JP6091426B2 - 鎮痛剤として有用な新規モルフィナン類 - Google Patents
鎮痛剤として有用な新規モルフィナン類 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6091426B2 JP6091426B2 JP2013546446A JP2013546446A JP6091426B2 JP 6091426 B2 JP6091426 B2 JP 6091426B2 JP 2013546446 A JP2013546446 A JP 2013546446A JP 2013546446 A JP2013546446 A JP 2013546446A JP 6091426 B2 JP6091426 B2 JP 6091426B2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/22—Bridged ring systems
- C07D221/28—Morphinans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/36—Opioid-abuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/22—Bridged ring systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Addiction (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Other In-Based Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Description
本出願は2010年12月23日に出願された米国特許出仮願第61/426,727号(参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)からの優先権を主張する。
式(I)
(i)水素、ヒドロキシル、アミノ、シアノ、およびハロゲン、ならびに
(ii)ヒドロカルビルおよびヘテロ原子含有ヒドロカルビル
から独立して選択され、(ii)の各々は非置換であるか、または置換される。
式(I)の化合物および薬学的に許容される塩が開示される。
式(I)
式(Ia)
式(Ib)
式(Ic)
式(Id)
式(Ie)
式(If)
式(II)
(III)
式(I)の化合物は未希釈の化学薬品として投与することができるが、好ましくは医薬組成物として投与される。したがって、本開示は、式(I)の化合物または薬学的に許容される塩を、少なくとも1つの薬学的に許容される担体と共に含む医薬組成物を提供する。医薬組成物は式(I)の化合物または塩を、唯一の活性剤として含んでもよく、または1つ以上の追加の活性剤を含んでもよい。
この開示は、有効量の式(I)をそのような治療の必要な患者に提供することにより、疼痛を治療および防止する(予防的治療)およびオピオイド嗜癖を治療する方法を含む。患者は非ヒト動物、例えば家畜動物またはコンパニオンアニマル(例えば、ネコ、イヌ)またはヒト患者であってもよい。予防的治療は、式(I)の化合物を、疼痛事象、例えば手術、接骨、または歯科治療の直前に投与することを含む。
下記略称が、下記反応スキームおよび実施例において使用される。このリストは、本出願において使用される略称の包括的なリストであることを意味しておらず、有機合成および疼痛生物学の当業者により容易に理解される追加の標準的略称もまた、合成スキームおよび実施例において使用され得る。
CPA 条件付け場所回避
CPP 条件付け場所嗜好性
DAMGO μオピオイド受容体選択的ペプチドアゴニスト、D−Ala−MePhe4
DPDPE δオピオイド受容体選択的ペプチドアゴニスト、Tyr−D−Pen−Gly−Phe−D−pen、[D−Pen2,5]エンケファリンとも呼ばれる
HOAc 酢酸
PC 場所条件付け
U69593 κ受容体選択的アゴニスト、N−メチル−2−フェニル−N−[(5R,7S,8S)−7−ピロリジン−1−イル−1−オキサスピロ[4.5]デカン−8−イル]アセトアミド、Cas登録番号96744−75−1
化合物5、シクロプロピル置換モルフィナンを、スキームAで示されるように調製する。レボルファノールを塩化ベンゾイルでエステル化し、アゾジカルボン酸エステルで円滑にN−脱メチル化し、中間体ヒドラジドの加水分解後、ノルレボルファノールベンゾエート(化合物1)、全てのその後の類似体調製のための開始材料を生成させる。化合物1のシクロプロピルメチルケトンによる、NaCNBH3および酢酸触媒の存在下での処理により、高収率で中間体2aのための所望のN−アルキル化が得られる。クロマトグラフィー、選択的結晶化、またはキラル酸、例えばL−酒石酸との塩形成によるジアステレオマの分離、続いて、エステル除去により、合成が完了する。化合物6および7は、2−ブタノンおよび2−ペンタノンを開始材料として使用して同様に調製することができる。ビニル類似体化合物は、別のアプローチを必要とし、これもまたスキームAに示されている。化合物1を、ラクトニトリルと縮合させ、N−2−プロピオニトリル中間体(化合物3)を生成させ、これは、その後、ビニルマグネシウムブロミドでアルキル化することができる。中間体化合物4は、異性体分離および脱エステル化後、化合物8を生じる。
[35S]GTP γSアッセイにおける結合親和性および機能活性を、文献(トール(Toll)L.ら、NIDA Res.モノグラフ(Monograph)178、薬物依存の問題に関する大学(The College on Problems of Drug Dependence)、59年次会合、pp.440−466.(1998))においてよく知られた方法により、ヒトμ、δ、およびκ受容体でトランスフェクトさせた、我々の研究室で発生させたCHO細胞由来の膜上で実施させる。結合試験は、96ウェルフォーマットにおける1mlのアリコート中、25℃での1時間のインキュベーションを用いて実施する。インキュベーションはそれぞれ、μ、δ、およびκ受容体に対し、[3H]DAMGO(51Ci/mmol、1.6nM)、[3H]Cl−DPDPE(42Ci/mmol、1.4nM)、[3H]U69593(41.7Ci/mmol、1.9nM)を含む。非特異的結合は1Mの非標識DAMGO、DPDPE、およびエチルケト−シクラゾシンを用いて決定する。
テールフリックアッセイを使用して抗侵害受容性活性を測定し、条件付け場所嗜好性(CPP)パラダイムを使用して、可能性のある乱用傾向を同定する。CPPは、乱用薬物の報酬ならびに嫌悪特性を測定するために使用されている。PC(場所条件付け)パラダイムは、古典的条件付けによる薬物効果と関連するようになる刺激の誘引的動機的特性を測定する。薬物を別個の環境において投与する。いくつかの対形成後、環境は薬物の効果と関連するようになり、よって誘引的/動機的特性を獲得する。このように、環境は、薬物の報酬特性が条件付けされた場合、キューを引き起こすアプローチ(すなわち、条件付け場所嗜好性、CPP)となる。PC(場所条件付け)パラダイムは、いくつかの利点を提供する。(1)薬物の報酬および嫌悪特性のどちらも、この手順を用いて評価することができる。(2)他の行動測定、例えば自発運動活性は、急性ならびに反復薬物投与後に評価することができる。(3)運動器および感覚器に対する薬物の非特異的効果は、行動測定に影響せず、というのも、動物は薬を使わない状態で試験されるからである。自己投与に対するこのパラダイムの他の利点は、この技術が比較的安価であり、非侵襲的であり、実施するのに技術的に簡単であることである。
テールフリック潜時を、我々が記載した各試験化合物(79、80)に対し、放射熱を使用する鎮痛機器(ストルティング(Stoelting))を用いて決定する。この機器には、テールフリック潜時を定量化し、15秒後に熱を切断し、動物の尾への損傷を防止する自動装置が備えられる。ベースライン測定に続き、動物はそれらの割り当てられた化合物(0.1から10mg/kg)の皮下注射を受け、その後、注射後10、30、60、120、および240分にテールフリック潜時に対し評価される。
%MPE=100×[(試験潜時−ベースライン潜時)/(15−ベースライン潜時)]
化合物をインビトロ活性および抗侵害受容性活性に基づき特徴づける。2日間条件付け試験を、記載されるように(クロヤン(Khroyan)TVら、J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.320:934−43(2007)およびトール、Lら、J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.331:954−64(2009))偏りのないアプローチを用いて、連続8日にわたり実施する。簡単に言うと、試験の1日に、動物にそれらの試験化合物を注射し、20分間条件付けコンパートメントの1つに閉じ込める。次の日、それらに生理食塩水を注射し、他のコンパートメントに20分間閉じ込める。全体的な活性(コンピュータにより測定)および行動(実験者により測定、下記を参考にされたい)を評価する。
最後の条件付け日の24時間後、動物をPCについて試験する。硬い仕切りを、15分間、動物が両方のコンパートメントに同時にアクセスできるように開口を含む仕切りと置換する。各コンパートメントにおいて動物が費やす時間量を記録する。動物が薬物と対にしたコンパートメントにおいて著しく多くの時間を費やした場合、これは条件付け場所嗜好性(CPP)と称せられ、これは薬物の報酬特性を反映すると考えられる。
PCデータに対し、薬物と対にしたコンパートメント−生理食塩水と対にしたコンパートメントにおいて費やされた時間量の差を計算する。これらの差スコアを、ANOVAを用い、被験者間測定としてニコチンおよび/またはTCPの用量を用いて分析する。フィッシャーLSD試験をさらに使用して、各用量の差スコアをビヒクル対照群と比較する。ANOVAは、2つの理由のために特定の薬物用量での変化を検出するのに必ずしも十分好感度ではないので、これらの比較が使用される。(1)CPP/CPAの効果量(エフェクトサイズ:effect size)が典型的には小さい、および(2)用量−応答データを用いて観察される勾配効果および変動はしばしば、無意味な主効果となり、可能性のある群差を不明瞭にする。
Claims (7)
- 下記式の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物を、薬学的に許容される担体と共に含む医薬組成物。
- 1つのジアステレオマをジアステレオマの混合物から単離する工程を含み、前記ジアステレオマの混合物は、レボルファノールを脱メチル化し、脱メチル化生成物をN−アルキル化することにより調製される、請求項1に記載の化合物を調製するための方法。
- 疼痛またはオピオイド嗜癖を治療する際に使用するための、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 疼痛またはオピオイド嗜癖を治療するための薬剤の調製における、請求項1に記載の化合物の使用。
- 前記化合物は、μ−、κ−、およびδ−オピオイド受容体の各々において10.0nM未満の結合親和性(Ki)を有する、請求項4に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物は、μ−、κ−、およびδ−オピオイド受容体の各々において30nM未満のEC50値を有する、請求項4に記載の化合物。
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