JP6056634B2 - Power generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generator.

  Conventionally, various power generation methods have been proposed.

  For example, it has been proposed to generate power using vibrations such as walking or running a car.

  As a power generation method using such vibration, there is a magnetostrictive vibration power generation using a reverse magnetostriction phenomenon. The inverse magnetostriction phenomenon is a phenomenon opposite to the magnetostriction phenomenon.

  The magnetostriction phenomenon is a property that a magnetic material generally has, and when a magnetic field is applied to the magnetic material, the size of the magnetic material extends or contracts in the direction of the magnetic field. The extension of the magnetic body in the direction of the magnetic field is called positive magnetostriction, and the reduction of the magnetic body in the direction of the magnetic field is called negative magnetostriction.

  When a positively magnetostrictive magnetic body is extended in the direction of the magnetic field by applying a magnetic field, if a stress is applied in a direction in which the extending magnetic body is contracted, the internal magnetization of the magnetic body changes with the distortion of the magnetic body. This is because the magnetization changes so that the energy state of the distorted magnetic material is lowered. This phenomenon is an inverse magnetostriction phenomenon.

  Magnetic flux density in a specific direction inside the magnetic material due to changes in the internal magnetization of the magnetic material (effective magnetic flux density: the change in magnetic flux density that contributes to power generation is a component orthogonal to the plane that is surrounded by the coil for obtaining the induced electromotive force. Therefore, hereinafter, the magnetic flux density component that effectively contributes to power generation will be referred to as effective magnetic flux density).

  Therefore, an electromotive force is generated in the coil by arranging the coil so as to be orthogonal to the direction in which the magnetic flux density inside the magnetic body changes and applying distortion to the magnetic body to which a magnetic field is applied from the outside. This is magnetostrictive vibration power generation utilizing the inverse magnetostriction phenomenon. Here, it is not always necessary to apply a magnetic field to the magnetic material.

JP 2009-296734 A JP 2011-187793 A Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2003-518752 Special table 2008-507142 gazette

  Thus, magnetostrictive vibration power generation converts vibration mechanical energy into electrical energy. At this time, it is preferable to convert mechanical energy into electric energy more efficiently.

  In this specification, it aims at providing the electric power generating apparatus which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy efficiently.

  According to one form of the power generator disclosed in the present specification, a first coil formed of a magnetic material, and a second coil in which an electromotive force is generated by a change in magnetic flux density inside the first coil that is distorted by an external force. .

  According to one embodiment of the power generation device disclosed in the present specification, mechanical energy can be efficiently converted into electric energy.

  The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and obtained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

  Both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.

It is a figure showing a 1st embodiment of the power generator indicated in this specification. It is a figure which shows 2nd Embodiment of the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification. It is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment of the electric power generation method using the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification. It is a figure which shows the modification of 1st Embodiment of the electric power generation method using the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification. It is a figure which shows 2nd Embodiment of the electric power generation method using the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification. It is a figure which shows the modification of 2nd Embodiment of the electric power generation method using the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification. It is a figure explaining 1st Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification. It is a figure explaining 2nd Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification. It is a figure explaining 3rd Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification. (A)-(C) are figures which show other embodiment of the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification. It is a figure which shows the example in which the electric power generating apparatus disclosed by this specification was mounted in the vehicle.

  Hereinafter, a preferred first embodiment of a power generator disclosed in the present specification will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but extends to the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a power generation device disclosed in this specification.

  The power generation apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment includes a first coil 20 formed of a magnetic material, a magnetic field source 40 that applies a magnetic field to the first coil 20, and a change in magnetic flux density inside the first coil that is distorted by external force. A second coil 30 that generates electromotive force is provided.

  The first coil 20 is formed by winding a magnetic wire 21 around the hollow portion 22. The first coil 20 has a first end 20a that is magnetically connected to the magnetic field source 40, and a second end 20b opposite to the first end 20a.

  It is preferable that the first coil 20 has elasticity in order to increase the amount of deformation of the coil when subjected to an external force and to increase the amount of change in internal magnetization due to the inverse magnetostriction phenomenon. Moreover, since the first coil 20 having elasticity can be transformed to efficiently convert mechanical energy received by an external force into electric energy or thermal energy, the first coil 20 is less likely to break. In the present embodiment, the first coil 20 is a coil spring.

  The second coil 30 winds the wire 21 of the first coil 20. The second coil 30 is formed by winding a wire 31. The wire 31 has electrical conductivity, and has a first end 30a located on the first end 20a side of the first coil 20 and a second end 30b opposite to the first end 30a. The wire 31 extends while winding the wire 21 of the first coil 20 from the first end 20a of the first coil 20 toward the second end 20b. As a whole, the second coil 30 has a shape in which the wound wire 31 further extends in a coil shape.

  The electromotive force generated in the second coil 30 is taken out from the first end 30a and the second end 30b.

  The wire 31 forming the second coil 30 of the present embodiment is a conductor wire covered with an electrical insulating film. As the conductor wire, for example, a copper wire can be used.

  The magnetic field source 40 applies a magnetic field to the first coil 20. As the magnetic field source 40, for example, a permanent magnet or an electromagnet can be used. A magnetic circuit may be formed by arranging a yoke between the second end 20 b of the first coil 20 and the magnetic field source 40. The arrangement of the magnetic field source 40 is not necessarily limited to the illustrated state, and it is sufficient that a magnetic field can be applied to the magnetic material as a necessary condition. Further, in the meaning of obtaining an electromotive force, the magnetic field source 40 may be omitted.

  As described above, since the wire 21 of the first coil 20 is formed of a magnetic material, the effective magnetic flux density changes based on the change in internal magnetization (inverse magnetostriction phenomenon) when distorted by receiving an external force. Examples of the magnetic material forming the wire 21 include a ferromagnetic material, a paramagnetic material, and a diamagnetic material. However, any magnetic material causes an inverse magnetostriction phenomenon to some extent.

  Therefore, in the power generation device 10, even if the magnetic field source 40 is not provided, an electromotive force is generated in the second coil 30 due to a change in magnetic flux density generated by the first coil 20 that is distorted by receiving an external force. . In the power generation device 10 of the present embodiment, by providing the magnetic field source 40, the amount of change in the magnetic flux density generated by the first coil 20 that is distorted by an external force is increased to increase the electromotive force.

  The dimension of the first coil 20 or the diameter of the wire 21 can be set as appropriate. When the power generation device 10 is mounted on a vibrating body having a natural frequency such as a car, for example, the resonance frequency of the first coil 20 may be matched with the natural frequency of the vibrating body. By matching the resonant frequency of the first coil 20 with the natural frequency of the vibrating body, the amount of deformation of the coil due to the resonant vibration increases, and the amount of change in internal magnetization due to the inverse magnetostriction phenomenon can be increased.

  On the other hand, the resonance frequency of the first coil 20 may be set to be slightly shifted from the natural frequency of the vibrating body. When the resonance frequency of the first coil 20 is set in this manner, the first coil 20 vibrates even with vibrations other than the natural frequency of the vibrating body, so that the first coil 20 can be deformed by receiving a wide-band vibration. Become.

  The dimension of the second coil 30 or the diameter of the wire 31 is preferably set so as not to hinder the movement of the first coil 20 that is deformed by receiving an external force.

  As a material for forming the first coil 20, for example, the following materials can be used.

(1) A material which is called a giant magnetostrictive material and has a magnetostriction coefficient of several hundred ppm or more. As such a material, for example, a Tb-Dy-Fe alloy (for example, Terfenol-D), an Fe-Ga alloy (for example, Galfenol) can be used.

(2) Soft magnetic material that is not normally magnetized and magnetizes when exposed to a magnetic field. As such a material, for example, ferrite, amorphous Fe, Fe-based metallic glass, or the like can be used.

(3) Ferromagnetic shape memory alloy whose magnetization direction changes with twin deformation. For example, a NiMnAl alloy, a NiCoMnSn alloy, a NiFeGaCo alloy, a CoNiAl alloy, or the like can be used.

(4) Metaferromagnetic shape memory alloy in which the martensite dislocation point changes due to stress and the austenite phase becomes ferromagnetic. As such a material, for example, a NiCoMnIn alloy or the like can be used.

(5) A damping material that attenuates stress including vibration, and that dissipates part of the displacement energy due to the stress due to movement of the domain wall. Examples of such materials include SUS430, Fe-Al alloys, and FeCrAl. An alloy (Silentaroy) or the like can be used.

  When the first coil 20 is formed using a magnetic material including the above-described material and having ductility and can be processed into a wire, the coil is formed using the wire after the material is processed into the wire. Form. Examples of the magnetic material having ductility include SUS430, Fe—Al alloy, FeCrAl alloy, CoNiAl alloy, and the like.

  In the case of forming the first coil 20 using a magnetic material including the above-described material, which has low ductility, low mechanical strength, or a brittle material, the magnetic material is pulverized into particles or powder. It is preferable to form a mixture of the particles and resin, and mold the mixture into a coil. Examples of magnetic materials having low ductility and low mechanical strength or brittleness include Tb-Dy-Fe alloys, ferrites, NiCoMnSn alloys, and NiCoMnIn alloys. Examples of the method of turning the magnetic material into particles (or powder) include a ball mill method. Examples of the resin forming the mixture include an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, an acrylic resin, a urea resin, and a polyimide resin.

  According to the power generation device 10 of the present embodiment described above, the elastic first coil 20 expands and contracts greatly by receiving external force, so that mechanical energy can be efficiently converted into electrical energy.

  Further, in the power generation apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, when the first coil 20 receives a continuous external force such as vibration, the first coil 20 can be deformed following the received external force, so that it is possible to generate power continuously.

  Next, a second embodiment of the power generator described above will be described below with reference to FIG. For points that are not particularly described in the other embodiments, the description in detail regarding the first embodiment is applied as appropriate. Moreover, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same component.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the power generation device disclosed in this specification.

  In the power generation apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the shape of the second coil 30 is different from that of the first embodiment described above.

  The second coil 30 of the present embodiment is wound around the first coil 20 so as to pass through the hollow portion 22 of the first coil 20.

  The wire 31 forming the second coil 30 extends from the first end portion 30a so as to be folded back through the hollow portion 22, and then is again looped back through the hollow portion 22 to form a coil.

  The first coil 20 also winds the second coil 30 so as to pass through the hollow portion 32 of the second coil 30.

  The power generation apparatus 10 of the present embodiment does not include a magnetic field source, but may include a magnetic field source.

  The configuration of the first coil 20 is the same as that of the first embodiment described above.

  According to the power generation device 10 of the present embodiment described above, the same effects as those of the first embodiment are exhibited.

  Next, a preferred first embodiment of the power generation method using the above-described power generation apparatus will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  In the power generation method of the present embodiment, the power generation device 10 shown in FIG. 3 is mounted on the vibrating body 50 that vibrates. The first end 20 a of the first coil 20 is fixed to the vibrating body 50. On the other hand, the second end 20b is a free end.

  When the vibrating body 50 vibrates vertically or horizontally, the first coil 20 is deformed and an electromotive force is extracted from the second coil 30.

  When the first end 20 a is not fixed to the vibrating body 50, the first coil 20 rotates on the vibrating body 50 when an external force is received so that the coil contracts. When the first coil 20 rotates, the stress that compresses the wire 21 in the longitudinal direction decreases, so that the amount of deformation in the longitudinal direction of the wire 21 decreases, so the amount of change in internal magnetization of the first coil 20 decreases. Here, the longitudinal direction of the wire 21 is a direction in which the wire 21 extends.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first end 20a of the first coil 20 is fixed to the vibrating body 50 to prevent the first coil 20 from rotating on the vibrating body 50.

  As the vibrating body 50, for example, a vehicle such as a car or a train, or shoes can be used. The vibrating body 50 may not strictly vibrate as long as it moves up and down or left and right.

  According to the power generation method of the present embodiment described above, the first end 20a of the first coil 20 is fixed to the vibrating body 50 to prevent the first coil 20 from rotating. It can be efficiently converted to electrical energy.

  Next, a modified example of the first embodiment of the power generation method will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the first embodiment of the power generation method using the power generation device disclosed in this specification.

  In the present embodiment, the second end portion 20b of the first coil 20 is different from the first embodiment described above in that it is fixed to a stationary body 51 that is stationary. Since the second end portion 20b is fixed to the stationary body 51, it does not move. In FIG. 4, the stationary body 51 is indicated by a broken line.

  According to the power generation method of this modified example described above, the first coil 20 is deformed by the same amount as the displacement due to the movement of the vibrating body 50, so that the mechanical energy received from the vibrating body 50 can be converted into electric energy more efficiently. Can be converted.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a power generation method using the power generation device disclosed in this specification.

  The power generation method of this embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above in that a weight 60 is joined on the first coil 20.

  When the vibrating body 50 vibrates up and down or left and right, the weight 60 also moves up and down or left and right as the first coil 20 moves. However, the weight 60 moves slightly behind the movement of the vibrating body 50 due to inertia. Therefore, since the portion on the second end portion 20b side fixed to the weight 60 moves with respect to the first end portion 20a that moves while being fixed to the vibrating body 50, the deformation amount of the first coil 20 increases. To do.

  Further, even after the vibration of the vibrating body 50 is stopped, the weight 60 has the potential energy obtained by the movement of the vibrating body 50, and the first coil 20 is expanded and contracted for a while by the potential energy of the weight 60. You can continue.

  Similarly, while the vibrating body 50 is vibrating, the weight 60 extends and contracts the first coil 20 using the potential energy obtained by the movement of the vibrating body 50.

  According to the power generation method of the present embodiment described above, mechanical energy received from the vibrating body 50 can be converted into electric energy more efficiently.

  In the example shown in FIG. 5, the weight 60 has a spherical shape, but the shape of the weight 60 is not particularly limited. The weight 60 may have a shape such as a plate shape, a cubic shape, or a rectangular parallelepiped shape, for example.

  Next, a modified example of the second embodiment of the power generation method will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the second embodiment of the power generation method using the power generation device disclosed in this specification.

  In this modification, the second end of the first coil 20 is fixed to the vibrating body 50, and the weight 60 is joined to the lower side of the first coil 20, as described above. It is different from the form.

  According to this modification, the same effects as those of the second embodiment described above can be obtained.

  Next, a first embodiment of the method for manufacturing a power generation device disclosed in the present specification will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  First, as shown in FIG. 7A, a wire 21 is formed using a magnetic material that has ductility and can be processed into a wire. The wire 21 may be cold or hot extended, quenched, or annealed.

  Next, the wire 31 is wound around the wire 21 as shown in FIG.

  Here, instead of winding the wire 31 around the wire 21, the wire 21 wound with the wire 31 may be formed using a photolithography technique. Specifically, first, an insulating layer such as an oxide film is formed on the surface of the wire 21, and then a conductive layer is formed on the insulating layer using a copper plating method or the like. Next, by using a stereo photolithography technique and an etching technique, the conductive layer is patterned into a spiral shape to form a wire 31 wound on the insulating layer. Next, an insulating film is formed on the surface of the wire 31. The insulating film can be formed, for example, by performing Ni plating on the wire 31 and then oxidizing the Ni by immersing it in a chemical.

  Next, the wire 21 wound with the wire 31 is wound into a coil shape, and the power generation apparatus 10 including the first coil 20 and the second coil 30 is obtained. Heat treatment (quenching, low temperature annealing) may be performed on the power generation apparatus 10.

  Next, 2nd Embodiment of the manufacturing method of an electric power generating apparatus is described below with reference to drawings.

  First, as shown in FIG. 8A, a wire 21 is formed using a magnetic material that has ductility and can be processed into a wire. The wire 21 may be cold or hot extended, quenched, or annealed.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 8B, the wire 21 is wound into a coil shape to form the first coil 20.

  Here, the first coil 20 may be formed from a mixture of magnetic particles and resin using a molding process. For example, the first coil 20 may be formed by filling a spiral mold with a mixture of magnetic particles and a two-component mixed epoxy resin and then curing the mixture.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8C, the first coil 20 is wound so as to pass through the hollow portion 22 of the first coil 20 using the wire 31 to form the second coil 30, and FIG. The power generator 10 shown is obtained.

  Further, as illustrated in FIG. 8D, the power generator 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 may be formed by winding the wire 31 that forms the first coil 20 using the wire 31.

  Next, 3rd Embodiment of the manufacturing method of an electric power generating apparatus is described below with reference to drawings.

  First, as shown in FIG. 9A, a cylindrical body 70 is formed using a magnetic material that has ductility and can be directly processed into a cylindrical body.

  On the other hand, when a magnetic material having low ductility and low mechanical strength or brittleness is used, the cylindrical body 70 can be formed as follows. First, the magnetic material is pulverized into particles, a mixture of the particles and resin is formed, and the mixture is molded into a cylindrical body.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 9B, the cylindrical body 70 is processed using a cutting device such as a machining center to form the first coil 20. Specifically, the cylindrical body 70 is processed into a cylindrical body by forming a through-hole penetrating the center from the upper base toward the lower base, and the cylindrical body is cut into a spiral shape to be processed into a coil. . Heat treatment may be performed on the formed first coil 20.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 9C, the wire 31 forming the first coil 20 is wound using the wire 31 to form the second coil 30, and the power generator 10 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained. It is done.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 9D, the first coil 20 is wound so as to pass through the hollow portion 22 of the first coil 20 using the wire 31 to form the second coil 30, and FIG. The illustrated power generation device 10 may be formed. In the present embodiment, the magnetic body or the mixture of the magnetic powder and the resin has been described as being processed from a cylindrical shape, but the initial shape is not limited to a cylindrical shape, but a quadrangular prism, a triangular prism, a cone, a triangular pyramid, Or arbitrary solid shape may be sufficient. Of course, the outer edge shape after processing is not necessarily limited to a cylinder.

  In the present invention, the power generator according to the above-described embodiment can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, the configuration requirements of one embodiment can be applied to other embodiments as appropriate.

  For example, in each embodiment mentioned above, although the 1st coil 20 had elasticity, the 1st coil 20 does not need to have elasticity.

  When the first coil 20 does not have elasticity as described above, or when it is desired to adjust the elastic coefficient depending on the vibrating body, vibration conditions, and installation conditions although having elasticity, FIG. 10 is used below. Implementation can be performed according to the embodiment described below. In the three embodiments shown in FIG. 10, after the power generation apparatus 10 is manufactured using the manufacturing method described in this specification, or during the manufacturing, a separately prepared coiled spring 80 (so-called normal industrially) is used. The final elastic modulus is adjusted by combining (partly joining) with the spring used). The spring 80 for adjusting the elastic modulus may be installed on the outer periphery, the inner periphery, or both of the power generation device 10, and may be connected in the longitudinal direction of the power generation device 10 in some cases. In the three embodiments shown in FIG. 10, there is an advantage that when the natural frequency of the power generation device 10 is adjusted to a desired value, the property value of the material of the power generation device can be adjusted without changing.

  In the power generation device 10 illustrated in FIG. 10A, the spring 80 is disposed outside the first coil 20, and the first coil 20 and the spring 80 are joined by a plurality of joining portions 81.

  In the power generation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 10B, the spring 80 is disposed in the hollow portion inside the first coil 20, and the first coil 20 and the spring 80 are joined by a plurality of joining portions 81.

  In the power generation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 10C, the spring 80 is disposed on the first end 20a side of the first coil 20, and the spring 80b is disposed on the second end 20b side of the first coil 20. . The first coil 20 and the spring 80a are joined by a plurality of joining portions 81a. The first coil 20 and the spring 80b are joined by a plurality of joining portions 81b.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the power generation device disclosed in this specification is mounted on a vehicle.

  In FIG. 11, the power generation device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a suspension 93 of a vehicle 90. The axle 91 to which the wheel 92 is attached is connected to the vehicle main body 90 a via the suspension 93. The suspension 93 is deformed so as to follow the vertical movement of the wheel 92 to reduce vibration transmitted to the vehicle main body.

  The power generation apparatus 10 is used as a spring of a suspension 93 that is a spring-type shock absorber. The first coil 20 is disposed outside a damper 93a such as a pneumatic type or a hydraulic type. When the first coil 20 is deformed following the vertical movement of the wheel 92, the magnetic flux density inside the first coil 20 changes, and an electromotive force is generated in the second coil 30.

  As described above, the power generation device 10 is installed on the suspension 93 to absorb vibration during traveling of the vehicle 90 and convert vibration energy into electric energy. In addition to being able to absorb vibration more, it is possible to harvest electrical energy by converting energy that has been released as heat into electrical energy.

  All examples and conditional words mentioned herein are intended for educational purposes to help the reader deepen and understand the inventions and concepts contributed by the inventor. All examples and conditional words mentioned herein are to be construed without limitation to such specifically stated examples and conditions. Also, such exemplary mechanisms in the specification are not related to showing the superiority and inferiority of the present invention. While embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Electric power generating apparatus 20 1st coil 20a 1st edge part 20b 2nd edge part 21 Wire material 22 Hollow part 30 2nd coil 30a 1st edge part 30b 2nd edge part 31 Wire material 32 Hollow part 40 Magnetic field source 50 Vibrating body 51 Stationary body 60 Weight 70 Cylinder 80, 80a, 80b Spring 81, 81a, 81b Joint 90 Vehicle 90a Vehicle body 91 Axle 92 Wheel 93 Suspension 93a Damper

Claims (5)

A first coil formed by winding a magnetic wire ;
A second coil that winds the wire and generates an electromotive force due to a change in magnetic flux density inside the first coil that is distorted by an external force;
A coil-like spring having elasticity and being arranged inside or outside the first coil and joined to the first coil by a plurality of joints;
A power generator comprising: The power generator according to claim 1, wherein the first coil has elasticity. Said first coil, the power generation device according to claim 1 or 2 is formed by a mixture of particles and the resin of the magnetic material. Generator according to any one of claim 1 to 3, comprising a magnetic field source for applying a magnetic field to the first coil. The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the second coil is formed by winding a conductor wire covered with an electrical insulating film.

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