JP5965527B1 - Coilless motor - Google Patents

Abstract

A coilless motor that suppresses induction characteristics as much as possible by eliminating a coil that hinders high-speed response and increases loss is provided. At least a pair of permanent magnets 6 are arranged so that their magnetic pole end faces 6A and 6B have different phases of substantially concentric circles, and a gap is provided between the magnetic pole end faces 6A and 6B of the permanent magnet 6. The magnetic bodies 8A and 8B that form a magnetic path by being in contact with each other, and charges in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field B and the rotational direction R of the rotor at positions close to the magnetic pole end surfaces 6A and 6B of the permanent magnet 6 And a conductor 7 fixed to the stator 2 side in a state in which it is movably disposed. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a coilless motor in which a coil is excluded in order to make an induction characteristic as small as possible.

  In general, a motor has inductive characteristics, and the inductive characteristics make it difficult for fluctuations in current to occur. In addition, the motor power supply uses an inverter that generates three pseudo sine waves that are 120 degrees out of phase by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) modulation. Control of the motor rotation speed and output torque is controlled by this inverter. Is possible.

  In addition, as shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, in recent years, a so-called print motor in which a coil serving as an armature winding is formed on a printed circuit board by etching or printing technology has been used. In this print motor, the rotor is formed of a printed circuit board, and because it is light by not using an iron core, the inertia can be lowered, the speed control response can be improved, and the flatness is reduced. It has been attracting attention because it can be formed into any shape.

JP 11-316925 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-39278

  However, since all conventional motors rotate a motor by forming a coil (winding) and a magnetic field generated by passing a current through the coil, a step of forming a magnetic field from a current flowing through the winding The motor rotates only after the magnetic field formed by the coil is attracted or repelled by another permanent magnet or electromagnet. In addition, a problem arises that inductance is increased by doubling the magnetic flux by increasing the number of turns of the coil so that a strong magnetic field can be formed with a smaller current.

  That is, there is a problem that the induction characteristic due to the inductance of the coil causes a delay in response at the stage where the current flowing through the coil is once converted into a magnetic field. Further, even when the magnetic flux formed by the coil is attracted or repelled by other permanent magnets or electromagnets, slippage occurs due to fluctuations in the torque applied to the rotor, so that responsiveness to fluctuations in load torque also occurs.

  Furthermore, when a pseudo alternating current is passed through the coil, such as in a three-phase induction motor, current control is performed using a pulse waveform by a switching element such as PWM conversion. Therefore, there is also a problem that the switching loss increases in proportion to the height of the carrier frequency of the switching element.

  In addition, when power that is 120 ° out of phase is supplied by PWM modulation, a phase shift occurs due to the influence of the inductance, making it difficult to control to maintain a phase difference of 120 ° between the phases. In the case of rotation, it becomes more difficult to control the phase, and it is necessary to perform complicated and high-speed control. Furthermore, the control becomes more complicated during the regenerative operation, which deteriorates the controllability as a whole, leading to an increase in cost and a decrease in efficiency.

  In addition, when the magnetic flux is concentrated using an iron core (yoke) for the coil, there is a problem that a loss is generated due to the occurrence of magnetic saturation.

  In particular, with the recent spread of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, it is necessary to generate rotational torque instantaneously by electric control, or conversely, to perform instantaneous regenerative operation, but a delay in response occurs due to the induction characteristics of the coil. This was the cause of the efficiency reduction.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned matters, and provides a coilless motor that suppresses induction characteristics as much as possible by eliminating coils that hinder high-speed response and cause loss increase. Objective.

In order to solve the above problems, the first invention provides a gap between a rotor in which at least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged so that their magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles, and a magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet. A state in which a magnetic material that forms a magnetic path by being vacated or brought into contact with the magnetic pole end surface of the permanent magnet is disposed so that electric charges can be moved in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of rotation of the rotor A coilless motor comprising a plurality of conductors arranged at a pitch shifted in the rotation direction on the stator side and fixed within a narrow angle range with respect to a phase angle corresponding to one magnetic pole end face. provide. (Claim 1)

  The permanent magnets arranged on the rotor are arranged so that their magnetic pole end faces are concentrically different in phase, so that a gap is formed on this magnetic pole end face so that electric charges can be moved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation direction of the rotor. By passing a current through a conductor fixed to the stator in the state, Lorentz force acts on the conductor in proportion to the strength of the magnetic field at the magnetic pole end face and the current flowing through the conductor, and the reaction causes the rotor to Rotate in the opposite direction. The gap is such that it does not come into contact even if the rotor rotates at high speed, and is preferably as narrow as possible in order to suppress leakage of magnetic flux. The size of the gap is relatively determined by the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the cross-sectional area of the magnetic path. If the magneto-motive force and the cross-sectional area of the magnetic path are large, the gap can be increased to the limit of the saturation magnetic flux density. .

  That is, in the present invention, by directly using the Lorentz force, the response speed can be dramatically increased as compared with the conventional one using a coil, and the rotational force can be directly controlled by current control. Here, the term “substantially orthogonal” means that the Lorentz force is a force applied by the cross product of the electric field and the magnetic flux density. Therefore, the arrangement at right angles is the most efficient arrangement. It means to act. In addition, when the magnetic field of the magnetic pole end face (N pole or S pole) moved to the position of the conductor is reversed due to the rotation force applied to the rotor, the current is also caused to flow in the opposite direction, so that the rotational direction and rotational torque are reduced. Can be kept in the same direction.

  In addition, as in the case of using a conventional coil, the iron core for strengthening the magnetic field can be eliminated, so that porcelain saturation does not become a problem. That is, by using a stronger permanent magnet and flowing a larger current, a stronger rotational force can be obtained in proportion to these.

  Even in the regenerative operation, a current flows through the conductor in proportion to the rotational force to be regenerated. Therefore, the regenerative torque can be adjusted relatively easily by controlling the regenerative current.

  The permanent magnet is preferably as long as it produces a stronger magnetic flux, and a rare earth magnet using neodymium, a rare earth element, is preferably used, but a magnetized ferromagnetic material may be used. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if an electromagnet formed by passing a constant current is used as a permanent magnet.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotor in which at least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged such that the magnetic poles thereof are parallel to the rotation axis direction and the magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles, and both magnetic poles of the permanent magnets A phase angle corresponding to one end face of the magnetic pole by arranging a gap in the end face so that the electric charge can move in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of the magnetic field and the rotation direction of the rotor , and arranged at a pitch shifted in the rotation direction. A plurality of conductors arranged within a narrow angle range, and a fixed magnetic body that supports these conductors and is fixed to the stator side so as to form a magnetic path at both pole end faces of the permanent magnet, respectively. A coilless motor is provided. (Claim 2)

  Using the reaction of Lorentz force acting on the conductor by passing a current through both conductors fixed on the stator side with a gap between both magnetic pole end faces of the permanent magnet arranged in the rotor, the current control controls the coilless motor. Rotational force can be controlled at high speed. The magnetic flux at one magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet passes through the fixed magnetic body having a high magnetic permeability and flows through the fixed magnetic body facing the other magnetic pole end face. Therefore, the magnetic flux does not leak outside the fixed magnetic body, and the conductor disposed with a gap in the magnetic pole end face is exposed to a high magnetic flux density. A large rotational torque can be obtained by passing an electric current.

  In addition, since the fixed magnetic body is arranged with a gap between both magnetic pole end faces, the permanent magnet can be attracted to both fixed magnetic bodies with almost the same force to maintain the balance, and the rotor rotating shaft is stationary. Thus, the durability of the coilless motor can be increased accordingly.

  Since the fixed magnetic body supports the conductor, heat generated when a large current flows through the conductor can be released to the stator side. Furthermore, although the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet flows through the fixed magnetic body, the direction in which the magnetic flux flows varies as the rotor rotates. Therefore, the fixed magnetic body uses, for example, a member having a high permeability of several hundred times or more as compared with a vacuum, and having a hysteresis as small as possible and generating less eddy current so as not to cause a loss due to a change in magnetic flux.

  Since power supply to the conductor fixed on the stator side can be easily performed without using a brush, the configuration of the coilless motor can be simplified as much as possible, and a brush that is a long-life member should be used. It is possible to prevent a decrease in durability due to.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, at least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged such that their magnetic poles are parallel to the rotation axis direction and their magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles, and spaced apart from one magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet. A rotor having a rotating magnetic body that forms a magnetic path by opening or contacting with a rotor, and a charge is generated in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of rotation of the rotor by leaving a gap in the other magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet. movably disposed to a and a plurality of electrical conductors is disposed within a narrow range of angles with respect to the phase angle corresponding to one magnetic pole end face and arranged at a pitch shifted in the rotational direction, these conductive There is provided a coilless motor characterized by having a fixed magnetic body fixed to the stator side so as to support the body and form a magnetic path at the other magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet. (Claim 3)

  The coilless motor is rotated by current control using the reaction of Lorentz force acting on the conductor by passing a current through the conductor fixed on the stator side with a gap in the magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet arranged in the rotor. Power can be controlled at high speed. The magnetic flux at one magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet passes through the rotating magnetic body and the fixed magnetic body having high permeability and flows to the other magnetic pole end face. Therefore, the magnetic flux does not leak outside the rotating magnetic body and the fixed magnetic body, and the conductor disposed with a gap in the magnetic pole end face is exposed to a high magnetic flux density. A large rotational torque can be obtained by passing a current through the conductor.

  Since the fixed magnetic body supports the conductor, heat generated when a large current flows through the conductor can be released to the stator side. Furthermore, although the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet flows through the fixed magnetic body, the direction in which the magnetic flux flows varies as the rotor rotates. Therefore, the fixed magnetic body uses, for example, a member having a high permeability of several hundred times or more as compared with a vacuum, and having a hysteresis as small as possible and generating less eddy current so as not to cause a loss due to a change in magnetic flux.

  Since power supply to the conductor fixed on the stator side can be easily performed without using a brush, the configuration of the coilless motor can be simplified as much as possible, and a brush that is a long-life member should be used. It is possible to prevent a decrease in durability due to.

  Furthermore, when a gap is formed between the permanent magnet and the rotating magnetic body, and a conductor is disposed in this gap, a rotational torque due to Lorentz force is generated in the rotor in proportion to the current passed through the conductor. You can also. Since the rotating magnetic body provided in the rotor is fixed to the same rotor as the permanent magnet, the relative positional relationship with the permanent magnet is fixed, so that a large change occurs in the magnetic flux flowing through the rotating magnetic body. However, any material having high magnetic permeability can be used even if it has hysteresis characteristics.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, at least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged so that their magnetic poles are parallel to the rotation axis direction and their magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles. A rotor having a rotating magnetic body that forms a magnetic path at a position where a gap is formed, and a charge in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the rotating direction of the rotor at a position between the permanent magnet and both rotating magnetic bodies. A plurality of conductors fixed to the stator side in a state where they are movable and arranged in a narrow angle range with respect to the phase angle corresponding to one magnetic pole end face, arranged at a pitch shifted in the rotational direction. A coilless motor is provided. (Claim 4)

  The coilless motor is rotated by current control using the reaction of Lorentz force acting on the conductor by passing a current through the conductor fixed on the stator side with a gap in the magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet arranged in the rotor. Power can be controlled at high speed. The magnetic flux at one magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet flows to the other magnetic pole end face via the both rotating magnetic bodies having high permeability. Therefore, the magnetic flux does not leak outside the rotating magnetic body, and the conductor disposed with a gap on the magnetic pole end face is exposed to a high magnetic flux density. A large rotational torque can be obtained by passing an electric current.

  Since power supply to the conductor fixed on the stator side can be easily performed without using a brush, the configuration of the coilless motor can be simplified as much as possible, and a brush that is a long-life member should be used. It is possible to prevent a decrease in durability due to.

  Since the rotating magnetic body provided in the rotor is fixed to the same rotor as the permanent magnet, the relative positional relationship with the permanent magnet is fixed, so that a large change occurs in the magnetic flux flowing through the rotating magnetic body. However, any material having high magnetic permeability can be used even if it has hysteresis characteristics.

  The rotor is provided with a plurality of the permanent magnets separated in the longitudinal direction of the rotation shaft so as to form a gap therebetween, and the conductor is arranged in the direction of the magnetic field and the rotation of the rotor even at a position between the permanent magnets. When the electric charge is arranged to be movable in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction and fixed to the stator side (Claim 5), the electric current is also passed through the conductor arranged between the permanent magnets. A rotational force proportional to the current flowing through the conductor can be applied.

  A large rotational force can be obtained by forming the permanent magnets formed on the rotor in large numbers.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotor in which at least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged in a substantially cylindrical shape so that the magnetic poles thereof are in a radial direction from the rotation axis and the magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles; Phases corresponding to one magnetic pole end face are arranged with a gap in the magnetic pole end face so that electric charges can be moved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the rotation direction of the rotor , and arranged at a pitch shifted in the rotational direction. a plurality of electrical conductors is disposed within a narrow range of angles with respect to the corner, the fixed magnetic body is fixed on the stator side so as to form a magnetic path in the magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet to support the these conductors A coilless motor is provided. (Claim 6)

  A coilless coil is formed by controlling the current by controlling the Lorentz force acting on the conductor by passing a current through the conductor fixed on the stator side with a gap between the end faces of the substantially cylindrical magnetic poles of the permanent magnet arranged on the rotor. The rotational force of the motor can be controlled at high speed. The magnetic flux at one magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet passes through the fixed magnetic body having a high permeability and flows to the adjacent magnetic pole end face. Therefore, the magnetic flux does not leak outside the fixed magnetic body, and the conductor disposed with a gap in the magnetic pole end face is exposed to a high magnetic flux density. A large rotational torque can be obtained by passing an electric current.

  Further, since the fixed magnetic body supports the conductor, the heat generated when a large current flows through the conductor can be released to the stator side and dissipated. Furthermore, although the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet flows through the fixed magnetic body, the direction in which the magnetic flux flows varies as the rotor rotates. Therefore, the fixed magnetic body uses, for example, a member having a high permeability of several hundred times or more as compared with a vacuum, and having a hysteresis as small as possible and generating less eddy current so as not to cause a loss due to a change in magnetic flux.

  Since power supply to the conductor fixed on the stator side can be easily performed without using a brush, the configuration of the coilless motor can be simplified as much as possible, and a brush that is a long-life member should be used. It is possible to prevent a decrease in durability due to.

  The fixed magnetic body is a soft magnetic body that is less likely to generate eddy currents and has a low hysteresis characteristic, and has a thermal conductivity that allows heat to be easily dissipated by contacting the conductor (Claim 7). ), Even when the direction of the magnetic flux flowing through the fixed magnetic body changes with the rotation of the rotor, the generation of eddy currents does not cause heat generation due to eddy current loss or disturb fluctuation of the magnetic flux, In addition, since the fixed magnetic material is a material having small hysteresis characteristics, hysteresis loss due to magnetic hysteresis can be suppressed. Further, since the thermal conductivity of the fixed magnetic body is high, the heat generated in the conductor can be easily dissipated.

  In particular, the fixed magnetic material is a composite soft magnetic material in which a soft magnetic material powder is solidified with an organic binder (binder), so that eddy currents can be prevented more reliably and hysteresis characteristics are minimized. Therefore, the loss can be reduced accordingly.

  Furthermore, the fixed magnetic body is provided with a compressed amorphous material that contacts the conductive material and an injection amorphous material that contacts the compressed amorphous material. This is preferable because leakage can be suppressed, hysteresis loss and eddy current loss can be minimized, and magnetic saturation can be avoided.

  The conductor is formed by laminating conductor plates capable of preventing eddy current, and the current flowing through the conductor plate arranged in the region facing the magnetic pole end face of one pole is the magnetic pole end face of the other pole. Are connected in such a way that the direction of the Lorentz force that flows in the direction opposite to the current flowing in the conductor plate arranged in the region facing the electrode is the same in any conductor plate, and the magnetic pole The conductors of the entire surface of the magnetic pole end face are distributed and occupied substantially evenly over the entire rotation angle of the rotor in accordance with the number of pairs of permanent magnets so that at least one circuit conductor is arranged for each pair of end faces. (Claim 8), the conductors form parallel circuits as many as the number of laminated conductor plates, so that a large current can flow, thereby increasing the rotational torque. Rukoto can. In addition, since the conductor plate prevents the generation of eddy currents, not only can a large current flow using the cross-sectional area of the conductor plate to the maximum, but eddy current loss also occurs when a large current flows. Can be prevented.

  The conductor plate is preferably formed of a member having excellent conductivity, for example, a thin film of copper or silver. It goes without saying that further improvement in efficiency may be achieved by using a ribbon made of graphene.

  The current flowing through the conductor plate disposed in the region facing the magnetic pole end surface of one pole is opposite to the current flowing through the conductor plate disposed in the region facing the magnetic pole end surface of the other pole. Are connected so that the direction of the generated Lorentz force is the same in any conductor plate, and at least one conductor is arranged for each pair of pole end faces. Thus, according to the number of pairs of permanent magnets, the conductor is distributed and occupied almost evenly around the entire circumference of the rotor, and the entire shape of the conductor conforms to the shape of the magnetic pole end face. The conductor can be wired so that a rotational force in the same direction is generated by the body.

  At this time, the shape of the conductor is such that the conductor is bent in a substantially self-shaped shape so as to form a substantially rectangular wave in accordance with the position of each magnetic pole end face, and the magnet for one round of the rotor is provided. Since the wire is finally wound once in a state where a gap is provided in the extreme part, the inductance component can be extremely reduced to such an extent that it cannot be said that the conductor is substantially a coil. When the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets are provided in parallel to the rotation axis direction, the overall shape of the conductor arranged with a gap between the magnetic pole end faces becomes a substantially disk shape, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets extend radially from the rotation axis. When provided, the overall shape of the conductor disposed with a gap between the magnetic pole end faces is substantially cylindrical.

  A magnetic flux detector that is attached to a position facing the magnetic pole end face on the stator side and detects a change in the magnetic field accompanying the rotation of the rotor, and flows to each conductor corresponding to the position of the rotor detected by the magnetic flux detector And a switching circuit for performing intermittent control (Claim 9), the magnetic flux detector detects a change in the magnetic field that changes with the rotation of the rotor, and switches the switching circuit in accordance with the rotation angle of the rotor. Controls the direction of current flowing through each conductor and intermittent control, so that the current switched in the appropriate direction by the switching circuit can be passed through each conductor simply by supplying power to the coilless motor in a direct current. The rotor of the coilless motor can be rotated in a predetermined direction. In addition, since the conductor is intermittently controlled by the switching circuit in the regenerative operation, the regenerative current can easily flow to the power supply side.

  Note that the magnetic flux detector is preferably a semiconductor sensor such as a Hall element that detects the magnetic field using the Hall effect, so that the magnetic field can be reliably detected even when rotating at high speed. A magnetic sensor such as may be used. It goes without saying that it is possible to easily control the switching circuit intermittently by detecting the rotation angle of the rotor using an angle detector such as a rotary encoder instead of the magnetic flux detector. .

  The switching element is preferably formed by a field effect transistor that can be switched at high speed, but may be a switching element using a bipolar transistor, a photocoupler, a thyristor, a solid state relay, or the like.

  The conductor is connected in the form of a loop with different phases in the rotational direction of the rotor, and is three-phased with respect to taps provided at positions that divide the rotation angle occupied by the magnetic pole end face into approximately three equal parts. In the case where AC can be supplied (Claim 10), the coilless motor is rotated at a rotational speed determined by the power frequency by supplying three-phase AC power to the conductors connected in a loop. Can do.

  As described above, according to the present invention, a conductor with a very simplified configuration in which a conductor attached on the stator side is arranged in a strong magnetic field formed by a permanent magnet attached on the rotor side. Since the rotor is rotated by the Lorentz force generated by passing an electric current through the coil, coils (windings) that were conventionally considered essential for the motor can be eliminated from the motor.

  A coilless motor without a coil does not cause a current delay due to induction characteristics, and can control the rotational force with a high response. Conversely, even when regenerative torque is generated, the electromotive force generated in the conductor is merely returned to the power supply side, so that complicated control is unnecessary. Further, since the current flowing through the coil can be supplied without using PWM modulation or the like for generating a pseudo sine wave, the loss can be reduced accordingly.

  That is, the present invention is extremely useful as a motor for compensating the shortage of the output torque of the internal combustion engine (engine) in the current fuel-efficient vehicle or storing and regenerating the regenerative torque.

  By arranging the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets in parallel with the rotation axis direction of the rotor (Claims 2 to 4), the magnetic pole end faces are arranged so as to have different phases concentrically at the substantially disk-shaped end faces. At least two magnetic pole end faces can be formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the rotor by one permanent magnet, and a conductor can be disposed on the magnetic pole end faces. Further, by arranging a fixed magnetic body that forms a magnetic path on the stator side with a gap in the magnetic pole end face (Claims 2 and 3), the conductor and the fixed magnetic body arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic pole end face are connected to the stator. It is possible to sufficiently dissipate heat by contacting the On the other hand, by arranging a rotating magnetic body that forms a magnetic path in contact with or at a clearance from the end face of the magnetic pole on the rotor side (claims 3 and 4), a magnetic field can be contained in the rotor. The magnetic field does not fluctuate outside with the rotation. Further, a rotational force can be generated even at this position by forming a gap between the magnetic pole end face and the rotating magnetic body and arranging the conductor.

  Further, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet are arranged in parallel with the rotation axis direction of the rotor, a plurality of permanent magnets are provided separately in the longitudinal direction of the rotation axis, and the conductor is arranged with a gap between the magnetic pole end faces of the gap of the permanent magnet. (Claim 5), the rotational force can be generated by the current flowing through the conductors arranged in the gaps between the permanent magnets, and the more the permanent magnets are arranged, the more conductors are interposed. It is possible to generate a rotational force.

  On the other hand, by arranging the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets in the radial direction from the rotation axis (Claim 6), a substantially cylindrical magnetic pole end face can be formed, so that the entire shape of the conductor arranged at an interval from the magnetic pole end face As a cylindrical shape, it is possible to face the magnetic pole end face with a large area, and a large rotational force can be obtained.

  Since the fixed magnetic body is a soft magnetic body (Claim 7), the magnetic flux can be passed through the soft magnetic body, and this also occurs when the direction of the magnetic field in the fixed magnetic body changes as the rotor rotates. The loss accompanying this can be kept small.

  The conductor is formed by laminating conductor plates, and the current flowing through the conductor plate arranged in the region facing one of the magnetic pole end faces is connected to flow in different directions depending on the pole of the magnetic pole end face. (Claim 8) A strong rotational torque can be obtained by passing a large current through the conductor.

  By providing a switching circuit for controlling the direction of current flowing in each conductor and intermittent control using a magnetic flux detector provided on the stator side (Claim 9), the coilless motor can be obtained simply by supplying DC power to the coilless motor. Can be driven, and a regenerative current can be easily passed to the power source side.

It is a figure which shows the relationship between the conductor and magnetic pole end surface of the coilless motor which concern on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the coilless motor. (A)-(C) are figures which show the position of the conductor of a coilless motor. It is a figure explaining the circuit structure of the said coilless motor. It is a figure explaining the structure of the coilless motor which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure of the coilless motor which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure of the coilless motor which concerns on 4th Embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view of the coilless motor which concerns on 5th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the relationship between the magnetic pole end surface of the said coilless motor, and a conductor. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the coilless motor. It is a figure which expands and shows a partial structure of the said coilless motor. It is a figure which takes out and shows another part of the said coilless motor. It is a figure which shows the modification of the said coilless motor. It is a figure which shows the modification of another part of the said coilless motor.

  The configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the coilless motor 1 of the present embodiment is configured so as to be divided into two parts and serves as a stator 2, and bearings 3 </ b> A are provided in the housings 2 </ b> A and 2 </ b> B, respectively. , 3B, a rotating shaft 4 rotatably supported, a rotor 5 supported by the rotating shaft 4, and four pairs of permanent magnets 6 supported by the rotor 5.

  The four pairs of permanent magnets 6 are fixed in a state of being inserted into mounting holes 5A provided in the rotor 5 so that the magnetic poles thereof are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft 4, and the magnetic pole end faces 6A and 6B. Are arranged in such a manner that the phases become substantially concentric and have different phases, and the magnetic poles are alternately arranged.

  Further, the magnetic pole end faces 6A and 6B of the permanent magnet 6 are spaced so that charges can be moved in the direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field (N pole, S pole) and the rotation direction R of the rotor 5, respectively. The stators 2A and 7S and the conductors 7N and 7S are supported in a thermally coupled state, and the magnetic path is formed as close as possible to both magnetic pole end faces 6A and 6B of the permanent magnet 6. , 2B and a pair of fixed magnetic bodies 8A, 8B having a substantially disk shape.

  The housings 2A and 2B are made of aluminum having high conductivity so as to form a sufficient electromagnetic shield against an alternating magnetic field, and the bearings 3A and 3B are, for example, bearings that can maintain sufficient robustness and keep frictional resistance small. Can be used.

  The rotor 5 has eight mounting holes 5A concentrically formed at equal intervals so that the four pairs of permanent magnets 6 can be inserted. The permanent magnets 6 are magnetic poles of adjacent permanent magnets 6 in the mounting holes 5A. Are inserted in a staggered manner so that when the rotor 5 is rotated, the conductors 7N and 7S arranged at intervals on the magnetic pole end faces are exposed to an alternating magnetic field. The gap is a gap that does not come into contact even when the rotor 5 rotates at high speed, and is preferably arranged as close as possible. In the following description, the gap that is arranged as close as possible is opened. That's it.

  It is preferable that the permanent magnet 6 is strongly magnetized. For example, it is preferable to use a neodymium magnet that is known to be most strongly magnetizable at present.

  The conductors 7N and 7S are connected by jumper portions 7A and 7B, and the direction of the current I flowing in the conductor 7N disposed in the vicinity of the N pole of the permanent magnet is the conductivity in the vicinity of the S pole. It is connected so as to be opposite to the direction of the current I flowing through the body 7S. That is, the entire shape of the conductors 7A, 7B, 7N, and 7S (hereinafter referred to as the conductor 7) is formed by forming a substantially self-shaped bent portion such as a rectangular wave so that all the magnetic pole end faces are formed. In the conductors 7N and 7S arranged at positions close to 6A (or 6B), the current I can flow in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction B of the magnetic field and the rotation direction R of the rotor 5, and the current I flows. The Lorentz force generated at the time can be arranged in the same direction.

  The conductor 7 is sandwiched and fixed by the housings 2A and 2B. Since the conductor 7 is fixed to the stator side formed by the housings 2A and 2B, the power supply to the conductor 7 is a lifetime member such as a rectifying brush. It can be performed without going through.

  In the present embodiment, the conductors 7N and 7S are arranged at a pitch slightly shifted in the rotational direction so that a larger rotational force can be obtained by flowing a larger amount of current I in the portions close to the magnetic pole end faces 6A and 6B. To form a series of circuits. Further, the overall shape of the conductor 7 is formed to be a thin substantially disk shape in accordance with the arrangement of the magnetic pole end faces 6A and 6B of the permanent magnet 6. Reference numeral 7C denotes a jumper conductor that connects the conductors 7 adjacent to the magnetic pole end faces 6A and 6B.

  Furthermore, the conductor 7 may be a mere lead wire, but is preferably one that has been patterned on a printed circuit board or one obtained by punching a thin plate of a conductor. That is, the gap between the magnetic pole end face 6A (6B) and the fixed magnetic bodies 8A and 8B is preferably as narrow as possible so as not to contact with the rotation of the rotor 5, and accordingly the conductor 7 is formed in a substantially disk shape as thin as possible. It is preferable.

  The fixed magnetic bodies 8A and 8B are formed by using a soft magnetic body that is less prone to eddy currents and has low hysteresis characteristics so that loss and resistance are not generated even by an alternating magnetic field generated by the rotation of the rotor 5. It is preferable that the magnetic pole end faces 6A and 6B have a magnetic permeability that is high enough to form a magnetic path. The fixed magnetic bodies 8A and 8B are both screwed into the housings 2A and 2B with screws or the like, and are in thermal contact with the conductor 7, thereby generating heat generated from the conductor 7A. , 2B so that heat can be dissipated.

  As the fixed magnetic bodies 8A and 8B having such characteristics, for example, a composite soft magnetic body obtained by solidifying a soft magnetic powder having a magnetic permeability several hundred times higher than that of a vacuum with an organic binder is used. preferable.

  When the current I flows through the coilless motor 1 configured as described above, the current flowing through the conductor 7 flows toward the rotating shaft 4 in the conductor 7N facing the N pole in FIG. Flows in a direction radiating from the rotating shaft 4. Therefore, in any case, a clockwise Lorentz force acts on the conductor 7, and the rotor 5 rotates counterclockwise by the reaction.

In this embodiment, there are eight magnetic pole end faces 6A (6B) during one rotation of the rotor 5, and the conductors 7N (or 7S) are arranged in each of them, and each generates a rotational force, so that the power is 8 times. A rotational force can be obtained, and furthermore, nine conductors 7 are arranged on one magnetic pole end face 6A, 6B, and the phase of the circuit of the conductor 7 that goes around the rotor 5 so that the current I flows therethrough. Since nine circuits are formed by gradually shifting, a rotational force that is nine times stronger than that in which only one circuit of the conductor 7 is formed can be generated.

  Next, when the rotational force is applied, the rotor 5 rotates, and when a reverse magnetic pole (S pole, N pole) comes close to the conductors 7N and 7S, a current flowing through the conductor 7 is passed in the reverse direction. Thus, the direction of the rotational force generated by the coilless motor 1 can be kept constant.

  Further, unlike the conventional motor, the conductor 7 is wired so as not to form a coil as much as possible, and in the case of this embodiment, only an induction characteristic corresponding to nine coils is produced even if it is estimated a lot. Since it is configured, it is possible to drastically suppress the occurrence of loss due to induction characteristics as in a conventional motor, and it is possible to improve the response speed.

  Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful as a motor disposed in a portion that requires a high-speed response, such as an engine assist of a hybrid vehicle.

  3 and 4 are diagrams showing a modification of the coilless motor 1. As shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C, the conductor 7 of this example divides the phase angle θ corresponding to one magnetic pole end face 6A (or 6B) into three parts, In this example, conductors 7U, 7V, and 7W for three phases having different phases by an angle θ / 3 are formed.

  In FIG. 4, reference numeral 10 denotes a Hall element as a magnetic flux detector that detects the rotation angle of the rotor 5 by the intensity of the magnetic field, and 11 U, 11 V, and 11 W connect the conductors 7 U, 7 V, and 7 W of the respective phases to the DC power source 12. The switching circuit 13 for the magnetic pole end face 6A corresponding to the rotation angle of the rotor 5 at each time point is appropriately switched between the switching circuits 11U, 11V, and 11W using the direction and intensity of the magnetic field detected by the Hall element 10. The current I in the direction according to the arrangement of (6B) can be supplied to each conductor 7U, 7V, 7W.

In the case of this example, when the number of permanent magnet pairs is Nm, the number of circuits is Nc, and the number of occupied circuits (ie, the number of phases) per pole is Np, the inter-conductor pitch angle Ap is expressed by the following equation (1). You can ask to represent.
Ap = 360 / (2 * Nm * Nc * Np + 1) (1)

Further, the inter-conductor angle An with the next phase of each phase can be obtained as represented by the following formula (2).
An = 2 * Ap * Np Expression (2)

  In the coilless motor 1 having the above-described configuration, the three-phase conductors 7U, 7V, and 7W can be appropriately connected by the switching circuit 11. Therefore, only the DC power is supplied to the coilless motor 1 and the current is output from the coilless motor. On the contrary, the control for returning the electric power regenerated from the coilless motor to the power source side can be easily performed.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the direction of the current that flows when the rotor 5 rotates once is switched eight times by using four pairs of the permanent magnets 6 to rotate the rotor 5 once. Thus, the rotor 5 can be rotated at a high speed by switching the direction of current. Conversely, as the number of permanent magnets 6 is increased, the rotational angle can be controlled with higher accuracy.

  Furthermore, in the above-described example, the phase of the conductor 7 can be switched to three phases. However, since the coilless motor 1 of the present invention reliably determines the rotation direction of the rotor 5 depending on the direction of current, two conductors 7 are provided. Only by this, it becomes possible to supply a continuous rotational force to the rotor 5. Considering an extreme case, even if the conductor 7 is provided only for one phase, it is possible to intermittently supply the rotational force to the rotor 5.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of the coilless motor 20 according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 5, members denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 to 4 are the same or equivalent members, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a rotating magnetic body 21 is provided that forms a magnetic path in contact with one magnetic pole end face 6 </ b> A of the permanent magnet 6. The rotating magnetic body 21 is attracted to the permanent magnet 6 and fixed by adhering or the like, thereby preventing leakage of magnetic flux at the magnetic pole end surface 6A of the permanent magnet, and an alternating magnetic field is generated by the rotation of the permanent magnet 6. In addition, the occurrence of loss can be suppressed accordingly.

  In this embodiment, the rotating magnetic body 21 is in contact with the magnetic pole end face 6A of the permanent magnet 6. However, a gap is formed between the rotating magnetic body 21 and the magnetic pole end face 6A, and the conductor 7 is placed in this gap. You may comprise so that rotational force can be obtained by interposing.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a coilless motor 30 according to the third embodiment. In FIG. 6, members denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 5 are the same or equivalent members, and therefore, a detailed description thereof is omitted to avoid redundant description.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the rotating magnetic body 31 is fixed to the rotor 5 side with a slight gap also on the other magnetic pole end face 6 </ b> B of the permanent magnet 6. Also in this case, the rotating magnetic body 31 is fixed in the same positional relationship as the rotor 5 and the permanent magnet 6, so that the alternating magnetic field from the magnetic pole end face 6 </ b> B does not leak to the outside and the loss due to the rotation of the rotor 5 is generated accordingly. Can be prevented.

  In addition, since the conductor 7 (7N, 7S) is interposed between the permanent magnet 6 and the rotating magnetic body 31, it is possible to generate a rotational force in the rotor 5 by passing a current through the conductor 7.

  FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of a coilless motor 40 according to the fourth embodiment. In FIG. 7, members denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 6 are the same or equivalent members, and therefore, a detailed description thereof is omitted to avoid redundant description.

  In FIG. 7, the permanent magnet 6 is formed separately in the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft 4, and a gap is formed between the separated permanent magnets 6 so that the conductor 7 can be disposed in the gap. . By forming the permanent magnet 6 separately as in the present embodiment, it is possible to generate a rotational force using a larger number of conductors 7, so that a stronger rotational force can be obtained.

  Needless to say, the permanent magnet may be divided not only into two parts but also into three or more parts to obtain a stronger rotational force.

  8-12 is a figure which shows the structure of the coilless motor 50 concerning 5th Embodiment of this invention. 8 to 12, members denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 7 are the same or equivalent members, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the coilless motor 50 of the present embodiment has four pairs of permanent magnets 51 whose magnetic poles are in a radial direction from the rotary shaft 4 and whose magnetic pole end faces 51 </ b> A are substantially concentric different phases. And a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field B and the rotational direction R of the rotor (that is, the rotational axis) at a position close to the magnetic pole end surface 51A of the permanent magnet 51, respectively. 4 is fixed to the stator 2 side so as to support the conductor 53 and to form a magnetic path at the magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet. And a fixed magnetic body 54.

  The permanent magnets 51 are formed separately from the rotary shaft 4 so as to occupy 45 degrees in the radial direction, and the adjacent magnetic poles of the four pairs of permanent magnets 51 are staggered (alternating N poles and S poles). As a result, the magnetic pole end face 51A on the outer peripheral surface is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and magnetic poles (N pole and S pole) are alternately formed in the rotation direction R of the rotor 52 on the magnetic pole end face 51A. It is configured as follows. Further, the magnetic pole end face 51 </ b> A radiates the same magnetic flux over a wide range in the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft 4.

  On the other hand, the conductor 53 is arranged in a substantially cylindrical shape according to the shape of the magnetic pole end face 51A as shown in FIG. Corresponding to the rotation angle adjacent to the conductor 53N arranged so that the current I can flow in the direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation direction R of the rotor 52 and the magnetic flux B radiating corresponding to the N pole). A conductor 53S arranged so that a current I can flow in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation direction R of the rotor 52 and the magnetic flux B radiated corresponding to another magnetic pole (for example, S pole), and both conductors 53N , 53S and jumper portions 53A, 53B that allow current to flow in the opposite direction, and the inner surfaces of the conductors 53N, 53S are as close as possible to the extent that they do not contact the magnetic pole end surface 51A. It is formed in a cylindrical shape .

  FIG. 12 is a view showing one of the conductors 53 taken out. As shown in FIG. 12, the conductor 53 of one circuit is made of a very thin conductor, and is formed by alternately stacking the conductor plates 55 and the insulators 56 so as to have the shape of the conductor 53. The conductive plate 55 is preferably made of, for example, a metal having excellent conductivity, such as copper or silver, or graphite.

  The fixed magnetic body 54 is a magnetic body obtained by dividing a cylindrical cylindrical member having an inner surface that can be brought into close contact with the outer periphery of the conductor 53 into four portions every 90 degrees of rotation, and preferably a soft magnetic powder. It is possible to use a composite soft magnetic material obtained by solidifying with an organic binder.

  The stator 2 constitutes a part of a case having excellent conductivity such as aluminum having a cylindrical portion covering the outer side of the fixed magnetic body 54, and thereby an alternating magnetic field generated when the rotor 51 rotates. Shut off so that does not leak to the outside.

  13 and 14 are views showing modifications of the coilless motor 50. FIG. The fixed magnetic body 54 ′ shown in FIG. 13 has a two-layer structure of a compressed amorphous 54A that comes into contact with the conductor 53 and an injection amorphous 54B that comes into contact with the compressed amorphous, which makes it easy to produce and raises manufacturing costs. In addition, high permeability can be obtained while preventing leakage, and leakage can be suppressed. Furthermore, the occurrence of hysteresis loss and eddy current loss can be minimized, and magnetic saturation can be avoided.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the rotor 52 of the present embodiment is composed of a first rotating shaft 4A and a second rotating shaft 4B that are formed so as to be capable of being screwed together at the center portion, and the flange portions 4C, 4D. The permanent magnet 51 can be clamped and fixed to the rotary shaft 4 by screwing and connecting the first rotary shaft 4A and the second rotary shaft 4B with the permanent magnet 51 sandwiched therebetween.

  Various modifications such as attaching the permanent magnet 51 to the rotating body 4 or the rotor 52 by tightening screws are also conceivable.

Claims (10)

A rotor in which at least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged so that their magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles, and a magnetic body that forms a magnetic path by leaving a gap between or contacting the magnetic pole end faces of the permanent magnets The magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet is arranged at a pitch shifted in the rotational direction on the stator side in a state where electric charges can be moved in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of the magnetic field and the rotational direction of the rotor with a gap. A coilless motor comprising a plurality of conductors fixed within a narrow angle range with respect to a phase angle corresponding to one magnetic pole end face .
At least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged so that the magnetic poles thereof are parallel to the rotation axis direction and the magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles, and a gap is formed between the magnetic pole end faces of both of the permanent magnets. Are arranged so as to be movable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of rotation of the rotor , and arranged at a pitch shifted in the direction of rotation, and a narrow angle with respect to the phase angle corresponding to one magnetic pole end face A plurality of conductors disposed within a range, and a fixed magnetic body that supports these conductors and is fixed to the stator side so as to form a magnetic path at each of the magnetic pole end faces of the permanent magnet. Features a coilless motor. At least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged so that their magnetic poles are parallel to the rotation axis direction and their magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles, and are spaced or contacted with one magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet And a rotor having a rotating magnetic body that forms a magnetic path, and a gap is formed in the other magnetic pole end surface of the permanent magnet so that electric charges can be moved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the rotation direction of the rotor. is, and, a plurality of electrical conductors is disposed within a narrow range of angles with respect to the phase angle corresponding to one magnetic pole end face and arranged at a pitch shifted in the rotational direction, to support the these conductors A coilless motor, comprising: a fixed magnetic body fixed to the stator side so as to form a magnetic path at the other magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet. A position in which at least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged so that their magnetic poles are parallel to the rotation axis direction and their magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles, and a gap is formed between each of the magnetic pole end faces of the permanent magnet. And a rotor provided with a rotating magnetic body that forms a magnetic path, and at a position between the permanent magnet and both rotating magnetic bodies, an electric charge is arranged to be movable in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of the magnetic field and the rotating direction of the rotor. And a plurality of conductors arranged in a narrow angle range with respect to the phase angle corresponding to one magnetic pole end surface arranged at a pitch shifted in the rotation direction. Features a coilless motor.   The rotor is provided with a plurality of the permanent magnets separated in the longitudinal direction of the rotation shaft so as to form a gap therebetween, and the conductor is arranged in the direction of the magnetic field and the rotation of the rotor even at a position between the permanent magnets. The coilless motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coilless motor is fixed on the stator side in a state in which electric charges are movably arranged in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction. A rotor in which at least a pair of permanent magnets are arranged in a substantially cylindrical shape so that their magnetic poles are in a radial direction from the rotation axis and their magnetic pole end faces are in different phases of substantially concentric circles, and a gap is formed between the magnetic pole end faces of the permanent magnets The charge is arranged so as to be movable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of rotation of the rotor , and arranged at a pitch shifted in the direction of rotation and narrow with respect to the phase angle corresponding to one magnetic pole end face a plurality of electrical conductors is disposed within an angular range, that has a fixed magnetic body is fixed on the stator side so as to form a magnetic path in the magnetic pole end face of the permanent magnet to support the these conductors Features a coilless motor.   3. The fixed magnetic body is a soft magnetic body that is unlikely to generate eddy currents and has low hysteresis characteristics, and has a thermal conductivity that allows heat to be easily dissipated by contacting the conductor. The coilless motor according to any one of claims 3 and 6.   The conductor is formed by laminating conductor plates capable of preventing eddy current, and the current flowing through the conductor plate arranged in the region facing the magnetic pole end face of one pole is the magnetic pole end face of the other pole. Are connected in such a way that the direction of the Lorentz force that flows in the direction opposite to the current flowing in the conductor plate arranged in the region facing the electrode is the same in any conductor plate, and the magnetic pole The conductors of the entire surface of the magnetic pole end face are distributed and occupied substantially evenly over the entire rotation angle of the rotor in accordance with the number of pairs of permanent magnets so that at least one circuit conductor is arranged for each pair of end faces. The coilless motor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the coilless motor has a shape along the shape of the coil.   A magnetic flux detector that is attached to a position facing the magnetic pole end face on the stator side and detects a change in the magnetic field accompanying the rotation of the rotor, and flows to each conductor corresponding to the position of the rotor detected by the magnetic flux detector The coilless motor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a switching circuit that performs a current direction and intermittent control.   The conductor is connected in the form of a loop with different phases in the rotational direction of the rotor, and is three-phased with respect to taps provided at positions that divide the rotation angle occupied by the magnetic pole end face into approximately three equal parts. The coilless motor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein alternating current can be supplied.

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