JP2015158238A - Simplified free type bidirectional clutch - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve a responsiveness or the like by a simple structure in a free type bidirectional clutch in which a transmission state is changed according to an orientation of power transmission between an input shaft and an output shaft.SOLUTION: An input shaft 2 and an output shaft 3 having a common rotating axis are installed within a fixed housing 1 and an actuation element 6 formed with several outer teeth 6t and a cylindrical member 5 integral with the input shaft 2 formed with inner teeth 5t having the same number of teeth as that of outer teeth are combined to each other and installed within the fixed housing. When the input shaft 2 is rotated, the actuation element 6, the cylindrical member 5 and the output shaft 3 are locked and the rotation of the input shaft 2 is transmitted to the output shaft 3. In turn, when the output shaft 3 is rotated, the center of the actuation element 6 is moved (rotated) on a periphery by an eccentric ring 3s of the output shaft 3, the actuation element 6 is not self rotated and no rotational torque does not act on the cylindrical member 5. That is, even if the output shaft 3 is rotated, the input shaft 2 is not rotated and the power transmission is shut off.

Description

  The present invention is a clutch device that changes the power transmission state between the input shaft and the output shaft, in particular, the power of normal / reverse rotation from the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft, and the power transmission from the output shaft is: The present invention relates to a simple free type bidirectional clutch that idles and shuts off an output shaft.

  In a power transmission system that drives a mechanical device or work equipment from a drive source such as a motor, various transmission devices are used to correspond to the characteristics of the driven device. Among such transmission devices, what is called a bi-directional clutch is a power transmission from the input shaft (drive side) to the output shaft (driven side). Both forward rotation and reverse rotation of the input shaft are used as output shafts. It has a function of transmitting and blocking power transmission from the output shaft to the input shaft in the opposite direction. The bidirectional clutch includes a clutch that idles the output shaft when power transmission from the output shaft is interrupted, and is called a free type bidirectional clutch.

  As an example, the free type bidirectional clutch can be applied to an opening / closing drive device that can manually operate an electric curtain, an electric sliding door, or the like. In this case, the free type bidirectional clutch is interposed between the drive motor and the curtain winding mechanism, and the drive motor is connected to the input shaft and the winding mechanism is connected to the output shaft. When the drive motor is rotated forward and backward, the curtain can be opened and closed, and the hoisting mechanism can be operated manually with the drive motor stopped. At this time, the output shaft is idled by the bidirectional clutch. Therefore, the drive motor is not adversely affected. Such a function can be achieved even when an electromagnetic clutch is used, but electric power is required to operate the electromagnetic clutch, and a complicated control device for power control is also required.

As a free type two-way clutch, for example, a two-way clutch described in Japanese Patent No. 4949196 related to the idea of the present applicant is known, and this will be described with reference to FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of the free type bidirectional clutch, and FIGS. 6B and 6C are operation diagrams showing the operation thereof.
As shown in FIG. 6A, a cylindrical output member OM is rotatably disposed inside a cylindrical housing HG with a gap, and is fixed to the output shaft. An input member IM having a long shaft portion and a short shaft portion formed by cutting the upper and lower portions having a circular cross section is fixed to the input shaft, and an intermediate portion divided into two between the output member OM and the input member IM. A member MM is disposed. A tension spring TS is provided between the two intermediate members MM so as to approach each other, and a roller RO inserted into a wedge-shaped recess is provided at the peripheral edge of the intermediate member MM with the inner surface of the output member OM. It is provided so as to face each other.

As shown in FIG. 6B, when the input member IM rotates clockwise as the input shaft rotates, the input member IM having the long shaft portion and the short shaft portion acts like a cam. The two intermediate members MM are moved in a separating direction. Accordingly, the roller RO is in a state of being caught between the wedge-shaped recess and the inner surface of the output member OM, and the rotation of the input member IM is transmitted to the output member OM via the intermediate member MM and the roller RO. Similarly, the counterclockwise rotation of the input member IM is transmitted from the output member OM to the output shaft.
On the other hand, even if the output member OM is driven and rotated from the output shaft side, the two intermediate members MM remain in a position closer to the tension spring TS as shown in FIG. There is a gap between the RO and the inner surface of the output member OM. Therefore, the rotation of the output member OM is not transmitted to the input member IM, and the output shaft simply idles.

  In addition to the electric curtain that can be manually operated, the free type bidirectional clutch can also be applied to, for example, a paper feeding roller of a copying machine. When applied to this, the roller is used to remove jammed paper. It can be reverse rotated manually. If a free type bi-directional clutch is used, the power transmission state can be automatically controlled, and the use of electric power or the like is unnecessary as in the case of control by an electromagnetic clutch. When there is an unexpected reverse input, it is possible to protect the motor of the drive source.

Japanese Patent No. 4949196

As described above, the free type two-way clutch shown in FIG. 6 is a compact mechanical component that can reliably control power transmission. However, as described below, there is still room for improvement depending on the application. Yes.
First, in the bi-directional clutch shown in FIG. 6, power is transmitted from the input shaft to the output shaft by the engagement of the roller RO, and the input torque is shifted to the output side by friction between the roller RO and the inner surface of the output member OM. Communicated. If the frictional force on the contact surface of the roller RO is lost, torque transmission becomes impossible, and the transmission torque of the bidirectional clutch is limited by the frictional force.

Further, in order to transmit the rotation of the input shaft to the output shaft, as shown in FIG. 6B, the input member IM slightly rotates to spread the two intermediate members MM, and the roller RO is moved to the output member OM. It is necessary to contact the inner surface. The rotation of the input member IM does not immediately become the rotation of the output member OM. A so-called dead zone exists between the input member IM and the output member OM, and noise is generated with the contact of the members. Furthermore, when the driving torque of the input member IM is released, the input member IM is pushed back a little by the tension spring TS and the intermediate member MM and reversely rotates. Therefore, every time the driving torque of the input member IM is released, the zero point return is performed. Position compensation is required. For this reason, when accurate position control is performed by interposing a free type bidirectional clutch as shown in FIG. 6, the structure of the control system becomes complicated.
An object of the present invention is to constitute a free type bidirectional clutch that solves such problems with a simple structure.

In view of the above problems, the present invention combines an actuator formed with a plurality of external teeth with a cylindrical member formed with the same number of internal teeth, and the actuator is locked when the input shaft rotates. In addition, a simple free type bidirectional clutch is constructed by allowing the revolving motion of the actuator during rotation of the output shaft. That is, the present invention
“A non-rotatable housing, an input shaft and an output shaft that are rotatable around a common rotation axis in the housing, and forward / reverse rotation from the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft, Transmission of rotation from the output shaft to the input shaft is a free type bidirectional clutch in which the output shaft is idled and shut off,
Inside the housing, a cylindrical member that can rotate integrally with the input shaft about the rotation shaft, and an actuator that revolves around the rotation shaft in the cylindrical member, and A spring is provided to apply a restraining force to the rotation of the input shaft.
A plurality of internal teeth are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member, and external teeth of the same number of teeth that enter the valleys of the internal teeth of the cylindrical member are formed on the actuator,
A central hole with a circular cross section is formed on one side in the axial direction of the actuator, and an eccentric ring with a circular cross section provided in the output shaft is fitted in the central hole,
The actuator can revolve around the rotation axis. ''
It is a free type bidirectional clutch characterized by this.

  The inner teeth formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member and the outer teeth formed on the actuator each have a wedge-shaped side portion, and a wedge-shaped opening angle is defined. Is preferably set to 20 ° to 160 °.

  A tooth profile plate having an outer peripheral surface having the same shape as an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member on which a plurality of internal teeth are formed is fixed to the input shaft, and the tooth profile plate is attached to the cylindrical member. The input shaft and the cylindrical member can be configured to be rotatable integrally with each other by being fitted to the inner peripheral surface. In this case, as described in claim 4, it is preferable to provide the spring for applying a restraining force to the rotation of the input shaft between the housing and the cylindrical member.

  The center hole in which the central shaft is fitted into the other central portion of the opposite surface of the input shaft and the output shaft. Is preferably formed.

  The free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention has an input shaft and an output shaft that are rotatable around a common rotation shaft in a non-rotatable housing, and a cylindrical member that can rotate integrally with the input shaft. An actuator that is housed in a housing and revolves around a common rotating shaft is installed inside the cylindrical member. A plurality of internal teeth are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member, and the external teeth having the same number of teeth that respectively enter the valleys of the internal teeth of the cylindrical member are formed on the actuator. A central hole with a circular cross section is formed on one side in the axial direction, and an eccentric ring with a circular cross section provided on the output shaft is fitted into the central hole.

When the input shaft rotates, the input shaft, the cylindrical member, and the actuator are locked, and the actuator rotates integrally with the input shaft around the rotation shaft of the input shaft. Since the eccentric wheel of the output shaft is fitted in the actuator, and the rotation shaft of the output shaft is common with the input shaft, the input shaft is integrated with the output shaft via the actuator. Therefore, forward / reverse rotation from the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft as it is, and the output shaft rotates at the same rotational speed in the same direction.
On the other hand, when the output shaft rotates, the actuator fitted in the eccentric ring of the output shaft moves (circulates) around the common rotating shaft, but the actuator has a plurality of external teeth. It is formed and combined with a cylindrical member formed with the same number of internal teeth. As a result, the actuator revolves around the common rotation axis without causing rotation within the cylindrical member, and at this time, basically, no rotational torque is applied to the cylindrical member.
Here, even if a slight rotational torque acts on the cylindrical member due to friction between parts, etc., the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention is provided with a spring that gives a binding force to the rotation of the input shaft. Is blocked. That is, even if the output shaft rotates, the actuator only revolves in the cylindrical member, and the output shaft idles and rotation is not transmitted to the input shaft.

  As described above, in the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention, power is transmitted from the input shaft to the output shaft using the actuator and the cylindrical member that allow revolving motion, and transmission in the opposite direction is performed by the output. Spin off the shaft to shut it off. Transmission to the output shaft is performed by bringing the actuator and the cylindrical member into a locked state and does not utilize frictional force, so that the transmission torque is not limited by the frictional force. Since the locked state of the actuator or the like occurs immediately when it is driven from the output shaft, there is no dead zone and position adjustment for returning to the zero point can be omitted.

  In the free type bidirectional clutch of the invention according to claim 2, the opening angles of the internal teeth formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member and the external teeth formed on the actuator are set to 20 ° to 160 °, respectively. It is made into the shape provided with the made wedge-shaped side part. As a result, the inner teeth and the outer teeth of both the members are reliably engaged with each other and do not slip or come off, so that the rotation of the input shaft is stably transmitted to the output shaft.

In the free type bidirectional clutch of the invention of claim 3, the cylindrical member in which the inner teeth are formed is a separate member from the input shaft, and the input shaft includes an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member in which the plurality of inner teeth are formed. A tooth plate having an outer peripheral surface of the same shape is fixed, and this tooth plate is fitted into the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member so that the input shaft and the cylindrical member can be rotated integrally. Is. Since the cylindrical member and the input shaft are separate members, in the free type bidirectional clutch according to the third aspect of the present invention, some movement is allowed between them. Therefore, even if there are some dimensional errors between the input / output shaft, the cylindrical member, and the actuator, the cylindrical member functions as a buffer (buffer material), and the output shaft is connected via the actuator. Smooth operation as a free-type two-way clutch can be achieved at the time of transmission of rotation transmitted to the side or when blocking in the reverse direction.
In the free type bidirectional clutch of the invention of claim 3, the cylindrical member moves slightly relative to the input shaft. However, as in the invention of claim 4, the rotation of the input shaft is restricted. By providing a spring for applying a force between the housing and the cylindrical member, excessive movement of the cylindrical member can be suppressed.

  According to the invention of claim 5, a central axis is formed on one of opposing surfaces of an input shaft and an output shaft having a common rotation axis, and a central hole is formed on the other, and the central axis and the central hole are fitted together. Is. In this way, the central shaft is supported in the central hole, and the input shaft and the output shaft can be stably supported and rotated.

1 is a structural diagram showing a first embodiment of a free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention. FIG. It is a figure explaining the action | operation of the free type bidirectional clutch of 1st Example. It is a single figure of the power transmission related component of 1st Example. It is a structural diagram showing a second embodiment of the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention. It is a single figure of the related components of the input shaft in the 2nd example. It is a figure which shows an example of the conventional free type bidirectional clutch.

  Hereinafter, the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the overall structure of a first embodiment of the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 3 shows the main components of the free type bidirectional clutch of the first embodiment in a single state.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the free type bidirectional clutch of the first embodiment includes an input shaft 2 and an output shaft 3 disposed at the center of a fixed housing 1 having a circular cross section. The housing 1 is a cup-shaped member (see also FIG. 3 which is a single view) composed of a circumferential wall portion and an end plate portion, and a disc-shaped shield body 1s that closes the inside is press-fitted into the open end portion. . The input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 have a common rotation axis o, which is the same as the central axis of the housing 1. The input shaft 2 passes through the center of the end plate portion of the housing 1 and is supported by the shaft, and the output shaft 3 passes through the center of the shield body 1s and is supported by the shaft. As shown in section AA in FIG. 1, the end plate portion of the housing 1 is provided with a shallow recess in which the C-shaped ring 4 is disposed. It functions as a spring that gives a constant restraining force against rotation.

  A cylindrical member 5 having a circular outer peripheral surface is integrally formed on the input shaft 2, and the cylindrical member 5 is rotatably fitted in a circumferential wall portion of the housing 1 (see also FIG. 3). As shown in section BB of FIG. 1, the central axis of the cylindrical member 5 coincides with the rotation axis o, and a plurality of internal teeth 5t are formed on the inner peripheral surface thereof. The end of the cylindrical member 5 opposite to the input shaft 2 is open, and the end surface abuts on the shield body 1s.

  The actuator 6 is arranged inside the cylindrical member 5, and the outer teeth 6t having the same number of teeth respectively entering the valleys of the inner teeth 5t of the cylindrical member 5 are formed on the outer periphery thereof (also in FIG. 3). reference). The operating element 6 is arranged inside the cylindrical member 5 with its central axis o 'being eccentric by the rotational axes o and e, so that it operates on the upper side in the state of section BB in FIG. While the outer teeth 6t of the child 6 come into contact with the valleys of the inner teeth 5t of the cylindrical member 5, on the lower side, the outer teeth 6t are separated from the valleys of the inner teeth 5t. In other words, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 5 in which the plurality of inner teeth 5t are formed is such that the central axis o ′ moves relatively on the circumference around the rotation axis o without causing the actuator 6 to rotate (revolution). ), The curve is based on an envelope created by the outer peripheral surface of the actuator 6 having a plurality of external teeth 6t.

  As shown in the enlarged view of the X portion of the cross section BB in FIG. 1, that is, the meshing portion where the external teeth 6 t and the internal teeth 5 t come into contact, the internal teeth 5 t formed on the cylindrical member 5 and the actuator 6 are formed. The external teeth 6t each have a wedge-shaped side portion with an opening angle α, and the opening angle α is set to 20 ° to 160 °. As described above, since the side portions of the inner teeth 5t and the outer teeth 6t are wedge-shaped, both the teeth are surely engaged with each other, and the rotation of the cylindrical member 5 is stably transmitted to the actuator 6.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a central hole 6r having a circular cross section is formed at an end of the actuator 6 on the output shaft 3 side, and a circular cross section provided in the output shaft 3 is formed in the central hole 6r. The eccentric ring 3s is fitted. The center of the eccentric ring 3s is separated by the rotation axes o and e of the output shaft 3 (see also FIG. 1). A central shaft 3p extending toward the input shaft 2 is provided at the central portion of the output shaft 3, and the central shaft 3p passes through the through hole 6h in the center of the actuator 6 and passes through the center of the input shaft 2. It fits in the central hole 2h formed in the part. As a result, the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are in a state of bearing with each other, and the tilting or unstable operation of the shaft during rotation is prevented.

Here, the operation of the free type bidirectional clutch of the first embodiment of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
When the input shaft 2 is rotated counterclockwise (as viewed from the left in the axial direction) by the motor of the driving source, for example, as indicated by the arrows in the cross section BB in FIG. The inner teeth 5t of the cylindrical member 5 formed integrally with the actuator 2 press the outer teeth 6t formed on the actuator 6 from the outside, so that the actuator 6 is rotated counterclockwise around the rotation axis o. Give. That is, the rotation of the input shaft 2 rotates around the rotation axis o in a state where the actuator 6 and the cylindrical member 5 are integrally locked. The rotation of the actuator 6 rotates the output shaft 3 coupled by the eccentric ring 3s, and eventually the driving force is transmitted to a mechanical device connected to the output shaft 3, for example, a curtain winding mechanism. The transmission of the driving force that locks the members between the input and output shafts such as the actuator 6 is the same even if the rotation direction of the input shaft 2 is reversed.

  On the other hand, when the output shaft 3 rotates clockwise (as viewed from the left in the axial direction) as shown by an arrow in the central longitudinal sectional view of FIG. The center axis o ′ of the actuator 6 moves on the circumference of the radius e centering on the rotation axis o of the output shaft 3 by the fitted eccentric ring 3s. Since the external teeth 6t of the actuator 6 enter the valleys of the internal teeth 5t having the same number of teeth formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 5 and are combined with the cylindrical member 5, the actuator 6 is a cylinder. It does not rotate (spin) within the member 5. Therefore, all the points on the actuator 6 move on the circumference of the radius e as indicated by a small circle arrow in the BB cross section in the lower diagram of FIG. Absent. Therefore, the actuator 6 revolves around the rotational axis o without exerting rotational torque on the input shaft 2.

Thus, since the actuator 6 is engaged with the cylindrical member 5 and the input shaft 2 so as to allow revolving motion, the actuator 6 remains fixed even when the output shaft 3 rotates. 5, the output shaft 3 idles and the rotation is not transmitted to the input shaft 2. For example, in a power transmission system that drives a curtain winding mechanism connected to the output shaft 3, the curtain can be manually opened and closed while the motor of the drive source is stopped.
In the free type bidirectional clutch of the embodiment of FIG. 1, a C-shaped ring 4 that comes into contact with the input shaft 2 is provided on the end plate portion of the housing 1. The C-shaped ring 4 functions as a spring that gives a constant restraining force to the rotation of the input shaft 2, and causes the input shaft 2 to rotate due to friction of a contact portion between the actuator 6 and the input shaft 2. To prevent.

  Next, a free type bidirectional clutch according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 shows the overall structure of the free type bidirectional clutch of the second embodiment, and FIG. 5 shows an input shaft, a cylindrical member, etc. that are different in structure from the components of the free type bidirectional clutch of the first embodiment. Is shown in a single state.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the free type bidirectional clutch of the second embodiment includes an input shaft 20, an output shaft 30, and a cylindrical member 50 that rotate integrally with the input shaft 20. , And an actuator 60 disposed therein. A plurality of internal teeth 50t are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 50, and external teeth 60t having the same number of teeth are formed on the outer periphery of the actuator 60. The eccentric ring of the output shaft 30 is the center of the actuator 60. It is fitted in the hole. Although these basic points are not different from those of the first embodiment of FIG. 1, in the free type bidirectional clutch of the second embodiment, the cylindrical member 50 is a separate member from the input shaft 20.

  That is, a tooth profile plate 20p having an outer peripheral surface having the same shape as the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 50 formed with a plurality of internal teeth 50t is fixed to the input shaft 20, and this tooth profile plate 20p is fixed to the cylindrical member 50. By fitting in the inner peripheral surface, the input shaft 20 and the cylindrical member 50 can be rotated in an integrated state (see also the single view of FIG. 5). As a result, some movement between the input shaft 20 and the cylindrical member 50 is allowed, so even if there is an assembly error between the cylindrical member 50, the actuator 60, and the like, the power transmission or interruption is prevented. The smooth operation of the free type bidirectional clutch can be achieved.

  Further, in the free type bidirectional clutch of the second embodiment, as shown in the BB cross section of FIG. 4, a spring 40 that applies a binding force to the rotation of the input shaft 20 is provided between the housing 10 and the cylindrical member 50. It is installed between. The spring 40 is an elongated rectangular plate spring, and is provided so as to surround substantially the entire circumference of the cylindrical member 50, and a part thereof contacts the cylindrical member 50 and the other part contacts the housing 10. In the second embodiment, the cylindrical member 50 moves relative to the input shaft 20, but the spring 40 can suppress excessive movement of the cylindrical member 50.

  As described above in detail, the free type bidirectional clutch of the present invention combines an actuator having a plurality of external teeth with a cylindrical member having the same number of internal teeth, and when the input shaft rotates, the actuator While the output shaft is rotated, power can be transmitted, and when the output shaft rotates, the revolving motion of the actuator is allowed and the output shaft is idled to constitute a free type bidirectional clutch. In the above-described embodiment, the housing and the cylindrical member are directly fitted and rotatable, but a rolling bearing may be interposed between them. In addition, various modifications to the above-described embodiment are provided, such as providing an axial thrust bearing between the input / output shaft and the actuator or between the input / output shaft and the housing to facilitate smooth rotation of each movable part. Obviously it is possible.

1, 10 Housing 2, 20 Input shaft 20p Tooth profile 3, 30 Output shaft 3s Eccentric ring 4, 40 C type ring (spring)
5, 50 Cylindrical member 5t, 50t Inner teeth 6, 60 Actuator 6t, 60t Outer teeth 6r Central hole

Claims (5)

A non-rotatable housing, an input shaft and an output shaft that are rotatable around a common rotation shaft in the housing, and forward and reverse rotations from the input shaft are transmitted to the output shaft and the output The transmission of rotation from the shaft to the input shaft is a free type bidirectional clutch in which the output shaft is idled and cut off,
Inside the housing, a cylindrical member that can rotate integrally with the input shaft about the rotation shaft, and an actuator that revolves around the rotation shaft in the cylindrical member, and A spring is provided to apply a restraining force to the rotation of the input shaft.
A plurality of internal teeth are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member, and external teeth of the same number of teeth that enter the valleys of the internal teeth of the cylindrical member are formed on the actuator,
A central hole with a circular cross section is formed on one side in the axial direction of the actuator, and an eccentric ring with a circular cross section provided in the output shaft is fitted in the central hole,
The free type bidirectional clutch, wherein the actuator is capable of revolving around the rotating shaft. The inner teeth formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member and the outer teeth formed on the actuator each have a wedge-shaped side portion, and the wedge-shaped opening angle is set to 20 ° to 160 °. The free type bidirectional clutch according to claim 1. A tooth profile plate having an outer peripheral surface having the same shape as the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member formed with a plurality of internal teeth is fixed to the input shaft, and the tooth profile plate is fitted into the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member. The free type bidirectional clutch according to claim 1, wherein the input shaft and the cylindrical member are rotatable in an integrated state. The free type bidirectional clutch according to claim 3, wherein the spring that applies a restraining force to the rotation of the input shaft is provided between the housing and the cylindrical member. The center surface is formed in one center part of the surface which the said input shaft and the said output shaft oppose, and the center hole into which the said center shaft fits in the other center part is formed. The free type bidirectional clutch according to claim 4.

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