JP6012073B2 - How to replace excavation members of tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a excavation member exchanging method for a tunnel excavator, for example, an excavation member exchanging technique for a tunnel excavator that excavates an upward or horizontal tunnel in the ground.

  A tunnel excavator is a device that constructs a tunnel in the ground while pushing a steel cylinder or frame into the ground. The main equipment is a shield machine or a tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as “TBM”). For example).

  Shield machines are mainly used for excavation for relatively soft geology, such as in the formation of urban subways and sewers. On the other hand, TBM is used for excavation of relatively hard geology, such as mainly used for the formation of mountain railways and power transmission channels, and has the advantage of faster excavation speed than other construction methods. Therefore, it is used when speed is required to build a tunnel.

  In any case, a cutter head that rotates along the circumferential direction of the cylinder or the frame is installed at the tip of the cylinder or the frame that constitutes the tunnel excavator. In the front surface of the cutter head, a plurality of excavating members such as a roller cutter and a roller bit are regularly arranged. When excavating the tunnel, the rock head or the like is excavated by rotating the cutter head while pressing the excavating member on the front face of the cutter head against the face (excavation surface).

  If the excavation member is worn or damaged during tunnel excavation, the soil removal transport mechanism inside the machine is removed from the rear of the excavator body, and then the operator enters the rear surface of the cutter head and replaces the excavation member. ing. In order to facilitate such excavation member replacement work, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a soil removal transport mechanism that can be easily removed. For example, Patent Document 3 discloses a soil removal transport mechanism that can be installed even in a tunnel excavator that excavates a small-diameter tunnel.

JP 2002-147177 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-324577 JP 2004-43120 A

  However, in TBM construction, there are technically immature parts in exchanging excavation members. In particular, in the construction of tunnels that are inclined upwards or small-diameter tunnels, how to safely and efficiently use excavating members in an aircraft that is inclined upward and the scaffolding is unstable, or in a machine that has a narrow work area. Replacing is an important issue.

  The present invention has been made from the technical background described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of exchanging excavation members of a tunnel excavator safely and efficiently.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the excavating member exchanging method of the tunnel excavator of the present invention according to claim 1 is configured such that the cutter head on the front surface of the excavator body is rotated while the excavator body is fixed by a gripper. A step of stopping a process of excavating an upward or horizontal tunnel on the ground by pressing and rotating a plurality of excavating members on the front surface of the cutter head against the ground; and after the excavating process is stopped, A step of fixing the excavator body by means of slip-off prevention means provided in the step, and a step of expanding the excavation area on the front side of the cutter head by a direction correcting means provided in the excavator body after stopping the excavation process And after the excavator body is fixed by the slip prevention means, the gripper is released from the fixed state, and the gripper support member is removed from the excavator body. A step of removing, after removing the support member of the gripper, a step of removing from the inside of the excavator body a soil pipe that transports the soil generated by excavating the ground to the outside of the tunnel, and after removing the soil pipe, A step of removing from the inside of the excavator main body a waste storage means connected to the front of the soil discharge pipe and storing the soil generated by excavation of the ground; a support member of the gripper; the soil discharge pipe; After removing the means, a step of laying a transport rail in the excavator body, a step of loading a transport carriage on the transport rail, and an operating means for operating the movement of the transport carriage in the excavator body A step of installing on the rear surface side of the cutter head; and the excavating member to be exchanged removed from the rear surface side of the cutter head is placed on the transport carriage by a cargo handling means, and the transport base by the operation means Transporting the excavator main body to the rear of the excavator main body by moving the transport excavator, transporting a new excavation member mounted on the transport cart to the rear side of the cutter head by moving the transport cart by the operating means, The new excavation member transported by the transport carriage is transported to the replacement site by the cargo handling means, and is mounted on the replacement site from the rear side of the cutter head, and the operation means, the transport cart and the transport rail are excavated. A step of removing from the machine main body, and a step of returning the support member of the soil removal accommodating means, the soil discharge pipe and the gripper into the excavator main body after removing the operation means, the transport carriage and the transport rail. It is characterized by having.

  According to the invention of claim 1, even if the scaffold in the excavator body is unstable because the tunnel is inclined upward, even if the work area in the excavator body is narrow because the tunnel is small in diameter, It becomes possible to exchange excavation members of the tunnel excavator safely and efficiently.

It is explanatory drawing of the whole excavator main body structure which comprises the tunnel excavator which is one embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the whole structure of the tunnel excavator with the excavator main body of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the III-III line of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the IV-IV line of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the VV line of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the VI-VI line of FIG. It is a front view of the cutter head of the excavation main body of FIG. It is the front view of the cutter head which showed the rotation locus | trajectory of the roller bit by rotation of a cutter head. It is explanatory drawing which looked at the roller bit of the front center of the cutter head of FIG. 7 from the side surface side. It is explanatory drawing which looked at the roller bit of the front center of the cutter head of FIG. 7 from the side surface side. It is explanatory drawing of the roller bit between the front center of the cutter head of FIG. 7, and a front outermost periphery. It is explanatory drawing of the outermost roller bit of the cutter head of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the arrangement | sequence of several roller bits of a cutter head. It is a flowchart of the tunnel excavation processing work using the excavator main body of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in tunnel excavation processing operation. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the tunnel excavation processing operation following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the tunnel excavation processing operation following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the tunnel excavation processing operation following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the tunnel excavation processing operation following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the tunnel excavation processing operation following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the tunnel excavation processing operation following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the tunnel excavation processing operation following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of a roller bit. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. 25 and FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the excavator main body in the replacement process of the roller bit following FIG.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment as an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiment, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

  1 is an explanatory diagram of the overall configuration of the excavator body constituting the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the overall configuration of the tunnel excavator having the excavator body of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line V-V in FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. It is. FIG. 1 is a view of the excavator body viewed from the side, and for the sake of explanation, the inside of the excavator body is shown in a transparent manner.

  The tunnel excavator of the present embodiment is, for example, a multi-cylinder shield type TBM. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the TBM main body (excavator main body) 1 constituting the tunnel excavator is ground G (soil and soil). It is a device that constructs a tunnel H on the ground G such as a hydraulic pipe inclined shaft of a power plant or an access tunnel of various underground cavities while being pushed into a bedrock.

  The TBM main body 1 is formed of, for example, a cylindrical steel cylinder, and integrally includes a front barrel portion 1F, a middle barrel portion 1M, and a rear barrel portion 1B along the longitudinal direction thereof. The excavation outer diameter of the TBM main body 1 is, for example, 1500 mm, which is a relatively small diameter. The total length of the TBM body 1 is, for example, about 6360 mm. The excavation speed is, for example, 1.5 cm / min.

  On the front surface of the front barrel portion 1F of the TBM main body 1 (the front surface in the digging direction of the TBM main body 1), the cutter head 2 is centered on the central axis of the TBM main body 1 by the cutter driving motor 3 installed in the front trunk portion 1F. And installed in a rotatable state along the circumferential direction of the TBM main body 1.

  The outer shape of the cutter head 2 is formed in a disk shape substantially equal to that of the TBM main body 1. Further, the surface of the cutter head 2 that faces the face is formed in a substantially truncated cone shape. That is, on the front surface of the cutter head 2, a tapered surface is formed from the outermost periphery toward the center, and a circular flat surface is formed at the center.

  On the front surface of the cutter head 2, a plurality of roller bits (excavating members) 4 are regularly arranged in a rotatable state so as to excavate the ground G. The roller bit 4 is a member that excavates the face as the cutter head 2 rotates while being pressed against the ground G due to the propulsive force applied to the TBM body 1. The weight of each roller bit 4 is about 40 kg, for example. The arrangement of the roller bit 4 will be described in detail later.

  Further, the cutter head 2 has an opening (not shown in FIGS. 1 to 6) penetrating between the front surface and the rear surface. Excavated soil (exhaust soil) generated by the excavation process is temporarily accommodated in a hopper (exhaust accommodating means) 5 installed inside the TBM main body 1 through the opening of the cutter head 2. .

  The hopper 5 is installed in a detachable state immediately below the rear surface of the cutter head 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the bottom surface of the hopper 5 is formed in a curved shape so as to gradually become deeper from both sides in the width direction toward the center. The hopper 5 is smaller and lighter than a soil removal transport mechanism such as a screw conveyor, so that the hopper 5 is easy to handle and can be easily removed from and attached to the TBM main body 1.

  A soil discharge pipe 6 is connected to the vicinity of the curved bottom at the center in the width direction of the lower side of the hopper 5. The earth discharge pipe 6 is formed of, for example, a pressure resistant vinyl hose in which a hard copper wire is spirally wound around the outer periphery of soft vinyl chloride. Since the inner surface of the drainage pipe 6 is flat and is strong against crushing and is not easily broken, it is possible to eliminate anxiety about fluid clogging. In addition, the earth removal pipe 6 is lighter and more flexible than the earth removal transport mechanism such as a screw conveyor, so that it is easy to handle and can be easily removed from the TBM main body 1 and attached. It has become. Moreover, the residue in the soil removal pipe 6 can be easily confirmed from the outside by making the material of the soil removal pipe 6 a transparent material. The soil discharge pipe 6 extends along the longitudinal direction of the TBM main body 1 and is connected to a soil discharge tank (soil storage means) 7 outside the tunnel H as shown in FIG. Pressure suction means) 8.

  Further, an air supply pipe (air supply means) 9 for supplying compressed air into the soil discharge pipe 6 so as to energize the transport of the soil discharge within the soil discharge pipe 6 is provided in the middle of the route of the soil discharge pipe 6 near the hopper 5. It is connected. A plurality of air supply pipes 9 may be arranged at predetermined intervals.

  Thereby, the excavated soil accommodated in the hopper 5 is sucked by the negative pressure suction device 8 and is energized by the compressed air supplied from the air supply pipe 9 to be accommodated in the soil discharge tank 7 through the soil discharge pipe 6. It has come to be. For this reason, the waste generated by the excavation process can be efficiently transported to the outside of the tunnel H.

  Further, an additive supply pipe 10 is installed above the opening of the hopper 5. The additive supply pipe 10 is a pipe for supplying a liquid additive such as water, muddy water, or bentonite solution into the hopper 5. By mixing the additive material with the excavated soil through the additive material supply pipe 10, plastic fluidization of the excavated soil can be achieved, so that the excavated soil in the hopper 5 can be efficiently sucked with negative pressure. For this reason, the waste generated by the excavation process can be efficiently transported to the outside of the tunnel H. In addition, by adding an additive to the excavated soil, generation of dust due to the excavated soil can be suppressed or prevented. At the time of excavation, the supply amount of additive material and the presence / absence of supply may be adjusted according to the state of negative pressure suction of excavated soil.

  Further, a scraping plate (scraping means) 11 is joined to the rear surface of the cutter head 2. The scraping plate 11 is a member that rotates following the rotation of the cutter head 2 and scrapes the excavated soil accumulated at the bottom of the TBM main body 1 and accommodates it in the hopper 5. Since the scraping plate 11 is joined to the cutter head 2 and operated according to the rotational motion of the cutter head 2, there is no need to provide a dedicated driving body for operating the scraping plate 11. The earth removal transport mechanism can be reduced in size and weight, and the configuration can be simplified.

  Further, the liquid additive material may be supplied to the site where the excavated soil is scraped up by the scraper plate 11 through the additive material supply pipe 10 or the like. If the excavated soil and the additive material are not mixed well, only the liquid (additive material) may be sucked and the excavated soil may remain. On the other hand, by supplying the additive material to the scraping site, the excavated soil and the additive material are agitated and mixed well when the excavated soil is scraped up by the scraper plate 11. For this reason, since plastic fluidization of excavated soil can be further improved, the excavated soil can be more efficiently sucked with negative pressure. For this reason, the waste generated by the excavation process can be efficiently transported to the outside of the tunnel H.

  As described above, the soil removal transport mechanism installed in the TBM main body 1 in the present embodiment is mainly composed of the hopper 5 and the soil discharge pipe 6, and is relatively small, light and simple. Can do. For this reason, the earth removal transport mechanism can be easily installed in the TBM main body 1 having a relatively small diameter.

  Further, since the earth removal transport mechanism in the TBM main body 1 can be made small and light and simple, the excavation process can be performed at high speed and safely even when the tunnel H inclined upward is formed. For this reason, the tunnel H can be excavated without impairing the advantage of the TBM method that excavation processing can be performed at a higher speed than other methods.

  A front trunk gripper 12 is installed on the outer periphery of the front trunk portion 1F of the TBM main body 1. The front trunk gripper 12 is a member for fixing the TBM main body 1 after excavation of the ground G, and is installed at, for example, four locations along the outer periphery of the front trunk 1F as shown in FIG.

  Each front trunk gripper 12 is provided with a fixing member 12a that can be expanded and contracted along the radial direction of the TBM main body 1, and the TBM main body 1 is fixed by extending the fixing member 12a and pressing it against the wall surface of the tunnel. It has become so.

  In addition, a direction correcting jack 13 is installed in the boundary region between the front body portion 1F and the middle body portion 1M of the TBM main body 1. The direction correction jack 13 is a member that connects the front barrel portion 1F and the middle barrel portion 1M and corrects the digging direction of the TBM main body 1. The propulsion direction of the TBM main body 1 is changed by supplying pressure oil to the direction correcting jack 13 and propelling the TBM main body 1 in a state where the front barrel portion 1F and the middle barrel portion 1M are refracted in a predetermined direction and angle. It is possible to control.

  Further, a propulsion jack 14 is installed in the middle body portion 1M of the TBM main body 1 so as to be extendable and contractable along the longitudinal direction of the TBM main body 1. The propulsion jack 14 is a member for propelling the TBM main body 1, and is installed at, for example, four locations along the outer periphery of the middle trunk portion 1M as shown in FIG.

  Further, a rear trunk gripper 15 and a slip-off preventing jack 16 are installed on the outer periphery of the rear trunk portion 1B of the TBM main body 1.

  The rear trunk gripper 15 is a member for fixing the TBM main body 1 during excavation to obtain an excavation reaction force. As shown in FIG. 5, the rear trunk gripper 15 is installed, for example, at two locations on the outer peripheral side surfaces of the TBM body 1. Each rear trunk gripper 15 is provided with a fixing member 15a that can be expanded and contracted along the radial direction of the TBM body 1, and the TBM body 1 is fixed by extending the fixing member 15a and pressing it against the wall surface of the tunnel. It has become so. The support member of the rear trunk gripper 15 in the TBM main body 1 is installed in a detachable state.

  The slip prevention jack 16 is a member for obtaining a reaction force for preventing slipping, and is installed in a stretchable state along the longitudinal direction. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the anti-skid jack 16 is disposed, for example, at two locations on the outer peripheral bottom of the TBM main body 1. When it is difficult to secure the reaction force by the rear trunk gripper 15 in the poor geological part, the reaction force can be obtained by pressing the anti-skid jack 16 against the segment assembled in the TBM main body 1. As described above, since the method of taking the digging reaction force can be changed according to the state of geology and the like, the speed of building the tunnel can be increased. Moreover, a tunnel can be formed safely.

  The tunnel H formed in the present embodiment has a small cross section and a long distance, so that it is difficult to transport materials and equipment manually. For this reason, a transport means (not shown) such as a monorail that fits in the small-diameter tunnel H is provided from the entrance of the tunnel H to the rear of the TBM main body 1 and is used for transporting workers and materials. The monorail includes an engine type and an electric type (including a battery drive type), and an electric type is adopted in consideration of oxygen deficiency in the tunnel H by the internal combustion engine.

  7 is a front view of the cutter head 2 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 8 is a front view of the cutter head showing the rotation locus of the roller bit 4 by the rotation of the cutter head 2. FIG. 7 and 8, hatching indicates the opening that penetrates between the front and rear surfaces of the cutter head 2.

  The cutter head 2 includes, for example, a frame portion 2F, two spoke portions 2Sa and 2Sb installed so as to be orthogonal to each other in the frame portion 2F, a scraper tooth 2St joined to the spoke portion 2Sa, and two And four overhang portions 2h installed so as to overhang between the spoke portions 2Sa and 2Sb.

  For example, two cone head type roller bits 4A and 4A (4) are installed in a rotatable state at the intersection of the spoke portions 2Sa and 2Sb on the rotation trajectory R1 at the front center of the cutter head 2. .

  Further, for example, two drum-type roller bits 4B and 4B (4) are installed in a rotatable state on the spoke portion 2Sa on the rotation locus R2 that is one outer side of the center rotation locus R1.

  Further, for example, two drum-type roller bits 4C and 4C (4) are installed in a rotatable state on the spoke portion 2Sb on the rotation locus R3 that is one outside of the rotation locus R2.

  Further, for example, two drum-type roller bits 4D and 4D (4) are installed in a rotatable state on the spoke portion 2Sa on the rotation locus R4 which is one outer side of the rotation locus R3.

  Furthermore, for example, drum-type roller bits 4E and 4E (4) are rotatably installed on each overhanging portion 2h on the outermost rotation locus R5 on the front surface of the cutter head 2. An arrangement angle θ1 of the roller bit 4E with respect to the center axis of the cutter head 2 is, for example, 40 °.

  A plurality of protruding blades 4s are spread on the side surfaces (excavation sites) of these roller bits 4A to 4E in a state of protruding from the side surfaces of the roller bits 4A to 4E. The protruding blade 4s is made of a cemented carbide such as tungsten carbide. Although the protruding blades 4s are spread on the side surfaces of the roller bits 4A to 4E, in FIGS. 7 and 8, the protruding blades 4s are thinned out for easy understanding of the drawings.

  Next, FIGS. 9 and 10 are explanatory views of the roller bit 4A at the front center of the cutter head 2 of FIG. 7 viewed from the side, FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of the roller bits 4B to 4D of FIG. 7, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the outermost roller bit 4E of the cutter head 2, and FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement of the roller bits 4A to 4E of the cutter head 2. In FIG. 13, the roller bits 4A to 4E are shown in an overlapping manner.

  The central roller bits 4A and 4A shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 are formed in a conical shape, for example, and as shown in FIG. 13, the side surfaces (excavation sites) of the roller bits 4A and 4A are located in front of the excavation direction. The roller bits 4 </ b> A and 4 </ b> A are installed with their rotation axes inclined toward the front center of the cutter head 2 so that they face each other.

  These roller bits 4A and 4A are attached to the cutter head 2 by bolts 20a as shown in FIG. 9, and can be attached and detached from the rear surface side of the cutter head 2 as shown in FIG. It has become.

  Next, the roller bits 4B to 4D shown in FIG. 11 are formed, for example, in a columnar shape, and include an outer peripheral portion 4p that is provided on the outer side of the rotating shaft portion 4x so as to be rotatable via a bearing portion 4r. Yes. These roller bits 4 </ b> B to 4 </ b> D are also attached to the cutter head 2 by bolts 20 b and are configured to be detachable from the rear surface side of the cutter head 2.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 13, roller bit 4B, 4C is installed so that the side surface (excavation site | part) may face the excavation direction front among roller bit 4B-4D. On the other hand, the outer roller bits 4D are installed in an inclined state so that the side surface (excavation site) faces the radially outer side of the cutter head 2.

  Next, the outermost roller bit 4E shown in FIG. 12 is formed in, for example, a truncated cone shape, and can be rotated through the bearing portion 4r outside the rotating shaft portion 4x in the same manner as the roller bit 4B described above. The outer peripheral part 4p provided in the state is provided. The roller bit 4E is also attached to the cutter head 2 by a bolt 20c, and is configured to be detachable from the rear surface side of the cutter head 2.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the outermost roller bit 4 </ b> E is installed in a state where the side surface (excavation site) is inclined so as to face the radially outer side of the cutter head 2. However, the inclination angle of the side surface of the outermost roller bit 4E is larger than the inclination angle of the side surface of the roller bit 4D on the inner side.

  That is, in the present embodiment, the inclination angle of the side surface is on the outermost periphery on the rotation locus R4 between the roller bit 4E on the outermost rotation locus R5 and the roller bit 4C on the central rotation locus R3. A roller bit 4D set smaller than the inclination angle of the side surface of the roller bit 4E is provided.

  In this way, by arranging the roller bit 4D between the roller bits 4C and 4E, excavation formed on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head 2 from the roller bit 4C to the roller bit 4E on the side surfaces of the roller bits 4C to 4E. The line is inclined gently toward the outer periphery of the cutter head 2. As a result, the stress applied to a part of the innermost portion of the outermost roller bit 4E during the excavation process can be relieved, so that the life of the outermost roller bit 4E can be improved.

  Further, when the outermost roller bit 4E is formed in a columnar shape, the side surface of the outermost roller bit 4E is inclined in order to prevent the rotation shaft portion 4x outside the roller bit 4E from coming into contact with the inner wall surface of the tunnel. The angle must be large. Therefore, since the inclination angle of the side surface of the roller bit 4E becomes steep with respect to the inclination angle of the side surface of the roller bit 4D, stress is concentrated on the inner part of the outermost roller bit 4E or the outer part of the roller bit 4D during the excavation process. There is.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the outermost roller bit 4E has a truncated cone shape so that the rotation shaft portion 4x outside the roller bit 4E does not come into contact with the inner wall surface of the tunnel. , The inclination angle of the side surface of the outermost roller bit 4E can be made gentle relative to the inclination angle of the side surface of the inner roller bit 4D. For this reason, stress applied to the inner part of the outermost roller bit 4E or the outer part of the roller bit 4D during the excavation process can be alleviated, so that the life of the outermost roller bits 4E and 4D can be improved.

  If the structure of this embodiment is not adopted, the roller bit 4E must be replaced even if a part of the outermost roller bit 4E is worn. It is difficult to attach and detach from the viewpoint of the arrangement position, and in order to replace one roller bit 4E, a large-scale operation such as carrying in and out of the internal device of the TBM main body 1 is required. For this reason, there is a problem that the construction period of the tunnel excavation work is greatly delayed. Moreover, since the operating rate of the cutter of the TBM main body 1 is lowered, there is also a problem that the advantage of the TBM method that the excavation speed is high is impaired.

  In addition, even if a part of the outermost roller bit 4E is worn, the entire roller bit 4E has to be replaced. In particular, since TBM is expensive, how to reduce the construction cost is an important issue.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the life of the roller bit 4E can be improved and the replacement frequency can be reduced, so that the construction period of the tunnel excavation work can be shortened. In particular, since the operating rate of the cutter of the TBM main body 1 can be improved, excavation work that takes advantage of the TBM method of high excavation speed can be performed.

  In addition, since the life of the outermost roller bit 4E can be improved, the material cost can be reduced, and the cost of tunnel excavation work can be reduced. For this reason, use of expensive TBM can be promoted.

  Next, the tunnel excavation processing operation by the TBM main body 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 to 22 along the flowchart of FIG.

  FIGS. 15-22 is explanatory drawing of the TBM main body 1 in the tunnel excavation process. Here, for example, the excavation process of the tunnel H (see FIG. 2) inclined upward will be described. Note that the inclination angle θ2 of the tunnel H inclined upward is, for example, about 20 °. Moreover, the code | symbol SG has shown the segment which functions as a sliding prevention member.

  First, as shown in FIG. 15, the fixing member 15a of the rear trunk gripper 15 is stretched and pressed against the inner wall surface of the tunnel H to fix the TBM main body 1 (step 100 in FIG. 14), then, as shown in FIG. The propulsion jack 14 is extended forward in the longitudinal direction of the TBM main body 1 to perform a digging operation (step 101 in FIG. 14). Thus, the ground is excavated by rotating the cutter head 2 in a state where the plurality of roller bits (excavating members) 4 on the front surface of the cutter head 2 are pressed against the ground.

  At this time, excavated soil generated by excavation is accommodated in the hopper 5 through the opening of the cutter head 2. The excavated soil that has not entered the hopper 5 and has fallen to the inner bottom of the TBM main body 1 is scraped up by a scraping plate 11 that rotates following the rotation of the cutter head 2 and is accommodated in the hopper 5.

  The excavated soil accommodated in the hopper 5 is mixed with the liquid additive supplied from the additive supply pipe 10 into the hopper 5. Thereby, since the plastic fluidity of excavated soil can be improved, the excavated soil can be efficiently sucked with negative pressure. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of the dust resulting from excavation soil can be suppressed or prevented.

  The excavated soil in which the additive is mixed in the hopper 5 is sucked by the negative pressure suction device 8 and negatively sucked by the compressed air supplied from the air supply pipe 9 into the discharge pipe 6. And is accommodated in the soil discharge tank 7. For this reason, excavated soil can be efficiently transported outside the tunnel H. Moreover, since the excavated soil generated by the excavation work is accommodated in the soil discharge tank 7, the environment outside the tunnel H is not contaminated by the excavated soil.

  Subsequently, the rotation of the cutter head 2 is stopped when the propulsion jack 14 is fully extended, and the fixing member 12a of the front trunk gripper 12 is stretched while the reaction force is obtained by the rear trunk gripper 15, as shown in FIG. The TBM body 1 is pressed against the inner wall surface of H (step 102 in FIG. 14).

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 18, after fixing the fixing member 15a of the rear trunk gripper 15 to release the fixing state by the rear trunk gripper 15 (step 103 in FIG. 14), as shown in FIG. The middle barrel portion 1M and the rear barrel portion 1B are pulled forward and pulled forward, and the anti-slip jack 16 is extended rearward in the longitudinal direction of the TBM main body 1 and pressed against the segment SG (see FIG. 14). Step 104).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 20, in a state where the TBM main body 1 is fixed by the front trunk gripper 12, the fixing member 15a of the rear trunk gripper 15 is extended and pressed against the inner wall surface of the tunnel H to fix the TBM main body 1 (FIG. 14). Step 105).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 21, after the TBM body 1 is fixed with the front trunk gripper 12 and the rear trunk gripper 15, the sliding prevention jack 16 is shrunk and pulled forward, and then an empty area behind the sliding prevention jack 16. After inserting a new segment SG (step 106 in FIG. 14), as shown in FIG. 22, the fixing member 12a of the front trunk gripper 12 is shrunk to release the fixed state of the TBM main body 1 by the front trunk gripper 12 ( Step 107 in FIG.

  Thereafter, the completion of the excavation work is confirmed (step 108 in FIG. 14). If the excavation work is not completed, steps 101 to 107 are repeated. If the excavation work is completed, the excavation work is completed (step 109 in FIG. 14). .

  Thus, in the present embodiment, even the tunnel H inclined upward can be excavated safely and at high speed by the TBM body 1.

  Further, the excavated soil generated during excavation can be efficiently transported to the outside of the tunnel H through the small-sized, lightweight and simple structure of the excavated soil transport mechanism.

  Next, an example of a method for replacing the roller bit 4 of the TBM main body 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 23 to 25 are explanatory views of the TBM main body 1 during the roller bit 4 replacement process.

  First, after the excavation process by the TBM main body 1 is stopped, as shown in FIG. 23, the anti-slip jack 16 is pressed against the segment SG to fix the TBM main body 1.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 24, after the fixed state of the rear trunk gripper 15 is released, as shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the roller bit 4 is exchanged below and in front of the face by the direction correcting jack 13. And the outer excavation area on the front side of the cutter head 2 is expanded. This operation may be performed in a state where the TBM main body 1 is fixed only by the rear trunk gripper 15 or may be performed in a state where the TBM main body 1 is fixed by both the rear trunk gripper 15 and the anti-skid jack 16. good.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 27, the support member of the rear trunk gripper 15 in the TBM body 1, the soil removal pipe 6 and the hopper 5 are removed in order. At this time, the soil removal transport mechanism constituted by the hopper 5 and the soil discharge pipe 6 is smaller and simpler in configuration than the soil removal transport mechanism having a mechanism portion such as a screw conveyor. For this reason, even if the inside of the TBM main body 1 is inclined with a small diameter, the hopper 5 and the soil discharge pipe 6 can be removed relatively easily in a short time.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 28, after the transport rail 20 is laid in the TBM main body 1, a manual winch (operation means) 22 for carrying the transport carriage 21 onto the transport rail 20 and operating the transport cart 21 is provided. It is attached to the partition wall on the rear surface side of the cutter head 2 in the TBM main body 1 and the replacement preparation work is completed. Since the transport carriage 21 and the manual winch 22 are relatively small, they can be easily introduced even in the TBM main body 1 that is inclined with a small diameter. There is no increase.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 29, a take-out jig 23 for the roller bit 4 is attached, and the take-out jig 23 is used to remove the roller bit 4 that needs to be replaced due to wear or the like from the rear side of the cutter head 2. .

  Subsequently, a hook of a lever block (registered trademark) 24, which is a handling means, is hooked on the removed roller bit 4, and the roller bit 4 is lifted upward and carried to the transport carriage 21, as shown in FIG. By using the lever block 24, the work space is not taken, the tunnel H is inclined, the scaffolding in the TBM main body 1 is unstable, and the tunnel H has a small diameter and the work space is narrow. The roller bit 4 can be transported safely and easily.

  Thereafter, the roller bit 4 to be replaced is placed on the transport carriage 21 and fixed firmly, and then the transport carriage 21 is lowered along the transport rail 20 by the manual winch 22 as shown in FIG. Carry to the monorail above.

  There is also an aerial transport method that transports the roller bit 4 in the air as a means of transporting the roller bit 4 in the TBM body 1, but the TBM body 1 is inclined and the roller bit 4 is about 40 kg and heavy, The conveyance of the roller bit 4 in the air conveyance method is unstable. On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the roller bit 4 is conveyed by the conveyance rail 20 installed in a stable state, the roller bit 4 is kept in a stable state even when the inside of the TBM main body 1 is inclined. It can be transported safely and efficiently.

  Moreover, since the conveyance rail 20 does not take up an occupation area, it can be installed even if the tunnel H has a small diameter and the work space in the TBM main body 1 is narrow.

  Subsequently, the roller bit 4 to be replaced of the transporting carriage 21 is lowered, and a new roller bit 4 is placed on the transporting carriage 21 and fixed firmly, and then the transporting carriage 21 is manually operated as shown in FIG. 22 is pulled to the rear side of the cutter head 2.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 33, the new roller bit 4 on the transport carriage 21 is carried by the lever block 24 to the replacement part on the rear surface side of the cutter head 2 and inserted. Then, as shown in FIG. 34, the take-out jig 23 for the roller bit 4 is attached, and the new roller bit 4 is attached from the rear surface side of the cutter head 2 by the insertion jack 25.

  Thereafter, the manual winch 22, the transport carriage 21, and the transport rail 20 are removed in order, and then, as shown in FIG. 35, the support members for the hopper 5, the earth removal pipe 6, and the rear trunk gripper 15 are sequentially returned into the TBM main body 1, Attach to the designated site. At this time, the soil removal transport mechanism constituted by the hopper 5 and the soil discharge pipe 6 as described above is smaller and simpler in structure than the soil removal transport mechanism having a mechanism portion such as a screw conveyor. Even if the inside of 1 is inclined with a small diameter, the hopper 5 and the soil discharge pipe 6 can be returned to the TBM body 1 in a relatively short time.

  As described above, in the method of replacing the roller bit 4 of the TBM body 1 according to the present embodiment, the tunnel H has a small diameter even if the scaffold in the TBM body 1 is unstable because the tunnel H is inclined upward. Therefore, even if the work area in the TBM main body 1 is narrow, the roller bit 4 can be exchanged safely and efficiently.

  As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiment. However, the embodiment disclosed in this specification is an example in all respects and is limited to the disclosed technology. It should be considered not a thing. That is, the technical scope of the present invention should not be construed restrictively based on the description in the above-described embodiment, but should be construed according to the description of the scope of claims. All modifications are included without departing from the technical scope equivalent to the described technique and the gist of the claims.

  For example, the shape of the roller bit 4D of the above embodiment may be a conical ellipse. Thereby, the outward inclination angle of the side surface of the roller bit 4D can be adjusted.

  Further, a plurality of roller bits 4D may be arranged between the roller bit 4C on the center side in front of the cutter head 2 and the roller bit 4E on the outermost periphery. Also in this case, the inclination angle of each side surface (cutting part) of the plurality of roller bits 4D is gradually increased toward the outer periphery.

  In the above description, the case where the present invention is applied to the excavation process of the tunnel inclined upward is described, but the present invention is not limited to this and can also be applied to the excavation process of the horizontal tunnel.

1 TBM body (excavator body)
2 Cutter head 3 Cutter drive motor 4, 4A-4E Roller bit (excavating member)
4p outer peripheral part 4r bearing part 4s projecting blade 4x rotating shaft 5 hopper (soil-containing means)
6 Drainage pipe 7 Drainage tank 8 Negative pressure suction device 9 Air supply pipe 10 Additive supply pipe 11 Scraping plate 12 Front trunk gripper 13 Direction correction jack (direction correction means)
14 Propulsion jack 15 Rear trunk gripper (gripper)
16 Sliding prevention jack (sliding prevention means)
20 Transport rail 21 Transport cart 22 Manual winch (operating means)
23 Extraction jig 24 Lever block (handling means)

Claims (1)

With the excavator body fixed by a gripper, the cutter head on the front surface of the excavator body is rotated, and a plurality of excavation members on the front surface of the cutter head are pressed against the ground to rotate, thereby forming an upward or horizontal tunnel on the ground. A step of stopping the excavation process;
After stopping the excavation process, fixing the excavator body by means of slip-preventing means provided at the rear of the excavator body;
After stopping the excavation process, expanding the excavation area on the front side of the cutter head by the direction correcting means provided in the excavator body,
After fixing the excavator body by the slip-preventing means, releasing the gripper fixed state, and removing the gripper support member from the excavator body;
After removing the gripper support member, removing the soil removal pipe for transporting the soil generated by excavation of the ground to the outside of the tunnel from the inside of the excavator main body,
After removing the soil removal pipe, a step of removing from the inside of the excavator main body a waste storage means that is connected to the front of the soil removal pipe and accommodates the soil generated by excavation of the ground;
Laying a transport rail in the excavator body after removing the gripper support member, the soil discharge pipe, and the soil storage means;
Carrying a transport cart onto the transport rail;
A step of installing operating means for operating movement of the carriage on the rear side of the cutter head in the excavator body;
A step of placing the excavation member to be exchanged removed from the rear surface side of the cutter head on the transport cart by a cargo handling means, and transporting the excavator body by the movement of the transport cart by the operation means;
Transporting a new excavation member placed on the transport cart to the rear side of the cutter head by moving the transport cart by the operating means;
Carrying the new excavation member transported by the carriage to the replacement site by the cargo handling means, and mounting the replacement site from the rear side of the cutter head;
Removing the operating means, the transport carriage and the transport rail from the excavator body;
Returning the operation means, the transport carriage and the transport rail to the excavator body after returning the soil removal accommodation means, the soil discharge pipe and the gripper support member;
A method for exchanging excavation members of a tunnel excavator characterized by comprising:

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