JP6030956B2 - 胃腸管の異常の診断に使える情報を提供する方法と機器 - Google Patents
胃腸管の異常の診断に使える情報を提供する方法と機器 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2009年8月5日に出願された米国仮出願番号61/231,350を基礎とする優先権を主張し、参照により、ここに記載されているものと見なし、その全体を取り込むものとする。
(技術分野)
本発明は、いくつかの実施形態で示したように、胃腸管の医用診断に関し、特に、胃腸管の異常(胃腸管異常)の診断に有用な情報を提供する方法と機器に関するものである。
(a)生体哺乳動物の胃腸管の部位を、胃腸管内腔から外部に向かって照射するインビボのステップと、
(b)胃腸管部位の画像そのもの取得をすることなしに、少なくとも1つの特定波長の、胃腸管部位から反射された光の、強度を測定するステップと、
(c)部位における潜在的な胃腸異常を示唆する光の強度に関する情報を提供するステップ(いくつかの実施形態では、測定された強度は乱反射光の強度である)から成ることを特徴とする。
(a)デバイス軸、本体部、遠位端部、近位端部を有する経口型ケースと、
(b)上記ケースの内側に設けられた、光をハウジングの照射器窓を通して放射状に外に発射するように構成されている照射機器と、
(c)ケースの内側に設けられた関連検出器窓を通過する少なくと1つの特定波長の光の強度を測定するように構成されている(但し画像は取得しない)光検出アセンブリとから成ることを特徴とするものである。
(a)光を発射するための光源と、
(b)ディフィーザ軸、第一表面、第二表面とを有する放射ディフィーザと、中心ディフィーザと同軸で実質的に円形である円周外部エッジとから成ることを特徴としており、上記光源は、光を上記の放射ディフィーザ内に発射するようになっており、光源から放射ディフィーザ内に発射された光の少なくとも一部は、この円周エッジを通して放射状に外部に向かって放射されるようになっている。
(a)生体哺乳類(ヒトまたは非ヒト哺乳類)の胃腸管の部位を、光でインビボで照射するステップ(ここで照射光は、内部の胃腸管管腔から外部に向かう光である)、
(b)胃腸管部位の画像を取得することなく、光が胃腸管部位から(乱)反射された後に、少なくとも1つの特定波長の光の強度を測定するステップ、
(c)部位における潜在的な胃腸管異常を示唆している光の強度に関連する情報を、例えば、医療専門家に提供するステップから成る。
a)機器軸、本体部分、遠位端および近位端を有する経口ケースと
b)このケースの内部には、ハウジングの照射器窓を通して放射状に外部に光を照射する照射器が配置されており、胃腸管壁(例えば、腸壁)の部位に照射するが、経口機器は、ここを通過して腸壁に接触することになる。
これらとは対照的に、いくつかの実施形態では、腸管の任意の部位からの特定波長の光の強度を、異なった物理的位置、つまり、異なった光検出アセンブリの位置から測定している。いくつかの実施形態では、少なくとも2つの波長域での光の強度を、この機器の別の位置から測定している。いくつかの実施形態によれば、この機器とは実質的に別の異なった検出器を使って、少なくとも2つの波長の光の強度を測定している。この機器についてのいくつかの実施形態では、光検出器アセンブリには、構造の簡単な光センサの一次元アレイが含まれている。このような機器を使うことで、比較的小さな腸管の部位からの光を特定波長域で見ることができ、その測定時間も比較的短い。
実質的に軸を有する円錐部と、
表面が周期的な形状部、とから成り
この表面部と周期的形状部は、この回折格子が分光素子として機能するように、波長により変化する角度で、実質的には、軸の一般方向に対して垂直に衝突する光を反射するようになっている。いくつかの実施形態では、この周期的な形状部は、リング状のスリットで表面が円錐である。いくつかの実施形態では、この形状部はリング状のリッジであり、表面が円錐である。いくつかの実施形態では、その表面は実質的に円錐形である。いくつかの実施形態では、回折格子は、実質的に円錐台である。
図8Eには、検出器窓20からの距離の違いが原因となった強度の変化は類似しており、例えば、パイプ・シュミレーション数学を使ってバーチャル画像を作成できる。
例1:正常組織と異常組織からの光の乱反射における波長依存性
本発明の経口機器使用のシュミレーションにより、血管の腸異常と侵襲性腺癌からの光の乱反射の波長依存性と、正常腸粘膜からの光の乱反射の波長依存性について検討した。
本発明の経口機器使用のシュミレーションにより、侵襲性腺癌の部位からの乱反射と正常腸粘膜からの乱反射を、対比させて、実験した。
例3:正常組織と異常組織からの光の乱反射における波長依存性
本発明の経口機器の使用をシュミレーションして、多様な腸の異常部位からの乱反射の波長依存性について正常な腸粘膜との比較を行った。
Claims (8)
- 胃腸管異常の診断に使える情報を提供するために有用な経口機器であって、
(a)筒状部と、該筒状部の両端に形成される流線形の遠位端及び近位端と、該筒状部の中心を通る機器軸と、を有する経口ケースと、
(b)前記ケースの内部にあって、照射窓を通して放射状に外側に向かって光を照射する照射器と、
(c)前記ケースの内部にあって、前記照射器により照射され、前記胃腸管の一部からの反射後に、前記照射窓に近接して設けられる検出器窓を通過する、少なくとも1つの特定波長の光の強度を、画像を取得することなく、測定する、少なくとも一個の光検出アセンブリと、
から成り、前記照射器は、
光を照射する光源と、
前記機器軸に一致するディフィーザ軸と、該ディフィーザ軸に直交する方向に形成されて互いに対向する第1表面及び第2表面と、該ディフィーザ軸を中心とした円周状の外部エッジと、を有する放射ディフィーザと、
を備え、前記光源は、光を前記放射ディフィーザ内に光を照射するようになっており、該光源から前記放射ディフィーザに照射された前記光の一部分は、前記外部エッジを通って放射状に外部に向かって放射され、前記照射器は、前記機器軸の周りに360度の角度で光を照射することを特徴とする経口機器。 - 前記照射器と前記照射窓が、前記機器軸に垂直に光を照射する構造であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記照射窓は、前記特定波長の光を透過させる材料で構成されており、前記放射ディフィーザは、リングとディスクの群から選択された形状を有していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の機器。
- 少なくとも2個の前記光検出アセンブリを有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の機器。
- 少なくとも一個の前記光検出アセンブリは、前記検出器窓を透過する、少なくとも1つの前記特定波長を有する光の強度を測定するようになっていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の機器。
- 前記光検出アセンブリは、ピクセル型光検出器アレイであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の機器。
- 前記光検出器アレイのピクセルが、前記検出器窓と向き合っていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の機器。
- 前記機器が、少なくとも2つの特定波長の光の強度を異なった光検出アセンブリを使って測定するようになっていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の機器。
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