JP6094492B2 - Method and apparatus for cooling hot rolled coil - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cooling method and a cooling device for a hot-rolled coil that is a roll-shaped hot-rolled steel strip wound by a winder installed in a hot-rolling line.

  A hot-rolled steel sheet is manufactured on a hot-rolling line as shown in FIG. First, the slab is heated to a predetermined temperature in the heating furnace 61, and the heated slab is rolled by a roughing mill 62 to form a rough bar. Next, this rough bar is formed into a hot rolled steel strip P having a predetermined thickness in a continuous hot finish rolling mill 63 composed of a plurality of rolling stands. And after cooling the hot-rolled steel strip P by supplying a cooling water to the upper part and the lower part of the hot-rolled steel strip P from the cooling device 64 installed in the runout table, it winds up in roll shape with the winder 65 . Thus, the roll-shaped hot-rolled steel strip wound up by the winder is referred to as “hot rolled coil” in this specification.

  The temperature of the hot-rolled coil immediately after winding is about 500 to 650 ° C., and it is cooled to room temperature at a coil place (hereinafter referred to as “coil yard”) in a hot-rolled factory and shipped. A large amount of hot-rolled coils are cooled in the coil storage area, and the temperature around the hot-rolled coils is high, and another hot-rolled coil at a high temperature is installed around the hot-rolled coils. For this reason, it takes a long time of 3 to 5 days for the cooling to be completed by simply allowing it to cool. For this reason, there is a shortage of places for placing the hot-rolled coils, and the time until the hot-rolled coils are shipped becomes longer, resulting in an increase in inventory.

  Accordingly, various methods for cooling hot-rolled coils have been developed. In Patent Document 1, a cooling water spray nozzle for suppressing temperature rise in the indoor atmosphere is provided integrally with the ceiling portion of the coil yard, indoor temperature and humidity are detected, and cooling from the spray nozzle is performed based on the detection result. A technique for controlling the amount of water spray is described. This technology belongs to an air cooling system in which the cooling water does not fall directly on the hot-rolled coil, and the cooling water is sprayed from a distance from the ceiling of the coil yard, and the cooling capacity is low, so that efficient cooling cannot be performed.

  There is also a water cooling method such as sprinkling and cooling the hot rolled coil. However, in this system, the cooling water hardly evaporates when the surface temperature of the hot-rolled coil is 100 ° C. or less, the hot-rolled coil surface gets wet with water, and if left as it is, rust is generated on the surface of the steel strip. If rusting occurs, the appearance will be damaged and shipping will not be possible.

  Therefore, in Patent Document 2, the hot-rolled coil is cooled by spraying water mist having a droplet diameter of 5 to 100 μm from the horizontal direction on both side surfaces of the coil, and cooling the hot-rolled coil in a horizontal hole state. Is described. In this method, the water mist cools the atmosphere in the vicinity of the hot rolled coil side surface, and since the mist diameter is sufficiently small, even if the water mist adheres to the side surface, the water mist is instantly vaporized.

JP-A-57-134207 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-177240

  However, since the mist is easily influenced by the surrounding wind and is also greatly affected by the air resistance, the conventional nozzle as in Patent Document 2 has a short mist injection distance and an arrival height of about 1 m.

  Here, in patent document 2, the nozzle which sprays mist exists in the position of the half of the height of a hot rolling coil, and sprays mist toward the nozzle side surface from this nozzle. However, when the hot-rolled coil is installed in the coil yard using a crane, the hot-rolled coil being transported may come into contact with the nozzle and damage the nozzle. For this reason, it is desirable to arrange the nozzle for spraying mist at the same position as or below the mounting surface (ground) of the hot-rolled coil.

  On the other hand, the hot rolled coil is large and has a height of about 2 m. In addition, when hot rolling coils are arranged in two stages for the purpose of saving space, the upper hot rolling coil is about 3 m above the ground. Therefore, when the nozzle is arranged at the same position as or lower than the mounting surface (ground) of the hot rolled coil, the mist reaches the upper part of the side surface of the hot rolled coil or the hot rolled coil at a height of about 1 m. Since it does not reach the upper hot-rolled coil when arranged in two stages, the cooling efficiency becomes insufficient.

  As described above, in the conventional technology, when the nozzle is disposed at the same position as or below the mounting surface (ground) of the hot-rolled coil, the hot-rolled coil cannot be sufficiently cooled, and cooling is performed. The present inventor has found a problem that it takes a long time.

  Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides heat that can shorten the cooling time by mist even when a nozzle is disposed at the same position as or below the mounting surface (ground) of the hot rolled coil. An object of the present invention is to provide a cooling method and a cooling device for a rolled coil.

  As a result of intensive studies by the present inventor to achieve this object, the mist is sprayed vigorously above the collision surface by colliding the rod-shaped jet of high-pressure water with the collision surface inclined with respect to the traveling direction. The idea was to use a mist spraying device for cooling the hot rolled coil. As a result, it has been found that mist can reach the upper side of the hot rolled coil or the upper hot rolled coil when the hot rolled coils are arranged in two stages, and cooling can be completed in a short time. It came to complete.

This invention is made | formed based on such knowledge, The summary structure is as follows.
(1) A method for cooling a hot-rolled coil, which is a rolled hot-rolled steel strip wound by a winder installed in a hot rolling line,
Arranging the hot-rolled coil such that the width direction of the hot-rolled steel strip is a horizontal direction;
A nozzle body for injecting high-pressure water;
A collision plate that collides with a rod-shaped jet that is high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle body, the collision surface being inclined with respect to the traveling direction of the rod-shaped jet, and located above the nozzle body;
A mist spray nozzle capable of spraying mist upward from the collision surface, at least one of the outer sides of the both sides of the hot rolled coil and the same position as the lower end of the hot rolled coil, or A step of disposing the collision plate so that the collision plate is positioned below it;
Cooling at least one side of both sides of the hot-rolled coil with mist sprayed from the mist spray nozzle;
A method for cooling a hot-rolled coil, comprising:

  (2) A cooling nozzle for cooling at least the upper hot-rolled coil in a state where a plurality of hot-rolled coils are arranged in two stages so that both side surfaces of each hot-rolled coil are aligned, the mist The method for cooling a hot-rolled coil according to (1), wherein the spray nozzle is used.

  (3) The method for cooling a hot-rolled coil according to (2), wherein a cooling nozzle for cooling the lower hot-rolled coil is also the mist spray nozzle.

  (4) Both the mist spray nozzle that cools the upper hot-rolled coil and the mist spray nozzle that cools the lower hot-rolled coil are at the same position as or lower than the mounting surface of the plurality of hot-rolled coils. The method for cooling a hot-rolled coil according to the above (3), in which the collision plate is disposed at the same position.

(5) A hot rolled coil, which is a roll-shaped hot rolled steel strip wound by a winder installed in a hot rolling line, so that the width direction of the hot rolled steel strip is a horizontal direction. A cooling device for hot-rolled coils that cools in a state of being disposed
A nozzle body for injecting high-pressure water;
A collision plate that collides with a rod-shaped jet that is high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle body, the collision surface being inclined with respect to the traveling direction of the rod-shaped jet, and located above the nozzle body;
A mist spray nozzle capable of spraying mist upward from the collision surface, at least one of the outer sides of the both sides of the hot rolled coil and the same position as the lower end of the hot rolled coil, or A cooling apparatus for hot-rolled coils, which is arranged so that the collision plate is positioned below that.

  According to the method and apparatus for cooling a hot-rolled coil of the present invention, the cooling time by mist is shortened even when a nozzle is arranged at the same position as or below the mounting surface (ground) of the hot-rolled coil. can do.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the mist spray nozzle used for the cooling method of the hot rolling coil of this invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 for explaining the definition of a mist injection angle θ. It is a model perspective view for demonstrating one Embodiment of the cooling method of the hot rolled coil 20 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the positional relationship of the hot-rolling coil 20 and the collision board 14 of FIG. 1, (A) is the figure which looked at the hot-rolling coil 20, and (B) is the hot-rolling coil 40. It is the figure which looked at from the front. It is a model perspective view for demonstrating the cooling method of the hot rolling coils 30, 32, and 34 by other embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of a hot rolling line.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the method for cooling a hot-rolled coil and the cooling device of the present invention will be described.

(Embodiment 1)
The method and apparatus for cooling a hot-rolled coil according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. First, referring to FIG. 3, in the method for cooling hot-rolled coil 20 of the present embodiment, hot-rolled coil 20 is arranged so that the width direction W of the hot-rolled steel strip is in the horizontal direction, and predetermined mist spraying is performed. The mist sprayed from the nozzle cools at least one side 20 </ b> A of both side surfaces of the hot rolled coil 20. The general dimensions of the hot-rolled coil 20 are such that the outer peripheral portion 20C has a width of 0.8 to 1.8 m, and the outer peripheral portion has a diameter (side diameter) of 1.3 to 2.5 m.

  The present embodiment relates to a case where a plurality of hot rolled coils are arranged adjacent to each other on the ground of a coil yard so that both side surfaces of the hot rolled coils are aligned. 3 and 4 show only one hot-rolled coil 20 and two corresponding mist spray nozzles. Other hot rolled coils are cooled in the same manner.

  Nozzles for spraying mist, which have been used in the steel industry, are a type in which cooling water is refined in the nozzle or near the nozzle outlet, and mist is sprayed from the nozzle outlet, or air and cooling water are sprayed in the nozzle or near the nozzle outlet. , The cooling water is refined (misted) at the nozzle outlet, and the mist is sprayed toward the object to be cooled. However, in these nozzles, the reaching height of the mist is about 1 m, and the problem as described above arises. This is because the mist is greatly decelerated in the air as compared with a continuous flow such as a rod-like jet.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the mist generation method is changed as follows. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a mist spray nozzle 10 used in the present embodiment includes a nozzle body 12 and a collision plate 14. The nozzle body 12 injects high-pressure water (cooling water). The collision plate 14 has a collision surface 16 that collides with a rod-shaped jet, which is high-pressure water ejected from the nozzle body 12, and is positioned above the nozzle body 12. The collision surface 16 is inclined by an angle θ2 with respect to the traveling direction of the rod-like jet.

  When the rod-shaped jet collides with the inclined collision surface 16, the traveling direction becomes a liquid film obliquely upward. The liquid film splits into liquid yarns as it moves away from the collision plate 14, and then the liquid yarns split into mists. The details of the mist spray nozzle with such a mechanism are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-94487 and Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers (B), Vol. 71, No. 703 (2005-3) p. Atomization of a High Speed Liquid Jet by Wall Impingement.

  According to the mist spray nozzle 10, the cooling water is not a mist but a liquid film at a stage where it is discharged obliquely upward from the collision plate 14, so that it is not greatly decelerated in the air. Therefore, the mist which is the last form of cooling water can be sprayed upward from the collision surface 16, and the arrival height of mist can be made higher than the case of the conventional nozzle. In the present embodiment, at least one side of both side surfaces of the hot-rolled coil is cooled by the mist sprayed from the mist spray nozzle 10.

  In the present specification, “mist” means a droplet group having a Sauter average diameter of 100 μm or less. When spraying a droplet group with a diameter exceeding 100 μm, if the droplet adheres to the side surface of the hot-rolled coil, it is difficult to evaporate when the surface temperature of the hot-rolled coil is 100 ° C. or less, and the adhered droplet causes rusting. Because it becomes. The diameter of the mist can be measured by irradiating the droplet with laser light. Moreover, the liquid which comprises mist should just have water as a main component, However, It is preferable that it is a pure water.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the positional relationship between the mist spray nozzle 10 and the hot rolled coil 20 will be described. In these drawings, the collision plate of the mist spray nozzle 10 that cools one side surface 20A of the hot-rolled coil is denoted by reference numeral 14A, and the collision plate of the mist spray nozzle 10 that cools the other side surface 20B is denoted by reference numeral 14B. The following description will be made with reference to the collision plate 14A, but the same applies to the collision plate 14B.

  In the present embodiment, the collision plate 14A is positioned outside the side surface 20A of the hot-rolled coil 20 and at the same position as or below the lower end of the hot-rolled coil 20 (that is, the mounting surface of the hot-rolled coil). In addition, the mist spray nozzle 10 is disposed. Specifically, referring to FIG. 4 (A), collision plates 14A and 14B are respectively arranged at the central portions of both side surfaces 20A and 20B of hot-rolled coil 20, and referring to FIG. The collision plate 14A is disposed below the mounting surface G of the extended coil by a distance L1.

  In this embodiment, the distance L1 between the mounting surface G of the hot-rolled coil and the collision plate 14A, the distance L2 between the side surface 20A of the hot-rolled coil and the collision plate 14A, the injection pressure of the cooling water, and a mist inclination angle described later. By appropriately setting θ1, the cooling water can reach the side surface 20A of the hot-rolled coil as a whole in a mist state. Hereinafter, these preferable conditions will be described.

  First, the mist inclination angle θ1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4B. The mist inclination angle θ1 is defined as an angle formed by the line segment MN in FIG. 2 and the traveling direction of the rod-shaped jet. Point N is a position where the liquid yarn breaks and splits into mist. Point M is the midpoint of line segment PQ. A line segment PQ indicates the spread of mist at a position at a distance L2 from the collision plate 14A, that is, a position of the side surface 20A of the hot-rolled coil. The line segment PN is the uppermost part of the mist group, and the line segment QN is the lowermost part of the mist group. θ1 can be obtained by photographing the mist group and its periphery so that the image is as shown in FIG. 2, and analyzing the image.

  The injection pressure of the cooling water is preferably 1 MPa or more and 10 MPa or less. If it is 1 MPa or more, mist can be generated stably, and if it is 10 MPa or less, wear of the collision surface 16 can be suppressed. From the viewpoint of stable mist generation, the pressure is more preferably about 5 MPa.

  The inclination angle θ1 of the mist is preferably 0 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less. When the angle is less than 0 degrees, the mist is injected in a direction away from the hot-rolled coil, and the mist that does not contribute to cooling increases. When the angle exceeds 45 degrees, the mist that corresponds to the cooling coil is not sufficient. Although θ1 depends on the inclination angle θ2 of the collision surface 16 with respect to the traveling direction of the rod-shaped jet and the injection pressure of the cooling water, the injection pressure is so large as long as stable mist can be generated and does not affect θ1. Not give. Therefore, a suitable θ1 can be obtained mainly by appropriately setting θ2.

  The distance L1 between the mounting surface G of the hot rolled coil and the collision plate 14A is preferably 0 mm or more and 100 mm or less. If the position of the collision plate 14A is the same position as or lower than the placement surface of the hot-rolled coil, there is no possibility that the hot-rolled coil being conveyed contacts the collision plate 14A. From this point of view, L1 does not need to exceed 100 mm, and digging the floor more than necessary causes an unnecessary increase in construction costs and makes it difficult to reach the cooling water.

  The distance L2 between the side surface 20A of the hot rolled coil and the collision plate 14A is preferably 50 mm or more and 500 mm or less. If it is less than 50 mm, there is a possibility that the liquid film or liquid yarn before becoming mist may hit the hot rolled coil, which may cause rust or reduce the cooling capacity. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 mm, the hot rolled coil Ascending airflow due to the heat of the air cannot be used and the mist injection height is reduced, which is not preferable. The injection pressure of the cooling water and the above L1 do not greatly affect the mist supply position. Therefore, the L2 and the mist inclination angle θ1 are particularly taken into consideration so that the cooling water reaches the side surface 20A of the hot-rolled coil as a whole in the mist state.

  The temperature of the cooling water sprayed from the nozzle body 12 is preferably 30 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of sufficiently obtaining the cooling effect of the hot rolled coil.

  In the present embodiment, in this way, even when the nozzle is disposed at the same position as or below the mounting surface (ground) of the hot rolled coil, the mist reaches the upper part of the side surface of the hot rolled coil. Can do. Therefore, the cooling time of the hot-rolled coil by mist can be shortened.

  In addition, in this embodiment, the example which arrange | positions the mist injection nozzle 10 to the outer side of the both sides | surfaces 20A and 20B of a hot-rolling coil was shown from a viewpoint of obtaining higher cooling capacity, respectively. However, even when the mist injection nozzle 10 is disposed only on one side, a higher cooling capacity can be obtained than when a conventional nozzle is used.

(Embodiment 2)
With reference to FIG. 5, the cooling method and cooling apparatus of the hot-rolled coil according to the second embodiment will be described. The present embodiment relates to a state in which a plurality of hot rolled coils are arranged in two stages so that both side surfaces of each hot rolled coil are aligned. That is, in the one-stage arrangement state of the first embodiment, another hot rolling coil is placed in a recess between adjacent hot rolling coils, and a large number of hot rolling coils can be efficiently arranged in the coil yard. In FIG. 5, the lower hot-rolling coils 32 and 34 and the upper hot-rolling coil 30 placed in the recess between these hot-rolling coils are shown. Also shown are collision plates 14C, 14D, 14E of mist spray nozzles corresponding to the hot rolling coils 32, 30, 34, respectively.

  In the left-right direction of FIG. 5, the collision plates 14C and 14E are respectively disposed at the center portions of the side surfaces of the hot rolling coils 32 and 34, and the collision plate 14D is disposed between the collision plate 14C and the collision plate 14E. Moreover, all the collision plates 14C, 14D, and 14E are located at the same position as or below the placement surface G of the hot-rolled coil.

  If the cooling nozzle for cooling the upper hot-rolled coil is the mist spray nozzle 10 described in the first embodiment as in the present embodiment, the mist can also reach the side surface of the upper hot-rolled coil. The cooling time of the upper hot-rolled coil can be shortened.

  In the present embodiment, the cooling nozzle for cooling the lower hot rolling coil is also the mist spray nozzle 10 described in the first embodiment. Thereby, mist can be made to reach the upper part of the side surface of the lower hot rolling coil, and the cooling time of the lower hot rolling coil can be shortened.

  The conditions for the cooling liquid (liquid film) discharged from the collision plates 14C and 14E to reach the side surfaces of the lower hot rolling coils 32 and 34 in the mist state are as described in the first embodiment. is there.

  In order to allow the cooling liquid (liquid film) discharged from the collision plate 14D to reach the side surface of the upper hot rolling coil 30 in a mist state, a distance L1 between the mounting surface G of the hot rolling coil and the collision plate 14D, The distance L2 between the side surface of the hot-rolled coil and the collision plate 14D, the cooling water injection pressure, and the mist inclination angle θ1 may be appropriately changed. In particular, the reaching height of the mist can be increased by changing the distance L2 and the mist inclination angle θ1.

  As suitable conditions for the mist to reach the side surface of the upper hot-rolled coil, the mist inclination angle θ1 may be set to 0 ° to 15 °, and the distance L2 may be set to 50 mm or more and 500 mm or less.

  In the coil yard of the hot rolling factory, the three hot rolling coils arranged as shown in FIG. 5 were cooled by various methods. The dimensions of the hot rolled coil were a width of the outer peripheral portion of 1.7 m, a diameter of the outer peripheral portion of 1.7 m, and a weight of 25 tons. The surface temperature at the start of cooling of the hot-rolled coil was 600 ° C., and the cooling was stopped when it reached 45 ° C. The time from the start of cooling to completion was measured.

(Test No. 1)
The hot rolled coil was allowed to cool in the atmosphere in both the upper and lower stages.

(Test No. 2)
A nozzle in which air and cooling water are mixed in the vicinity of the nozzle outlet, the cooling water is refined (misted) at the nozzle outlet, and mist is sprayed (referred to as “conventional nozzle” in Table 1). They are arranged at the positions of the collision plates 14C, 14D, and 14E in FIG. The cooling water was pure water having a water temperature of 20 ° C. The distance L1 between the mounting surface of the hot-rolled coil and the nozzle was 50 mm, and the distance L2 between the side surface of the hot-rolled coil and the nozzle was 300 mm.

(Test Nos. 3 to 16)
The mist injection nozzle shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 (referred to as “the nozzle of the present invention” in Table 1) was arranged as shown in FIG. The cooling water was pure water with a water temperature of 20 ° C., and the injection pressure from the nozzle body was fixed at 5 MPa. The distance L1 between the mounting surface of the hot rolled coil and the collision plate was fixed at 50 mm. The inclination angle θ1 of the mist and the distance L2 between the side surface of the hot rolled coil and the collision plate were set as shown in Table 1.

  Test No. In No. 2, the mist was greatly decelerated immediately after being sprayed from the nozzle, and the tilt angle θ1 of the mist in this specification could not be measured. According to visual observation, the arrival height of the mist was about 1 m, and the mist did not reach the upper part of the side surface of the lower hot rolling coil or the side surface of the upper hot rolling coil. Therefore, the cooling time required 68 hours for the lower hot-rolled coil and 76 hours for the upper hot-rolled coil, and the upper stage was not much different from the comparative example 1 which was allowed to cool to the atmosphere.

  On the other hand, test No. using the nozzle of the present invention. In 3-16, according to visual observation, the mist could also be made to reach the upper part of the side surface of the lower hot-rolled coil and the side surface of the upper hot-rolled coil. Therefore, the cooling time is 56 to 67 hours for the lower hot-rolled coil and 58 to 68 hours for the upper hot-rolled coil. It could be significantly shorter than 2.

  According to the method and apparatus for cooling a hot-rolled coil of the present invention, the cooling time by mist is shortened even when a nozzle is arranged at the same position as or below the mounting surface (ground) of the hot-rolled coil. Therefore, the hot rolled coil can be shipped in a short time.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Mist spray nozzle 12 Nozzle body 14 Colliding plate 16 Colliding surface 20 Hot rolled coil 20A, 20B Side surface of hot rolled coil 20C Outer surface of hot rolled coil 30 Hot rolled coil (upper stage)
32, 34 Hot rolled coil (lower)
61 Heating furnace 62 Rough rolling mill 63 Continuous hot finish rolling mill 64 Cooling device 65 Winding machine

Claims (5)

A method for cooling a hot-rolled coil, which is a roll-shaped hot-rolled steel strip wound by a winder installed in a hot-rolling line,
Arranging the hot-rolled coil such that the width direction of the hot-rolled steel strip is a horizontal direction;
A nozzle body for injecting high-pressure water;
A collision plate that collides with a rod-shaped jet that is high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle body, the collision surface being inclined with respect to the traveling direction of the rod-shaped jet, and located above the nozzle body;
A mist spray nozzle capable of spraying mist upward from the collision surface, at least one of the outer sides of the both sides of the hot rolled coil and the same position as the lower end of the hot rolled coil, or A step of disposing the collision plate so that the collision plate is positioned below it;
Cooling at least one side of both sides of the hot-rolled coil with mist sprayed from the mist spray nozzle;
A method for cooling a hot-rolled coil, comprising:   A cooling nozzle for cooling at least the upper hot rolling coil in a state where a plurality of hot rolling coils are arranged in two stages so that both side surfaces of each hot rolling coil are aligned, and the mist spray nozzle The method for cooling a hot-rolled coil according to claim 1.   The method for cooling a hot-rolled coil according to claim 2, wherein a cooling nozzle for cooling the lower-stage hot-rolled coil is also the mist spray nozzle.   Both the mist spray nozzle that cools the upper hot-rolled coil and the mist spray nozzle that cools the lower hot-rolled coil are at the same position as or lower than the mounting surface of the plurality of hot-rolled coils. The method for cooling a hot-rolled coil according to claim 3, wherein the collision plate is disposed so as to be positioned. A state in which hot rolled coils, which are roll-shaped hot rolled steel strips wound by a winder installed in a hot rolling line, are arranged so that the width direction of the hot rolled steel strip is a horizontal direction. A hot rolled coil cooling device for cooling at
A nozzle body for injecting high-pressure water;
A collision plate that collides with a rod-shaped jet that is high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle body, the collision surface being inclined with respect to the traveling direction of the rod-shaped jet, and located above the nozzle body;
A mist spray nozzle capable of spraying mist upward from the collision surface, at least one of the outer sides of the both sides of the hot rolled coil and the same position as the lower end of the hot rolled coil, or A cooling apparatus for hot-rolled coils, which is arranged so that the collision plate is positioned below that.

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