JP5945002B2 - Transformers and converters - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transformer for converting a voltage.

  In recent years, with increasing awareness of global environmental conservation, there is a demand for higher efficiency of various converters (power converters) such as a DC-DC converter. For this reason, the topology of the conversion circuit and its control technology have advanced. In various circuit elements used for the conversion circuit, measures are taken to reduce the loss by applying new materials or improving the structure. For example, in a switching element which is a main loss source of a conversion circuit, a significant reduction in loss is expected due to the practical use of silicon carbide. In the future, in order to further reduce the loss of the converter, it is necessary to reduce the loss of passive components such as capacitors and magnetic devices.

  A typical example of a magnetic device is a transformer. In general, a transformer used in a converter includes a primary winding connected to an input side circuit, a secondary winding connected to an output side circuit, and a winding wound around the primary winding and the secondary winding. And having a core. When the transformer is in a driving state, a loss called iron loss occurs in the core. The iron loss depends on the magnetic flux density, frequency, etc., and the iron loss increases as the magnetic flux density increases. In the conventional transformer, the magnetic resistance is lower and the magnetic flux is concentrated toward the inner peripheral side of the core having a short magnetic path. Therefore, the iron loss increased toward the inner peripheral side.

  Therefore, a method for suppressing the imbalance of the magnetic flux density distribution in the core is known (Patent Documents 1 and 2). In these methods, an electromagnetic steel sheet having a magnetic property inferior to that of the outer peripheral side is disposed on the inner peripheral side having a short magnetic path length and a small magnetic resistance, and the outer peripheral side having a long magnetic path length and large magnetic resistance is disposed on the outer peripheral side. By arranging electromagnetic steel sheets having excellent magnetic properties, the magnetic flux density distribution in the cross section of the core is made uniform.

JP 2005-136059 A JP 2007-43040 A

  However, the method for suppressing the imbalance of the magnetic flux density distribution as described above needs to prepare cores having different magnetic characteristics. Moreover, since the core arrange | positioned at the outer peripheral side has a long magnetic path length, since it requires the outstanding magnetic characteristic, it becomes expensiveness and cost increases.

  The transformer according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first core, a second core having an average magnetic path length shorter than the average magnetic path length of the first core, and the first core outside the second core. A first primary winding wound around the magnetic leg of the core, a first secondary winding wound around the magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core, and A second primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs and magnetic legs of the second core, and a first winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of the first core and magnetic legs of the second core. 2 secondary windings.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic flux density distribution in the plurality of cores can be made uniform.

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration of a transformer 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a magnetic flux density distribution in the transformer 50 of the comparative example. FIG. 3 shows the magnetic flux density distribution in the transformer 1. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 2. FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 3. FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 4. FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 5. FIG. 8 shows an example of a magnetic flux path in the transformer 1 when using a core whose magnetic permeability does not have anisotropy. FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the configuration of the transformer 6 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the configuration of the transformer 7 according to the third embodiment. FIG. 11 is a horizontal sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 7. FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the configuration of the transformer 8 according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a side view showing the configuration of the transformer 8. FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the power generation system 200 according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power generation system 202 according to a modification of the fifth embodiment. FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply system 300 for an electric vehicle according to a comparative example. FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the power supply system 302 according to the sixth embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration of a transformer 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The transformer 1 includes a core 101 having a through hole and a core 102 having a through hole. The core 102 is provided in the through hole of the core 101. The average magnetic path length of the core 102 is shorter than the average magnetic path length of the core 101. The transformer 1 further passes through the through hole of the core 101, the primary winding 103 wound around the magnetic leg of the core 101 outside the core 102, the inside of the through hole of the core 101, and the outside of the core 102. The secondary winding 104 wound around the magnetic leg of the core 101 and the primary winding passed through the through holes of the cores 101 and 102 and wound around a bundle of the magnetic leg of the core 101 and the magnetic leg of the core 102 105 and a secondary winding 106 that passes through the through holes of the cores 101 and 102 and is wound around a bundle of the magnetic legs of the core 101 and the magnetic legs of the core 102.

  The primary windings 103 and 105 are electrically connected in series. The primary windings 103 and 105 are wound in a direction in which magnetic fluxes generated in the cores 101 and 102 do not cancel each other. The primary windings 103 and 105 in this embodiment have the same winding direction. The secondary windings 104 and 106 are electrically connected in series. The secondary windings 104 and 106 are wound in the same winding direction, and are wound in a direction that does not cancel the induced voltages generated at both ends. The secondary windings 104 and 106 in this embodiment have the same winding direction. The cores 101 and 102 in this embodiment are wound iron cores and are manufactured from materials having the same magnetic characteristics. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional areas of the cores 101 and 102 are constant over the magnetic flux path.

  Hereinafter, the homogenization of the magnetic flux density distribution in the transformer 1 will be described.

  First, the magnetic flux density distribution of the comparative example of the transformer 1 will be described.

  FIG. 2 shows a magnetic flux density distribution in the transformer 50 of the comparative example. This figure shows the configuration of the transformer 50 and the magnetic flux density distribution on the AA line in the transformer 50. The transformer 50 includes a core 171, and a primary winding 172 and a secondary winding 173 that are wound around the magnetic legs of the core 171. The core 171 is manufactured from a material having the same magnetic characteristics.

  The vacuum permeability is μ0. Assuming that the cross-sectional area of a core is S, the relative permeability of the core is μr, the magnetic path length of the core is L, and the magnetic resistance of the core is R, R is expressed by the following equation.

  R = L / (μ0 · μr · S) (1)

  That is, the longer the magnetic path length, the higher the magnetic resistance. Therefore, in the core 171, the magnetic path becomes shorter and the magnetic resistance becomes smaller toward the inner peripheral side, so that the magnetic flux density becomes higher. The magnetic flux density is maximized at the innermost periphery of the core 171. As the maximum value of the magnetic flux density inside the core 171 increases, the iron loss of the transformer increases.

  Next, the magnetic flux density distribution of the transformer 1 will be described.

  FIG. 3 shows the magnetic flux density distribution in the transformer 1. This figure shows the configuration of the transformer 1 and the magnetic flux density distribution on the CC line in the transformer 1. The magnetic flux density distribution indicates a magnetic flux density distribution 161 generated by the primary winding 105, a magnetic flux density distribution 162 generated by the primary winding 103, and a magnetic flux density distribution 163 generated by the primary windings 105 and 103.

  First, the magnetic flux density distribution 161 generated by the primary winding 105 will be described. Inside the core 102, the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding 105 is most concentrated on the innermost periphery of the core 102 having the lowest magnetic resistance, and becomes sparser toward the outer periphery of the core 102. Since the magnetic path length of the outermost circumference of the core 102 and the magnetic path length of the innermost circumference of the core 101 are discontinuous, the magnetic flux density distribution is discontinuous at the boundary surface B between the core 102 and the core 101. In the core 101, the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding 105 becomes sparse as it goes to the outer peripheral side of the core 101. Next, the magnetic flux density distribution 162 generated by the primary winding 103 will be described. Since the primary winding 103 is wound only around the core 101, the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding 103 is distributed only inside the core 101. Next, the magnetic flux density distribution 163 generated by the primary windings 105 and 103 will be described. Since the primary windings 103 and 105 do not cancel the magnetic fluxes generated in the cores 101 and 102, the magnetic flux distributed in the core 101 is generated by the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding 103 and the primary winding 105. It will be superposed with the magnetic flux to be.

  Ideally, for each of the cores 101 and 102, if the total number of primary windings to be wound is set to be proportional to the magnetic resistance, the magnetic flux density distribution inside each of the cores 101 and 102 is equal. . That is, in the transformer 1, the ratio of the total number of turns of the primary windings 103 and 105 wound around the core 102 to the number of turns of the primary winding 105 wound around the core 101 is the magnetic resistance of the core 102. When the ratio to the magnetic resistance of the core 101 becomes equal, the magnetic flux density distribution inside each of the cores 101 and 102 becomes equal. At this time, the iron loss of the transformer 1 is minimized.

  As explained above, the magnetic flux density distribution of the transformer 1 is made uniform compared to the magnetic flux density distribution of the transformer of the comparative example. Thereby, the iron loss of the transformer 1 becomes lower than the iron loss of the transformer of the comparative example, and the power conversion efficiency of the transformer 1 becomes higher than the power conversion efficiency of the transformer of the comparative example. Moreover, when implement | achieving the power conversion efficiency equivalent to the transformer of a comparative example, the transformer 1 can be made smaller than the transformer of a comparative example. Further, the transformer 1 does not need to use a plurality of materials having different magnetic characteristics for a plurality of cores in order to make the magnetic flux density distribution uniform.

  Hereinafter, a transformer 2 which is a modification of the transformer 1 will be described.

  FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 2. In this transformer 2, elements that are the same or equivalent elements of the transformer 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. The transformer 2 has primary windings 405 and 406 instead of the primary winding 105 in the transformer 1, and has secondary windings 407 and 408 instead of the secondary winding 106. The primary windings 103, 405, and 406 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in a direction that does not cancel the magnetic fluxes generated inside the cores 101 and 102. The secondary windings 104, 407, and 408 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in a direction that does not cancel the induced voltages generated at both ends of the windings.

  Primary windings 405 and 406 are respectively disposed on both sides of the cores 101 and 102, and secondary windings 407 and 408 are respectively disposed. By adopting such a left-right symmetric configuration, the installability can be improved compared to the transformer 1. Further, the primary winding 105 is divided into primary windings 405 and 406, and the secondary winding 106 is divided into secondary windings 407 and 408, so that the weight of the winding can be reduced when forming or loading the winding. The burden due to can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, a transformer 3 which is a modification of the transformer 1 will be described.

  FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 3. The transformer 3 includes a core 501 in which a through hole is formed, a core 502 that is disposed in the through hole of the core 501, has a through hole, and has an average magnetic path length shorter than the average magnetic path length of the core 501. The core 503 is in contact with the side surface of the outer peripheral surface of the core 501 and has a through hole formed therein. The core 503 is disposed in the through hole of the core 503. The through hole is formed, and the average magnetic path length of the core 503 is And a core 504 having a short average magnetic path length. The transformer 3 further includes a primary winding 505 and a secondary winding 506 that are wound around the magnetic legs of the cores 501 and 503 outside the cores 502 and 504 through the cores 501 and 503. The primary winding 507 and the secondary winding 508 are wound around the magnetic legs of the cores 501, 502, 503, and 504 through the through holes of the cores 501, 502, 503, and 504. The primary windings 505 and 507 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in such a direction that magnetic fluxes generated in the cores 501, 502, 503, and 504 do not cancel each other. The secondary windings 506 and 508 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in such a direction that the induced voltages generated at both ends of the windings do not cancel each other.

  By setting it as the structure like the transformer 3, the weight per core can be reduced. Thereby, the weight burden at the time of manufacture of the transformer 3 can be reduced, and the large-capacity transformer 3 is also suitable for divided transportation.

  Hereinafter, a transformer 4 which is a modification of the transformer 1 will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 4. In the transformer 4, elements that are the same or equivalent elements of the transformer 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In addition to the elements of the transformer 3, the transformer 4 is disposed in the through hole of the core 502, the core 601 is formed with a through hole, and has an average magnetic path length shorter than the average magnetic path length of the core 502, and the core 504. A core 602 having an average magnetic path length shorter than the average magnetic path length of the core 504. The transformer 4 further passes through the through holes of the cores 501, 502, 503, 504, 601, 602 and is wound around the magnetic legs of the cores 501, 502, 503, 504, 601, 602. 603 and secondary winding 604. The primary windings 505, 507, and 603 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in such a direction that magnetic fluxes generated in the cores 501, 502, 503, 504, 601, and 602 do not cancel each other. The secondary windings 506, 508, and 604 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in a direction that does not cancel the induced voltages generated at both ends of the windings.

  By adopting a configuration like the transformer 4, the weight per core can be further reduced as compared with the transformer 3. Further, it is possible to provide a large-capacity transformer 4 having a uniform magnetic flux density distribution inside the core.

  Hereinafter, a transformer 5 which is a modification of the transformer 1 will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 5. In this transformer 5, elements that are the same or equivalent elements of the transformer 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In addition to the elements of the transformer 3, the transformer 5 is disposed outside the cores 501 and 503, is in contact with a plane outside the cores 501 and 503, and has a core 701 on which a through hole is formed. A core 702 that is disposed on one side of the core 701 and touches a part of the outer peripheral surface of the core 701 and has a through hole formed therein. The core 702 is disposed in the through hole of the core 702 to form a through hole. A core 703 having an average magnetic path length shorter than the average magnetic path length; and a core 704 disposed on the other side of the core 701, in contact with a part of the outer peripheral surface of the core 701, and having a through-hole formed therein. And a core 705 which is disposed in the through hole of the core 704, has a through hole, and has an average magnetic path length shorter than the average magnetic path length of the core 704. That is, the cores 501 and 503 are disposed in the through hole of the core 701.

  The transformer 5 further passes through the through holes of the cores 501 and 702 and is wound around the magnetic legs of the cores 501, 701 and 702 outside the cores 502 and 703 and the secondary winding 707. A primary winding 708 and a secondary winding 709 that pass through the through holes of the cores 503 and 704 and are wound around the magnetic legs of the cores 503, 701, and 704 outside the cores 504 and 705, and the core 502 , 703, through the through holes of the cores 501, 502, 701, 702, and 703, and around the magnetic legs of the cores 501, 502, 701, 702, and 703, and the through holes of the cores 504 and 705. As shown in the figure, a primary winding 712 and a secondary winding 713 are wound around the magnetic legs of the cores 503, 504, 701, 704, and 705.

  The primary windings 505 and 507 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in such a direction that magnetic fluxes generated in the cores 501, 502, 503, and 504 do not cancel each other. The secondary windings 506 and 508 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in such a direction that the induced voltages generated at both ends of the windings do not cancel each other. The primary windings 706 and 710 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in a direction in which magnetic fluxes generated in the cores 501, 502, 701, 702, and 703 do not cancel each other. The secondary windings 707 and 711 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in a direction that does not cancel the induced voltages generated at both ends of the windings. The primary windings 708 and 712 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in a direction in which magnetic fluxes generated in the cores 503, 504, 701, 704, and 705 do not cancel each other. The secondary windings 709 and 713 are electrically connected in series, and are wound in a direction in which the induced voltages generated at both ends of the windings do not cancel each other.

  Thus, the transformer 5 includes a set of primary windings 505 and 507 and secondary windings 506 and 508, a set of primary windings 706 and 710 and secondary windings 707 and 711, and primary windings 708 and 712. And a set of secondary windings 709 and 713. With these three sets, a three-phase voltage can be handled. Further, the transformer 5 can make the magnetic flux density distribution inside the core uniform, as compared with the conventional three-phase transformer.

  The present invention is not limited to the configuration of the transformers 1 to 5. That is, the present invention uses the transformer 1 as a basic configuration to divide or add the primary winding, the secondary winding, and the core, and to change the positional relationship between the primary winding, the secondary winding, and the core. All the structures obtained by this are included.

  Hereinafter, the Example which provides a space | gap between two cores is described.

  First, the transformer 1 in the case of using a core whose magnetic permeability does not have anisotropy will be described.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of a magnetic flux path in the transformer 1 when using a core whose magnetic permeability does not have anisotropy. For example, the magnetic permeability of a normal ferrite core or dust core has no anisotropy (isotropic). When the magnetic permeability does not have anisotropy, in addition to a magnetic flux path 901 that circulates inside the core 101 and a magnetic flux path 902 that circulates inside the core 102, it passes through a part of the core 101 and a part of the core 102. A magnetic flux path 903 exists. The magnetic flux path 903 does not contribute to the uniformization of the magnetic flux density distribution described above.

  Next, the transformer 6 of the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the configuration of the transformer 6 according to the second embodiment. In this transformer 6, elements that are the same or equivalent elements of the transformer 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. The transformer 6 has a gap 801 between the cores 101 and 102 in the transformer 1.

  By providing an air gap 801 between the core 101 and the core 102 as in the transformer 3, the magnetic resistance between the core 101 and the core 102 is significantly higher than the magnetic resistance inside the core 101 and the core 102, and the magnetic flux path 903 is formed. The passing magnetic flux can be reduced. Thereby, the effect of equalizing the magnetic flux density distribution can be enhanced.

  When a core is formed by winding and laminating a thin ribbon having a thickness of about 10 to several tens of micrometers using an amorphous metal or a nanocrystalline soft magnetic material, such a core has a magnetic permeability due to its structure. Since it has anisotropy, the magnetic flux density distribution is easily made uniform without providing the gap 801. However, even if the magnetic permeability has anisotropy, if the ratio between the magnetic permeability in the magnetic flux direction and the magnetic permeability in the vertical direction is small, the effect of uniformizing the magnetic flux density distribution is provided by providing the air gap 801. Can be increased.

  Although the transformer 6 shows an example in which the air gap 801 is provided between the cores on the magnetic leg side where the primary winding 105 and the secondary winding 106 are not wound, the position of the air gap is limited to this example. It is not a thing. For example, when the winding is wound around the left and right magnetic legs as in the transformer 2, a uniform magnetic flux density distribution can be obtained without impairing the left-right symmetry by providing a gap between the cores of both magnetic legs. The effect of making can be increased.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the cross-sectional area of the inner core is made smaller than the cross-sectional area of the outer core will be described.

  FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the configuration of the transformer 7 according to the third embodiment. FIG. 11 is a horizontal sectional view showing the configuration of the transformer 7. This horizontal cross-sectional view shows a cross section taken along line DD in the vertical cross-sectional view of the transformer 7. In the transformer 7, elements that are the same or equivalent elements of the transformer 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. However, the cross-sectional area of the core 502 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the core 501, and the cross-sectional area of the core 504 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the core 503.

  By adopting a configuration like the transformer 7, the lengths of the primary winding 507 and the secondary winding 508 can be shortened compared to the transformer 3. As a result, the transformer can be reduced in size and weight, and at the same time, the copper loss can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment in which stress generated in the core is dispersed will be described.

  FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the configuration of the transformer 8 according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a side view showing the configuration of the transformer 8. In this transformer 8, elements that are the same or equivalent elements of the transformer 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In addition to the elements of the transformer 1, the transformer 8 includes a support portion 113 that supports the bottom surface of the core 102, a support portion 111 that supports the bottom surfaces of the primary winding 103 and the secondary winding 104, a primary winding 105, and And a support portion 112 that supports the bottom surface of the secondary winding 106. The core support portion corresponds to the support portion 113, for example. The winding support part corresponds to the support parts 111 and 112, for example.

  The core material includes a material whose magnetic properties deteriorate due to stress. An example of such a material is an amorphous core. When the transformer has a large capacity, the stress on the core due to the weight of the core is large, and the magnetic characteristics are deteriorated by the stress. In addition, when another core, a winding, or the like is placed on the core, stress is generated in the core. Therefore, in this embodiment, like the transformer 8, by providing the support portions 111, 112, and 113 on which the core and the winding are placed, the stress is dispersed and the deterioration of the magnetic characteristics due to the stress is reduced. Any of the support portions 111, 112, and 113 may be omitted. Such support portions 111, 112, and 113 are not limited to the configuration of the transformer 8. For example, even if the support portions 111 to 113 are replaced with a mechanism that suspends the core and the winding from the ceiling, the same effect as the support portions 111 to 113 can be obtained.

  Embodiments of a converter and a power generation system to which the transformer of the present invention is applied will be described below.

  FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the power generation system 200 according to the fifth embodiment. The power generation system 200 includes m power generation devices 201. m is an integer of 1 or more. Each of the plurality of power generation devices 201 has a DC output terminal and outputs DC power. The plurality of power generators 201 are electrically connected in series, and have DC output terminals at both ends of the series connection. The power generation system 200 supplies DC power to the DC power transmission means 137 by electrically connecting the DC output terminal to the DC power transmission means 137.

  Each of the plurality of power generators 201 includes an AC generator 131 that generates AC power, an AC-DC converter 134 that converts the AC power into DC power, and a converter 10 that converts the voltage of the DC power. . The converter 10 includes a DC-AC converter 135 that converts DC power into AC power, a transformer 9 that converts the voltage of the AC power, and an AC-DC converter 136 that converts the converted AC power into DC power. Have The transformer 9 is one to which any of the aforementioned transformers 1 to 8 is applied.

  The AC generator 131 includes a generator that generates AC power using a rotational motion, such as a turbine generator, a wind generator, or a hydroelectric generator. The AC output terminal of the AC generator 131 is electrically connected to the AC input terminal of the AC-DC converter 134. The DC output terminal of the AC-DC converter 134 is electrically connected to the DC input terminal of the DC-AC converter 135. The AC output terminal of the DC-AC converter 135 is electrically connected to the primary winding of the transformer 9. The secondary winding of the transformer 9 is electrically connected to the AC input terminal of the AC-DC converter 136. A DC output terminal of the AC-DC converter 136 is a DC output terminal of the power generation apparatus 201.

  Hereinafter, a power generation system according to a modification of the fifth embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power generation system 202 according to a modification of the fifth embodiment. In this power generation system 202, elements that are the same or equivalent elements of the power generation system 200 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. The power generation system 202 includes a plurality of power generation devices 203 instead of the plurality of power generation devices 201. Each of the plurality of power generation devices 203 has a DC output terminal and outputs DC power. The plurality of power generators 203 are electrically connected in series, and have DC output terminals at both ends of the series connection. When the DC output terminal is electrically connected to the DC power transmission unit 137, the power generation system 202 supplies DC power to the DC power transmission unit 137.

  Each of the plurality of power generators 203 includes a DC generator 132 that generates DC power and a converter 10 that converts the voltage of the DC power.

  The DC generator 132 includes a generator that generates DC power, such as solar power generation. The DC output terminal of the DC generator 132 is electrically connected to the DC input terminal of the DC-AC converter 135. The AC output terminal of the DC-AC converter 135 is electrically connected to the primary winding of the transformer 9. The secondary winding of the transformer 9 is electrically connected to the AC input terminal of the AC-DC converter 136. A DC output terminal of the AC-DC converter 136 is a DC output terminal of the power generation device 203.

  According to the present embodiment, the use of the transformer 9 makes it possible to reduce the volume and installation area of the power generation apparatuses 201 and 203 and the power generation systems 200 and 202.

  Embodiments of an electric vehicle power supply system to which the transformer of the present invention is applied will be described below.

  First, a comparative example of the power supply system of the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply system 300 for an electric vehicle according to a comparative example. In the power supply system 300, elements that are the same or equivalent to the elements of the power generation system 200 are assigned the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted. The power supply system 300 includes a charger 301 that converts AC power from the AC power source 141 into DC power and controls it, a battery 148 that charges and discharges DC power from the charger 301, and DC power from the battery 148. A converter 22 that converts the voltage; a battery 149 that has a voltage lower than the voltage of the battery 148 and that charges and discharges the DC power from the converter 22; and a voltage of the DC power from the battery 149 or the converter 22 A DC-DC converter 146 for conversion and a load 147 driven by DC power from the DC-DC converter 146 are included. Converter 22 includes a DC-AC converter 135 that converts DC power from battery 148 into AC power, a transformer 21 that converts the voltage of AC power from DC-AC converter 135, and AC power from transformer 21. And an AC-DC converter 136 that converts DC to DC power.

  The charger 301 converts an AC power from the AC power source 141 into a DC power, and transforms the DC power from the AC-DC converter 142 into a voltage necessary for charging the battery 148 to the battery 148. A DC-DC converter 143 that supplies DC power, and a DC-DC converter 144 that transforms DC power from the AC-DC converter 142 into a voltage necessary for charging the battery 149 and supplies DC power to the battery 149. .

  When it is necessary to supply a large amount of power to the load 147, the converter 22 supplies DC power from the battery 148 to the DC-DC converter 146. However, when the battery 301 is charging the battery 148 and power cannot be secured from the battery 148 to the load 147, the power conversion efficiency of the converter 22 decreases. In this case, the DC-DC converter 144 of the charger 301 supplies the DC power from the AC-DC converter 142 to the DC-DC converter 146 and the battery 149. Compared with the converter 22, the DC-DC converter 144 has a small allowable current, but the DC-DC converter 144 has high power conversion efficiency.

  Next, the power supply system of the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the power supply system 302 according to the sixth embodiment. In the power supply system 302, elements that are the same as or equivalent to the elements of the power supply system 300 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. Compared with the power supply system 300, the power supply system 302 has a charger 303 instead of the charger 301, and has a converter 10 instead of the converter 22. Compared with the converter 22, the converter 10 has a transformer 9 instead of the transformer 21. The transformer 9 is one to which any of the aforementioned transformers 1 to 8 is applied. Compared to the charger 301, the charger 303 does not require the DC-DC converter 144.

  By using the transformer 9 having higher power conversion efficiency than the transformer 21, the power conversion efficiency when the necessary power supply amount from the battery 148 to the load 147 cannot be secured can be improved, and the DC-DC converter 144 can be omitted. . Thereby, the number of parts of the power supply system 302 is reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

The techniques described in the above embodiments can be expressed as follows.
(Expression 1)
A first core;
A second core having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the first core;
A first primary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A first secondary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A second primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of the first core and magnetic legs of the second core;
A second secondary winding wound around a bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core and the magnetic legs of the second core;
Transformer with.
(Expression 2)
A first through hole is formed in the first core,
A second through hole is formed in the second core,
The second core is disposed in the first through hole.
The transformer according to expression 1.
(Expression 3)
A third primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of the first core and magnetic legs of the second core;
A third secondary winding wound around a bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core and the magnetic legs of the second core;
Further comprising
The transformer according to expression 2.
(Expression 4)
A third core provided outside the first core and having a third through hole formed thereon;
A fourth core provided in the third through hole, having a fourth through hole, and having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the third core;
Further comprising
The first primary winding and the first secondary winding are respectively connected to the magnetic legs of the first core and the third core outside the second core and the fourth core. Wound around a bundle with magnetic legs,
Each of the second primary winding and the second secondary winding includes a magnetic leg of the first core, a magnetic leg of the second core, a magnetic leg of the third core, and the fourth leg. Wound around a bundle with the core magnetic leg,
The transformer according to expression 2.
(Expression 5)
A fifth core that is provided in the second through hole, has a fifth through hole, and has an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the second core;
A sixth core that is provided in the fourth through hole, has a sixth through hole, and has an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the fourth core;
Magnetic leg of the first core, magnetic leg of the second core, magnetic leg of the third core, magnetic leg of the fourth core, magnetic leg of the fifth core, and the sixth core A fourth primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of
Magnetic leg of the first core, magnetic leg of the second core, magnetic leg of the third core, magnetic leg of the fourth core, magnetic leg of the fifth core, and the sixth core A fourth secondary winding wound around a bundle with a magnetic leg of
Further comprising
The transformer according to expression 4.
(Expression 6)
A seventh core that is formed with a seventh through hole, and that houses the first core and the third core in the seventh through hole;
An eighth core provided on one of the outer sides of the seventh core and having an eighth through hole;
A ninth core provided in the eighth through hole, having a ninth through hole, and having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the eighth core;
A tenth core provided on the other outer side of the seventh core and having a tenth through hole;
An eleventh core provided in the tenth through hole, having an eleventh through hole, and having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the tenth core;
Fifth wound around the bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core, the seventh core, and the magnetic legs of the eighth core outside the second core and the ninth core. A primary winding of
Fifth wound around the bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core, the seventh core, and the magnetic legs of the eighth core outside the second core and the ninth core. Secondary winding of
Winding around a bundle of a magnetic leg of the first core, a magnetic leg of the second core, a magnetic leg of the seventh core, a magnetic leg of the eighth core, and a magnetic leg of the ninth core A sixth primary winding made;
Winding around a bundle of a magnetic leg of the first core, a magnetic leg of the second core, a magnetic leg of the seventh core, a magnetic leg of the eighth core, and a magnetic leg of the ninth core A sixth secondary winding made,
The seventh core wound around the bundle of the third core magnetic leg, the seventh core magnetic leg, and the tenth core magnetic leg outside the fourth core and the eleventh core. A primary winding of
The seventh core wound around the bundle of the third core magnetic leg, the seventh core magnetic leg, and the tenth core magnetic leg outside the fourth core and the eleventh core. Secondary winding of
Winding around a bundle of a magnetic leg of the third core, a magnetic leg of the fourth core, a magnetic leg of the seventh core, a magnetic leg of the tenth core, and a magnetic leg of the eleventh core An eighth primary winding made;
Winding around a bundle of a magnetic leg of the third core, a magnetic leg of the fourth core, a magnetic leg of the seventh core, a magnetic leg of the tenth core, and a magnetic leg of the eleventh core An eighth secondary winding,
Further comprising
The transformer according to expression 4.
(Expression 7)
The first primary winding and the second primary winding are electrically connected in series, the magnetic flux generated by the first primary winding in the first core, and the second primary winding. A wire is wound in a direction in which magnetic fluxes generated in the first core and the second core do not cancel each other;
The first secondary winding and the second secondary winding are electrically connected in series, and an induced voltage generated at both ends of the first secondary winding, and the second secondary winding The induced voltage generated at both ends of the winding is wound in a direction that does not cancel each other,
The transformer according to any one of expressions 1 to 6.
(Expression 8)
The material of the second core is the same as the material of the first core.
The transformer according to any one of expressions 1 to 7.
(Expression 9)
A gap is formed between the first core and the second core.
The transformer according to any one of expressions 1 to 8.
(Expression 10)
The cross-sectional area of the first core is constant;
The cross-sectional area of the second core is constant;
The transformer according to any one of expressions 1 to 8.
(Expression 11)
The cross-sectional area of the second core is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first core;
The transformer according to expression 10.
(Expression 12)
Having a core support for supporting the second core;
The transformer according to any one of expressions 1 to 11.
(Expression 13)
A winding support portion that supports any of the first primary winding, the first secondary winding, the second primary winding, and the second secondary winding;
The transformer according to expression 12.
(Expression 14)
The ratio of the sum of the number of turns of the first primary winding and the number of turns of the second primary winding to the number of turns of the first primary winding is the magnetoresistance of the first core and the second core. Equal to the magnetoresistance ratio of
The transformer according to any one of expressions 1 to 13.
(Expression 15)
An input power conversion circuit that converts the nature of the input power;
A transformer for converting a voltage of power output from the input power conversion circuit;
An output power conversion circuit for converting the nature of the power output from the transformer;
With
The transformer is
A first core formed with a first through hole;
A second core that is provided in the first through hole, has a second through hole, and has an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the first core;
A first primary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A first secondary winding that passes through the first through-hole and is wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A second primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of the first core and magnetic legs of the second core;
A second secondary winding wound around a bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core and the magnetic legs of the second core;
Having a transducer.

  Terms in these expressions will be described. For example, the first core corresponds to the cores 101 and 501. The second core corresponds to the cores 102 and 502, for example. The first primary winding corresponds to the primary windings 103 and 505, for example. The first secondary winding corresponds to the secondary windings 104 and 506, for example. The second primary winding corresponds to, for example, the primary windings 105, 405, and 507. The second secondary winding corresponds to the secondary windings 106, 407, and 508, for example. The third primary winding corresponds to the primary winding 406, for example. The third secondary winding corresponds to the secondary winding 408, for example. The third core corresponds to the core 503, for example. The fourth core corresponds to the core 504, for example. For example, the fifth core corresponds to the core 601. The sixth core corresponds to the core 602, for example. For example, the fourth primary winding corresponds to the primary winding 603. For example, the fourth secondary winding corresponds to the secondary winding 604. The seventh core corresponds to the core 701, for example. The eighth core corresponds to the core 702, for example. The ninth core corresponds to the core 703, for example. The tenth core corresponds to the core 704, for example. The eleventh core corresponds to the core 705, for example. For example, the fifth primary winding corresponds to the primary winding 706. For example, the fifth secondary winding corresponds to the secondary winding 707. For example, the sixth primary winding corresponds to the primary winding 710. For example, the sixth secondary winding corresponds to the secondary winding 711. The seventh primary winding corresponds to the primary winding 708, for example. The seventh secondary winding corresponds to the secondary winding 709, for example. For example, the eighth primary winding corresponds to the primary winding 712. For example, the eighth secondary winding corresponds to the secondary winding 713.

  The input power conversion circuit is a DC-AC converter that converts DC power into AC power having a predetermined frequency, an AC-AC converter that converts AC power frequency to a higher frequency, or the like. The output power conversion circuit is an AC-DC converter that converts AC power of a predetermined frequency into DC power, an AC-AC converter that converts the frequency of AC power to a lower frequency, or the like.

101, 102, 501, 502, 503, 504, 601, 602, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705: Core, 103, 105, 405, 505, 507, 603, 706, 708, 710, 712: Primary volume Wire, 104, 106, 407, 506, 508, 604, 707, 709, 711, 713: secondary winding, 111, 112, 113: support, 801: gap

Claims (14)

A first core;
A second core having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the first core;
A first primary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A first secondary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A second primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of the first core and magnetic legs of the second core;
A second secondary winding wound around a bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core and the magnetic legs of the second core;
With
A first through hole is formed in the first core,
A second through hole is formed in the second core,
The second core is disposed in the first through hole.
Transformers. A third primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of the first core and magnetic legs of the second core;
A third secondary winding wound around a bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core and the magnetic legs of the second core;
Further comprising
The transformer according to claim 1 . A third core provided outside the first core and having a third through hole formed thereon;
A fourth core provided in the third through hole, having a fourth through hole, and having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the third core;
Further comprising
The first primary winding and the first secondary winding are respectively connected to the magnetic legs of the first core and the third core outside the second core and the fourth core. Wound around a bundle with magnetic legs,
Each of the second primary winding and the second secondary winding includes a magnetic leg of the first core, a magnetic leg of the second core, a magnetic leg of the third core, and the fourth leg. Wound around a bundle with the core magnetic leg,
The transformer according to claim 1 . A fifth core that is provided in the second through hole, has a fifth through hole, and has an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the second core;
A sixth core that is provided in the fourth through hole, has a sixth through hole, and has an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the fourth core;
Magnetic leg of the first core, magnetic leg of the second core, magnetic leg of the third core, magnetic leg of the fourth core, magnetic leg of the fifth core, and the sixth core A fourth primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of
Magnetic leg of the first core, magnetic leg of the second core, magnetic leg of the third core, magnetic leg of the fourth core, magnetic leg of the fifth core, and the sixth core A fourth secondary winding wound around a bundle with a magnetic leg of
Further comprising
The transformer according to claim 3 . A seventh core that is formed with a seventh through hole, and that houses the first core and the third core in the seventh through hole;
An eighth core provided on one of the outer sides of the seventh core and having an eighth through hole;
A ninth core provided in the eighth through hole, having a ninth through hole, and having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the eighth core;
A tenth core provided on the other outer side of the seventh core and having a tenth through hole;
An eleventh core provided in the tenth through hole, having an eleventh through hole, and having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the tenth core;
Fifth wound around the bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core, the seventh core, and the magnetic legs of the eighth core outside the second core and the ninth core. A primary winding of
Fifth wound around the bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core, the seventh core, and the magnetic legs of the eighth core outside the second core and the ninth core. Secondary winding of
Winding around a bundle of a magnetic leg of the first core, a magnetic leg of the second core, a magnetic leg of the seventh core, a magnetic leg of the eighth core, and a magnetic leg of the ninth core A sixth primary winding made;
Winding around a bundle of a magnetic leg of the first core, a magnetic leg of the second core, a magnetic leg of the seventh core, a magnetic leg of the eighth core, and a magnetic leg of the ninth core A sixth secondary winding made,
The seventh core wound around the bundle of the third core magnetic leg, the seventh core magnetic leg, and the tenth core magnetic leg outside the fourth core and the eleventh core. A primary winding of
The seventh core wound around the bundle of the third core magnetic leg, the seventh core magnetic leg, and the tenth core magnetic leg outside the fourth core and the eleventh core. Secondary winding of
Winding around a bundle of a magnetic leg of the third core, a magnetic leg of the fourth core, a magnetic leg of the seventh core, a magnetic leg of the tenth core, and a magnetic leg of the eleventh core An eighth primary winding made;
Winding around a bundle of a magnetic leg of the third core, a magnetic leg of the fourth core, a magnetic leg of the seventh core, a magnetic leg of the tenth core, and a magnetic leg of the eleventh core An eighth secondary winding,
Further comprising
The transformer according to claim 3 . A first core;
A second core having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the first core;
A first primary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A first secondary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A second primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of the first core and magnetic legs of the second core;
A second secondary winding wound around a bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core and the magnetic legs of the second core;
With
The first primary winding and the second primary winding are electrically connected in series, the magnetic flux generated by the first primary winding in the first core, and the second primary winding. A wire is wound in a direction in which magnetic fluxes generated in the first core and the second core do not cancel each other;
The first secondary winding and the second secondary winding are electrically connected in series, and an induced voltage generated at both ends of the first secondary winding, and the second secondary winding The induced voltage generated at both ends of the winding is wound in a direction that does not cancel each other,
Transformers. The material of the second core is the same as the material of the first core.
The transformer according to claim 1 or 6 . A gap is formed between the first core and the second core.
The transformer according to claim 1 or 6 . In the first core , a first cross-sectional area that is an area of a cross section perpendicular to the magnetic flux path is constant over the magnetic flux path ;
In the second core , a second cross-sectional area that is an area of a cross section perpendicular to the magnetic flux path is constant over the magnetic flux path .
The transformer according to claim 1 or 6 . The second cross-sectional area is smaller than the first cross-sectional area;
The transformer according to claim 9 . Having a core support for supporting the second core;
The transformer according to claim 1 or 6 . A winding support portion that supports any of the first primary winding, the first secondary winding, the second primary winding, and the second secondary winding;
The transformer according to claim 11 . A first core;
A second core having an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the first core;
A first primary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A first secondary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A second primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of the first core and magnetic legs of the second core;
A second secondary winding wound around a bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core and the magnetic legs of the second core;
With
The ratio of the sum of the number of turns of the first primary winding and the number of turns of the second primary winding to the number of turns of the first primary winding is the magnetoresistance of the first core and the second core. Equal to the magnetoresistance ratio of
Transformers. An input power conversion circuit that converts the nature of the input power;
A transformer for converting a voltage of power output from the input power conversion circuit;
An output power conversion circuit for converting the nature of the power output from the transformer;
With
The transformer is
A first core formed with a first through hole;
A second core that is provided in the first through hole, has a second through hole, and has an average magnetic path length shorter than an average magnetic path length of the first core;
A first primary winding wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A first secondary winding that passes through the first through-hole and is wound around a magnetic leg of the first core outside the second core;
A second primary winding wound around a bundle of magnetic legs of the first core and magnetic legs of the second core;
A second secondary winding wound around a bundle of the magnetic legs of the first core and the magnetic legs of the second core;
Having a transducer.

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