JP6093299B2 - 植物 - Google Patents
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- JP6093299B2 JP6093299B2 JP2013515968A JP2013515968A JP6093299B2 JP 6093299 B2 JP6093299 B2 JP 6093299B2 JP 2013515968 A JP2013515968 A JP 2013515968A JP 2013515968 A JP2013515968 A JP 2013515968A JP 6093299 B2 JP6093299 B2 JP 6093299B2
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Description
(i)試験植物からRNAを単離するステップと、
(ii)eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eに特異的なプライマーを使用して、ステップ(i)で単離されるRNAからcDNAを産生するステップと、
(iii)ステップ(ii)で産生されるcDNAの配列を決定するステップと、
(iv)ステップ(iii)で決定されるcDNA配列を、野生型eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4EのcDNA配列と比較するステップと
を含み、
ここで、野生型配列と比較されるステップ(iii)の配列における変異は、試験植物におけるeIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eをコード化している核酸がミススプライスされており、eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eの変異体であることを示す、
方法を提供する。
AAAAAGCAGGCTCGAGGCGACAGAGGATG_(配列番号13)、
AGAAAGCTGGGTTCAGACAGTGAACCTAGTTCTTC(配列番号14)、および
AGAAAGCTGGGTTCAGACAGTGAACCGAGTTCTTC(配列番号15)、
からなる群から選択することが可能である。
(i)第1態様の、植物真核細胞の開始因子4E(eIF4E)変異体またはそのアイソフォーム(eIF(iso)4E)、および
(ii)野生型eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eの少なくとも1つのコピー(ここで、eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eの野生型コピーを、植物は使用することができるが、ウイルスは使用することができない)、
の存在を、試験植物で、検出することを含む、方法を提供する。
TuMVがB.ラパ(B.rapa)で使用できない、染色体A1上に位置するBraA.eIF4E.aのR−o−18対立遺伝子は、以下のゲノムDNA配列を有する(エクソン1〜5、ボールド体で表したイントロンを含む):
TuMVがB.ラパ(B.rapa)で使用できない染色体A1上に位置するBraA.eIF4E.aのRLR22対立遺伝子は、以下のゲノムDNA配列を有する(エクソン1〜5、ボールド体で表したイントロンを含む):
染色体A3上に位置するR−o−18 BraA.eIF4E.bは、非機能的である。非機能的であるBraA.eIF4E.bのR−o−18対立遺伝子は、以下のゲノムDNA配列を有する(エクソン1〜3、ボールド体で表したイントロンおよび下線を施した未熟終止コドンを含む):
染色体A3上に位置するBraA.eIF4E.bのRLR22対立遺伝子について、配列は何も得られなかった。
TuMVがB.ラパ(B.rapa)で使用できない、染色体A8上に位置するBraA.eIF4E.cのR−o−18対立遺伝子は、以下のゲノムDNA配列を有する(エクソン1〜5、ボールド体で表したイントロンを含む):
TuMVがB.ラパ(B.rapa)で使用できない、染色体A8上に位置するBraA.eIF4E.cのRLR22対立遺伝子は、以下のゲノムDNA配列を有する(エクソン1〜5、ボールド体で表したイントロンを含む):
TuMVがB.ラパ(B.rapa)で使用できない、染色体A5上に位置するBraA.eIF(iso)4E.bのR−o−18対立遺伝子は、以下のゲノムDNA配列を有する(エクソン1〜5、ボールド体で表したイントロンを含む):
TuMVがB.ラパ(B.rapa)で使用できない、染色体A5上に位置するBraA.eIF(iso)4E.bのRLR22対立遺伝子は、以下のゲノムDNA配列を有する(エクソン1〜5、ボールド体で表したイントロンを含む):
TuMVがB.ラパ(B.rapa)で使用でき、植物に易感染性を与える、染色体A8上に位置するBraA.eIF(iso)4E.cのR−o−18対立遺伝子は、以下のゲノムDNA配列を有する(エクソン1〜5、ボールド体で表したイントロンを含む):
TuMVがB.ラパ(B.rapa)で使用できず、かつ抵抗性に必要な、染色体A8上に位置するBraA.eIF(iso)4E.cのRLR22対立遺伝子は、以下のゲノムDNA配列を有する(エクソン1〜5、ボールド体で表したイントロンを含む):
TuMVに対する植物抵抗性を与えることに関わる遺伝子および機序を同定する目的で、本発明者はB.ラパ(B.rapa)で調査した。
B.ラパ(B.rapa)系統R−o−18は、TuMVによる感染に易感染性の同系交配系統である。しかし、系統RLR22は、今までに試験した全てのTuMV単離株に対して広域スペクトル抵抗性を有する。総ゲノムDNAは、系統R−o−18およびRLR22系統の若葉から、DNeasy plant mini kit(Qiagen)を使用して抽出し、続いてGenomiPhi system(GE Healthcare)を使用して増幅した。Taq DNA ポリメラーゼ(Invitrogen)および以下のプライマーを使用し、標準PCRで、BraA.eIF(iso)4E.a遺伝子のゲノムコード領域の大部分を増幅した。
PCR1(ATGGCGACAGAGGATGTGAACG)−(配列番号11)および
PCR2(TCTCCTTCCACTTCTTCCCAATAC)−(配列番号12)
RT−REV(R−o−18):AGAAAGCTGGGT TCAGACAGTGAACCTAGTTCTTC(配列番号14)
RT−REV(RLR22):AGAAAGCTGGGT TCAGACAGTGAACCGAGTTCTTC(配列番号15)
本発明者は、世界各地の様々なTuMV単離株に対して抵抗性を有し、かつ異なる遺伝群を表す、B.ラパ(B.rapa)系統、RLR22を同定した。図8は、eIF(iso)4E.aのRLR22対立遺伝子についてホモ接合の植物は、TuMV感染に抵抗性がある(左)が、eIF(iso)4E.aのB.ラパ(B.rapa)R−o−18対立遺伝子についてホモ接合、またはヘテロ接合の植物は、TuMV感染に易感染性である(右)ことを説明している。
TuMVに抵抗性があるB.ラパ(B.rapa)植物は、以下の育種プログラムから得ることが可能であり、そのプログラムを図8に図示する。
ある特定のポチウイルスに抵抗性がある植物は、以下の育種プログラムにより得ることが可能である。
実施例1〜3に記述されているシナリオは、ある特定のウイルスがそのライフサイクルを完成するために利用することができる、eIF4Eおよび/またはeIF(iso)4Eのコピーをたった1つ有する植物におけるウイルス抵抗性を説明するのに十分である。しかし、一部の植物は、こうした2つの遺伝子の一方、または両者の、複数のコピー/遺伝子座を有する。たとえば、ブラッシカ・ラパ(Brassica rapa)はeIF4EとeIF(iso)4Eの両方の3コピーを有し、ウイルスはこれらの遺伝子のいずれかを使用してそのライフサイクルを完成することが可能である。したがって、eIF4Eおよび/またはeIF(iso)4Eの複数のコピー/遺伝子座を有する植物でウイルス抵抗性を与えるためには、こうした他の遺伝子座の各々におけるeIF4Eおよび/またはeIF(iso)4Eの対立遺伝子が、ウイルスにとって非機能的であることが必要である。
総ゲノムDNAは、R−o−18系統およびRLR22系統の若葉から、DNeasy plant mini kit(Qiagen)を使用して抽出し、続いてGenomiPhi system(GE Healthcare)を使用して増幅した。BraA.eIF4E.a遺伝子、BraA.eIF4E.b遺伝子(R−o−18のみ)、BraA.eIF4E.c遺伝子、BraA.eIF(iso)4E.b遺伝子およびBraA.eIF(iso)4E.c遺伝子のゲノムコード領域を、Taq DNA ポリメラーゼ(Invitrogen)および下記のプライマーを使用して標準PCRで増幅した。BigDye Terminator systemおよびABI Prism 3130xl Genetics Analyzer(Applied Biosystems)を使用して、段階的な方法で、これらの産物の部分を配列決定し、対立遺伝子の完全なゲノム配列を決定する。BraA.eIF4E.bは、非機能的であるため、RLR22から配列決定されなかった。得られた配列の概要を表1に記載する。
R−o−18BraA.eIF4E.a:
順方向(BR57):AAAAAGCAGGCTTTTGGTCTGCAGTTATGTTATTAG(配列番号16)
逆方向(BR58):AGAAAGCTGGGTAAAAAGGCTTGCGAGTCA(配列番号17)
順方向(BR71):CAATGGCGGTAGAAGACACT(配列番号18)
逆方向(BR50):AGTTGAGTTTTTGTTCTTAC(配列番号19)
順方向(BR59):AAAAAGCAGGCTTAGGACAAATGATATGGGGAGAGT(配列番号20)
逆方向(BR60):AGAAAGCTGGGTAGCTTGGCGACCTTTTGA(配列番号21)
順方向(BR73):TGAAAGGGGCGAAAAACACAT(配列番号22)
逆方向(BR74):GCAAACCGACAAAATAAGGAAGAA(配列番号23)
順方向(BR63):AAAAAGCAGGCTTTTTTAAGAATGGAGGGAGTAT(配列番号24)
逆方向(BR64):AGAAAGCTGGGTGAAGCGCGGGTCAAAAT(配列番号25)
順方向(BR68):AAAAAGCAGGCTTTTGGTCTGCAATTATCTTATTAG(配列番号26)
逆方向(BR58):AGAAAGCTGGGTAAAAAGGCTTGCGAGTCA(配列番号27)
順方向(59):AAAAAGCAGGCTTAGGACAAATGATATGGGGAGAGT(配列番号28)
逆方向(60):AGAAAGCTGGGTAGCTTGGCGACCTTTTGA(配列番号29)
順方向(BR73):TGAAAGGGGCGAAAAACACAT(配列番号30)
逆方向(BR74):GCAAACCGACAAAATAAGGAAGAA(配列番号31)
順方向(BR80):AAAAAGCAGGCTCGAAGAAGTCCGCATAAAGC(配列番号32)
逆方向(BR81):AGAAAGCTGGGTACCCGTCCGTGGATTAAATA(配列番号33)
B.ラパ(B.rapa)系統R−o−18は、TuMVに易感染性の同系交配系統である。TuMVに抵抗性がある、系統RLR22は、今までに試験した全てのTuMV単離株に対して広域スペクトル抵抗性を有する(Walsh et al.2002,European Journal of Plant Pathology 108,15−20)。B.ラパ(B.rapa)TuMV−易感染性系統R−o−18とTuMV−抵抗性系統RLR22との間の交配から(Rusholme et al.2007,Journal of General Virology 88,3177−3186)。B1植物16は、BraA.eIF(iso)4E.aおよびBraA.eIF4E.cのRLR22対立遺伝子についてホモ接合であると同定されたが、BraA.eIF(iso)4E.c遺伝子座でヘテロ接合であると同定された。RLR22およびR−o−18は、BraA.eIF(iso)4E.b遺伝子座に同じ対立遺伝子を有し、またBraA.eIF4E.bにおけるR−o−18対立遺伝子は、非常に短縮されたポリペプチドを提供する偽遺伝子であるため、この植物についてこうした対立遺伝子は決定されなかった。
Claims (12)
- ウイルスに対して非機能的である、単離された植物真核細胞の翻訳開始因子4E(eIF4E)またはそのアイソフォーム(eIF(iso)4E)であって、前記eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eをコードしている核酸が、前記核酸の非コード領域における改変の結果として、ミススプライスされており、前記eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eタンパク質が、配列番号45、51または54で示されるアミノ酸配列を含むことを特徴とする、単離された植物真核細胞の翻訳開始因子4E(eIF4E)またはそのアイソフォーム(eIF(iso)4E)。
- 選択的にスプライスされた植物真核細胞の翻訳開始因子4E(eIF4E)、またはそのアイソフォーム(eIF(iso)4E)をコードしている単離された核酸であって、前記eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eがウイルスにとって非機能的であるように、前記核酸がミススプライスされており、前記核酸のヌクレオチド配列が、配列番号44、50または53で示されることを特徴とする、単離された核酸。
- 前記eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eが、請求項1に定義されている、請求項2に記載の単離された核酸。
- 請求項3に記載の核酸を含む、組み換えベクター。
- 請求項4に記載のベクターを含む、宿主細胞。
- ウイルス抵抗性植物を選択する方法であって、
(i)請求項1に記載の、植物真核細胞の開始因子4E(eIF4E)またはそのアイソフォーム(eIF(iso)4E)、および
(ii)野生型eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eの少なくとも1つのコピーであって、前記植物は使用することができるが、ウイルスは使用することができない、前記eIF4EまたはeIF(iso)4Eの野生型コピー、
の存在を、試験植物で、検出する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 植物においてウイルス抵抗性を誘導するための、請求項1に記載の植物真核細胞の開始因子4E(eIF4E)またはそのアイソフォーム(eIF(iso)4E)、または請求項2又は3のいずれかに記載の核酸の使用。
- ウイルス抵抗性植物を作り出す方法であって、
請求項1に記載の植物真核細胞の開始因子4E(eIF4E)またはそのアイソフォーム(eIF(iso)4E)を発現する親植物を、レシピエント植物と交配する工程を含み、
前記レシピエントが、農学的利点、商業的利点、および/またはある特定の気候または土壌への適合性からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの形質を備えることを特徴とする方法。 - トランスジェニック植物の使用を含む、請求項6又は8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ウイルスにとって非機能的である、前記選択的にスプライスされた植物真核細胞の翻訳開始因子4E(eIF4E)、またはそのアイソフォーム(eIF(iso)4E)のをコードしている、eIF4Eおよび/またはeIF(iso)4Eについて、前記植物がホモ接合である、請求項6又は8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- eIF4Eおよび/またはeIF(iso)4Eの複数のコピー/遺伝子座を有する植物でウイルス抵抗性を与えるために、こうした他の遺伝子座の各々における前記eIF4Eおよび/またはeIF(iso)4Eの対立遺伝子もやはり、前記ウイルスにとって非機能的である、請求項6又は8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記植物が、ナス科(Solanaceae)、ウリ科(Cucurbits)、アブラナ科(Cruciferous)作物、ブラッシカ種(Brassica spp)、ブラッシカ・ナプス(Brassica napus)、ブラッシカ・ラパ(Brassica rapa)、ブラッシカ・オレラセア(Brassica oleracea)、マメ科(Fabaceae)エンドウ豆、豆、豆類、またはコメ、トウモロコシ、コムギ、もしくはオオムギを含む、単子葉作物、である、請求項6又は8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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