JP6058597B2 - Free type two-way clutch using pin - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is a clutch device that changes the power transmission state between the input shaft and the output shaft, in particular, the power of normal / reverse rotation from the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft, and the power transmission from the output shaft is: The present invention relates to a free type bidirectional clutch that shuts off an output shaft by idling.

  In a power transmission system that drives a mechanical device or work equipment from a drive source such as a motor, various transmission devices are used to correspond to the characteristics of the driven device. Among such transmission devices, what is called a bi-directional clutch is a power transmission from the input shaft (drive side) to the output shaft (driven side). Both forward rotation and reverse rotation of the input shaft are used as output shafts. It has a function of transmitting and blocking power transmission from the output shaft to the input shaft in the opposite direction. The bidirectional clutch includes a clutch that idles the output shaft when power transmission from the output shaft is interrupted, and is called a free type bidirectional clutch.

  As an example, the free type bidirectional clutch can be applied to an opening / closing drive device that can manually operate an electric curtain, an electric sliding door, or the like. In this case, the free type bidirectional clutch is interposed between the drive motor and the curtain winding mechanism, and the drive motor is connected to the input shaft and the winding mechanism is connected to the output shaft. When the drive motor is rotated forward and backward, the curtain can be opened and closed, and the hoisting mechanism can be operated manually with the drive motor stopped. At this time, the output shaft is idled by the bidirectional clutch. Therefore, the drive motor is not adversely affected. Such a function can also be achieved by engaging and disengaging the electromagnetic clutch. However, in order to operate the electromagnetic clutch, electric power is required, and a complicated control device for controlling electric power is also required.

As a free type two-way clutch, for example, a two-way clutch described in Japanese Patent No. 4949196 related to the idea of the present applicant is known, and this will be described with reference to FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of the free type bidirectional clutch, and FIGS. 6B and 6C are operation diagrams showing the operation thereof.
As shown in FIG. 6A, a cylindrical output member OM is rotatably disposed inside a cylindrical housing HG with a gap, and an output shaft is fixed to the output member OM. An input member IM having a long shaft portion and a short shaft portion formed by cutting an upper and lower portion having a circular cross section is fixed to the input shaft, and an intermediate portion divided in two between the output member OM and the input member IM. A member MM is disposed. A tension spring TS is provided between the two intermediate members MM so as to approach each other, and a roller RO inserted into a wedge-shaped recess is provided at the peripheral edge of the intermediate member MM with the inner surface of the output member OM. It is provided so as to face each other.

As shown in FIG. 6B, when the input member IM rotates clockwise as the input shaft rotates, the input member IM having the long shaft portion and the short shaft portion acts like a cam. The two intermediate members MM are moved in the direction of separating. Accordingly, the roller RO is in a state of being caught between the wedge-shaped recess and the inner surface of the output member OM, and the rotation of the input member IM is transmitted to the output member OM via the intermediate member MM and the roller RO. Similarly, the counterclockwise rotation of the input member IM is transmitted from the output member OM to the output shaft.
On the other hand, even if the output member OM is driven and rotated from the output shaft side, the two intermediate members MM remain in a position closer to the tension spring TS as shown in FIG. There is a gap between the RO and the inner surface of the output member OM. Therefore, the rotation of the output member OM is not transmitted to the input member IM, and the output shaft simply idles.

  In addition to the electric curtain that can be manually operated, the free type bidirectional clutch can also be applied to, for example, a paper feeding roller of a copying machine. When applied to this, the roller is used to remove jammed paper. It can be reverse rotated manually. If a free type bi-directional clutch is used, the power transmission state can be automatically controlled, and the use of electric power or the like is unnecessary as in the case of control by an electromagnetic clutch. When there is an unexpected reverse input, it is possible to protect the motor of the drive source.

Japanese Patent No. 4949196

As described above, the free type two-way clutch shown in FIG. 6 is a compact mechanical component that can reliably control power transmission. However, as described below, there is still room for improvement depending on the application. Yes.
First, in the bi-directional clutch shown in FIG. 6, power is transmitted from the input shaft to the output shaft by the engagement of the roller RO, and the input torque is shifted to the output side by friction between the roller RO and the inner surface of the output member OM. Communicated. If the frictional force on the contact surface of the roller RO is lost, torque transmission becomes impossible, and the transmission torque of the bidirectional clutch is limited by the frictional force.

Further, in order to transmit the rotation of the input shaft to the output shaft, as shown in FIG. 6B, the input member IM slightly rotates to spread the two intermediate members MM, and the roller RO is moved to the output member OM. It is necessary to contact the inner surface. The rotation of the input member IM does not immediately become the rotation of the output member OM. A so-called dead zone exists between the input member IM and the output member OM, and noise is generated with the contact of the members. Furthermore, when the driving torque of the input member IM is released, the input member IM is pushed back a little by the tension spring TS and the intermediate member MM and reversely rotates. Therefore, every time the driving torque of the input member IM is released, the zero point return is performed. Position compensation is required. For this reason, when accurate position control is performed by interposing a free type bidirectional clutch as shown in FIG. 6, the structure of the control system becomes complicated.
It is an object of the present invention to constitute a free type bidirectional clutch having a simple structure that can reliably transmit and shut off power and can solve such problems.

In view of the above problems, the present invention combines an actuator having a plurality of pins and a disk member having a hole with which the pins are in contact, and locks the input shaft and the actuator when the input shaft rotates. In addition, a simple free type bidirectional clutch is constructed by allowing the revolving motion of the actuator when the output shaft rotates. That is, the present invention
“A non-rotatable housing, an input shaft and an output shaft that are rotatable around a common rotation axis in the housing, and forward / reverse rotation from the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft, Transmission of rotation from the output shaft to the input shaft is a free type bidirectional clutch in which the output shaft is idled and shut off,
A disc member fixed to the input shaft and an actuator that revolves around the rotating shaft are installed inside the housing, and a spring that applies a restraining force to the rotation of the disc member. Provided,
The disk member is formed with a plurality of holes in the circumferential direction, and the actuator is formed with a plurality of pins extending in the axial direction so as to contact the peripheral wall of each of the holes, and has a circular cross section. Center hole is formed,
An eccentric ring having a circular cross section provided on the output shaft is fitted in the central hole portion. ''
It is a free type bidirectional clutch characterized by this.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, “a brake wheel is fitted on the input shaft adjacent to the disk member in the axial direction, and the brake wheel has a plurality of hole portions of the disk member. Is provided so that an extension portion of a pin formed on the actuator contacts the peripheral wall of the extension hole portion, and gives a restraining force to the rotation of the disk member. It is preferable that the spring is arranged in a gap between the brake wheel and the housing.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the cross section of the hole of the disk member and the cross section of the pin formed on the actuator can be made circular. Moreover, it can also be made into a square as described in claim 4.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that a disc surface formed by projecting a plurality of the pins is provided at an end portion of the actuator, and the disc surface is in contact with an end surface of the disc member. .

  In the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention, an input shaft and an output shaft that are rotatable around a common rotation shaft are installed in a non-rotatable housing, and an actuator that revolves around the common rotation shaft is provided. It is to be installed. A disk member having a plurality of holes formed in the circumferential direction is fixed to the input shaft, and a plurality of pins extending in the axial direction are provided on the actuator, and the pins are provided in the respective holes of the disk member. The actuator and the disk member are disposed so as to contact the peripheral wall of the part. A central hole with a circular cross section is formed on one side in the axial direction of the actuator, and an eccentric ring with a circular cross section provided on the output shaft is fitted into the central hole.

When the input shaft rotates, the input shaft (disc member) and the actuator are locked, and the actuator rotates integrally with the input shaft around the rotation axis of the input shaft. Since the eccentric wheel of the output shaft is fitted in the actuator, and the rotation shaft of the output shaft is common with the input shaft, the input shaft is integrated with the output shaft via the actuator. Therefore, forward / reverse rotation from the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft as it is, and the output shaft rotates at the same rotational speed in the same direction.
On the other hand, when the output shaft rotates, the actuator fitted in the eccentric ring of the output shaft moves on the circumference around the common rotation shaft, but the actuator has a plurality of axial extensions. The pins are in contact with the peripheral walls of the holes formed in the disk member of the input shaft. As a result, the actuator revolves around the common rotation axis without causing rotation, and at this time, basically, no rotational torque is applied to the disk member of the input shaft. Here, even if rotational torque acts on the disk member due to friction between parts, etc., the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention is provided with a spring that applies a restraining force to the rotation of the disk member. Is blocked. That is, even if the output shaft rotates, the actuator only revolves within the housing, the output shaft idles, and the rotation is not transmitted to the input shaft.

  In this way, in the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention, using the actuator that allows the revolving motion and the disk member, power is transmitted from the input shaft to the output shaft, and transmission in the opposite direction is Turn off the output shaft and shut off. Transmission to the output shaft is performed by bringing the actuator and the disk member into a locked state while bringing a plurality of pins and the hole of the disk member into contact with each other. It is not limited by the frictional force. Since the locked state of the actuator or the like occurs immediately when it is driven from the output shaft, there is no dead zone and position adjustment for returning to the zero point can be omitted.

Incidentally, an output take-out mechanism for bringing a pin into contact with a peripheral wall of a hole formed in a disk member is a speed reducer (refer to, for example, Japanese Patent No. 4319344) generally called a cyclo reducer (“cyclo” is a registered trademark). It is used. This speed reducer uses the planetary motion of the external gear (planetary gear body) arranged inside the fixed internal gear, and rotates while the input shaft is rotated to mesh the external gear with the internal gear. And rotate (planetary movement), take out only the rotation and decelerate. The disk-shaped external gear has a plurality of pin holes with a circular cross section, and a pin with a small diameter fixed to the output shaft is in contact with the pin hole at one point. The revolution of the external gear is absorbed by the gap between the pin and the pin hole and is not transmitted to the output shaft, and the output shaft is at a speed equal to the rotation speed of the external gear determined by the difference in the number of teeth from the fixed internal gear. Rotate.
As described above, a combination of a pin and a pin hole similar to the present invention is also used in the output extraction mechanism of the cyclo reducer. However, the cyclo reducer is merely a reducer, and is different from a free type bidirectional clutch that idles the output shaft and interrupts power transmission as in the present invention.

According to the invention of claim 2, a braking wheel is fitted to the input shaft so as to be adjacent to the disk member in the axial direction, and an extension hole portion is provided in the braking wheel to be continuous with the plurality of holes of the disk member. An extension of the pin of the actuator is in contact with the peripheral wall of the actuator, and a spring that applies a restraining force to the rotation of the disk member is disposed in the gap between the brake wheel and the housing.
In this structure, the brake wheel is separated from the disk member of the input shaft and is linked to each other via the pin of the actuator, and the brake wheel and the disk member are slightly in the circumferential direction. Can be rotated. Therefore, it is possible to correct the relative displacement between the hole of the disk member and the pin of the actuator. For example, when the rotation is stopped after the output shaft is rotated from the input shaft, a relative displacement between the hole of the disk member and the pin of the actuator occurs due to a minute dimensional error between components. When driven from the output shaft side in this state, the revolving motion of the actuator is hindered. On the other hand, according to the invention of claim 2, the relative displacement is corrected by the brake wheel, the smooth revolving motion of the actuator is ensured, and the rotation transmission to the input shaft is interrupted.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the cross-section of the hole of the disk member and the cross-section of the pin formed on the actuator are circular, and this enables smooth contact between them. In the case of the square shape as in the invention of claim 4, the contact length is increased, and the transmission torque from the input shaft to the output shaft can be increased.

  As in the invention of claim 5, when a disk surface formed with a plurality of pins protruding is provided at the end of the actuator, and this disk surface is in contact with the end surface of the disk member of the input shaft, The actuator is supported by the disc member in the thrust direction, and when the actuator revolves, tilting and swinging of the actuator shaft are prevented. As a result, stable revolving motion of the actuator is realized, and efficient operation as a free type bidirectional clutch becomes possible.

1 is a structural diagram showing a first embodiment of a free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention. FIG. It is a figure explaining the action | operation of the free type bidirectional clutch of 1st Example. It is a single figure of movable (rotation) components of the 1st example. It is a single figure of the stationary component of 1st Example. It is a structural diagram showing a second embodiment of the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the conventional free type bidirectional clutch.

  Hereinafter, the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the overall structure of a first embodiment of the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention, and FIG. 3 and 4 show the components of the free type bidirectional clutch of the first embodiment in a single state.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the free type bidirectional clutch of the first embodiment includes an input shaft 2 and an output shaft 3 disposed at the center of a fixed housing 1 having a circular cross section. The housing 1 is a cup-shaped member composed of a circumferential wall portion and an end plate portion (see also FIG. 4 as a single unit), and a disc-shaped shield body 1S that closes the inside is press-fitted into the open end portion. . The input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 have a common rotation axis o, which is the same as the central axis of the housing 1. The input shaft 2 passes through the center of the shield body 1S and is supported by the shaft, and the output shaft 3 passes through the center of the end plate portion of the housing 1 and is supported by the shaft.

As shown in the cross section BB of FIG. 1, a flange-shaped disk member 21 is integrally formed and fixed to the tip of the input shaft 2, and this disk member 21 is formed in the circumferential wall portion of the housing 1. (See also FIG. 3). The disk member 21 has five holes 21H having a circular cross section formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the holes 21H penetrate the disk member 21 in the axial direction.
In the free type bidirectional clutch of the first embodiment, as shown in the section AA, the braking wheel 4 is fitted in the shaft portion of the input shaft 2 adjacent to the disk member 21 in the axial direction, In addition, five extension holes 4H having a circular cross section that are continuous with the holes 21H of the disk member 21 are provided. The brake wheel 4 has an outer diameter slightly smaller than that of the disc member 21, and an elongated plate-like spring 5 made of spring steel is installed between the inner peripheral wall of the housing 1 so as to surround the brake wheel 4. (See also FIG. 4). The spring 5 functions as a spring that comes into contact with the braking wheel 4 at a plurality of locations and gives a restraining force to the rotation.

  In the housing 1, an actuator 6 (hatched in FIG. 1 or the like for easy understanding) is disposed to face the disk member 21 of the input shaft 2. The end of the actuator 6 forms a disk surface that comes into contact with the disk member 21, and a pin 6 </ b> P that enters the hole 21 </ b> H extends in the axial direction (see also FIG. 3). The pin 6P has a circular cross section with a diameter smaller than that of the hole 21H of the disc member 21, extends while passing through the peripheral wall of the hole 21H, and the peripheral wall of the extension hole 4H of the brake wheel 4 Also touches. Thus, the disk member 21 (and the input shaft 2) and the brake wheel 4 are linked to each other via the pin 6P of the actuator 6 that is in contact with both holes, and basically moves integrally. To do.

  A central hole 6R having a circular cross section is provided on the output shaft 3 side of the actuator 6, and an eccentric ring 3E having a circular cross section provided in the output shaft 3 is fitted in the central hole 6R. (See also FIG. 3). The center of the eccentric wheel 3E is separated from the rotation shafts o and e of the output shaft 3, and when the output shaft 3 rotates, the center of the actuator 6 (that is, the center of the eccentric wheel 3E) is centered on the rotation shaft o. It moves on the circumference of the radius e. In addition, a central shaft 3S extending toward the input shaft 2 is provided at the central portion of the output shaft 3, and the central shaft 3S passes through a through hole in the center of the actuator 6 and extends to the central portion of the input shaft 2. It fits in the formed center hole 2B. As a result, the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are in a state of bearing with each other, and the tilting or unstable operation of the shaft during rotation is prevented.

Here, the operation of the free type bidirectional clutch of the first embodiment of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
When the input shaft 2 is rotated counterclockwise (as viewed from the left in the axial direction) by the motor of the driving source, for example, as indicated by an arrow in the central longitudinal sectional view of FIG. The disk member 21 formed integrally with the actuator 6 rotates in the same direction, and the actuator 6 rotates counterclockwise around the rotation axis o through the contact between the hole 21H and the pin 6P of the actuator 6. Apply torque. That is, as the input shaft 2 rotates, the actuator 6 and the disk member 21 are integrally locked and rotate around the rotation axis o as indicated by the arrows in FIG. The rotation of the actuator 6 rotates the output shaft 3 coupled by the eccentric wheel 3E. Eventually, the input shaft 2, the actuator 6 and the output shaft 3 are integrated into a mechanical device connected to the output shaft 3. For example, the driving force is transmitted to the curtain winding mechanism.
The transmission of the driving force that locks the members between the input and output shafts such as the actuator 6 is the same even if the rotation direction of the input shaft 2 is reversed. The braking wheel 4 rotating integrally with the disc member 21 is applied with a braking torque by the spring 5, but the rotational torque of the input shaft 2 is sufficiently larger than the braking torque, and the output shaft 3 overcomes the braking torque. Rotate with.

  On the other hand, as shown by the arrow in the central longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 2B, the output shaft 3 is counterclockwise (viewed from the left in the axial direction) due to the rotational torque from the output shaft 3 side. Is rotated by the eccentric ring 3E fitted in the actuator 6, the central axis o 'of the actuator 6 moves on the circumference of the radius e. At this time, the pin 6P of the actuator 6 only moves along the peripheral wall of the hole 21H of the disk member 21, and the actuator 6 revolves without rotating. That is, all points on the actuator 6 and the pin 6P draw a locus like a small circle arrow in the CC cross section and the BB cross section in the lower diagram of FIG. 2, and exert a rotational torque on the disk member 21. Absent. The disc member 21 remains stopped by the braking torque of the spring 5 applied via the braking wheel 4, and the output shaft 3 rotates idly.

  Such an operation is similar to the operation of rotating the output shaft only by the rotation motion without rotating the output shaft in the revolution movement of the planetary gear body using the pin and the pin hole in the output take-off mechanism of the cyclo reducer. It is a thing. In the free type bi-directional clutch of the present invention, the output shaft 3 is idled even when driven from the output shaft 3 side, and the rotation is not transmitted to the input shaft 2. For example, the curtain winding mechanism connected to the output shaft 3 is driven. In such a power transmission system, the curtain can be manually opened and closed while the motor of the drive source is stopped.

In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the brake wheel 4 on which the spring 5 is placed is separated from the disk member 21 of the input shaft 2, but these basically move as a unit. You may form in. However, if these are separated, the braking wheel 4 and the disk member 21 can be slightly rotated in the circumferential direction, and the relative relationship between the hole 21H of the disk member 21 and the pin 6P of the actuator 6 is relatively small. It is possible to correct a misalignment. For this reason, when a failure occurs in the revolving motion of the actuator 6 due to a minute dimensional error between components, the relative positional deviation between the hole 21H and the pin 6P is corrected to operate. A smooth revolving motion of the child 6 can be ensured.
In the first embodiment, a disk surface from which a plurality of pins 6P protrudes is provided at the end of the actuator 6, and this disk surface is in contact with the end surface of the disk member 21 of the input shaft 2. Since the actuator 6 is supported in the thrust direction, the shaft is prevented from tilting and swinging, and an efficient operation as a free type bidirectional clutch is possible.

  FIG. 5 shows a free type bidirectional clutch according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The free type bidirectional clutch of the second embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that the cross section of the hole of the disk member and the cross section of the actuator pin are square instead of circular. Since the other configurations are the same, in FIG. 5, the components corresponding to the components in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the free type bidirectional clutch of the second embodiment includes an input shaft 2 and an output shaft 3 that are arranged at the center of the housing 1 and have a common rotation axis. A flange-shaped disk member 21 is integrally formed at the tip of the input shaft 2, and the brake wheel 4 is fitted in the shaft portion of the input shaft 2 adjacent to the disk member 21 in the axial direction. Around the brake wheel 4 is installed a spring 5 that gives a restraining force to the rotation of the disc member 21. The disc member 21 and the brake wheel 4 are provided with four holes 21H ′ and extension holes 4H ′ having a square cross section (in this embodiment, arranged so that two square tops exist in the radial direction). It is formed at equal intervals in the direction. An actuator 6 into which an eccentric wheel 3E having a circular cross section provided on the output shaft 3 is fitted is disposed so as to face the disk member 21 of the input shaft 2, and a hole 21H is provided at the end of the actuator 6. The pin 6P 'having a square cross section that enters the' and the extension hole 4H 'is formed to extend in the axial direction.

When the free type bidirectional clutch of the second embodiment is driven from the input shaft 2 side, rotational torque is transmitted through the contact between the hole 21H ′ and the like and the pin 6P ′ of the actuator 6, and the actuator 6 And the driving force is transmitted to the output shaft 3 in a state where the disk member 21 is integrated and locked. On the contrary, when rotating from the output shaft 3 side, the pin 6P ′ of the actuator 6 only moves along the peripheral wall of the hole 21H ′ of the disk member 21, and the actuator 6 rotates. The disc member 21 remains stopped by the braking torque of the spring 5 and the output shaft 3 rotates idle.
Such an operation is the same as that of the free type bidirectional clutch of the first embodiment of FIG. 1, but the hole portion 21H ′ and the pin 6P ′ of the actuator 6 are in contact with each other with a top portion that makes a right angle. The transmission torque when driving the output shaft 3 from the input shaft 2 can be increased.

  As described above in detail, the present invention combines an actuator having a plurality of pins and a disk member having a hole with which the pins are in contact, and sets the actuator or the like in a locked state when the input shaft rotates. On the other hand, a simple free-type two-way clutch is constructed by allowing the revolving motion of the actuator during rotation of the output shaft. In the above-described embodiment, the input / output shaft and the housing are directly fitted and rotatable, but a radial rolling bearing may be interposed between them. In addition, various modifications to the above-described embodiment are provided, such as providing an axial thrust bearing between the input / output shaft and the actuator or between the input / output shaft and the housing to facilitate smooth rotation of each movable part. Obviously it is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Housing 2 Input shaft 21 Disc member 21H, 21H 'Hole 3 Output shaft 3E Eccentric wheel 4 Braking wheel 4H, 4H' Extension hole 5 Spring 6 Actuator 6P, 6P 'Pin

Claims (5)

A non-rotatable housing, an input shaft and an output shaft that are rotatable around a common rotation shaft in the housing, and forward and reverse rotations from the input shaft are transmitted to the output shaft and the output The transmission of rotation from the shaft to the input shaft is a free type bidirectional clutch in which the output shaft is idled and cut off,
A disc member fixed to the input shaft and an actuator that revolves around the rotating shaft are installed inside the housing, and a spring that applies a restraining force to the rotation of the disc member. Provided,
The disk member is formed with a plurality of holes in the circumferential direction, and the actuator is formed with a plurality of pins extending in the axial direction so as to contact the peripheral wall of each of the holes, and has a circular cross section. Center hole is formed,
A free type bidirectional clutch, wherein an eccentric ring having a circular cross section provided on the output shaft is fitted in the central hole. The input shaft is fitted with a braking wheel adjacent to the disk member in the axial direction,
The brake wheel is provided with an extension hole portion that is continuous with a plurality of holes of the disk member, and an extension portion of a pin formed on the actuator is in contact with a peripheral wall of the extension hole portion. The free type bidirectional clutch according to claim 1, wherein the spring that applies a restraining force to the rotation of the disk member is disposed in a gap between the brake wheel and the housing. The free type bidirectional clutch according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a cross section of the hole portion of the disk member and a cross section of a pin formed on the actuator are circular. 3. The free type bidirectional clutch according to claim 1, wherein a cross section of the hole of the disk member and a cross section of a pin formed on the actuator are square. 4. 5. The disk according to claim 1, wherein a disk surface formed by projecting a plurality of the pins is provided at an end of the actuator, and the disk surface is in contact with an end surface of the disk member. Free type two way clutch as described in.