JP5921608B2 - 複合物品及びその複合物品を製作する方法 - Google Patents
複合物品及びその複合物品を製作する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
第1の組成物を有するガラスセラミック粒子と、第2の組成物を有するガラスを含むセラミック粒子との混合物を用意するステップであって、第1の組成物と第2の組成物は各々、金属酸化物の混合物を含み、第1の組成物における、特定の金属酸化物の重量による量は、第2の組成物におけるその金属酸化物の重量パーセントの少なくとも90パーセント(いくつかの実施形態においては、少なくとも95パーセント、97パーセント、98パーセント、又は少なくとも99パーセント)であり、第1の組成物と第2の組成物の間で異なる金属酸化物の総量は、全ての第1の組成物と第2の組成物の金属酸化物の総重量の10%を超えることがなく(いくつかの実施形態においては、10%、5%、3%、2%を超えることがなく、又は1%を超えることがなく)、第1の組成物と第2の組成物は各々、第1組成物と第2の組成物の全重量を基準としてそれぞれ、少なくとも35重量パーセント(いくつかの実施形態においては、40重量パーセント、45重量パーセント、50重量パーセント、55重量パーセント、60重量パーセント、65重量パーセント、又は少なくとも70重量パーセント)のAl2O3を含む、ステップと
セラミック粒子のガラスが凝結して複合物品が得られるように、混合物を加熱するステップと、を含む方法を提供する。所望により、その方法は、ガラスの少なくとも一部分を結晶性セラミックスに変換しガラスセラミックスが得られる(即ちガラスの少なくとも一部分が結晶化する)ように、複合物品内に存在するガラスを熱処理するステップを更に含んでいる。
「非晶質材料」とは、溶融物及び/又は気相から誘導された材料であって、X線回折で判定される長距離結晶構造に欠け、及び/又は、本明細書において説明する「示差熱分析」と題された試験で判定されるように、DTA(示差熱分析)で判定される非晶質材料の結晶化に対応する発熱性のピークを有するものを指し、
「セル」とは、セラミック材料が結晶化される場合に少なくとも2つの別個の結晶相を形成するセラミック材料の最小の構造単位を指す。非晶質材料において、セルは、組成物中で本質的に均質であり、又、ミクロ構造の特徴(例えば粒界)を本質的に皆無にしている。本発明の状況において、個々のセルは一般に、複数の他の体と凝結してより大きな圧密化セラミック材料を形成する個々の体(例えば、粒子、ガラス体など)に対応する。セルの寸法は、当該技術分野において既知の金属組織学及び顕微鏡法(例えば、SEM、TEM)を使用して求めることができる。
「複合金属酸化物」とは、2つ以上の異なる金属元素と酸素とを含んだ金属酸化物(例えば、CeAl11O18、Dy3Al5O12、MgAl2O4、及びY3Al5O12)を指し、
「複合Al2O3・金属酸化物」とは、理論的な酸化物を基準として、Al2O3と、Al以外の1つ以上の金属元素とを含んだ複合金属酸化物(例えば、CeAl11O18、Dy3Al5O12、MgAl2O4、及びY3Al5O12)を指し、
「複合Al2O3・Y2O3」とは、理論的な酸化物を基準として、Al2O3とY2O3とを含んだ複合金属酸化物(例えば、Y3Al5O12)を指し、
「複合Al2O3・REO」とは、理論的な酸化物を基準として、Al2O3と希土類酸化物とを含んだ複合金属酸化物(例えば、CeAl11O18及びDy3Al5O12)を指し、
「ガラス」とは、ガラス転移温度を呈する非晶質材料を指し、
「ガラスセラミック」とは、ガラスを熱処理することによって形成された結晶を含んだセラミックを指し、
「Tg」とは、本明細書に記載の「示差熱分析」と題する試験によって求められるガラス転移温度を指し、
「Tx」とは、本明細書に記載の「示差熱分析」と題する試験によって求められる結晶化温度を指し、
「希土類酸化物」とは、酸化セリウム(例えばCeO2)、酸化ジスプロシウム(例えばDy2O3)、酸化エルビウム(例えばEr2O3)、酸化ユーロピウム(例えばEu2O3)、酸化ガドリニウム(例えばGd2O3)、酸化ホルミウム(例えば、Ho2O3)、酸化ランタン(例えばLa2O3)、酸化ルテチウム(例えばLu2O3)、酸化ネオジム(例えばNd2O3)、酸化プラセオジム(例えばPr6O11)、酸化サマリウム(例えばSm2O3)、酸化テルビウム(例えばTb2O3)、酸化トリウム(例えばTh4O7)、酸化ツリウム(例えばTm2O3)、酸化イッテルビウム(例えばYb2O3)、並びにそれらの組み合わせを指し、
「REO」とは、希土類酸化物(1つ又は複数)を指す。
商業的な原料を含めた、金属酸化物の原料には、酸化物自体、金属粉末、複合酸化物、鉱石、炭酸塩、酢酸塩、硝酸塩、塩化物、水酸化物などが挙げられる。
スプレー乾燥供給粉末を調製するために、溶媒と、結合剤と、分散剤とを含めた原材料を、以下の表1に従って量り分けた。
スプレー乾燥供給粉末(「供給粉末の調製」の節(上記)で記載したように調製した)を使用して、ガラスビーズを調製した。スプレー乾燥供給粉末を水素/酸素トーチの火炎の中に約10グラム/分で送り込んだ。より具体的には、振動粉末フィーダーに取り付けたガラス漏斗を通じて粉末を火炎の中に送り込んだ。結果として生じた溶融した原材料を、19リットル(5ガロン)の角形の容器(縦41センチメートル(cm)、横53cm、高さ18cm)に入れた水の中で急冷して、溶融液滴を急冷した。この水は約20℃であり、連続的に循環していた。トーチは、ペンシルバニア州ヘラータウン(Hellertown)のベスヘレムアパレイタス社(Bethlehem ApparatusCo.)から商標表記「BETHLEHEM BENCH BURNER PM2D、MODEL B」として入手した。トーチは中央供給ポート(内径0.475cm(3/16インチ))を有しており、この中央供給ポートを通じて、供給粒子を火炎の中に導いた。トーチに対する水素及び酸素の流量は、それぞれ42標準リットル毎分(SLPM)及び18SLPMであった。火炎が水に当たる確度は、約90°であった。火炎と水面との距離は、約38cmであった。結果として生じた(急冷された)粒子を受皿に収集し、乾燥するまで(約30分間)電気加熱炉内で110℃で加熱した。
ガラス(ガラスビーズを含む)の結晶化のために、ガラスの対応する組成物の結晶化温度Txを超える熱処理計画を行った。
大量のガラスビーズ(望ましい組成を有する)を取り出し、そのガラスビーズをステンレス鋼箔に封入(即ち缶詰)することによって、実施例を製作するのに使用するための砥粒を調製し、真空下で密封した。次いで、封入したビーズを熱間静水圧プレス機(HIP)(オハイオ州コロンバス(Columbus)のアメリカンイソスタティックプレス社(AmericanIsostatic Presses, Inc.)から商標表記「IPS EAGLE−6」として入手した)内に置いた。1000℃のピーク温度で、又約3000気圧のアルゴンガス圧力で、HIPを実行した。HIP炉を、まず750℃まで10℃/分で、次いで750℃から980℃に25℃/分で逓増させた。温度を980℃で20分間にわたって保ち、次いで1000℃に上昇させた。1000℃での10分後に電源を切り、炉を冷却させた。アルゴンガスの圧力を37.5気圧/分の速度で作用させた。炉の温度が750℃となったとき、アルゴンガスの圧力は3000気圧に達した。炉の温度が約750℃に低下するまで、この圧力を維持した。圧力を30気圧/分の速度でゆるめた。結果として生じた円板は、約直径10cm、厚さ4.5cmであったが、この円板を、まずハンマーを使用して約1cmの寸法の破片に粉砕し、次いで「Chipmunk」ジョー粉砕機(カリフォルニア州バーバンク(Burbank)のBICO社(BICO Inc.)によって製造されているタイプVD)を使用してより小さな粒子に粉砕し、ふるい分けして、177マイクロメートルから850マイクロメートルの範囲に及ぶ粒径に対応する−20+80メッシュの画分を得た。粉砕しふるい分けした粒子は透明性を維持し、ビーズのHIP並びに円板の粉砕及びふるい分けの間、著しい結晶化現象が発生しなかったことが示唆された。
実施例1の複合物品は、15グラムの組成物1(ALZ)の結晶性ビーズ(研磨粒子)(「ガラスビーズの調製」及び「ガラスビーズの結晶化」と題した上記の節で説明したように調製した)と、15グラムの組成物1(ALZ)のガラスビーズ(「ガラスビーズの調製」と題した上記の節で説明したように調製した)との混合物から調製した。結晶性ビーズをふるい分けして、−100+150メッシュサイズの画分(即ち、100マイクロメートルの開口径のふるいと150マイクロメートルの開口径のふるいとの間で収集される画分)を得た。ガラスビーズをふるい分けして、−50+70メッシュサイズの画分(即ち、300マイクロメートルの開口径のふるいと212マイクロメートルの開口径のふるいとの間で収集される画分)を得た。結晶性ビーズの平均径とガラスビーズの平均径との比は、0.49:1であった。
(a)複合混合物が、18グラムの組成物1(ALZ)の結晶性ビーズと、12グラムの組成物1(ALZ)のガラスビーズとを含有していたこと、(b)ガラスビーズを10ミクロンサイズの平均粒径にジェットミリングしたことを除き、実施例1で説明した通りに、実施例2を調製した。結晶性ビーズの平均径とガラスビーズの平均径との比は、12.5:1であった。
(a)組成物1(ALZ)の砥粒をふるい分けして−35+45メッシュの画分を残留させたこと、及び(b)組成物1(ALZ)のガラスビーズを10ミクロンサイズの平均粒径にジェットミリングしたことを除き、実施例1で説明した通りに、実施例3を調製した。結晶性ビーズの平均径とガラスビーズの平均径との比は、43:1であった。
15グラムの組成物1(ALZ)の結晶性ビーズ(「ガラスビーズの調製」及び「ガラスビーズの結晶化」と題した上記の節で説明したとおりに調製した)と、商業的に入手可能な15グラムのガラスフリット(オハイオ州クリーブランド(Cleveland)のフェロ社(Ferro Corporation)から入手したFerroFrit #3227)との混合物を使用して、比較例Aを調製した。組成物1(ALZ)の結晶性ビーズをふるい分けして、−35+45のメッシュサイズの画分(即ち、500マイクロメートルの開口径のふるいと355マイクロメートルの開口径のふるいとの間で収集される画分)を得た。結晶性ビーズの平均径とガラスフリットの平均径との比は、5.7:1であった。
ガラスフリットをフェロ社(Ferro Corporation)から商標表記「FERRO FRIT 3227」として入手したこと、(b)組成物1の結晶性ビーズをふるい分けして−70+100のメッシュサイズの画分(即ち、212マイクロメートルの開口径のふるいと150マイクロメートルの開口径のふるいとの間で収集される画分)を残留させたことを除き、比較例Aに関して説明した通りに比較例Bを調製した。結晶性ビーズの平均径とガラスフリットの平均径との比は、2.4:1であった。
Claims (1)
- 結晶性ビーズ及びマトリックスを有する複合物品の製造方法であって、
結晶性ビーズとガラスビーズとを熱間圧縮する工程を備え、
前記結晶性ビーズ及び前記ガラスビーズは同一の組成を有し、且つ、
前記結晶性ビーズ及び前記ガラスビーズは各々、前記結晶性ビーズと前記ガラスビーズの全重量を基準としてそれぞれ、少なくとも35重量パーセントのAl2O3を含む、製造方法。
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US20070155293A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
WO2007078914A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
EP1976666A4 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
JP2009522196A (ja) | 2009-06-11 |
EP1976666A1 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
JP2014240348A (ja) | 2014-12-25 |
EP1976666B1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
US7281970B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 |
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