JP5972204B2 - Hydroelectric generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a small hydroelectric power generation apparatus installed in a waterway or a river having a relatively small flow rate or drop such as an agricultural or industrial waterway.

  Conventionally, there has been a small hydroelectric power generation device installed in an irrigation channel such as an agricultural or industrial channel. For example, the hydroelectric power generator disclosed in Patent Document 1 installs a frame body on the bottom surface of a downstream waterway of a drop head such as an agricultural waterway, and the power generator such as a water turbine or a hydroelectric power generator is located above the frame body. It is provided detachably from. In this hydroelectric power generation device, a rotating shaft having a vertical shaft structure is attached to a reaction-type water turbine runner vane, and a generator is connected to the rotating shaft via a transmission mechanism. In addition, as disclosed in Patent Literature 2, a hydraulic power generation apparatus in which a rectangular water storage tank is installed on the bottom bottom surface of the head of the water channel, a fixed blade is provided below the water storage tank, and a power generation unit is installed thereabove. A configuration of this is also proposed.

JP-A-2005-320883 JP 2004-124829 A

  In the case of the above-described background art, the hydroelectric generator and its fixed structure are constructed on the bottom surface of the head of the irrigation canal, which is cumbersome and time-consuming. In addition, the head of the irrigation canal varies greatly depending on the slope of the topography, and the head of water that can be used for hydropower generation cannot be set to a constant value. The design and construction had to be done together, and it took a lot of time for design and construction. Furthermore, the flow rate of the water flowing through the irrigation channel is not constant, so that it cannot flexibly respond to the change in the flow rate, and damage to the water conduit and the like is likely to occur due to the large flow rate at the time of water increase. In addition, when installing the power generation device main body, the completed power generation device main body may not be carried in depending on the installation location.

  The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the background art described above, and is easy to install regardless of the shape of the drop head to be installed and the drop, with a simple configuration, and with respect to changes in the flow rate of water flowing through the irrigation channel. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydroelectric power generation apparatus that can flexibly cope with power generation and generate power efficiently.

  The present invention includes a water intake barrel through which water passes from above to below, a water throttle portion provided coaxially below the water intake barrel, and a rotary screw provided below the water throttle portion; A power generator main body provided with a generator connected to a shaft fixed to the rotary screw, and a frame body holding the power generator main body, and a beam member to which the frame body is fixed, The hydroelectric power generator is configured such that the power generator main body is suspended and fixed to a headway of a water channel by the beam member in a state where the frame body to which the power generator main body is fixed is fixed to the beam member. A water intake passage that protrudes upstream of the water channel is provided at a position near the upper end of the side surface of the water intake barrel, and an opening at the tip of the water intake channel faces the upstream of the water channel and takes in water flowing from the upstream. It becomes a water intake and reaches the bottom surface on the upstream side of the drop work and is placed, and the opening at the other end opens to the water intake cylinder and serves as an inlet for flowing water. Between the water intake and the inflow port of the water intake channel, an adjustment port that opens toward the bottom surface on the downstream side of the drop work, a closing plate that opens and closes the adjustment port, and the closing plate An opening / closing holding device is provided for opening and closing. When the amount of water flowing from the upstream side of the water channel is large, the hydroelectric generator opens the closing plate to drop excess water on the bottom surface on the downstream side of the drop work, and allows an appropriate amount of remaining water to flow to the power generator body. To generate electricity.

  The closing plate is attached in a cantilevered manner with a hinge member to an edge portion of the adjustment port close to the water intake port, and a wire rope is attached to an end opposite to the hinge member, and the closing plate is connected to the downstream side. The open / close holding device that opens toward the bottom surface of the side water channel and opens and closes the closing plate is provided with a reel that winds up the wire rope, a handle that rotates the reel, and a stopper that stops the rotation of the reel.

  In the hydroelectric power generator of the present invention, the main body of the power generator is suspended from the beam member and installed in the water channel. Therefore, it is possible to install the hydroelectric power generator without installing a structure on the bottom surface of the drop work or the like during construction. The workability is very good. It can be constructed regardless of the size of the head. In addition, when the amount of water flowing from the upstream of the water channel is large or when inspecting the power generator main body, the amount of water flowing into the hydroelectric generator can be reduced to an appropriate amount, and safety and maintainability are good. is there.

It is a partially broken front view of the hydroelectric generator of one embodiment of this invention. It is a left view of the hydroelectric generator of one embodiment of this invention. It is a partial fracture top view of the hydroelectric generator of one embodiment of this invention. 1 is a partially broken perspective view of a hydroelectric generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the schematic which shows the inflow port of the hydroelectric generator of one Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the water intake cylinder of the hydroelectric generator of one Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 6 show an embodiment of the present invention. A hydroelectric power generation apparatus 10 according to this embodiment is provided in a water channel 12 having a relatively small flow rate or head for agricultural or industrial use. It is attached to the drop head 14 having a height difference on the bottom surface. The pair of left and right shore portions 12 a of the water channel 12 are inclined in a direction of descending downstream on both sides of the drop work 14.

  On the outside of the pair of shore portions 12a of the water channel 12, a base 16 to which the hydroelectric generator 10 is attached is provided. The base 16 is provided along the shore 12 a of the water channel 12, and the cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the flow direction of the water channel 12 is a trapezoid in which the upper end 16 a is substantially horizontal, and the upper end 16 a is in a direction along the water channel 12. Is also provided almost horizontally. A pair of beam members 18 made of steel are provided on the upper end portions 16a of the pair of left and right bases 16, and the beam members 18 intersect the flow direction of the water channel 12 at almost right angles and are bridged between the pair of upper end portions 16a. .

  A metal frame 20 assembled in a rectangular shape is fixed to the beam member 18 with a bolt, and a cylindrical power generation device main body 11 is attached in the frame 20. The frame body 20 includes a rectangular upper frame portion 20a fitted with a slight clearance between the pair of beam members 18, a lower frame portion 20b having the same shape as the upper frame portion 20a, and an upper frame portion 20a. It is comprised by the four vertical frame parts 20c which connect the corner | angular parts of the lower frame part 20b. Mounting frames 21 longer than the distance between the pair of beam members 18 are provided on a pair of parallel sides of the upper frame portion 20a. The frame body 20 is attached by mounting the attachment frame 21 over the upper surfaces of the pair of beam members 18 and fixed with bolts or the like, and the vertical frame portion 20c hangs down from the beam member 18 to the lower frame portion at a predetermined position. 20b has reached.

  A long plate-like mounting plate 24 is provided on the upper frame portion 20 a of the frame body 20. The mounting plate 24 is bridged and fixed on a pair of sides parallel to the flow direction of the water channel 12 of the upper frame portion 20a of the frame body 20. At the center of the mounting plate 24, a through hole is provided and a bearing 72 penetrating vertically is attached. A speed increaser 76 is provided on the upper surface of the mounting plate 24, and a generator 78 is provided above the speed increaser 76. A housing 80 is fixed to the mounting plate 24 with bolts around the speed increaser 76 and the generator 78, and the speed increaser 76 and the generator 78 are fixed by the housing 80. The rotating shaft of the generator 78 is connected to the rotating shaft of the speed increasing device 76 via the joint member 74, and the rotating shaft of the speed increasing device 76 is connected to the shaft 70 via the joint member 75. The shaft 70 is a long cylindrical rod body, is held by the bearing 72 of the mounting plate 24 and passes therethrough, extends below the mounting plate 24, and passes through the centers of the four vertical frame portions 20 c of the frame body 20. And slightly lower than the lower frame portion 20b. A cover member 81 is attached to the outside of the housing 80, and the speed increaser 76 and the generator 78 are covered with the cover member 81.

  A water intake drum 28 is fixed inside the frame body 20. The intake cylinder 28 has a cylindrical shape that opens up and down, and has an upper end fixed in the middle of the vertical frame 20 c of the frame 20 and a lower end fixed to the lower frame 20 b of the frame 20.

  At a position near the upper end of the side surface of the water intake barrel 28, a water intake cylinder 30 that is a water intake water passage projecting upstream of the water channel 12 is provided. The intake cylinder 30 is a rectangular cylinder, and the opening at the tip thereof is an intake port 32 that takes in the water flowing through the water channel 12 facing the upstream side of the water channel 12, reaches the upstream water channel bottom surface 14 a of the drop head 14, and is placed. ing. The other opening is an inlet 34 that opens to the side of the intake cylinder 28 and takes water into the intake cylinder 28. Between the water intake port 32 and the inflow port 34, an adjustment port 36 that opens toward the downstream water channel bottom surface 14b of the drop work 14 is provided.

  The adjustment port 36 is rectangular, and the adjustment port 36 is provided with a closing plate 38 that closes the adjustment port 36 so as to be opened and closed, and an opening / closing holding device 42 that opens and closes the closing plate 38. The closing plate 38 is attached in a cantilevered state with a hinge member 40 at the edge of the adjustment port 36 near the water intake port 32. A wire rope 44 having an appropriate strength is attached to the center of the end of the closing plate 38 located on the inner peripheral surface of the water intake cylinder 30 on the side opposite to the hinge member 40.

  An open / close holding device 42 that opens and closes the closing plate 38 is fixed to the upper surface 30 a of the water intake cylinder 30 via a small frame 31. The open / close holding device 42 is provided with a reel 46 for winding the wire rope 44, a handle 48 for rotating the reel 46, and a stopper 46 a for stopping the rotation of the reel 46. When the wire rope 44 is wound around the reel 46 and shortened, the closing plate 38 closes the adjustment port 36, and when the reel 46 is turned and the wire rope 44 is drawn out to a predetermined length and locked by the stopper 46a, the closing plate 38 is closed. The plate 38 rotates about the hinge member 40 and opens downward to maintain an open state with a predetermined opening area. The upper surface 30a of the water intake cylinder 30 is provided with a through hole through which the wire rope 44 is inserted in the vicinity of the opening and closing device 42, and the wire rope 44 passes through the through hole and enters the intake pipe 30 to be a closing plate. It is attached to an attachment portion 38a provided at the open / close end of 38.

  A water squeezing portion 50 is continuously fixed to the lower end portion of the water intake barrel 28. The water constriction portion 50 is integrally provided with a cylindrical truncated cone portion 52 that narrows downward, and a cylindrical portion 54 that is continuous with the lower end portion of the cylindrical truncated cone portion 52 and extends downward. The upper end portion is fixed to the lower end portion of the intake cylinder 28.

  A water squeezing drum 56 located on the central axis of the water intake drum 28 is provided inside the cylindrical truncated cone part 52 of the water squeezing part 50. The water squeezing drum 56 has a central axis parallel to the intake cylinder 28 and has a conical portion 56a whose diameter increases downward and a large diameter portion at the lower end of the conical portion 56a, and is continuous with the intake cylinder 28. A cylindrical portion 56b having a diameter equal to the diameter of the large diameter portion is provided in parallel. The diameter of the cylindrical part 56b is smaller than the thinnest inner diameter of the cylindrical truncated cone part 52, and a space for obtaining a predetermined water flow is made open. An insertion portion 56 c through which the shaft 70 is inserted is provided through the central axis of the water squeezing drum 56. A fixed guide vane 58 is provided on the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 56 b of the water squeezing drum 56. The fixed guide vanes 58 are a plurality of rectangular plates that divide the space between the columnar portion 56 b and the cylindrical truncated cone portion 52 in the radial direction along the circumference of the cylindrical truncated cone portion 52. One side edge portion is fixed to the cylindrical portion 56b of the water squeezing drum 56, the side edge portion facing this side edge portion is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical truncated cone portion 52, and the other pair of side edge portions are It is exposed inside the cylindrical truncated cone part 52. The mounting angle of each fixed guide vane 58 is inclined so as to curve downward in the clockwise direction with respect to the central axis direction of the cylindrical truncated cone part 52, and the inclined angle is in the direction of the central axis of the cylindrical truncated cone part 52. The angle is 20 ° to 30 °, preferably about 25 ° to 35 °, and is provided so as to be substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the blade portion 64 of the rotary screw 60 described later. Here, the right angle includes an angle in the range of 80 ° to 100 ° around 90 °.

  A rotary screw 60 is rotatably provided inside the cylindrical portion 54 of the water throttle portion 50. A shaft portion 62 perpendicular to the rotation surface of the rotary screw 60 is provided, and a plurality of blade portions 64 are provided on the side peripheral surface of the shaft portion 62. Each blade portion 64 is provided in a spiral shape that moves counterclockwise downward with respect to the axial direction of the shaft portion 62, and a plurality of blade portions 64 are provided in parallel to each other. An insertion hole penetrating in the axial direction is provided at the center of the shaft portion 62, and an intermediate portion of the shaft 70 is rotatably attached to the insertion hole.

  A holding cylinder 65 is continuously fixed to the lower end portion of the water throttle unit 50. The holding cylinder 65 has the same diameter as the cylindrical part 54 of the water throttle part 50 and is provided with a short insertion direction. A holding portion 68 that passes through the center of the holding cylinder 65 is integrally provided on the inner peripheral surface of the holding cylinder 65, a bearing member 82 is provided at the center of the holding portion 68, and the lower end portion of the shaft 70 is The bearing member 82 is pivotally held and held.

  A water conduit 66 is continuously fixed to the lower end of the holding cylinder 65. The water guide pipe 66 has the same diameter as the holding cylinder 65, and the insertion direction is longer than the holding cylinder 65 and opens toward the downstream water channel bottom surface 14 b of the drop work 14.

  Next, the installation method of the hydroelectric generator 10 of this embodiment is demonstrated. The water channel 12 to which the hydroelectric generator 10 is attached has a relatively small flow rate and drop made for agriculture or industry, is formed of concrete, and is formed on both sides of the drop work 14 suitable for installation of the hydroelectric generator 10. A base 16 is formed. The beam member 18 is bridged and fixed to the pair of upper end portions 16a of the base 16, and the frame body 20 is fixed to the beam member 18 together with the power generator main body 11 assembled in advance. At the time of installation, the hydroelectric generator 10 is suspended by a crane (not shown) on the side of the water channel 12 where the drop work 14 is located, and the beam member 18 is bridged between the upper ends 16a of the pair of bases 16 and aligned. , Fix. At this time, the pair of beam members 18 intersect the flow direction of the water channel 12, the water intake tube 30 protrudes toward the upstream of the water channel 12, and the vicinity of the hinge member 40 of the adjustment port 36 of the water intake tube 30 is the drop work 14. Position so as to face the corner.

  In addition, when it is not possible to bring a crane near the drop head 14 of the water channel 12, the power generator main body 11 is disassembled and carried to the site, assembled on the site, the beam member 18 is installed on the base 16, and the beam member 18 is The frame body 20 may be assembled into a suspended state, and thereafter, the components such as the water intake drum 28 and the generator 78 may be sequentially assembled into the frame body 20 for construction.

  Next, the operation of the hydroelectric generator 10 will be described. The water that has flowed through the water channel 12 is taken from the water intake port 32 of the water intake tube 30, passes through the inflow port 34, and flows into the water intake drum 28. The water flowing into the intake drum 28 falls vertically, the flow path is throttled by the water squeezing drum 56 and the water squeezing unit 50, the flow velocity is increased, and the water is divided into a plurality of places by the fixed guide vane 58, and the fixed guide It flows down along the extension of the vane 58. The position where the light flows down is in the vicinity of the end of the blade portion 64 of the rotary screw 60 away from the shaft portion 62, and the angle of flow-down is substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the blade portion 64. And if water falls to the blade | wing part 64 of the rotating screw 60, the blade | wing part 64 will be pushed and the blade | wing part 64 will rotate clockwise centering on the axial part 62 seeing from upper direction. As the rotary screw 60 rotates, the shaft 70 rotates and power is generated by the generator 78. The water that has passed through the rotating screw 60 passes through the holding cylinder 65 and the water conduit 66 and flows to the downstream water channel bottom surface 14 b of the drop work 14.

  If the amount of water flowing from the upstream of the water channel 12 is too large, the handle 48 of the opening / closing holding device 42 is rotated to feed the wire rope 44 and the closing plate 38 attached to the adjustment port 36 is opened downward. Then, a part of the water is directly flowed from the adjustment port 36 to the downstream water channel bottom surface 14b of the drop work 14, and the remaining appropriate amount of water is flowed to the intake cylinder 28 for use in power generation. The length of the wire rope 44 is adjusted to make the size of the opening an arbitrary size, and the amount of water flowing from the adjustment port 36 is adjusted. In adjusting the amount of water, the rotation of the reel 46 is stopped by the stopper 46a, the closing plate 38 is fixed at an arbitrary position, and the amount of water flowing from the adjustment port 36 is maintained. Further, when the maintenance of the hydroelectric generator 10 is performed, the closing plate 38 is fully opened so that all the water flows directly to the downstream water channel bottom surface 14 b of the drop work 14 and does not flow to the intake cylinder 28.

  According to the hydroelectric generator 10 of this embodiment, it has a simple structure and a compact shape, and can generate power by efficiently converting water energy into rotational energy. Since the structure is simple, it is inexpensive and easy to move, and can be easily installed and used. Since the power generation device main body 11 is fixed to the frame body 20 and suspended from the beam member 18 and installed in the water channel 12, workability is good. Moreover, the power generator main body 11 is small, and the power generator main body 11 can be installed regardless of the size of the drop work 14. The flow of water falling almost vertically from the drop head 14 of the water channel 12 is changed to a more efficient direction by increasing the flow velocity by the water throttle unit 50, and at an optimal angle at the optimal location of the blade portion 64 of the rotary screw 60. Water can be applied, power generation efficiency is improved, and even when the amount of water flowing through the water channel 12 is small, power can be generated reliably.

  When the amount of water flowing through the water channel 12 is large, the closing plate 38 attached to the adjusting port 36 is opened by a simple operation of rotating the handle 48 of the opening / closing holding device 42 and feeding out the wire rope 44. A part of the water can be directly flowed from 36 to the downstream side waterway bottom surface 14b of the drop work 14, and the remaining appropriate amount of water can be flowed to the intake cylinder 28 for use in power generation. Since electric power is generated using an appropriate amount of water flow, it is possible to prevent failures and malfunctions that occur when a large amount of water flows in vigorously, and to improve safety. When performing maintenance of the power generation device main body 11, the closing plate 38 is fully opened so that all the water can flow directly to the downstream water channel bottom surface 14b of the drop head 14 and not flow into the water intake barrel 28. It can be performed.

  In addition, the hydroelectric generator 10 of this embodiment may be attached to the water channel 12 by other methods besides being suspended by the beam member 18. For example, a leg part may be provided in the lower frame part 20b of the frame body 20, and the leg part may be fixed to the bottom part of the downstream water channel bottom surface 14b of the drop work 14 of the water channel 12. When the head is small, for example, it is intended for 3.5 m or less, and can be stably attached by fixing to the downstream water channel bottom surface 14b with the legs. Moreover, the length and shape of the water intake cylinder 30 can be changed according to the terrain. For example, when the water channel 12 has a large step and water flows on an inclined surface with a long distance from a position higher than the hydroelectric power generation device 10, the long intake tube 30 is extended obliquely upward along the inclination of the water channel 12. It is also possible to take in water from the water intake port 32 upstream and flow it through the water intake cylinder 30 to flow into the water intake cylinder 28. This is intended for, for example, 5 m or more when the head is large, and water can be reliably taken and used efficiently for power generation. Further, the water intake cylinder 30 which is a water intake water passage may be a water channel having an open upper surface as long as it is a flow channel capable of flowing the upstream water flow into the water drum.

  In addition, the hydroelectric generator of this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, The shape of a frame can be set suitably, and the shape of the beam member to suspend can also be selected suitably. The shape of the adjustment port, the closing plate, and the structure of the opening / closing holding device may be other than those in the above embodiment, as long as the adjustment port can be reliably opened and closed to withstand the weight of water and maintain the size of any opening. Good. The closing plate may be opened and closed with a motor or the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Hydroelectric power generation device 11 Power generation device main body 12 Water channel 14 Drop work 14a Upstream side water channel bottom surface 14b Downstream side water channel bottom surface 16 Base 18 Beam member 20 Frame 28 Intake cylinder 30 Intake cylinder 32 Inlet port 34 Inlet port 36 Adjustment port 38 Closing plate 40 Hinge member 42 Opening / closing holding device 44 Wire rope 46 Reel 48 Handle 50 Water throttle 56 Water throttle drum 58 Fixed guide vane 60 Rotating screw 66 Water guide pipe 70 Shaft 78 Generator

Claims (2)

A water intake drum through which water passes from above to below, a water constriction section provided coaxially below the water intake cylinder, a rotary screw provided below the water constriction section, and the rotary screw A power generator body provided with a generator coupled to a fixed shaft;
A frame body holding the power generation device main body, and a beam member to which the frame body is fixed,
In a state where the frame body to which the power generation device main body is fixed is fixed to the beam member, the power generation device main body is suspended and fixed to the head of the water channel by the beam member,
A water intake passage that protrudes upstream of the water channel is provided at a position near the upper end of the side surface of the water intake barrel, and an opening at the tip of the water intake channel faces the upstream of the water channel and takes in water flowing from the upstream. It becomes a water intake and is placed by reaching the bottom of the upstream water channel of the drop work, and the opening at the other end serves as an inlet for opening water into the water intake cylinder and flowing water, and the water intake and the flow in the water intake channel. Between the entrances, an adjustment port that opens toward the bottom of the downstream water channel of the drop work, a closing plate that opens and closes the adjustment port, and an opening and closing device that opens and closes the closing plate are provided.
The closing plate is attached in a cantilevered manner with a hinge member to an edge portion of the adjustment port close to the water intake port, and a wire rope is attached to an end opposite to the hinge member, and the closing plate is connected to the downstream side. The open / close holding device that opens toward the bottom surface of the side water channel and opens and closes the closing plate is provided with a reel that winds up the wire rope, and a stopper that stops the rotation of the reel. . Wherein the said reel closing holding device, hydraulic power unit according to claim 1, wherein the handle to turn the reel is provided.

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