JP6094017B2 - Petrified sunflower line - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a sunflower in which a large number of small-headed inflorescences gather to form a flower as a whole, and the orientation of individual head-like inflorescences is not constant, and the head-like inflorescences of the formed flowers are oriented in all directions.

  Petrification (spelling, banding) is a form of malformation found in plants, and occurs when abnormalities occur in the meristems at the growth points present at the shoot apex of plants. Petrification causes phenomena such as the flattening of various organs of plants, mainly stems, leaves, and inflorescences. Petrification is a type of malformation, usually in which multiple organs such as independent stems adhere to form a flat shape. Petrification has been reported to occur frequently in the species of Compositae, Brassicaceae, and Acanthaceae, and is said to be a phenomenon that is likely to occur when nutrients are excessive, or a phenomenon that occurs when the growth point is damaged by bacteria or insects (non- Patent Document 1).

  In some cases, such as celosia (Celosia argentea), flower petrification is a species feature.

Tetsuo Fujita, Plant Morphology, 1949, Kyoritsu Publishing

  In the present invention, petrification occurs, and a large number of small flower heads gather to form a flower as a whole, and the orientation of individual flower heads is not constant, and the flower heads formed as a whole are oriented in all directions. The purpose is to provide sunflower.

  Varieties characterized by flower petrification have been established in Amaranthaceae, etc., and it is considered that the phenotypic quality of flower petrification is genetically fixed in these varieties.

  However, there is no known sunflower in which the characteristic of petrification is genetically fixed.

  The present inventors have found a sunflower individual having a different form of flower from a normal sunflower flower from a sunflower field, and confirmed that it is due to petrification. The present inventors genetically fixed sunflowers having the characteristic that the flowers are petrified by breeding through repeated mating and selection, and regarding the traits of flower shape, a large number of small-headed inflorescences gathered together as a whole. To obtain a sunflower line that stably exhibits the phenotype that the orientation of the individual inflorescences is not constant, and that the inflorescences of the flowers formed as a whole are oriented in all directions. It came to.

That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] Sunflower with petrified flowers.
[2] The sunflower of [1] having the following characteristics:
(i) In a region where a single flower bud is formed in a normal sunflower, the flower bud increases and a large number of flowers are formed;
(ii) A large number of small inflorescences gather to form a flower as a whole;
(iii) The orientation of individual head-like inflorescences is not constant, and the head-like inflorescences of the flowers formed as a whole face in all directions.
[3] Further, the sunflower according to [2] having the following characteristics:
(iv) The flowers formed as a whole are spherical.
[4] a consignment number FERM P -22261, [1] or sunflower - [3], the progeny, or a hybrids or progeny thereof.
[5] Sunflower of [4] produced by a method comprising the following steps:
(a) seeding the sunflower seeds is entrusted number FERM P -22 261;
(b) a step of selecting a sunflower having the following characteristics from sunflowers sown in the step (a) to form a flower;
(i) In a region where a single flower bud is formed in a normal sunflower, the flower bud increases and a large number of flowers are formed;
(ii) A large number of small inflorescences gather to form a flower as a whole;
(iii) The orientation of individual head-like inflorescences is not constant, and the head-like inflorescences of the flowers formed as a whole face in all directions;
(iv) The flower formed as a whole is spherical,
(c) sowing the sunflower seeds selected in step (b); and
(d) A step of selecting sunflower having the characteristics described in (b).
[6] In addition, the following step (a ′) is included between (a) and (b): [4] or [5] sunflower, progeny, or a hybrid or progeny thereof:
(a ') A step of selecting those whose cross-sectional shape of the hypocotyl is flat after germination.
[7] Further, the sunflower, progeny thereof, or a hybrid or progeny thereof according to any one of [4] to [6], further comprising the following step (a ″) between (a) and (b):
(a '') A step of selecting a seedling that is 2 to 6 weeks after germination and having a good condition between the leaves formed between the leaves and the nodes between the leaves.
[8] The sunflower according to any one of [5] to [7], wherein the steps (b) to (d), (a ′) to (d) or (a ″) to (d) are repeated at least three times. Progenies, or their hybrids or their progenies.
[9] A method for producing a sunflower according to [4], comprising the following steps:
(a) seeding the sunflower seeds is entrusted number FERM P -22 261;
(b) a step of selecting a sunflower having the following characteristics from sunflowers sown in the step (a) to form a flower;
(i) In a region where a single flower bud is formed in a normal sunflower, the flower bud increases and a large number of flowers are formed;
(ii) A large number of small inflorescences gather to form a flower as a whole;
(iii) The orientation of individual head-like inflorescences is not constant, and the head-like inflorescences of the flowers formed as a whole face in all directions;
(iv) The flower formed as a whole is spherical,
(c) sowing the sunflower seeds selected in step (b); and
(d) A step of selecting sunflower having the characteristics described in (b).
[10] A method for producing a sunflower according to [9], further comprising the following step (a ′) between (a) and (b):
(a ') A step of selecting those whose cross-sectional shape of the hypocotyl is flat after germination.
[11] A method for producing a sunflower according to [9] or [10], further comprising the following step (a ″) between (a) and (b):
(a '') A step of selecting a seedling that is 2 to 6 weeks after germination and having a good condition between the leaves formed between the leaves and the nodes between the leaves.
[12] Repeat the steps (b) to (d), (a ′) to (d) or (a ″) to (d) at least three times, and the sunflower according to any one of [9] to [11] How to create.
[13] Sunflower seeds according to any one of [1] to [7].

  The “Himawaru” of the present invention is petrified, a large number of small flower heads gather together to form a flower as a whole, the orientation of individual flower heads is not constant, and the flower heads formed as a whole are omnidirectional It is a sunflower line with a new feature that is not seen in conventional sunflowers. “Himawaru” having such characteristics has high ornamental value as a flower bed flower and cut flower.

It is a figure which shows the state of the flower of a "sunflower" which is a petrified sunflower. It is a figure which shows the state of the flower of "Sunflower" which is a petrified sunflower (the 2).

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

  The present invention is a sunflower having the characteristic of being petrified. Petrification is also called spelling or banding.

  In the sunflower of the present invention, the petrification phenomenon is also observed in the hypocotyl and stem, but since the petrification phenomenon is remarkably recognized with respect to the flower traits, it can be said that the sunflower of the present invention is a sunflower in which the flower has been petrified.

  Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) is an annual plant belonging to the genus Sunflower, Asteraceae. Sunflower flowers are called head-shaped inflorescences, and many flowers gather to form one flower. A flower with a yellow petal on the outer ring of a sunflower flower is called a tongue-shaped flower, and a flower without an inner petal is called a tubular flower (tubular flower). Here, inflorescence refers to the arrangement of a large number of flowers on the stem. Ordinary sunflowers have a disk-shaped flower with a small unpatterned flower in the center. Here, a normal sunflower is a sunflower that is not normally petrified and has a large flower bloom. For example, “Russia”, “Black Dragon”, “Sun”, “Gough's” Varieties (high-species species) that are cultivated species that have long stems such as “sunflower” and have large flower blooms can be mentioned as normal sunflowers.

The petrified sunflower of the present invention has at least one of the following characteristics (i) to (viii) as a phenotype with respect to the traits of at least flowers, leaves, hypocotyls, and stem shapes. Preferably, (i) to (iv) have at least (i), (ii) and (iii) features relating to the shape of the flower as characteristics regarding the features relating to the shape of the flower, and (iv) at least one of the characteristics of (v), (vi), (vii) or (viii): (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii) ), (Iv) and (v), (iv) and (vi), (iv) and (vii), (iv) and (viii), (v) and (vi ), (V) and (vii), (v) and (viii), (vi) and (vii), (vi) and (viii), (vii) and (viii) ), (Iv), (v) and (vi), (iv), (v) and (vii), (iv), (v) and (viii), (iv) and (vi) and (vii), (iv), (vi) and (viii), (iv), (vii) and (viii), (v), (vi) and (vii) (V), (vi) and (viii), (vi), (vii) and (viii), or (iv), (v), (vi) and (vii), ( iv), (v), (vi) and (viii), (iv), (v), (vii) and (vi ii), (iv) and (vi), (vii) and (viii), (v) and (vi), (vii) and (viii), or (iv) and (v) and It has the characteristics of (vi), (vii) and (viii).
(i) The flower buds increase at a site where a single flower bud is formed in a normal sunflower, and a single flower is formed with a normal sunflower, whereas many flowers are formed. Two or more flower buds can be formed at a site where one flower bud can be formed in a normal sunflower.
(ii) A large number of small head-like inflorescences gather as compared to ordinary sunflowers to form flowers as a whole. That is, many small-headed inflorescences gather to form a flower as a whole. Here, the term “flower as a whole” in the expression “forms a flower as a whole” refers to a “flower” that is recognized as one flower when observed by an observer.
(iii) The orientation of individual head-like inflorescences is not constant, and the head-like inflorescences of the flowers formed as a whole are generally omnidirectional. Here, “substantially all directions” means that, for example, at least 360 degrees around the sunflower according to the present invention, the sunflower is observed in at least one head-like inflorescence. That means.
(iv) The flowers formed as a whole are spherical. Here, the spherical shape does not mean a perfect sphere, but means that the outline of the flower as a whole in which many head-like inflorescences are gathered is recognized as a spherical shape, and the spherical shape may be substantially spherical.
(v) The seedling hypocotyl fragment is flat. Here, in the process of extending the hypocotyl, petrification occurs and a plurality of hypocotyls are formed, and these hypocotyls are fused to form one hypocotyl, so that the hypocotyl fragments are flattened.
(vi) There are cocoon leaves between the individual inflorescences that form the flower as a whole. Here, cocoon leaves are leaves at the base of the inflorescence, and in the asteraceae plants such as sunflowers, they are usually called cocoons, and each cocoon is called a cocoon piece. In the present invention, the term “bamboo leaves” includes a total basket and a total blank. There may also be normal leaves between the inflorescences.
(vii) The shape of the leaves is narrower than normal sunflowers.
(viii) A large number of scaly inflorescences are attached to the tip of the main stem that appears as a single stem. Here, the stem of the sunflower of the present invention is in a state where a plurality of stems are adhered by petrification. In the present invention, “a main stem that looks like a single stem” refers to a stem in which a plurality of stems are fused to form a single stem.

The sunflower in which the flower is petrified has high ornamental value as a flower bed flower and cut flower.
There are several types of sunflower flower shapes in which the flower of the present invention is petrified, and typical examples include types 1 to 4 shown in FIGS. 1B to 1E and 2A to 2D. Among these, type 1 sunflower is preferable in terms of ornamental value.

  The sunflower in which the flower of the present invention is petrified is called “Himawaru” (scientific name: Helianthus annuus “Himawaru”).

The “Himawaru” of the present invention can be created by the following method.
A sunflower having a phenotypic characteristic of any one of (i) to (viii) above is selected from ordinary sunflowers by petrification by the traits of the shape of flowers, leaves, hypocotyls and stems. Preferably, (i) to (iv) have at least (i), (ii) and (iii) features relating to the shape of the flower as characteristics regarding the features relating to the shape of the flower, and (iv) at least one of the characteristics of (v), (vi), (vii) or (viii): (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii) ), (Iv) and (v), (iv) and (vi), (iv) and (vii), (iv) and (viii), (v) and (vi ), (V) and (vii), (v) and (viii), (vi) and (vii), (vi) and (viii), (vii) and (viii) ), (Iv), (v) and (vi), (iv), (v) and (vii), (iv), (v) and (viii), (iv) and (vi) and (vii), (iv), (vi) and (viii), (iv), (vii) and (viii), (v), (vi) and (vii) (V), (vi) and (viii), (vi), (vii) and (viii), or (iv), (v), (vi) and (vii), ( iv), (v), (vi) and (viii), (iv), (v), (vii) and (vi ii), (iv) and (vi), (vii) and (viii), (v) and (vi), (vii) and (viii), or (iv) and (v) and A sunflower having the characteristics (vi), (vii) and (viii) is selected. Subsequently, the sunflower seeds are collected and sown, and individuals having formed flowers having the above characteristics are selected and subjected to group crossing or self-pollination. By collecting seeds again and repeating similar sorting, it is possible to establish “Himawaru”. For example, “Himawaru” can be established by repeating group mating or self-pollination and selection 3 to 4 times. “Himawaru” is considered to be a sunflower to which genetic variation related to the phenotype of a petrified flower is fixed.

  Further, at this time, by seeding seeds, selecting those with flat hypocotyls in the state of germinated seedlings, planting and growing, it is possible to obtain a petrified sunflower with high efficiency. In a normal sunflower in which petrification does not occur, one hypocotyl extends to become one stem, and the hypocotyl has a circular cross section. On the other hand, when petrification occurs in the hypocotyl elongation process, two or more hypocotyls are formed, and the hypocotyl cross-section becomes flat when they are fused. In this case, it is difficult to express the flatness with a numerical value, and it is only necessary to observe the morphology of a large number of seedling hypocotyls and select those having a flat hypocotyl among the whole. A person skilled in the art can visually select a flatter hypocotyl from a large number of seedling populations.

  Alternatively, after sowing seeds and germinating, the seedlings 2 to 6 weeks later are selected from seedlings that are recognized as having good internodes between the leaves that are made into stems, planted and grown As a result, petrified sunflower can be obtained with high efficiency. Here, “the condition between the leaves that can be made into a stem and the internodes between the leaves” represents the distance between one leaf that can be made into a stem and the leaves that can be formed on it. Means that the distance between one leaf that can be made into a stem and the leaf that can be made on it is short. It is also said that the internode length is short. When petrification occurs, a plurality of stems are elongated, and they coalesce into a single stem. Therefore, since the leaves are formed from the respective stems, the number of leaves increases, and as a result, it is recognized that the internodes between the leaves are good. In this case, it is difficult to express “the degree of internodes between the leaves that can be made into stems” with numerical values. Observe the morphology of a large number of seedlings. It is sufficient to select those that have good inter-node clogging. A person skilled in the art can visually select a group of seedlings having a good “internode clogging between leaves that can be made into a stem” from among a large number of seedling populations.

  Among the above-described methods for selecting seedlings or seedlings, a method of selecting a leaf that is formed on the stem and having a good condition between the nodes between the leaves is preferable.

The seeds of “Himawaru”, a sunflower in which the flower of the present invention has been petrified, were dated December 26, 2013. prefecture Kisarazu Kazusa legs bowed in 2-5-8 No. 120 room) in entrusted number FERM P -22261 ( "display of identification" has been deposited in the "non-around").

  In addition, the seeds of “Himawaru” can be transferred from Hanau Co., Ltd. (3-10 Kinnobu, Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan).

  80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, particularly preferably 93% or more of the strain obtained from the seeds of this “Himawaru” is called petrified flower. It has characteristics and has the above phenotypes (i) to (iii) with respect to the traits of flower shape. Furthermore, it has at least one characteristic of the characteristics of (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) or (viii).

  At this time, after germinating the seeds of “Himawaru”, it is possible to obtain “Himawaru” where the flower is petrified with high efficiency by selecting and growing the seeds that are flat in the state of the germinated seedlings. it can. Alternatively, after sowing seeds and germinating, in the state of seedlings 2 to 6 weeks later, by selecting and growing the internodes between the leaves formed in the stem, that is, the condition is good, Sunflower with flower petrification can be obtained with high efficiency. As a selection method, a method of selecting a leaf between the leaves formed on the stem, that is, a node having good condition is preferable.

  The present invention also includes the progeny of “Himawaru” having the above characteristics, its hybrids, and progenies of the hybrids. Examples of hybrids include lines obtained by crossing “Himawaru” with other sunflower varieties, such as “Himawaru” and black dragon hybrids.

  The present invention also includes “Himawaru” seeds, cells, and tissues, and “Himawaru” can be grown from cells and tissues by tissue culture.

  Furthermore, the present invention also includes a processed product such as a dried flower of a portion such as a cut flower of “Himawaru” or a portion of “Himawaru” or a flower. Dried flowers include preserved flowers.

  The present invention will be specifically described by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 Fixation of petrified sunflower
In a sunflower field that was bred with normal sunflowers that did not have a malformation in 2009, a number of head-like inflorescences gathered to identify sunflowers with a spherically deformed flower as a whole. Judging from the shape of the flower, it was judged that the flower was deformed by petrification. When 50 seeds were collected from this sunflower and sown in 2010, a sunflower having a deformed flower was obtained again by petrification.
From this result, it was determined that petrification that occurred in sunflower flowers was due to genetic mutation.

  At this point, there was a difference in the shape of the flower depending on the individual, so the work of selecting the individual that had a good flower shape and high ornamental value, sowing it, sowing it, blooming it, and taking the seeds was repeated over 3 years.

Example 2 Fixation of “Himawaru” (1) In Example 1, in the third year, seeds were planted from the beginning of July, and seeds of 800 seeds were sown in three times a week.
Germination rate was over 60%.

  It bloomed from late August to early September. After seeds were formed, seeds were collected. The probability of the germinated sunflower was 90%.

(2) The seed obtained in (1) was bred according to the following schedule. In the second breeding, the seedling or seedling selection method was changed.

(i) First breeding
On June 3, 2013, seeded on cell trays. The cell tray was filled with Metromix (registered trademark), which is an artificial culture soil mainly composed of peat moss and vermiculite, and 200 grains were seeded one by one in a 128-well tray.

  The germination rate was investigated on June 11, 2013. 127 of 200 grains were germinated, and the germination rate was 63.5%.

  On the same day of the germination rate survey, 100 germinated seedlings were planted in an open field. At this time, a plant whose cross section was recognized to be flat was selected and planted.

  Flowering began in early August 2013. There was a difference in flowering date depending on individuals. Of the 100 plants that were planted, 80 plants reached the flower, and 75 of them were petrified in the flowers (the probability of the petrification of the flowers was 75 / 80≈93.8%). However, there was a difference in the shape of the flower depending on the individual.

  The flowering state of “Himawaru” obtained by the first sowing is shown in FIG. FIG. 1A is a photograph showing the whole, and FIGS. 1B to 1E are photographs showing types 1 to 4 of “Himawaru” in which flowers are petrified.

(ii) Second sowing
On July 5, 2013, seeded on cell trays. The cell tray was filled with Metromix (registered trademark), which is an artificial culture soil mainly composed of peat moss and vermiculite, and 200 grains were seeded one by one in a 128-well tray.

  The germination rate was investigated on July 14, 2013. 120 germinations were observed in 200 grains, and the germination rate was 60%.

  On the same day of the germination rate survey, two seedlings were planted in one pot in a 10.5 cm caliber long pot. At this time, seedlings were not selected.

  About one month after germination, in early August 2013, we selected the strains that are in good condition between the leaf nodes and planted the pot seedlings in the open ground.

  Flowering began in early September 2013. There was a difference in flowering date depending on individuals. Among the 50 plants that had been planted, 45 of the 50 plants had reached flowering, and 42 of them had petrification in the flowers (the probability of occurrence of petrification in the flowers was 42 / 45≈93.3%).

  FIG. 2 shows the flowering state of “Himawaru” obtained by the second sowing. 2A to 2D are photographs showing types 1 to 4 of “Himawaru” in which flowers are petrified, respectively.

The seeds of “Himawaru” were dated December 26, 2013, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Biological Deposit Center (NITE-IPOD) 8 No. 120 room) in the "display of identification" trustee number FERM P -22261 (has been deposited in the "non-around").

  In addition, when black varieties called black dragons were planted in the same field as “Himawaru” and naturally mated, the resulting hybrids also had the same phenotype as “Himawaru” regarding flowers.

  “Himawaru” of the present invention has a high ornamental value as a flower bed flower or cut flower, and creates a new market.

FERM P -22261

Claims (2)

A method for producing a sunflower in which a genetic variation relating to the phenotype of (i) to (iv) below is fixed with respect to the shape of the flower , comprising the following steps (a) to (f) :
(a) sowing sunflower seeds with accession number FERM P-22261;
( b ) after germination, selecting the hypocotyl whose cross-sectional shape is flat;
( c ) The step of selecting the internodes between the leaves formed on the stem, which are in good condition, in the state of seedlings 2 to 6 weeks after germination;
( d ) a step of further selecting a sunflower having the following characteristics from the sunflowers that have been sown and selected in the steps (a) , (b), and (c) to form flowers;
(i) In a region where a single flower bud is formed in a normal sunflower, the flower bud increases and a large number of flowers are formed;
(ii) A large number of small inflorescences gather to form a flower as a whole;
(iii) The orientation of the individual heads is not constant, and the heads of the formed flower heads in all directions; and
(iv) The flower formed as a whole is spherical,
( e ) sowing the sunflower seeds selected in step ( d ); and
( f ) A step of selecting sunflower having the characteristics described in ( d ). After sowing the sunflower seeds selected in the step (f) according to claim 1, the sunflower seeds selected in the steps (b) to (f) and (f) according to claim 1 A method for producing a sunflower, wherein the genetic variation relating to the phenotypes (i) to (iv) according to claim 1 is fixed with respect to the shape of the flower, wherein the sowing step is repeated at least twice .

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