JP6014016B2 - Building ventilation structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building ventilation structure, and more particularly to a building ventilation structure having an underfloor space sealed against outside air.

  There are buildings having an underfloor space sealed against the outside air, such as a building having a so-called basic heat insulation structure. The temperature of the underfloor space of such a building is stable between about 15 ° C. and 25 ° C. regardless of changes in the outside air temperature or room temperature. Therefore, conventionally, a technique for making the temperature of the indoor space comfortable by using the air in the underfloor space has been proposed.

  For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-167873 (patent document 1), outside air sucked from a suction port of a living room is naturally discharged to the underfloor space through the discharge port, and passes through the interior space from the underfloor space to the back of the hut. A building that is exhausted from space to the outside is disclosed. In this building, the ventilation from the underfloor space to the wall space is performed through notches provided at regular intervals on the foundation.

  Moreover, as a ventilation structure in an outer wall, as shown in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-290695 (patent document 2), arrange | positioning a plurality of woodcutters between a heat insulation layer and a pillar (and trunk difference part). Therefore, a building in which an air passage in the outer wall is formed between the heat insulating layer and the pillar is also proposed. In this building, the foundation placed on the foundation is placed under the insulation on the outdoor side of the pillar.

  Further, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-185324 (Patent Document 3), an air supply fan for 24-hour ventilation is provided in the attic space, and the room pressure is adjusted by supplying air to the entire living room space from this fan. It is disclosed to always maintain a positive pressure.

JP 2002-167873 A JP 2005-290695 A JP 2008-185324 A

  Especially in summer residences, the top floor room may be hotter than the lower floor room, and the top floor room may be in an uncomfortable thermal environment. One possible cause of this phenomenon is that the heat in the attic space is transferred to the living room through the ceiling. Therefore, improvement of the thermal environment of the room on the top floor was particularly demanded.

  In a building such as Patent Document 1, air in the underfloor space is sent to the attic space through the space in the outer wall by the operation of the forced air intake device provided in the air inlet or the forced exhaust device provided in the attic space. It is configured. However, in such a building, there is a case where air does not flow properly in the outer wall portion and improvement of the thermal environment of the indoor space cannot be expected.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a building ventilation structure that can improve the thermal environment of an indoor space.

  A ventilation structure for a building according to an aspect of the present invention includes an indoor space surrounded by an outer wall portion of the building, and an underfloor space that is located below the indoor space and is sealed against the outside air. In addition, a forced exhaust device provided at the boundary between the indoor space and the underfloor space, for exhausting the air in the indoor space to the underfloor space, a ventilation path that passes through the outer wall portion to the attic space, It has a discharge port for discharging the air that has passed through the ventilation path from the attic space to the outside.

  Preferably, the ventilation path includes a ventilation path provided closer to the indoor space than the waterproof line of the outer wall portion, and a communication path communicating the underfloor space and the ventilation path.

  The building ventilation structure is arranged on the foundation of the building and extends in the width direction between the foundation and the base extending along the width direction of the outer wall so as to support the outer wall from below. It is desirable to further include a plurality of foundation spacers to be arranged. In this case, the communication path is formed so that the air in the underfloor space passes through the gap between adjacent base spacers and the outer surface side of the base.

  Preferably, an outer wall part contains the some pillar arrange | positioned at intervals on a base, and the heat insulating material arrange | positioned on the outdoor side rather than a pillar. In this case, it is desirable that the air passage in the outer wall portion is provided between the column and the heat insulating material.

  The outer wall portion further includes a surface member that is in contact with the outer surface of the column, and a plurality of wall spacers sandwiched between the surface member and the heat insulating material, and the ventilation path includes a space between the adjacent wall spacers. But you can.

  Or an outer wall part may further contain the wall spacer pinched | interposed into the pillar and the heat insulating material, and a ventilation path may also contain the space between adjacent wall spacers.

  The outer wall portion is disposed on the outdoor space side of the pillars, the plurality of pillars arranged at intervals on the base, the heat insulating material arranged between the adjacent pillars, and the waterproof line on the indoor space side. A face material may be included. In this case, it is desirable that the air passage in the outer wall portion is provided between the face material and the heat insulating material.

  The outer wall portion may further include a wall spacer sandwiched between the pillar and the face material, and the ventilation path may include a space between adjacent wall spacers.

  An outdoor air ventilation path for ventilating the outside air may be provided on the outdoor side of the waterproof wall of the outer wall portion.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the thermal environment of indoor space can be improved.

It is a subordinate sectional view showing typically the ventilation structure of the building concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a subordinate sectional view showing a ventilation course in an embodiment of the invention. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the structural example of the ventilation path in the outer wall part in embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the structural example of the ventilation path in the outer wall part in the modification 1 of embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the structural example of the ventilation path in the outer wall part in the modification 2 of embodiment of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

<About overview>
First, an outline of a ventilation structure for a building according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 partially shows a secondary section structure of a building. The building in the present embodiment includes an indoor space 11 surrounded by the outer wall 2, an underfloor space 12 positioned below the indoor space 11, and an attic space 13 positioned above the indoor space 11. The underfloor space 12 has airtightness in relation to the outdoors and is sealed against the outside air. In the present embodiment, the forced exhaust device 6 for 24-hour ventilation is provided on the floor portion 14 located at the boundary between the indoor space 11 and the underfloor space 12. The forced exhaust device 6 is mechanically driven to forcibly exhaust the air in the indoor space 11 to the underfloor space 12.

  The supply of outside air to the indoor space 11 is performed, for example, from an air supply port 4 provided in the outer wall 2 as in a general building. When the building is a multi-storey house, the indoor space 11 includes a lower-floor indoor space 11a and a top-floor indoor space 11b. Moreover, each indoor space 11a, 11b contains a living room and a non-living room (a corridor, a washroom etc.). In the following description, when it is not necessary to distinguish between the indoor spaces 11a and 11b, they are simply referred to as the indoor space 11.

  The air exhausted from the indoor space 11 (more specifically, the indoor space 11a on the lower floor) to the underfloor space 12 by the forced exhaust device 6 passes through the outer wall 2 and passes through the outlet 130 from the attic space 13. It is discharged outdoors. A configuration example of the ventilation path 5 from the underfloor space 12 to the attic space 13 will be described below.

<Ventilation route>
The ventilation path 5 will be described with further reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. In FIG. 2, the thickness direction of the outer wall portion 2 is indicated by an arrow A1. In FIG. 3, the width direction of the outer wall portion 2 is indicated by an arrow A2. The ventilation path 5 includes a ventilation path 50 in the outer wall portion 2, a floor space 12 and a communication path 53 that communicates with the ventilation path 50. First, the air passage 50 of the outer wall 2 will be described.

  The outer wall portion 2 in the present embodiment has a structure in accordance with a so-called outer insulation method. That is, the heat insulating material 24 of the outer wall portion 2 is arranged on the outdoor side with respect to the plurality of columns 21 arranged at intervals along the width direction of the outer wall portion 2. In the outer wall portion 2 of such external heat insulation, the air passage 50 is provided between the column 21 and the heat insulating material 24 in the thickness direction.

  Specifically, for example, a surface member 23 that is a load bearing surface material, a heat insulating material 24, and an exterior surface material 26 are arranged on the outdoor side (that is, the outer surface side) of the column 21. Further, a waterproof sheet 25 is disposed on the outdoor side surface of the heat insulating material 24. Between the waterproof sheet 25 and the exterior surface material 26, an outside air ventilation path 20 for ventilating outside air is provided. The outside air passage 20 is formed by providing a trunk edge 27 extending in the vertical direction between the waterproof sheet 25 and the exterior surface material 26. An interior surface material 22 is arranged on the indoor space 11 side of the column 21 (that is, the inner surface side).

  Intrusion of rainwater or outside air into the outer wall 2 is blocked by the waterproof sheet 25. Therefore, the position of the waterproof sheet 25 in the thickness direction of the outer wall 2 is referred to as a “waterproof line”. The ventilation path 50 as a part of the ventilation path 5 is provided closer to the indoor space 11 than the waterproof line, regardless of whether or not the outer wall 2 is externally insulated.

  The pillar 21 in the first floor part of the building is arranged between the base 31 and the trunk difference part 34 in the vertical direction, and the pillar 21 in the upper floor part of the building has a trunk difference part 34 and an eaves part 35 in the vertical direction. It is arranged between. The base 31, the trunk difference part 34, and the eaves part 35 are all horizontal frame parts that extend along the width direction of the outer wall part 2. The above-mentioned surface member 23 is fixed to the outer surface of these horizontal housing parts.

  In the present embodiment, the air passage 50 is located between the surface member 23 and the heat insulating material 24. As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of spacers (hereinafter referred to as “wall spacers”) 51 are sandwiched between the surface member 23 and the heat insulating material 24 in order to form the air passage 50. The plurality of wall spacers 51 extend in the vertical direction, for example, and are arranged at intervals in the width direction. The ventilation path 50 includes a space 52 between wall spacers 51 adjacent in the width direction. The wall spacer 51 is not limited to being directly sandwiched between the surface member 23 and the heat insulating material 24, and may be sandwiched, for example, via another sheet-like member.

  Next, the communication path 53 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of spacers (hereinafter referred to as “base spacers”) 32 are arranged at intervals in the width direction between the foundation 1 and the base 31. The base spacer 32 may be a known basic packing. Moreover, the base material 33 located on the outdoor side of the foundation 31 on the foundation 1 is disposed away from the foundation 31 in the thickness direction. The base material 33 is fitted between the upper end surface of the foundation 1 and the lower end surface of the heat insulating material 24. The thickness of the base material 33 is larger than the thickness of the heat insulating material 24, but the lower end position of the surface member 23 is higher than the lower end position of the heat insulating material 24. Therefore, the base material 33 and the surface member 23 do not contact each other. The surface member 23 may be longer than the heat insulating material 24, and in this case, it is sufficient that a gap is provided between the surface member 23 and the base material 33 in the thickness direction.

  By having such a structure around the base 31, the communication path 53 has a gap 54 between the base spacers 32 adjacent to each other in the width direction and a gap on the outer surface side of the base 31 (that is, the base 31 and the base material 33. And a gap 55). Therefore, the air exhausted into the underfloor space 12 is sent to the ventilation path 50 in the outer wall portion 2 through the gaps 54 and 55.

  According to the building having the ventilation path 5 as described above, air in the underfloor space 12 is cool in summer and warm in winter can be sent to the attic space 13 through the outer wall portion 2. Thereby, for example, in summer, the attic space 13 can be prevented from being heated, and the indoor space 11b on the uppermost floor can be prevented from being heated higher than the indoor space 11a on the lower floor. That is, the thermal environment of the indoor space 11b on the top floor can be improved.

  In the present embodiment, the air in the underfloor space 12 passes through the ventilation path 50 provided closer to the indoor space 11 than the heat insulating material 24 in the outer wall portion 2. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the air passing through the air passage 50 from being warmed by the influence of outside air. Moreover, since the surface member 23 is cooled, the temperature rise of the pillar 21 and the interior surface material 22 which are located in the internal space 11 side rather than the surface member 23 can be suppressed. Therefore, the thermal environment in the indoor space 11a other than the upper floor can also be improved.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, the forced exhaust device 6 for 24-hour ventilation is provided at the boundary between the indoor space 11 and the underfloor space 12, so that the exhaust from the indoor space 11 to the underfloor space 12 This is forcibly performed by the forced exhaust device 6. The underfloor space 12 is a space narrower than the living room included in the indoor space 11. In addition, the underfloor space 12 is always sealed because there is no person going in and out like a living room. Therefore, the underfloor space 12 can always be at a positive pressure by the operation of the forced exhaust device 6 regardless of the movement of the person in the building. Thereby, the air exhausted into the underfloor space 12 by the forced exhaust device 6 can be pushed up to the attic space 13 through the ventilation path 5. That is, air can sufficiently flow into the ventilation path 50 in the outer wall portion 2. As a result, heat exchange between the air flowing through the air passage 50 and the pillars 21 and the interior member 22 in the outer wall 2 can be promoted, and the thermal environment of the indoor space 11 can be improved appropriately.

  Moreover, since a constant ventilation amount can be ensured, the indoor space 11 can be normally ventilated for 24 hours. Moreover, since exhaust heat from the attic space 13 is performed in 24-hour ventilation, ventilation of the indoor space 11 and exhaust heat of the attic space 13 can be performed efficiently.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, the ventilation path 5 can be comprised only by providing the some wall spacer 51 in the outer wall part 2, and providing the base spacer 32 under the base 31. FIG. Therefore, the ventilation structure of the building can be realized with a simple configuration without requiring processing of the base 31 or special members.

  The communication passage 53 is formed so that the air in the underfloor space 12 passes through the lower surface and the outer surface of the base 31. Therefore, the foundation 31 on the foundation 1 can be kept dry even in a building including the underfloor space 12 sealed against the outside air.

  In addition, the position of the ventilation path 50 in the outer wall part 2 is not limited to the said example. Below, the other example of an outer wall part is demonstrated as the modifications 1 and 2 of this Embodiment.

<Modification 1>
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the air passage 50A in the outer wall portion 2A according to the first modification of the present embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4, the outer wall portion 2 </ b> A does not include the surface member 23. Instead, the outer wall portion 2 </ b> A includes a brace 28. The thickness of the brace 28 is equal to or less than the thickness dimension of the column 21, and the brace 28 is disposed obliquely between adjacent columns 21, for example. The brace 28 in the first floor portion extends from the base 31 to the trunk difference portion 34 in the vertical direction. The brace 28 in the second floor portion extends from the trunk difference portion 34 to the eaves beam portion 35 in the vertical direction.

  In the case of the outer wall portion 2 </ b> A, the wall spacer 51 is sandwiched between the pillar 21 (and the horizontal housing portion) and the heat insulating material 24. In the present embodiment, since the surface member 23 that abuts on the pillar 21 is not included, the ventilation path 50A includes a space between the adjacent pillars 21 in addition to the space 52 between the adjacent wall spacers 51. (Excluding space) 210 is further included. Therefore, in summer, cool air from the underfloor space 12 passes through the back surface side (outdoor side surface) of the interior surface material 22. Therefore, according to this modification, the room temperature of the indoor space 11 can be made more comfortable.

  In FIG. 4, two wall spacers 51 are arranged for one column 21, but only one wall spacer 51 may be arranged. The wall spacer 51 may also be disposed between the brace 28 and the heat insulating material 24.

<Modification 2>
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the ventilation path 50B in the outer wall portion 2B according to the second modification of the embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, outer wall 2B has a structure according to a so-called filling heat insulation method. That is, the heat insulating material 24 </ b> A of the outer wall portion 2 </ b> B is provided between the adjacent columns 21.

  In such an outer wall 2B, the air passage 50B is provided between the face material 29 and the heat insulating material 24A. In this case, the wall spacer 51 is sandwiched between the column 21 and the face material 29. The face material 29 may be a load bearing face material. When the face material 29 is not a load bearing face material, the outer wall portion 2 </ b> B may have a brace (not shown) between the columns 21. In this case, the heat insulating material 24 </ b> A may be inserted between the adjacent columns 21 so as to avoid the reinforcement.

  Note that the surface member 23 shown in FIG. 3 or the like may be in contact with the outer surface of the column 21 and the horizontal frame portion also in the outer wall portion by the filling heat insulation method. In this case, the wall spacer 51 may be disposed between the surface member and the outdoor-side surface material 29 (FIG. 5).

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  1 foundation, 2, 2A, 2B outer wall, 4 air inlet, 5 ventilation route, 6 forced exhaust system, 11, 11a, 11b indoor space, 12 underfloor space, 13 attic space, 14 floor, 21 pillar, 22 interior Surface member, 23 Surface member, 24, 24A Insulating material, 25 Waterproof sheet, 26 Exterior surface material, 29 Surface material, 31 Base, 32 Base spacer, 33 Base material, 34 Body difference part, 35 Girder part, 50, 50A Ventilation path, 51 wall spacer, 53 communication path, 130 outlet.

Claims (9)

An indoor space surrounded by the outer wall of the building,
An underfloor space located below the indoor space and sealed against the outside air;
A forced exhaust device provided at a boundary between the indoor space and the underfloor space, for exhausting air in the indoor space to the underfloor space;
A ventilation path that passes through the outer wall and extends from the underfloor space to the attic space;
A ventilation structure for a building, comprising: an air outlet for discharging air that has passed through the ventilation path from the attic space to the outside.   2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation path includes a ventilation path provided closer to the indoor space than a waterproof line of the outer wall portion, and a communication path that connects the underfloor space and the ventilation path. Ventilation structure. A base disposed on the foundation of the building and extending along the width direction of the outer wall so as to support the outer wall from below;
A plurality of foundation spacers arranged between the foundation and the foundation at intervals in the width direction;
The ventilation structure of a building according to claim 2, wherein the communication passage is formed so that air in the underfloor space passes through a gap between the adjacent base spacers and an outer surface side of the base. . The outer wall portion includes a plurality of columns arranged on the base at intervals, and a heat insulating material arranged on the outdoor side of the columns,
The ventilation structure of a building according to claim 3, wherein the air passage in the outer wall portion is provided between the pillar and the heat insulating material. The outer wall portion further includes a surface member in contact with an outer surface of the column, and a plurality of wall spacers sandwiched between the surface member and the heat insulating material,
The building ventilation structure according to claim 4, wherein the ventilation path includes a space between the adjacent wall spacers. The outer wall portion further includes a wall spacer sandwiched between the pillar and the heat insulating material,
The building ventilation structure according to claim 4, wherein the ventilation path includes a space between the adjacent wall spacers. The outer wall portion includes a plurality of columns arranged on the base at intervals, a heat insulating material arranged between the adjacent columns, the indoor space side of the waterproof line, and more than the columns. Including a face material disposed on the outdoor side,
The ventilation structure of a building according to claim 3, wherein the air passage in the outer wall portion is provided between the heat insulating material and the face material. The outer wall portion further includes a wall spacer sandwiched between the pillar and the face material,
The ventilation structure of a building according to claim 7, wherein the ventilation path includes a space between the adjacent wall spacers.   The building ventilating structure according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein an outside air ventilation path for ventilating outside air is provided on the outdoor side of the waterproof wall of the outer wall portion.

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