JP6020988B2 - Hydroelectric generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroelectric generator, and more particularly to a simple hydroelectric generator that is relatively small and easy to install.

  Japan now has a strong demand for measures to address the nationwide power shortage caused by the accident at the nuclear power plant that originated in the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011. As one of the countermeasures, there is a great expectation for safe and environmentally friendly renewable energy. Above all, the established hydropower generation is being reviewed. Hydroelectric power generation can be operated 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and has the advantage that it is relatively insensitive to the weather. On the other hand, since the power generation capacity is increased by using the potential energy of water as the height difference is larger, a certain level difference is required, and the place where it can be installed is limited.

  Therefore, so-called micro hydroelectric power generation that can be installed in rivers, irrigation canals, and the like and has a power generation amount of about 1 kW or less has attracted attention (for example, see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). According to the hydroelectric generator disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is said that hydroelectric power generation can be performed with a relatively small water flow without actively using a water drop.

  In addition, according to the small hydroelectric generator disclosed in Patent Document 2, it is possible to generate electricity by simply submerging it in the river along the water flow, and it can be disposed and used stably without harming nature. It is said that it can operate regardless of fluctuations in water level.

Japanese Patent No. 4022244 Utility Model Registration No. 3143189

  However, installation work for general hydroelectric power generation facilities is extremely large, and the situation remains the same even for small-scale hydroelectric power generation. . For this reason, the cost burden for installation was large and had become the hindrance of the spread.

  In this regard, according to the hydroelectric generator and the small hydroelectric generator disclosed in Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2, it can be installed relatively easily in a river, and it is considered that the installation cost can be reduced. However, there is a need for a compact hydroelectric generator with higher power generation efficiency.

  The present invention has been made to solve such conventional problems. A main object of the present invention is to provide a hydroelectric power generator that does not require a height difference and is easy to install and has high power generation efficiency.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention is a hydroelectric power generation device arranged in a water stream such as a river, and the hollow cylindrical water guide pipe 2 arranged in parallel with the water flow V in the water stream, Inside the water conduit 2, a rotating shaft 4 that is supported in parallel with the water flow V via a bearing 3, a water wheel 6 that is fixed to the rotating shaft 4 and includes a plurality of blades 5, and fixed to the rotating shaft 4. Sprocket 7, chain 8 hung on the sprocket 7, generator 9 interlocked with the rotation of the sprocket 7 via the chain 8, frame body 10 for fixing the water conduit 2, and the frame body 10, and includes an arm 11 for fixing the generator 9, and a fixing means 12 for fixing the frame 10 so as not to flow in a state where the frame 10 is disposed in a water stream, While submerging the frame 10 in a water flow Wherein the generator 9 which is fixed to the arm 11 is arranged so as to be positioned on the water surface, the frame member 10, and secured to the river shore through the fixing unit 12, the sprocket 7, A plurality of openings 7 c are provided between the periphery and the rotating shaft 4 .

  Moreover, the hydroelectric generator of the present invention is characterized in that the fixing means 12 includes a wire 14 that can be locked to a wedge 13 driven into a riverbank.

  Furthermore, in the hydroelectric generator of the present invention, a plurality of the water turbines 6 are fixed to the rotating shaft 4, and the plurality of blades 5 provided in each of the water turbines 6 are fixed to the rotating shaft 4 at a constant pitch. In addition, the mounting position of the blade 5 is offset between the adjacent water turbines 6.

  In the hydroelectric generator according to the present invention, the number of the blades 5 is 2 to 5.

  Furthermore, in the hydroelectric generator of the present invention, a plurality of the water conduits 2 are adjacently fixed to the frame body 10 and are fixed to the rotary shafts 4 that are pivotally supported inside the water conduits 2. The sprocket 7 is disposed on the same plane, and is configured to drive the generator 9 through the common chain 8.

  According to the configuration of the hydroelectric generator of the present invention, the hydroelectric generator can be unit-type, assembled in advance at a factory or the like, transported to a construction site such as a river, and submerged, and then fixed by fixing means. That is, the construction cost is extremely simple and large-scale civil engineering work is unnecessary, so that the installation cost can be greatly reduced.

  In addition, since the fixing means according to the hydroelectric generator of the present invention includes a wire, it can be fixed to a land wedge with a wire, so that the frame body can be easily fixed.

  Moreover, according to the structure of the water turbine which concerns on the hydroelectric generator of this invention, it will line up in the state from which each blade | wing with which the water turbine adjacent to the flow direction of a water flow was shifted | deviated. That is, by changing the mounting position of the blades that receive the water flow between adjacent water turbines, the water flow can be received efficiently, so that the rotational torque can be increased and the power generation efficiency can be improved.

  Furthermore, by setting the number of blades included in the water turbine according to the hydroelectric power generation device of the present invention to 2 to 5, the turbine wheel is well balanced and can receive a water flow efficiently, and the blade is on the rotating shaft side. It is possible to sufficiently secure the strength of the mounting portion.

  Further, a plurality of water guide pipes in the hydroelectric generator of the present invention are fixed to the frame adjacent to each other, and the sprockets fixed to the rotating shafts pivotally supported inside the water guide pipes are arranged on the same plane, Driving the chain with a plurality of water turbines can increase rotational torque and increase power generation. In particular, if a plurality of rows of water turbines are arranged according to the river width, etc., hydroelectric power generation utilizing the water flow to the maximum extent becomes possible.

It is a top view which shows the state which installed the hydraulic power unit which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a horizontal sectional view of the hydroelectric generator of FIG. It is the perspective view which looked at the hydroelectric generator of Drawing 1 from the front side. It is the perspective view which looked at the hydroelectric generator of Drawing 1 from the back side. It is a front view of the hydroelectric generator of FIG. It is the vertical sectional view seen from the side of the hydroelectric generator of Drawing 1. It is a rear view of the hydroelectric generator of FIG. It is a front view which shows the hydraulic power unit which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is the vertical sectional view seen from the side of the hydroelectric generator of Drawing 8. It is a rear view which shows the hydraulic power unit which concerns on Example 3 of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below exemplifies a hydroelectric generator for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the hydroelectric generator as follows. In addition, the member shown by the claim is not what specifies the member of embodiment. In particular, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the constituent members described in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only to the description unless otherwise specified. It's just an example. Note that the size, positional relationship, and the like of the members shown in each drawing may be exaggerated for clarity of explanation. Furthermore, in the following description, the same name and symbol indicate the same or the same members, and detailed description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. Furthermore, each element constituting the present invention may be configured such that a plurality of elements are constituted by the same member and the plurality of elements are shared by one member, and conversely, the function of one member is constituted by a plurality of members. It can also be realized by sharing. In addition, the contents described in some examples and embodiments may be used in other examples and embodiments.
Example 1

  A hydroelectric generator 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown in FIGS. In these drawings, FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a state in which the hydroelectric generator 1 is installed, FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the hydroelectric generator 1, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the hydroelectric generator 1 as seen from the front side. 4 is a perspective view of the hydroelectric generator 1 as seen from the back side, FIG. 5 is a front view of the hydroelectric generator 1, FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view as seen from the side of the hydroelectric generator 1, and FIG. It is a rear view.

  As shown in these drawings, for example, the hydroelectric generator 1 according to the first embodiment arranged in a water flow such as a river R has a hollow cylindrical water conduit 2 arranged in parallel with the water flow V in the water flow. And a rotating shaft 4 that is supported in parallel with the water flow V via the bearing 3 inside the water conduit 2, a water wheel 6 that is fixed to the rotating shaft 4 and includes a plurality of blades 5, and fixed to the rotating shaft 4. The sprocket 7, the chain 8 hung on the sprocket 7, the generator 9 interlocked with the rotation of the sprocket 7 through the chain 8, the frame 10 for fixing the water conduit 2, and the frame 10 protruding. An arm 11 for fixing the generator 9 and a fixing means 12 for fixing the frame body 10 so as not to be flowed in a state where the frame body 10 is disposed in the water flow are configured.

  In the hydroelectric generator 1 according to the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, two hollow cylindrical water guide pipes 2 are arranged so that the longitudinal direction thereof is parallel to the water flow V and the water flow Two are fixed to the frame 10 in a state of being parallel to each other in a direction orthogonal to V. The frame body 10 is fixed to the riverbank so as not to be flowed by the water flow V by the fixing means 12 to be described later. In order to further prevent the hydroelectric generator 1 including the frame body 10 from flowing out, Measures such as giving the body 10 a certain amount of weight and adding a weight, a heel or the like as necessary are also effective.

  The rotating shaft 4 is rotatably disposed inside the water conduit 2 via bearings 3 disposed at the front end portion and the rear end portion thereof. Here, the rotation shaft 4 is disposed inside the water guide tube 2 so that the axis thereof coincides with the axis of the water guide tube 2. That is, the rotating shaft 4 is rotatably supported in parallel with the water flow V.

  A plurality of water turbines 6 having a plurality of blades 5 are fixed to the rotating shaft 4. In the hydroelectric generator 1 according to the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, the water turbine 6 includes four blades 5, and these four blades 5 are each provided on the rotating shaft 4. Are evenly arranged at a constant pitch. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, three water turbines 6 are fixed along the axis of the rotating shaft 4 for one rotating shaft 4. At this time, each water turbine 6 is fixed to the rotating shaft 4 in a state where the attachment position of the blade 5 provided in each water turbine 6 is offset between the adjacent water turbines 6 and 6. That is, as shown in FIG. 2 and the like, the attachment position of the blade 5 provided in the water turbine 6 fixed to the rotating shaft 4 is offset between the adjacent water turbines 6 and 6 so that the water flow V is adjacent to the flow direction. The blades 5 included in the water turbines 6 and 6 are arranged in a shifted state. Since the water flow V can be received efficiently by changing the mounting position of the blade 5 that receives the water flow V between the adjacent water turbines 6, 6, the rotational torque can be increased and the power generation efficiency can be improved. Can do.

  Although the number of blades 5 provided in the water wheel 6 is not limited, it is particularly preferable that 2 to 5 blades 5 are evenly arranged with a constant pitch with respect to the rotating shaft 4. If only one blade 5 is disposed on the water turbine 6, the water flow V cannot be received efficiently, and the balance during rotation of the water turbine 6 also deteriorates. On the other hand, when six or more blades 5 are arranged, the size of each blade 5 is small, and thus the water flow V cannot be received efficiently. Furthermore, since the size per blade 5 is reduced, it is difficult to sufficiently secure the strength of the attachment portion of the blade 5 on the rotating shaft 4 side. Therefore, preferably 2 to 5 blades 5 are provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, sprockets 7 are fixed to the rear ends of the two rotary shafts 4, and these sprockets 7 and 7 are arranged on the same plane. A chain 8 is bridged between these sprockets 7 and 7 and a small sprocket 16 attached to a rotating shaft 15 of a generator 9 which will be described later, and the rotation of the sprockets 7 and 7 is transmitted through the chain 8 to the generator. 9 will be transmitted. The sprocket 7 according to the hydroelectric generator 1 of the first embodiment is provided with a large number of openings 7c in portions other than the tooth portions 7a and the boss portions 7b. By providing a large number of openings 7 c in the sprocket 7, it becomes difficult to obstruct the water flow V flowing in the water conduit 2, and the water flow V can be efficiently sent out of the water conduit 2.

  As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, the frame 10 to which the water guide pipe 2 is fixed is provided with an arm 11 that protrudes upward, and the generator 9 is fixed to the upper end of the arm 11. Has been. Various known rotary generators can be used as the generator 9, and the generator 9 is not particularly limited, but the generator 9 according to the hydroelectric generator 1 of the first embodiment is preferably provided with waterproofness. . For example, various generators that can operate even when exposed to wind and rain have been developed, such as a generator for wind power generation, and these can be suitably used. A chain 8 is bridged between the small sprocket attached to the rotating shaft 15 of the generator 9 and the sprockets 7 and 7 fixed to the rotating shafts 4 and 4, and the rotational force of the rotating shafts 4 and 4 is Is transmitted to the generator 9 via the chain 8. In addition, it is preferable that the sprockets 7 and 7 and the small sprocket 16 increase the sprocket rotation ratio so as to increase the rotation speed of the generator 9 in terms of increasing the power generation efficiency. In order to keep the tension of the chain 8 constant, it is more preferable that a tension sprocket 17 is interposed between the sprocket 7 and the small sprocket 16.

  The frame body 10 to which the water guide pipe 2 and the arm 11 are attached includes a fixing means 12. The fixing means 12 is not particularly limited as long as the frame body 10 can be fixed to a riverbank or the like so that the frame body 10 is not washed away by the water flow V. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, it may be a wire 14 that can be locked to a wedge 13 installed on both banks of the river R, or a fixing means 12 such as a chain 19.

  Further, the frame 10 according to the hydroelectric generator 1 of the first embodiment is provided with a guide plate 18 for efficiently and positively guiding the water flow V into the water guide pipe 2. The guide plate 18 is formed in a letter C shape with the tip end widened so as to expand toward the side where the water flow V flows in. In addition, when installing the hydroelectric generator 1 in water currents, such as a river, it is preferable to position the lower side 18a of the guide board 18 so that it may contact | connect a river bottom or may be approached as much as possible. As a result, it is possible to avoid a situation where the water flow V escapes below the water guide pipe 2, and to efficiently and positively guide the water flow V into the water guide pipe 2 to improve power generation efficiency. In addition, if the water flow V escapes below the water conduit 2, the hydroelectric generator 1 including the water conduit 2 may be lifted, which may make it difficult to perform stable power generation. In order to stably install in a water stream such as a river, the lower side 18a of the guide plate 18 is preferably positioned so as to be in contact with the river bottom or as close as possible.

  According to the hydroelectric generator 1 of the first embodiment having the above configuration, power can be generated efficiently as follows. First, the frame body 10 to which the water guide pipe 2 is fixed is submerged in the water flow of the river R and locked to the wedges 13 installed on both banks of the river R by the wire 14 and the chain 19 which are the fixing means 12. At this time, the generator 9 fixed to the arm 11 protruding upward from the frame body 10 is disposed so as to be positioned on the water surface.

  A water flow V guided by the guide plate 18 flows into the water conduit 2 related to the hydroelectric generator 1 submerged in the water flow. Then, the water wheel 6 is rotated by the water flow V flowing into the water guide pipe 2, and the rotation of the water wheel 6 is transmitted to the sprocket 7 via the rotating shaft 4. When the sprockets 7 and 7 rotate, this rotation is transmitted to the small sprocket 16 attached to the rotating shaft 15 of the generator 9 via the chain 8, and the rotating shaft 15 of the generator 9 is rotated by rotating the small sprocket 16. It rotates and is generated by the generator 9.

  In addition, the electric power generated by the generator 9 is charged to the power storage device 21 provided on the riverbank. This electric power can be used, for example, as a power source for a crime prevention light in a mountainous area, an electric fence for measures against damage to birds and animals, or for private power generation or for disaster countermeasures.

  As described above, according to the hydroelectric generator 1 according to the first embodiment, the hydroelectric generator 1 is unit-united, assembled in advance in a factory, and then transported to a construction site such as a river R and fixed after being submerged. It can be fixed by means 12. That is, the construction cost is extremely simple and large-scale civil engineering work is unnecessary, so that the installation cost can be greatly reduced.

Moreover, since the wire 14 and the chain | strand 19 are applied to the fixing means 12 which concerns on the hydroelectric generator 1 of this Example 1, since it can fix easily to the wedge 13 of a riverbank with the wire 14 etc., the fixing work of the frame 10 Is very easy to do.
(Example 2)

  As mentioned above, although the hydroelectric generator 1 which concerns on Example 1 of this invention was explained in full detail, embodiment of this invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the hydroelectric generator 1a according to the second embodiment of the present invention removes various kinds of dust such as driftwood pieces and fallen leaves in front of the guide plate 18 included in the hydroelectric generator 1a. A net 20 having a certain size is installed. By installing this net 20 in front of the guide plate 18 and covering the opening of the water guide pipe 2 with the net 20, it is possible to avoid the inflow of dust into the water guide pipe 2, reducing the power generation efficiency, the water wheel 6, the sprocket 7, etc. Can be easily prevented. In addition, the shape of the net | network 20 is not specifically limited, Even if it is a flat net | network, it is possible to remove the dust in a water flow. However, as shown in FIG. 9, the shape of the net 20 is tapered from the lower side 18a and the upper side 18b of the guide plate 18 toward the center so that the center protrudes forward of the guide plate 18. By making the vertical cross-sectional shape to be a dogleg shape, various kinds of dust are less likely to be caught on the net 20, and a decrease in the inflow amount of the water flow V into the water conduit 2 can be prevented. The illustrated net 20 is formed so as to taper from the vertical direction toward the center, and the longitudinal cross-sectional shape is a dogleg shape. For example, the shape is tapered from the left-right direction toward the center. By forming so that the cross-sectional shape in the horizontal direction may become a cross-sectional shape like a square.

  In addition, it is preferable that the angle α of the protruding central portion of the net 20 is in the range of 30 degrees to 150 degrees. When the angle α exceeds 150 degrees, the mesh 20 becomes substantially flat, and various kinds of dust block the mesh 19, making it difficult to efficiently guide the water flow V into the water conduit 2. On the other hand, when the angle α is less than 30 degrees, the center portion projects too far forward of the guide plate 18 and the installation area of the hydroelectric generator 1a increases.

In the hydroelectric generator 1 according to the first embodiment, the three turbines 6 are fixed to one rotary shaft 4. However, the number of installed turbines 6 is not particularly limited, and the hydroelectric generator is not particularly limited. It is possible to increase or decrease appropriately according to the installation location of the. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, if a sufficient installation location can be secured in the direction of the water flow V in the river R, the rotating shaft 4 is lengthened, and a number of water turbines 6 are increased depending on the length of the rotating shaft 4 (see FIG. 9). 9 may be fixed). By increasing the number of water turbines 6, the water flow V can be received by more blades 5, and the power generation efficiency can be further improved.
(Example 3)

  In the hydraulic power generation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment and the hydroelectric power generation apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment, both of the water conduits 2 are in the form of two. The number, in other words, the number of rows of water turbines 6 is not limited to these. For example, as in the hydroelectric generator 1b shown in FIG. 10, three or more water conduits 2 are provided in parallel according to the river width and flow rate of the river R, the required torque, and the like, and the rotary shafts 4 respectively disposed therein. It can also be set as the structure which provides the water turbine 6 in this. Here, the sprocket 7 fixed to the rotating shaft 4 disposed in each water conduit 2 is disposed on the same plane, so that the generator 9 can be driven via the common chain 8. . That is, driving the chain 8 with a plurality of water turbines 6 can increase the rotational torque and increase the amount of power generation. In particular, if a plurality of rows of water turbines 6 are arranged according to the river width of the river R, etc., hydroelectric power generation using the water flow V to the maximum is possible.

  Although various embodiments of the hydroelectric generator of the present invention have been described in detail above, the hydroelectric generator of the present invention can be implemented in still other embodiments. For example, the material of the frame 10, the rotary shaft 4, the water wheel 6 and the like constituting the hydroelectric generator of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is more preferable to use stainless steel having excellent water resistance and rust prevention properties. Moreover, although the material of the water conduit 2 is not particularly limited, it is preferably made of hard vinyl chloride from the viewpoints of cost and ease of installation.

  In any of the embodiments, the water turbine 6 is provided with a plurality of independent blades 5. However, instead of this, a spiral blade having a constant constant twist angle may be used. is there.

  The hydroelectric generator according to the present invention can be suitably used for micro hydroelectric power generation and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a, 1b ... Hydroelectric power generation device 2 ... Water guide pipe 3 ... Bearing 4 ... Rotating shaft 5 ... Blade 6 ... Water wheel 7 ... Sprocket; 7a ... Tooth part; 7b ... Boss part; Machine 10 ... Frame 11 ... Arm 12 ... Fixing means 13 ... Wedge 14 ... Wire 15 ... Generator rotating shaft 16 ... Small sprocket 17 ... Tension sprocket 18 ... Guide plate, 18a ... Lower side of guide plate, 18b ... Guide plate Upper side 19 ... Chain 20 ... Net 21 ... Power storage device R ... River; V ... Water flow

Claims (5)

A hydroelectric generator (1) placed in a stream such as a river,
A hollow cylindrical water conduit (2) arranged in parallel with the water flow (V) in the water flow,
Inside the water conduit (2), a rotating shaft (4) supported in parallel with the water flow (V) via a bearing (3),
A water turbine (6) fixed to the rotating shaft (4) and provided with a plurality of blades (5),
A sprocket (7) fixed to the rotating shaft (4);
A chain (8) hung on the sprocket (7);
A generator (9) interlocked with the rotation of the sprocket (7) via the chain (8),
A frame (10) for fixing the water conduit (2);
An arm (11) protruding from the frame (10) and fixing the generator (9);
Fixing means (12) for fixing the frame (10) so that it is not flowed in a state of being placed in a water stream;
Comprising
While the frame (10) is submerged in the water flow, the generator (9) fixed to the arm (11) is disposed on the water surface,
The frame (10) is fixed to the riverbank via the fixing means (12) ,
The hydroelectric generator, wherein the sprocket (7) is provided with a plurality of openings (7c) between its periphery and the rotating shaft (4) . The hydroelectric generator according to claim 1,
The hydroelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the fixing means (12) includes a wire (14) that can be locked to a wedge (13) driven into a riverbank. The hydroelectric generator according to claim 1 or 2,
A plurality of the water turbines (6) are fixed to the rotating shaft (4),
A plurality of the blades (5) included in each of the water turbines (6) are fixed at a constant pitch with respect to the rotating shaft (4),
The hydroelectric power generation device, wherein the installation position of the blade (5) is offset between the adjacent water turbines (6). The hydroelectric generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The hydroelectric power generator characterized in that the number of blades (5) is 2 to 5. The hydroelectric power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A plurality of the water conduits (2) are adjacently fixed to the frame (10),
Each sprocket (7) fixed to the rotating shaft (4) pivotally supported inside each water conduit (2) is arranged in the same plane,
A hydroelectric generator configured to drive the generator (9) through a common chain (8).

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