JP5941169B2 - ターボポンプ - Google Patents
ターボポンプ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5941169B2 JP5941169B2 JP2014561379A JP2014561379A JP5941169B2 JP 5941169 B2 JP5941169 B2 JP 5941169B2 JP 2014561379 A JP2014561379 A JP 2014561379A JP 2014561379 A JP2014561379 A JP 2014561379A JP 5941169 B2 JP5941169 B2 JP 5941169B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- pump
- wheels
- compressor wheel
- assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 59
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/09—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/34—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with compressors, turbines or the like in the recirculation passage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/001—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust using exhaust drives arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/007—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in parallel, e.g. at least one pump supplying alternatively
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/08—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines for engines having two or more intake charge compressors or exhaust gas turbines, e.g. a turbocharger combined with an additional compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems characterised by means for attaching parts of an EGR system to each other or to engine parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
- F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/50—Arrangements or methods for preventing or reducing deposits, corrosion or wear caused by impurities
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/40—Application in turbochargers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
Description
(a)エンジンの吸気管への、加圧されていない排気ガスの直接流入
(b)EGRターボポンプ・コンプレッサーへの、加圧されていない排気ガスの直接流入
(c)望ましい割合での(a)及び(b)の組合せ
(d)吸気管からの新鮮な空気とともに再循環排気チャージの希釈、EGRターボポンプ・コンプレッサーへの混合流流れ
(e)(a)及び(d)の組合せ
Claims (16)
- 共通の軸の周りで回転可能な対をなすタービン及びコンプレッサーホイールを備える内燃エンジンのポンプアセンブリであって、前記ホイールの内側対が、スピンドルに対して回転可能なチューブ状シャフトに連結されるものであり、前記スピンドルが、該シャフトを通過して前記ホイールの外側対を連結するものであり、前記ホイールの外側対のそれぞれが、前記ホイールの内側対へのガス流れ用の通路を画定する中央開口部を有し、一の対をなす前記ホイールが、前記エンジンの吸気口のためのターボチャージャーを備え、他の対をなす前記ホイールが、前記吸気口へ再循環される排気ガス用のポンプを備えるアセンブリ。
- 二対のタービン及びコンプレッサーホイールを有する請求項1に記載のアセンブリ。
- 前記ターボチャージャーが、前記ホイールの内側対を備える請求項2に記載のアセンブリ。
- 前記スピンドルが、前記チューブ状シャフト内に軸支される請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のアセンブリ。
- 前記ポンプのタービンを通る排気ガス流れを制御するべく作動可能なバルブを含む請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のアセンブリ。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のアセンブリと、内部にクロージャーバルブを有する排気ガス戻りダクトとを備えるEGRシステム。
- 前記ダクトが、そこを通って流れるガスの温度を下げるクーラーを包含する請求項6に記載のEGRシステム。
- 前記クロージャーバルブが、排気ガスを、前記ポンプのコンプレッサーホイールに向けるべく作動可能であり、前記ポンプの排気口が、前記ターボチャージャーのコンプレッサーホイールの下流側でエンジンの吸気管に連結される請求項6又は7に記載のEGRシステム。
- 前記クロージャーバルブが、排気ガスを、前記ポンプのコンプレッサーホイールに向けるべく作動可能であり、前記ポンプの排気口が、前記ターボチャージャーのコンプレッサーホイールの上流側でエンジンの吸気管に連結される請求項7又は8に記載のEGRシステム。
- 前記クロージャーバルブが、排気ガス流れの選択可能な割合を、前記ターボチャージャーのコンプレッサーホイールの上流側で、前記吸気管に向けるべく作動可能である請求項8又は9に記載のEGRシステム。
- 前記クロージャーバルブが、エンジンの吸気管から空気を流入させて、前記ポンプのコンプレッサーホイールに向けられた排気ガスを補うべく作動可能である請求項8〜10のいずれか一項に記載のEGRシステム。
- 前記クロージャーバルブが、望ましい流路を実現するべく組み合わせて作動可能な複数のバルブ要素を備える請求項6〜11のいずれか一項に記載のEGRシステム。
- 前記クロージャーバルブが、望ましい流路を実現するべく切替可能なバルブ要素を有するマルチパスバルブを備える請求項6〜11のいずれか一項に記載のEGRシステム。
- 単一の吸気口、単一の排気口、吸気マニホールド用の単一の連結部、及び、排気マニホールド用の単一の連結部を有する請求項6〜13のいずれか一項に記載のEGRシステム。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のアセンブリもしくはシステムを有するエンジン。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のアセンブリもしくはシステムを有する自動車。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1204323.8 | 2012-03-12 | ||
GB1204323.8A GB2500193B (en) | 2012-03-12 | 2012-03-12 | Combined Turbocharger and EGR Pump Assembly |
PCT/EP2013/054738 WO2013135580A1 (en) | 2012-03-12 | 2013-03-08 | Turbo pump |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2015513639A JP2015513639A (ja) | 2015-05-14 |
JP5941169B2 true JP5941169B2 (ja) | 2016-06-29 |
Family
ID=46026387
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014561379A Expired - Fee Related JP5941169B2 (ja) | 2012-03-12 | 2013-03-08 | ターボポンプ |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9458800B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2825761B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5941169B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104169559B (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2500193B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013135580A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020064679A1 (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-04-02 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Egr system and cleaning and cooling system for egr pump |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2595505A (en) * | 1946-04-20 | 1952-05-06 | Continental Aviat & Engineerin | Coaxial combustion products generator, turbine, and compressor |
CH594132A5 (ja) * | 1975-10-17 | 1977-12-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
US4155684A (en) * | 1975-10-17 | 1979-05-22 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited | Two-stage exhaust-gas turbocharger |
GB8305935D0 (en) * | 1983-03-03 | 1983-04-07 | Brown Tractors Ltd | Power takeoff mechanisms |
DE4312462A1 (de) * | 1993-04-16 | 1994-10-20 | Mak Maschinenbau Krupp | Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasrückführung |
SE506125C2 (sv) | 1994-12-08 | 1997-11-10 | Scania Cv Ab | Arrangemang för återledning av avgaser i överladdade motorer med parallella turbiner |
US6145313A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 2000-11-14 | Allied Signal Inc. | Turbocharger incorporating an integral pump for exhaust gas recirculation |
US6050095A (en) * | 1999-08-17 | 2000-04-18 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Turbocharger with integrated exhaust gas recirculation pump |
JP4049367B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-26 | 2008-02-20 | 株式会社新エィシーイー | ディーゼルエンジンのegr装置 |
US20050023779A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-02-03 | Kalvelage Douglas Charles | Variable resistance tracton sled for skaters |
US7150152B2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2006-12-19 | Caterpillar Inc | Vibration limiter for coaxial shafts and compound turbocharger using same |
US7571608B2 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2009-08-11 | General Electric Company | Turbocharged engine system and method of operation |
JP2008025543A (ja) * | 2006-07-25 | 2008-02-07 | Toyota Industries Corp | 内燃機関の排気再循環システム |
JP2010127106A (ja) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-06-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気駆動式過給機 |
WO2010072227A1 (de) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | Abgasrückführungssystem und verfahren zur abgasrückführung |
EP2218896B1 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2012-04-04 | Caterpillar Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | A turbocharged engine with exhaust gas recycling |
DE202009002385U1 (de) * | 2009-02-20 | 2009-05-14 | GFO Filter- und Oberflächentechnik F. Götz GmbH | Baugruppe zur Vorverdichtung der Ladeluft einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
KR101509819B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-03 | 2015-04-14 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 배기 분할 밸브를 이용한 저압 배기가스 재 순환장치 및 그 제어방법 |
JP5701016B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-09 | 2015-04-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | エンジン排気ガス浄化装置 |
-
2012
- 2012-03-12 GB GB1204323.8A patent/GB2500193B/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-03-08 US US14/383,969 patent/US9458800B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-08 EP EP13708420.8A patent/EP2825761B1/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 JP JP2014561379A patent/JP5941169B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-08 WO PCT/EP2013/054738 patent/WO2013135580A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-03-08 CN CN201380014041.XA patent/CN104169559B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2500193A (en) | 2013-09-18 |
GB2500193B (en) | 2014-06-25 |
CN104169559A (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
JP2015513639A (ja) | 2015-05-14 |
US20150020782A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
EP2825761B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
CN104169559B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
GB201204323D0 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
WO2013135580A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
EP2825761A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
US9458800B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
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