JP5974652B2 - IC card communication method and IC card - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention belongs to a technical field in which an IC card having a plurality of interfaces for communication selects and communicates an interface according to the situation. In particular, an interface between an IC card (SIM card, UIM card, etc.) inserted in a mobile phone and registered with a unique ID number and the mobile phone, and near the IC card and the mobile phone, for example, It belongs to a technical field in which one of interfaces with a reader / writer placed in a store or the like is selected and communicated according to the situation.

A technique related to communication between an IC card having a plurality of interfaces for communication and a reader / writer is known.
For example, regardless of the polling interval on the reader / writer side, communication with the reader / writer is performed using a communication interface of an appropriate communication method. The communication method of the communication interface set as the default and the communication method is determined. If the communication method is the same, the default communication interface (for example, communication method α) is used, and the communication method is If not the same, the communication interface to be used is switched to a communication interface of another communication method (for example, communication method β) (Patent Document 1).
In addition, when any trouble occurs inside the portable information recording medium, for the purpose of identifying the cause, the IC card includes a communication unit having a non-contact communication unit and a contact communication unit, a non-contact communication unit, A CPU that controls the contact communication unit is provided. The CPU performs main communication in the non-contact communication unit, and in the test mode, the communication unit is switched from the non-contact communication unit to the contact communication unit, and the contact is performed. The communication unit notifies the contact external device of the information of the jump destination address as internal processing information (Patent Document 2).
Further, for the purpose of reducing the waiting time of the user, the IC card includes a communication unit having a non-contact communication unit and a contact communication unit, a CPU for controlling the communication unit, and the like. The main communication with the reader / writer is performed in the unit, the communication means is switched from the non-contact communication unit to the contact communication unit while the communication is performed, and the PDA (second external device) is switched with the switched contact communication unit. After communication is completed, the communication means is switched from the contact communication unit to the non-contact communication unit, and a response is made to the non-contact communication unit reader / writer 20a that has switched (Patent Document 3).

JP2006-072786 JP2007-011419 JP2007-034774

By the way, as an interface of an IC card, ISO 7816 (ISO: International Organization for Standardization), USB (Universal Serial Bus), SWP (Single Wire Protocol) are known as communication methods with an external terminal (contact type). As a non-contact type (proximity type) communication method, Type A, Type B, and Type C (Felica (registered trademark)) are known. A dual interface card compatible with both contact type and proximity type communication methods is known.
Further, a communication system called NFC (Near Field Communication) is known as a standard for a short-range wireless communication system having a longer communication distance than the above-mentioned proximity type. NFC is a communication method that can realize compatibility with Type A, Type B, and Type C. NFC defines three modes: a card emulation (IC card function) mode, a reader / writer mode, and a P2P (Peer-to-Peer) mode. Devices equipped with NFC, such as mobile phones, can be used for non-contact IC cards, IC card reader / writers, and device-to-device communication.
In the above-described prior art, a configuration using a plurality of interfaces in communication between an IC card and a reader / writer is disclosed. However, a configuration for selecting a suitable interface according to the situation is not disclosed.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems. The purpose is to interface between the IC card (SIM card, UIM card, etc.) inserted in the mobile phone and registered with a unique ID number and the mobile phone, and near the IC card and the mobile phone. Provided is an IC card communication method and an IC card that are used for communication by selecting an appropriate interface according to the communication status in communication that can use any interface with a reader / writer placed at, for example, a store. There is to do.

An IC card communication method according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a first interface between an IC card inserted into a mobile phone and the mobile phone, and a reader / writer near the IC card and the mobile phone. a communication method for an IC card having a second interface between the the mobile phone performs the operation immediately before the start of the settlement by the settlement application, the IC card, the mobile phone battery remaining sTATUS of the mobile phone A state detection process for detecting the amount, and when the remaining battery level reaches a reference remaining battery level as a selection criterion for selecting an interface, the first interface is selected, and the first interface is used to select the first battery level. When payment is made using a cellular phone line and the remaining battery level does not reach the reference remaining battery level And the above by selecting the second interface, the interface selection process through the second interface performs settlement using the reader-writer,
Is to be executed .
An IC card according to claim 2 of the present invention is a first interface between an IC card inserted into a mobile phone and the mobile phone, and between the IC card and a reader / writer near the mobile phone. In the IC card having the second interface, the status detection means for detecting the remaining battery level of the mobile phone as the status of the mobile phone, and the remaining battery level as a reference battery level as a selection criterion for selecting an interface. When the amount has reached, the first interface is selected and settlement is performed using the cellular phone line through the first interface, and when the remaining battery level has not reached the reference battery level. Select the second interface, and make a payment using the reader / writer through the second interface. An interface selection means, in which to have a.

  According to the present invention, an interface between an IC card (SIM card, UIM card, etc.) inserted into a mobile phone and registered with a unique ID number and the mobile phone, and the IC card and the mobile phone An IC card communication method and an IC card are provided that select and communicate with any of the interfaces with a reader / writer located nearby, for example, at a storefront, etc. depending on the situation.

It is a block diagram which shows an example (the 1) of a structure in the mobile telephone equipped with the IC card of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example (the 2) of a structure in the mobile telephone equipped with the IC card of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example (the 1) of operation | movement in the IC card communication method of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example (the 2) of operation | movement in the IC card communication method of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example (the 3) of operation | movement in the IC card communication method of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example (the 4) of operation | movement in the IC card communication method of this invention.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example (part 1) of the configuration of a mobile phone equipped with the IC card of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, 1 is an IC card, 2 is a contact I / F (interface), 3 is a non-contact I / F, 4 is a mobile phone payment AP (Application software), 5 is an IC card AP, 51 is The status detection means 52 is an interface selection means.
The IC card 1 is, for example, an IC card such as a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module Card), a UIM (User Identity Module Card), or a UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card). A unique ID number is registered in the IC card 1, and the ID number and the telephone number are associated with each other to enable communication using a mobile phone. The IC card 1 is used by being attached to a mobile phone, and even if it is not the same mobile phone, the attached mobile phone becomes a mobile phone having a phone number determined by the IC card 1. If a plurality of IC cards 1 are prepared, they can be used as mobile phones having different phone numbers depending on the IC card to which the same mobile phone is attached.

The contact I / F 2 is, for example, contact type communication means whose communication method conforms to ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 7816. The contact I / F 2 performs communication between the IC card 1 and the mobile phone. That is, communication using a telephone line by a mobile phone can be performed through the contact I / F 2.
The non-contact I / F 3 is, for example, NFC IP-2 non-contact (short-distance communication) communication means that is NFC (Near Field Communication) conforming to ISO / IEC21481. IEC is the International Electrotechnical Commission.

  The non-contact I / F 3 is configured to be included in the IC card 1 in FIG. 1, but the non-contact I / F 3 can be provided as a mechanism that cooperates with the IC card 1 in the mobile phone. FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an example (part 2) of the configuration of the mobile phone equipped with the IC card of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, it is assumed that the IC card 1 is an IC card that supports T = 0 protocol communication and SWP / HCI communication. At this time, the contact I / F 2 performs T = 0 protocol communication that the IC card 1 has. Further, the non-contact I / F 3 performs NFC communication by a non-contact wireless chip CLF (Contactless Front End) connected by SWP / HIC communication of the IC card 1. The HIC (Host Controller Interface) manages communication between the IC card 1 and the CLF in the upper layer of the SWP. NFC is a communication method that can realize compatibility with Type A, Type B, and Type C (Felica; FeliCa (registered trademark)). Therefore, the mobile phone can communicate with a reader / writer (an IC card reader / writer) that communicates with any of the communication methods of Type A, Type B, and Type C by using the non-contact I / F 3. .

  In FIG. 1, a mobile phone settlement AP4 is an example of application software (AP) installed in a mobile phone. The mobile phone payment AP4 is application software for selecting a credit card payment and making a payment with the mobile phone when an article is purchased using the mobile phone. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a mobile phone payment AP 4 is mounted on the mobile phone, and the IC card 1 is authenticated with payment through the interface of the IC card 1 in cooperation with the mobile phone payment AP 4. There is an AP 5 for IC card to be performed. That is, the mobile phone settlement AP4 performs the entire process in the settlement process, the IC card AP5 is the contact I / F2, that is, the authentication of the settlement using the telephone line, and the IC card AP6 is the non-contact I / F3. That is, one of the authentications of payment using the reader / writer is selected and performed.

The IC card AP 5 includes a status detection unit 51 and an interface selection unit 52.
The situation detection means 51 detects the situation of the mobile phone. The interface selection means 52 compares the detected situation with a selection criterion for selecting an interface, and a contact I / F2 for authenticating payment using a telephone line and payment authentication using a reader / writer. One of the non-contact I / Fs 3 for performing communication is selected as an interface used for communication.
The situation detected by the situation detection unit 51 and the selection criteria compared by the interface selection unit 52 will be described in detail in the description of the operation process. The situation and selection criteria are, for example, payment amount and reference payment amount, battery remaining amount and reference battery remaining amount, time zone and reference time zone, availability of use of telephone line and reader / writer (non-contact communication), and the like.

Next, an operation process in the IC card communication method of the present invention will be described. An example (part 1) of the operation in the IC card communication method of the present invention is shown as a flowchart in FIG.
First, in step S101 of FIG. 3 (can the mobile phone payment AP be used?), The mobile phone payment AP4 determines whether or not payment using the mobile phone payment AP4 is possible. For example, if the credit card that can be used in the mobile phone payment AP4 does not match the credit card designated by the handling object handling organization (for example, a store) or a payment agent company, payment cannot be made. . As a result of the determination, if the payment is possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances the process to S102. If the payment is not possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 proceeds to S109 (payment processing cancellation). In S109, the mobile phone payment AP4 cancels the payment by the mobile phone payment AP. .
Next, in Step S102 (Can the IC card AP be used?), The mobile phone payment AP4 determines whether or not the payment using the IC card AP5 is possible. For example, if the combination of the IC card AP5 and the mobile phone payment AP4 is not a combination that allows coordinated payment processing, payment cannot be made. As a result of the determination, if the payment is possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances the process to S103. If the payment is not possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 proceeds to S109 (payment processing stop), and the mobile phone payment AP4 stops the payment by the mobile phone payment AP in S109.

Next, in step S103 (payment process start), the mobile phone payment AP4 starts the payment process.
Next, in step S104 (payment amount> threshold?), The status detection means 51 of the IC card AP 5 detects the payment amount in the course of the payment process. The interface selection means 52 of the IC card AP 5 compares the detected settlement amount with a predetermined threshold, that is, a reference settlement amount as a selection criterion. When the settlement amount exceeds the reference settlement amount, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S105. If the settlement amount is equal to or less than the reference settlement amount, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S107.
Next, in step S105 (telephone line available?), The interface selecting unit 52 determines whether or not the cellular phone telephone line can be used. For example, it cannot be used when radio waves on the telephone line do not reach. As a result of the determination, when it is possible to use the telephone line of the mobile phone, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S106. If the telephone line of the mobile phone cannot be used, the interface selection means 52 advances the processing to S109 (payment processing stop), and in S109, the interface selection means 52 performs the payment by the mobile phone payment AP. Will be canceled.
Next, in step S106 (payment process using a telephone line), the IC card AP5 performs a payment authentication process through the contact I / F2, and the mobile phone payment AP4 and the IC card AP5 establish a telephone line through a coordinated operation. Perform the payment process used.

On the other hand, as described above, when the settlement amount is equal to or smaller than the reference settlement amount in step S104, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S107.
Next, in step S107 (contactless communication available?), The interface selection unit 52 determines whether or not the reader / writer can use the contactless communication. For example, it cannot be used when the reader / writer is not a reader / writer equipped with non-contact communication capable of communicating with the non-contact I / F 3 of the IC card 1. As a result of the determination, when the contactless communication of the reader / writer can be used, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S108. If it is impossible to use non-contact communication of the reader / writer, the interface selection unit 52 advances the processing to step S105, and performs the processing after step S105 described above.
Next, in step S108 (payment processing using non-contact), the IC card AP5 performs a payment authentication process through the non-contact I / F 3, and the mobile phone payment AP4 and the IC card AP5 perform a reader / writer by a coordinated operation. Settlement process using.

Next, an example (part 2) of the operation in the IC card communication method of the present invention is shown as a flowchart in FIG.
First, in step S201 of FIG. 4 (can the mobile phone payment AP be used?), The mobile phone payment AP4 determines whether or not payment using the mobile phone payment AP4 is possible. For example, if the credit card that can be used in the mobile phone payment AP4 does not match the credit card designated by the handling object handling organization (for example, a store) or a payment agent company, payment cannot be made. . As a result of the determination, if the payment is possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances the process to S202. If the payment is not possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances the process to S209 (payment process stop). In S209, the mobile phone payment AP4 stops the payment by the mobile phone payment AP. .
Next, in step S202 (IC card AP can be used?), The mobile phone payment AP4 determines whether or not payment using the IC card AP5 is possible. For example, if the combination of the IC card AP5 and the mobile phone payment AP4 is not a combination that allows coordinated payment processing, payment cannot be made. As a result of the determination, if the payment is possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances the process to S203. If the payment is not possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 proceeds to S209 (payment processing stop), and in S209, the mobile phone payment AP4 stops the payment by the mobile phone payment AP.

Next, in step S203 (payment process start), the mobile phone payment AP4 starts the payment process.
Next, in step S204 (battery remaining amount> threshold?), The status detection means 51 of the IC card AP 5 detects the battery remaining amount of the mobile phone in the course of the settlement process. The interface selection means 52 of the IC card AP 5 compares the detected remaining battery level with a predetermined threshold value, that is, a reference remaining battery level as a selection criterion. If the remaining battery level exceeds the reference remaining battery level, the interface selecting unit 52 advances the process to step S205. If the remaining battery level is equal to or lower than the reference remaining battery level, the interface selecting unit 52 advances the process to step S207.
Next, in step S205 (telephone line available?), The interface selecting unit 52 determines whether or not the cellular phone telephone line can be used. For example, it cannot be used when radio waves on the telephone line do not reach. As a result of the determination, when it is possible to use the telephone line of the mobile phone, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S206. If the telephone line of the mobile phone cannot be used, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to S209 (payment processing stop). In S209, the interface selection unit 52 performs the payment by the mobile phone payment AP. Will be canceled.
Next, in step S206 (payment processing using a telephone line), the IC card AP5 performs a payment authentication process through the contact I / F2, and the mobile phone payment AP4 and the IC card AP5 establish a telephone line through a coordinated operation. Perform the payment process used.

On the other hand, as described above, when the remaining battery level is equal to or lower than the reference remaining battery level in step S204, the interface selecting unit 52 advances the process to step S207.
Next, in step S207 (can contactless communication be used?), The interface selection unit 52 determines whether or not the reader / writer can use the contactless communication. For example, it cannot be used when the reader / writer is not a reader / writer equipped with non-contact communication capable of communicating with the non-contact I / F 3 of the IC card 1. As a result of the determination, when the contactless communication of the reader / writer can be used, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S208. If it is impossible to use the contactless communication of the reader / writer, the interface selection means 52 advances the process to S209 (payment processing stop), and in S209, the interface selection means 52 uses the mobile phone payment AP. Settlement is canceled.
Next, in step S208 (payment processing using non-contact), the IC card AP5 performs a payment authentication process through the non-contact I / F 3, and the mobile phone payment AP4 and the IC card AP5 perform a reader / writer through a coordinated operation. Settlement process using.

Next, an operation process in the IC card communication method of the present invention will be described. An example (part 3) of the operation in the IC card communication method of the present invention is shown as a flowchart in FIG.
First, in step S301 of FIG. 5 (can the mobile phone payment AP be used?), The mobile phone payment AP4 determines whether or not payment using the mobile phone payment AP4 is possible. For example, if the credit card that can be used in the mobile phone payment AP4 does not match the credit card designated by the handling object handling organization (for example, a store) or a payment agent company, payment cannot be made. . As a result of the determination, if the payment is possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances the process to S302. If the payment is not possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 proceeds to S309 (payment processing cancellation). In S309, the mobile phone payment AP4 cancels the payment by the mobile phone payment AP. .
Next, in step S302 (Can the IC card AP be used?), The mobile phone payment AP4 determines whether or not payment using the IC card AP5 is possible. For example, if the combination of the IC card AP5 and the mobile phone payment AP4 is not a combination that allows coordinated payment processing, payment cannot be made. As a result of the determination, if the payment is possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances the process to S303. If the payment is not possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 proceeds to S309 (payment processing stop), and the mobile phone payment AP4 stops the payment by the mobile phone payment AP in S309.

Next, in step S303 (payment process start), the mobile phone payment AP4 starts the payment process.
Next, in step S304 (time = congestion time zone?), The status detection means 51 of the IC card AP 5 detects the time in the course of the settlement process. The interface selection means 52 of the IC card AP 5 compares the detected time with a predetermined threshold, that is, a congestion time zone as a selection criterion. When the time is out of the busy time zone, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S305. When the time is included in the busy time zone, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S307.
Next, in step S305 (telephone line available?), Whether or not the status detecting means 51 of the IC card AP 5 can use the cellular phone line in the course of the settlement process, that is, whether the telephone line is used or not. Detects availability. For example, it cannot be used when radio waves on the telephone line do not reach. The interface selection means 52 compares the detected availability of the telephone line with the availability as a selection criterion. When the result of the comparison is Yes (match), that is, when the telephone line can be used, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S306, that is, selects the telephone line. On the other hand, if the result of the comparison is No (mismatch) in step S305 described above, that is, if the telephone line is not used, the interface selection means 52 advances the process to S309 (payment process stop), and performs the payment process in S309. It will be canceled.
Next, in step S306 (payment processing using a telephone line), the IC card AP5 performs a payment authentication process through the contact I / F2, and the mobile phone payment AP4 and the IC card AP5 establish a telephone line through a coordinated operation. Perform the payment process used.

On the other hand, when the time is included in the congestion time zone in step S304 described above, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S307.
Next, in step S307 (non-contact communication available?), The status detection unit 51 detects whether the reader / writer can use non-contact communication, that is, whether non-contact communication can be used. For example, it cannot be used when the reader / writer is not a reader / writer equipped with non-contact communication capable of communicating with the non-contact I / F 3 of the IC card 1. The interface selection unit 52 compares the detected availability of non-contact communication with the availability as a selection criterion. When the result of the comparison is Yes (match), that is, when contactless communication is available, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S308, that is, selects contactless communication. On the other hand, if the result of the comparison is No (non-coincidence) in step S307 described above, that is, if non-contact communication is not used, the interface selection unit 52 advances the processing to S305, and performs the steps after S305 described above.
Next, in step S308 (settlement process using non-contact), the IC card AP5 performs a settlement authentication process through the non-contact I / F 3, and the mobile phone settlement AP4 and the IC card AP5 perform a reader / writer through a coordinated operation. Settlement process using.

Next, an example (part 4) of the operation in the IC card communication method of the present invention is shown as a flowchart in FIG.
First, in step S401 of FIG. 4 (can the mobile phone payment AP be used?), The mobile phone payment AP4 determines whether payment using the mobile phone payment AP4 is possible. For example, if the credit card that can be used in the mobile phone payment AP4 does not match the credit card designated by the handling object handling organization (for example, a store) or a payment agent company, payment cannot be made. . As a result of the determination, if the payment is possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances the process to S402. If the payment is not possible, the mobile phone payment AP 4 advances the process to S408 (payment of payment process), and stops the payment process in S408.
Next, in step S402 (IC card AP can be used?), The mobile phone payment AP4 determines whether payment using the IC card AP5 is possible. For example, if the combination of the IC card AP5 and the mobile phone payment AP4 is not a combination that allows coordinated payment processing, payment cannot be made. As a result of the determination, if the payment is possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances the process to S403. If the payment is not possible, the mobile phone payment AP4 advances to S408 (payment processing stop), and the payment processing is stopped in S408.

Next, in step S403 (payment process start), the mobile phone payment AP4 starts the payment process.
Next, in step S404 (telephone line available?), Whether or not the status detection means 51 of the IC card AP 5 can use the mobile telephone line in the course of the settlement process, that is, whether the telephone line is used or not. Detects availability. For example, it cannot be used when radio waves on the telephone line do not reach. The interface selection means 52 compares the detected availability of the telephone line with the availability as a selection criterion. When the result of the comparison is Yes (match), that is, when the telephone line can be used, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S407, that is, selects the telephone line. On the other hand, if the result of the comparison is No (mismatch), that is, the telephone line cannot be used, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to S406.
Next, in step S405 (payment processing using a telephone line), the IC card AP5 performs a payment authentication process through the contact I / F2, and the mobile phone payment AP4 and the IC card AP5 establish a telephone line through a coordinated operation. Perform the payment process used.
On the other hand, if the result of the comparison is No (non-coincidence) in step S404 described above, that is, if the telephone line is not used, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to S406.

Next, in step S406 (can use non-contact communication?), The status detection unit 51 detects whether or not the reader / writer can use non-contact communication, that is, whether or not non-contact communication can be used. For example, it cannot be used when the reader / writer is not a reader / writer equipped with non-contact communication capable of communicating with the non-contact I / F 3 of the IC card 1. The interface selection unit 52 compares the detected availability of non-contact communication with the availability as a selection criterion. When the result of the comparison is Yes (match), that is, when contactless communication is available, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to step S407, that is, selects contactless communication.
Next, in step S407 (payment process using non-contact), the IC card AP5 performs the payment authentication process through the non-contact I / F 3, and the mobile phone payment AP4 and the IC card AP5 perform the reader / writer through a coordinated operation. Settlement process using.
On the other hand, if the result of the comparison is No (non-coincidence) in step S406 described above, that is, if non-contact communication is not used, the interface selection unit 52 advances the process to S408 (payment process cancellation), and in S408 the payment process Will be canceled.

  Any of an IC card inserted into a mobile phone and registered with a unique ID number, an interface between the mobile phone, and an interface between the IC card and a reader / writer near the mobile phone It is possible to use in communication performed by selecting depending on the situation.

1 IC card 2 Contact I / F
3 Non-contact I / F (interface)
4 Mobile phone payment AP (Application software)
5 AP for IC card
51 Status detection means 52 Interface selection means

Claims (2)

IC card communication method having a first interface between an IC card inserted in a mobile phone and the mobile phone, and a second interface between the IC card and a reader / writer near the mobile phone In
When the mobile phone performs an operation immediately before the start of payment by a payment application, the IC card
A state detection process for detecting the remaining battery level of the mobile phone as the state of the mobile phone ;
When the remaining battery level has reached a reference remaining battery level as a selection criterion for selecting an interface, the first interface is selected, and settlement using the cellular phone line through the first interface An interface selection step of selecting the second interface when the remaining battery level does not reach the reference remaining battery level, and performing settlement using the reader / writer through the second interface ;
IC card communication method characterized by the execution. In an IC card having a first interface between an IC card inserted into a mobile phone and the mobile phone, and a second interface between the IC card and a reader / writer near the mobile phone,
Status detecting means for detecting the remaining battery level of the mobile phone as the status of the mobile phone ;
When the remaining battery level has reached a reference remaining battery level as a selection criterion for selecting an interface, the first interface is selected, and settlement using the cellular phone line through the first interface Interface selection means for selecting the second interface when the remaining battery level does not reach the reference remaining battery level, and making a settlement using the reader / writer through the second interface ;
An IC card characterized by comprising:

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