JP5908155B1 - Endoscope - Google Patents

Abstract

To reduce the size and cost of an endoscope. An endoscope includes an imaging element 33 in which an imaging surface 41 is covered with an element cover glass 43 at a distal end portion 15 of an insertion portion, a lens 93 that forms an incident light from a subject on the imaging surface 41, and Four electric wires 45 connected to each of an adhesive resin 37 for fixing the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 and four conductor connecting portions 49 provided on the surface opposite to the imaging surface 41 of the imaging element 33. The image sensor 33 has a 4 × n square shape (n is a natural number) in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens, and the four electric wires 45 are composed of an image sensor. The four conductor connection portions 49 arranged at the four corners of the rear end face of the 33 4 × n square are respectively connected. [Selection] Figure 13

Description

  The present invention relates to an endoscope.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, endoscopes for imaging the inside of a patient's body, equipment, or structure are widely used in the medical field or the industrial field. In this type of endoscope, light from an imaging region is imaged on a light receiving surface of an image sensor by an objective lens system in an insertion portion inserted into an observation target. The endoscope converts the imaged light into an electrical signal and transmits it as a video signal to an external image processing device or the like via a signal cable.

  For example, in an endoscope used in the medical field, in order to reduce the burden on the patient, it is important to further reduce the outer diameter of the insertion portion on the distal end side inserted into the body of the patient. ing. Conventionally, the normal outer diameter of the oral endoscope has a maximum outer diameter of about 8 to 9 mm. For this reason, it is easy to touch a tongue base part at the time of insertion, and the patient may be accompanied by nausea and breathlessness. Therefore, in recent years, small-diameter nasal endoscopes are rapidly spreading. The small-diameter nasal endoscope has a maximum outer diameter of about 5 to 6 mm, which is about half that of a conventional oral endoscope. For this reason, the small-diameter nasal endoscope can be inserted through the nasal cavity, coupled with the thinness of about 5 mm, there are few vomiting reflections, and the insertion is often not bothered.

  For example, the electronic endoscope system 501 of Patent Document 1 shown in FIG. 25 mainly includes an endoscope 503, a light source device 505, a video processor 507, and a monitor 509. The endoscope 503 includes a long and narrow insertion portion 511, an operation portion 513, and a universal cable 515 that is an electric cable. The insertion portion 511 of the endoscope 503 is configured to include a distal end portion 517, a bending portion 519, and a flexible tube portion 521 in this order from the distal end side inserted into the patient. The operation unit 513 includes an operation unit main body 523 and a treatment instrument channel insertion part 525 for inserting various treatment instruments into the insertion part 511. A bending operation knob 527 for bending the bending portion 519 is disposed on the operation portion main body 523. The bending operation knob 527 includes a UD bending operation knob 529 for bending the bending portion 519 in the vertical direction and an RL bending operation knob 531 for bending the bending portion 519 in the left-right direction.

  An endoscope 533 of Patent Document 2 shown in FIG. 26 includes an outer cylinder 535 at the tip. The outer cylinder 535 is provided with an imaging mechanism 539 covered with a light-shielding material 537 filled. The imaging mechanism 539 is optically coupled to the imaging element 543 having the light receiving part 541 on one surface, the cover member 545 covering the surface on which the light receiving part 541 of the imaging element 543 is provided, and the light receiving part 541 of the imaging element 543. A lens unit 547 and a flexible printed wiring board 549 are provided. The lens unit 547 includes an objective cover member 551, a diaphragm 553, a plano-convex lens 555, a plano-convex lens 557, and a lens barrel 559 to which these are fixed, from the object side. The plano-convex lens 557 and the cover member 545 are fixed with an adhesive 561.

International Publication No. 2013/031276 International Publication No. 2013/146091

  By the way, the endoscope is required to further reduce the outer diameter (for example, to reduce the outer diameter of the insertion portion on the distal end side of Patent Document 1 or the objective side of Patent Document 2). This is not the above-described existing small-diameter nasal endoscope, but the existing small-diameter nasal endoscope is difficult to insert into the body of the patient (for example, a very thin tube such as a blood vessel). Based on a medical request to insert it into a hole and observe the details inside.

  However, the endoscope 503 disclosed in Patent Document 1 has an appearance and description of an application example shown in FIG. 1 of the same document (for example, an insertion portion 511 for inserting into an upper or lower digestive organ of a living body). It is presumed that it is mainly inserted into the human digestive tract from a so-called flexible mirror having flexibility. For this reason, it is difficult to observe the inside by inserting into a tube or hole having a very small diameter such as a blood vessel of a human body.

  In the endoscope 533 disclosed in Patent Document 2, in the imaging mechanism 539, the imaging element 543 and the flexible printed wiring board 549 are larger in the radial direction than the outer diameter of the lens barrel 559. In addition, the endoscope 533 has a configuration in which an imaging mechanism 539 made of these members is accommodated in an outer cylinder 535 and the imaging mechanism 539 is covered with a light-shielding material 537 filled in the outer cylinder 535. For this reason, the distance between the imaging element 543 and the flexible printed wiring board 549 that protrudes outward in the radial direction from the lens barrel 559 and the thickness of the outer cylinder 535 are disadvantageous for downsizing. Moreover, since the outer cylinder 535 is required, the number of parts increases and the cost also increases.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and provides an endoscope that can be reduced in size (for example, the outer diameter of the insertion portion on the distal end side is reduced) and cost can be reduced. There is to do.

The present invention includes a single lens outer shape is square in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, the outer shape and the same of the imaging element outside shape in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis said single lens, the Covering the imaging surface of the imaging device, the outer shape in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis is the same as the outer shape of the single lens, and the optical axis of the single lens coincides with the center of the imaging surface and adhesive resin in which the said single lens is fixed and the element cover glass, a transmission cable having four electric wires which are connected to each of the four conductor connection section provided in the image pickup element, the a, wherein no more than one side of 0.5 mm length of the image pickup device, before Symbol four wires, the four conductors connecting portion arranged in the four corners of the rear surface having a square shape of the imaging device The central portions of the single lenses are convex on the imaging side. The lens has a convex curved surface that is substantially spherical and constitutes a lens surface. The peripheral edge of the single lens has a flat end surface and an adhesive surface with the element cover glass over the entire end surface. It provides an endoscope.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of an endoscope.

Overall configuration diagram showing an example of an endoscope system using the endoscope of each embodiment The perspective view which shows a mode that the front-end | tip part of the endoscope of 1st Embodiment was seen from the front side. Sectional drawing which shows an example of the front-end | tip part of the endoscope of 1st Embodiment Sectional drawing which shows an example of the structure with which adhesive resin was filled in the separation part of the endoscope of 1st Embodiment. The perspective view which shows a mode that the image pick-up element by which the transmission cable was connected to the conductor connection part of the endoscope of 1st Embodiment was seen from the back side. Front view showing an example of a tip portion representing an arrangement example of light guides as an example of illumination means Characteristic diagram showing an example of the relationship between the thickness of the mold part and the transmittance (A) The figure which shows an example of the captured image when there is stray light, (B) The figure which shows an example of the captured image when there is no stray light Characteristic diagram showing an example of the relationship between the additive amount and tensile strength in the mold part The figure which shows an example of the relationship between the addition amount of the additive in a mold part, resistance value, and light-shielding rate Sectional drawing which shows an example of the structure by which the thin sheath was connected to the front-end | tip part The perspective view which shows a mode that the front-end | tip part of the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment was seen from the front side. Sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the front-end | tip part of the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. Sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the state in which the lens and imaging device in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment were directly attached via adhesive resin. The perspective view which shows a mode that the image pick-up element by which the transmission cable was connected to the conductor connection part of the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment was seen from the back side. Side view showing examples of dimensions of objective cover glass, lens, and element cover glass The figure which shows the 1st example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 1st example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 1st example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 2nd example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 2nd example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 2nd example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 3rd example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 3rd example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 3rd example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 3rd example of the lens shape in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the structural example of the adhesive surface with the element cover glass in the lens of the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure explaining the relationship between the focal distance of the lens in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment, and the thickness of an element cover glass. The figure which shows the 1st example of the image pick-up element in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 1st example of the image pick-up element in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 2nd example of the image pick-up element in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 2nd example of the image pick-up element in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 3rd example of the image pick-up element in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the 3rd example of the image pick-up element in the endoscope of 2nd Embodiment. Overall configuration diagram of an electronic endoscope system including a conventional endoscope Partial sectional view showing an example of a conventional endoscope end structure

  Hereinafter, embodiments that specifically disclose an endoscope according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, more detailed description than necessary may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of already well-known matters and repeated descriptions for substantially the same configuration may be omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily redundant and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. The accompanying drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

  First, a basic configuration example common to the endoscopes of the embodiments will be described first. The configuration example is a configuration requirement that can be provided in the endoscope according to the present invention. The endoscope according to the present invention does not exclude that the following configuration examples are provided overlapping each other.

(First embodiment)
<Example of basic configuration>
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram illustrating an example of an endoscope system using the endoscope of each embodiment. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the entire configuration of the endoscope system 13 including the endoscope 11 and the video processor 19.

  Note that the directions used in the description in the present specification are the same as those in each direction. Here, “upper” and “lower” correspond to the upper and lower sides of the video processor 19 placed on the horizontal plane, respectively, and “front (front)” and “rear” refer to the endoscope main body (hereinafter “endoscope 11”). Corresponds to the distal end side of the insertion portion 21 and the proximal end side of the plug portion 23 (in other words, the video processor 19 side).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the endoscope system 13 includes, for example, an endoscope 11 that is a medical flexible endoscope and a still image or a moving image obtained by photographing the inside of an observation target (for example, a blood vessel of a human body). On the other hand, it has a configuration including a video processor 19 for performing known image processing and the like. The endoscope 11 includes an insertion portion 21 that extends substantially in the front-rear direction and is inserted into the observation target, and a plug portion 23 to which the rear portion of the insertion portion 21 is connected.

  The video processor 19 has a socket portion 27 that opens to the front wall 25. The rear portion of the plug portion 23 of the endoscope 11 is inserted into the socket portion 27, whereby the endoscope 11 can send and receive power and various signals (video signals, control signals, etc.) to and from the video processor 19. It is.

  The electric power and various signals described above are guided from the plug portion 23 to the soft portion 29 via the transmission cable 31 (see FIG. 3 or FIG. 4) inserted into the soft portion 29. Image data output from the image sensor 33 provided at the distal end portion 15 is transmitted from the plug portion 23 to the video processor 19 via the transmission cable 31. The video processor 19 performs known image processing such as color correction and gradation correction on the image data transmitted from the plug unit 23, and outputs the image data after the image processing to a display device (not shown). The display device is a monitor device having a display device such as a liquid crystal display panel, for example, and displays an image of a subject imaged by the endoscope 11 (for example, image data indicating a state in a blood vessel of a person who is the subject).

  The insertion portion 21 has a flexible soft portion 29 whose rear end is connected to the plug portion 23, and a distal end portion 15 connected to the distal end of the soft portion 29. The flexible portion 29 has an appropriate length corresponding to various methods such as endoscopic examination and endoscopic surgery. The soft part 29 is configured by covering the outer periphery of a thin metal plate wound in a spiral shape with a net and further covering the outer periphery thereof, and is formed to have sufficient flexibility. The flexible part 29 connects between the tip part 15 and the plug part 23.

  The endoscopes 11 and 111 of each embodiment described below can be inserted into a narrow body cavity by being formed with a small diameter. The narrow body cavity is not limited to the blood vessels of the human body, and includes, for example, the ureter, pancreatic duct, bile duct, bronchiole and the like. That is, the endoscopes 11 and 111 can be inserted into blood vessels, ureters, pancreatic ducts, bile ducts, bronchioles, and the like of the human body. In other words, the endoscopes 11 and 111 can be used for observing lesions in blood vessels. The endoscopes 11 and 111 are effective in identifying atherosclerotic plaques. Further, the present invention can be applied to observation with an endoscope at the time of cardiac catheter examination. Furthermore, the endoscopes 11 and 111 are also effective in detecting thrombus and arteriosclerotic yellow plaque. In arteriosclerotic lesions, color tone (white, light yellow, yellow) and surface (smooth, irregular) are observed. In the thrombus, a color tone (red, white, dark red, yellow, brown, mixed color) is observed.

  Further, the endoscopes 11 and 111 can be used for diagnosis and treatment of renal pelvis / ureter cancer and idiopathic renal bleeding. In this case, the endoscopes 11 and 111 can be inserted into the bladder from the urethra and further advanced into the ureter to observe the inside of the ureter and the renal pelvis.

  In addition, the endoscopes 11 and 111 can be inserted into the papilla that opens to the duodenum. Bile is made from the liver and passes through the bile duct, and pancreatic juice is made from the pancreas and passes through the pancreatic duct and drains from the papilla in the duodenum. The endoscopes 11 and 111 can be inserted from a pharter papilla, which is an opening of the bile duct and pancreatic duct, to enable observation of the bile duct or pancreatic duct.

  Furthermore, the endoscopes 11 and 111 can be inserted into the bronchus. The endoscopes 11 and 111 are inserted from the oral cavity or nasal cavity of a specimen (that is, a patient) in a supine position. The endoscopes 11 and 111 pass through the pharynx and larynx and are inserted into the trachea while visually checking the vocal cords. The bronchi get thinner every time they branch. For example, according to the endoscopes 11 and 111 having the maximum outer diameter Dmax of less than 2 mm, the lumen can be confirmed up to the sub-region bronchus.

  Next, various configuration examples included in the endoscope according to the first embodiment will be described. The endoscope 11 of the first embodiment can have each configuration from the first configuration example to the seventeenth configuration example.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the distal end portion 15 of the endoscope 11 according to the first embodiment is viewed from the front side. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the distal end portion 15 of the endoscope 11 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a configuration in which the bonding resin 37 is filled in the separation portion 47 of the endoscope 11 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the imaging element 33 in which the transmission cable 31 is connected to the conductor connection portion 49 of the endoscope 11 according to the first embodiment is viewed from the rear side.

  2, the configuration of the distal end portion 15 of the endoscope 11 shown in FIG. 1 is shown in a perspective view. 3, the structure of the front-end | tip part 15 shown in FIG. 2 is shown with sectional drawing. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration in which the mold resin 17 is removed from the distal end portion 15 shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration in which the image sensor 33 shown in FIG. 4 is viewed from the side opposite to the lens unit 35.

<First configuration example>
The endoscope 11 of the first configuration example includes a lens unit 35 that accommodates a lens in a lens support member 39, an image sensor 33 whose imaging surface is covered by an element cover glass 43, and the optical axis of the lens at the center of the imaging surface. An adhesive resin 37 for fixing the matched lens unit 35 and the element cover glass 43, and each of the four conductor connecting portions 49 provided on the surface opposite to the imaging surface (that is, the rear side) of the imaging device 33. A transmission cable 31 having four electric wires 45 connected to each other.

  The lens support member 39 is formed by being sandwiched between a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) lenses L1 to L3, and the lenses L1 and L2 formed of an optical material (for example, glass, resin, etc.). The stop 51 is incorporated in a state of being close to each other in the direction of the optical axis. The diaphragm 51 is provided for adjusting the amount of light incident on the lens L2 or the lens 93, and only light that has passed through the diaphragm 51 can enter the lens L2 or the lens 93. Note that the proximity means that the lens is slightly separated in order to avoid damage due to contact between the lenses. The lenses L1 to L3 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the lens support member 39 with an adhesive over the entire circumference.

  In the following description, the term “adhesive” does not have a strict meaning of a substance used for bonding the surfaces of solid objects, but is a substance that can be used to bond two objects or has been cured. When the adhesive has a high barrier property against gas and liquid, it is used in a broad sense as a substance having a function as a sealing material.

  The front end of the lens support member 39 is sealed (sealed) by the lens L1 and the rear end of the lens support member 39 is sealed by the lens L3, so that air or moisture does not enter the lens support member 39. . Therefore, air or the like cannot escape from one end of the lens support member 39 to the other end. In the following description, the lenses L1 to L3 are collectively referred to as an optical lens group LNZ.

  As a metal material constituting the lens support member 39, for example, nickel is used. Nickel has a relatively high rigidity and high corrosion resistance, and is suitable as a material constituting the tip portion 15. Further, around the lens support member 39 before the examination or before the operation, the nickel constituting the lens support member 39 is not directly exposed from the distal end portion 15 during the examination using the endoscope 11 or during the operation. It is preferable that the resin is uniformly coated with the mold resin 17 and the tip portion 15 is provided with a biocompatible coating. Instead of nickel, for example, a copper nickel alloy may be used. The copper nickel alloy also has high corrosion resistance and is suitable as a material constituting the tip portion 15. Moreover, as a metal material which comprises the lens support member 39, Preferably, the material which can be manufactured by electroforming (electroplating) is selected. Here, the reason why electroforming is used is that the dimensional accuracy of a member manufactured by electroforming is extremely high, less than 1 μm (so-called submicron accuracy), and the variation when a large number of members are manufactured is small. Further, as the metal material constituting the lens support member 39, stainless steel (for example, SUS316) may be used. Stainless steel (also referred to as a SUS tube) has high biocompatibility and is considered suitable as an endoscope that is inserted into a small-diameter site such as a blood vessel of a human body. The lens support member 39 is an extremely small member, and an error in the inner and outer diameter dimensions affects the optical performance of the endoscope 11 (that is, the image quality of the captured image). By configuring the lens support member 39 with, for example, a nickel electroformed tube, it is possible to obtain the endoscope 11 capable of capturing a high-quality image while ensuring high dimensional accuracy despite a small diameter.

  The lens support member 39 may be a sheet material or the like other than metal. The lens support member 39 only needs to achieve positioning when aligning the optical axes of the lenses of the lens unit 35. When the lens unit 35 is covered with the mold resin 17, the relative positions of the lenses are fixed. For this reason, the lens support member 39 can be made of a material that has a lower strength, a smaller thickness, and a lighter weight than a conventional barrel used to support a plurality of lenses. Thereby, it becomes possible to contribute to the diameter reduction of the front-end | tip part 15 in the endoscope 11. FIG. The lens support member 39 does not exclude the use of a metal barrel similar to the conventional one.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the imaging device 33 is configured by, for example, a small CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) imaging device having a square shape when viewed from the front-rear direction. In the imaging element 33, light incident from the outside forms an image on the imaging surface 41 by the optical lens group LNZ in the lens support member 39. In the imaging device 33, the imaging surface 41 is covered with an element cover glass 43.

  The adhesive resin 37 is made of, for example, a UV / thermosetting resin. The adhesive resin 37 preferably has a light transmitting property and has a refractive index close to that of air. When a UV / thermosetting resin is used as the adhesive resin 37, the outer surface portion can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation, and the inside of the filled adhesive that cannot be irradiated with ultraviolet rays can be cured by heat treatment. The adhesive resin 37 fixes the lens unit 35 with the optical axis of the lens coincident with the center of the imaging surface 41 to the element cover glass 43. Thereby, the lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33 are directly bonded and fixed by the adhesive resin 37, that is, the lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33 are directly attached via the adhesive resin 37. The adhesive resin 37 is, for example, an adhesive that requires heat treatment in order to obtain final hardness, but cures to a certain degree of hardness even when irradiated with ultraviolet rays.

  In the endoscope 11, when the light exit surface of the lens facing the element cover glass 43 is a concave surface, the edge portion 55 that is an end surface of the ring around the lens is bonded to the element cover glass 43. At this time, the outer periphery of the lens and the outer periphery of the lens support member 39 may be simultaneously fixed by the adhesive resin 37. By bonding the edge portion 55 of the lens to the element cover glass 43, an air layer is provided between the lens and the imaging element 33. By providing an air layer between the lens and the image sensor 33, the optical performance of the lens can be improved. For example, the difference in refractive index of the emitted light from the lens to the air layer can be increased, and power for refracting light can be obtained. This facilitates optical design such as increasing the resolution and increasing the angle of view. As a result, the image quality of the image captured by the endoscope 11 is improved.

  Four conductor connection portions 49 are provided on the rear side of the image sensor 33. The conductor connection portion 49 can be formed by, for example, an LGA (Land grid array). The four conductor connection parts 49 are composed of a pair of power connection parts and a pair of signal connection parts. The four conductor connection portions 49 are electrically connected to the four electric wires 45 of the transmission cable 31. The transmission cable 31 includes a pair of power lines that are the electric wires 45 and a pair of signal lines that are the electric wires 45. That is, a pair of power lines of the transmission cable 31 are connected to the pair of power connection portions of the conductor connection portion 49. A pair of signal lines of the transmission cable 31 are connected to the pair of signal connection parts of the conductor connection part 49.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the first configuration example, the lens unit 35 and the imaging device 33 are fixed in a state where they are held at a predetermined distance by the adhesive resin 37. In the fixed lens unit 35 and the imaging device 33, the optical axis of the lens unit 35 and the center of the imaging surface 41 are aligned. In addition, the distance between the lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33 is aligned at a distance at which incident light from a subject passing through the lens unit 35 is focused on the imaging surface 41 of the image sensor 33. The lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33 are fixed after being aligned.

  A separation portion 47 (see FIG. 4) is formed between the fixed lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33. The shape of the separating portion 47 is determined by relatively aligning the lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33 and fixing them with an adhesive resin 37. That is, the separation portion 47 serves as an adjustment gap for alignment between the lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33. This adjustment gap does not disappear even when the adhesive resin 37 is filled. In the specific example of the dimensions described above, the adjustment is performed at least between about 30 μm and about 100 μm. The tolerance at this time is ± 20 μm. Therefore, the minimum adjustment gap in this case remains at 10 μm.

  In the endoscope 11, after the positioning of the lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33 is completed with the separation portion 47 serving as an adjustment gap, the separation portion 47 is used as a fixing space for the adhesive resin 37. Thereby, the lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33 can be directly fixed. Thereby, an interposing member such as a frame or a holder for fixing the lens unit 35 to the image sensor 33, which has been necessary in the past, is not necessary. Further, since the frame or the holder can be omitted, the number of parts is reduced and the fixing structure is simplified. As a result, the diameter of the distal end portion 15 of the endoscope 11 can be reduced, and even when a further miniaturization (for example, a reduction in the outer diameter of the insertion portion on the distal end side) is achieved, the minimum dimension is achieved. Can be configured. In addition, component costs can be reduced. Furthermore, since there are few intervening parts at the time of fixing the lens unit 35 and the image pick-up element 33, the work man-hour required for the operation | work concerning alignment and fixation can be reduced, and highly accurate position alignment becomes possible easily. In addition, the manufacturing cost can be reduced and the productivity can be improved.

  Further, according to the endoscope 11, the transmission cable 31 including the four electric wires 45 is connected to the image sensor 33. The endoscope 11 can achieve both size reduction and cost reduction by using the transmission cable 31 as the four electric wires 45. For example, the number of the electric wires 45 of the transmission cable 31 may be four or less (for example, three) because of the arrangement space of the conductor connecting portion 49 with respect to the rear portion on the back side of the image sensor 33. When the signal line of the book is abolished, the signal of the captured image or the control signal sent from the video processor 19 must be superimposed on the waveform of power passing through the power line. Then, a modulation circuit, a demodulation circuit, and the like are required for signal superposition, and the number of parts increases and the total cost increases. In addition, if a dedicated signal line is used for transmission and reception of various signals (signals of captured image images, control signals, etc.), the circuit configuration becomes easy, but it is disadvantageous for reducing the diameter of the endoscope. . On the other hand, when the number of the electric wires 45 of the transmission cable 31 is more than four (for example, five), the arrangement space of the individual conductor connection portions 49 with respect to the rear portion on the back surface side of the image sensor 33 is narrowed. When the endoscope 11 having a maximum outer diameter of 1.8 mm or less is manufactured, connection work by soldering becomes difficult, and manufacture of the endoscope 11 becomes difficult. As described above, in the endoscope 11, the transmission cable 31 has the four electric wires 45, so that a remarkable effect is achieved in achieving both miniaturization and cost reduction.

<Second configuration example>
In the endoscope 11 of the second configuration example, in the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment, the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 is a finite diameter corresponding to the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the substrate of the imaging element 33 that can be diced. It can be formed in a range of 1.8 mm.

  In the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment, one having a side dimension of 1.0 mm is used as the imaging element 33 having a square cross section in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. Thereby, the endoscope 11 has a diagonal dimension of the imaging element 33 of about 1.4 mm, and the maximum outer diameter Dmax is 1.8 mm or less if the light guide 57 (for example, φ150 μm) as illumination means is included. It becomes possible.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the second configuration example, when the maximum outer diameter Dmax is less than 1.8 mm, for example, insertion into a blood vessel of a human body can be easily performed.

<Third configuration example>
In the endoscope 11 of the third configuration example, as shown in FIG. 5, in the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment, the substrate of the image sensor 33 is formed in a square shape, and the four conductor connection portions 49 include the image sensor. Arranged along one side of 33 substrates. One conductor connection portion 49 is formed in a rectangular shape. The four conductor connecting portions 49 are arranged so that the long sides are parallel to each other and are separated from each other. These four conductor connection portions 49 are arranged at the center of the substrate of the image sensor 33. Accordingly, each conductor connecting portion 49 is separated from the peripheral edge of the substrate of the image sensor 33.

  In the transmission cable 31, the conductors of the power line and the signal line that are the electric wires 45 are covered with an insulating coating. The four electric wires 45 are arranged in two stages, two on the left and two on the upper and lower sides, and the outer periphery of the insulating coating is further bundled by a jacket to form one transmission cable 31. Each conductor has a bent portion 53 bent in a U shape along the longitudinal direction of the conductor connecting portion 49. The bent portion 53 of the electric wire 45 is formed in advance and is abutted against the conductor connecting portion 49. As for the electric wire 45, the front-end | tip of this bending part 53 is connected to the conductor connection part 49 with solder. The image sensor 33 and the transmission cable 31 are covered with the mold resin 17. Accordingly, the conductor connecting portion 49, the bent portion 53, the electric wire 45, and the outer jacket of the transmission cable 31 are embedded in the mold resin 17.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the third configuration example, the four conductor connection portions 49 can be arranged in parallel to the central portion of the substrate of the image sensor 33, so that the conductor connection portions 49 can be easily formed. Since the conductor of the electric wire 45 is connected to each of the four conductor connecting portions 49 separated in one direction by soldering, the connection work can be facilitated. Since the conductor connecting portion 49 is disposed at the center of the substrate of the image sensor 33, the bent portion 53 can be formed in the conductor. Since the bent portion 53 is embedded and fixed by the mold portion 65, it is possible to reduce the tension acting on the transmission cable 31 from acting on the joint portion between the conductor and the conductor connecting portion 49 (working as a strain relief). Thereby, the connection reliability of the electric wire 45 and the conductor connection part 49 can be improved.

<Fourth configuration example>
In the endoscope 11 of the fourth configuration example, illumination means is provided along the lens unit in the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment. That is, the endoscope 11 of the fourth configuration example includes a light guide 57 as an example of an illumination unit. Hereinafter, although the case where the illumination means is the light guide 57 will be described as an example, the illumination means may be an LED directly attached to the insertion tip surface of the tip portion 15. In this case, the light guide 57 is unnecessary.

  The light guide 57 includes a single optical fiber 59. For the optical fiber 59, for example, a plastic optical fiber (POF) is preferably used. The plastic optical fiber is made of plastics for both the core and the clad using silicon resin or acrylic resin as a material. The optical fiber 59 may be, for example, a bundle fiber (bundle fiber) in which a plurality of optical fiber strands are bundled and terminal fittings are attached to both ends thereof. The optical fiber 59 has a distal end at the distal end 15 serving as an emission end surface, and a proximal end connected to the ferrule of the plug portion 23. The light source is, for example, an LED provided in the socket portion 27 or the like. The endoscope 11 connects the plug portion 23 to the socket portion 27 so that light from the LED propagates through the optical fiber 59 of the light guide 57 and is emitted from the tip. According to this configuration, it is possible to configure a single optical fiber from the light source to the illumination light emission end, and it is possible to reduce light loss.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the fourth configuration example, by including the light guide 57, it is possible to use the endoscope 11 alone to perform imaging in a dark part.

<Fifth configuration example>
FIG. 6 is a front view illustrating an example of a tip portion representing an arrangement example of the light guide 57 as an example of an illumination unit. In the endoscope 11 of the fifth configuration example, a plurality of light guides 57 as an example of illumination means are provided in the circumferential direction of the lens unit 35 in the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment. Four light guides 57 can be provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the lens unit 35.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the fifth configuration example, the four light guides 57 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the lens unit 35, so that it is difficult for shadows to be generated on the top, bottom, left, and right of the subject. Thereby, the endoscope 11 can obtain a clear captured image as compared with a configuration with one light guide 57 or two configurations.

<Sixth configuration example>
In the endoscope 11 of the sixth configuration example, the imaging element 33 is formed in a square shape in the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment. The optical fibers 59 of the four light guides 57 are arranged at substantially the center of each side of the substrate of the image sensor 33 in a space between the substrate of the image sensor 33 and a circumscribed circle of the substrate of the image sensor 33. Yes.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the sixth configuration example, the space between the square imaging element 33 and the circular mold part 65 substantially circumscribing the imaging element 33 can be effectively used. A plurality (particularly four) of optical fibers 59 can be easily arranged without increasing the outer diameter. Thereby, the endoscope 11 can obtain a clear image while facilitating manufacture without increasing the outer diameter of the distal end portion 15.

<Seventh configuration example>
In the endoscope 11 of the seventh configuration example, at least a part of the lens unit, the imaging device, a part of the transmission cable, and a part of the illumination unit are fixed and covered with the mold resin in the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment. The mold part 65 made of the mold resin is made of a resin material containing an additive, and the light transmittance can be 10% or less.

  FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of the relationship between the thickness of the mold part 65 and the transmittance. FIG. 7 shows a measurement example of transmittance when carbon black is added as an additive to a mold resin material (epoxy resin). In FIG. 7, black circles and broken lines indicate the case where 5 wt% (wt%) of carbon black is added, and black diamonds and one-dot chain lines indicate the case where 1 wt% (wt%) of carbon black is added.

  When 5% by weight of carbon black is added, the light transmittance is about 0.5% even when the thickness is 30 μm or less without depending on the thickness of the mold part 65 (light shielding rate 99.5%). High shading performance can be obtained. When 1% by weight of carbon black is added, the transmittance increases as the thickness of the mold portion 65 decreases. In the case of addition of 1% by weight, the transmittance can be suppressed to 8.0% or less if the thickness of the mold part 65 is 30 μm or more. Therefore, the mold part 65 can fully satisfy | fill the conditions of the transmittance | permeability 10% or less by setting thickness T to 30 micrometers or more. For example, when the thickness of the mold part 65 is 50 μm or more, the transmittance becomes 4.5% or less when added by 1% by weight, and the transmittance becomes 0.5% or less when added by 5% by weight, so that light can be blocked more reliably.

  If the transmittance in the mold unit 65 is 10% or less, a good captured image with little influence of stray light can be obtained in the imaging unit including the lens unit 35 and the imaging element 33. If the transmittance of the mold part 65 is 6% or less, the influence of stray light can be sufficiently suppressed even if the sensitivity of the image sensor 33 is high. When the transmittance is higher than 10%, the effect of stray light is generated and there is a problem as a captured image.

  FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating an example of a captured image when there is stray light. FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of a captured image when there is no stray light. When stray light is generated as shown in FIG. 8A, whiteout due to stray light occurs, for example, in a ring shape in the captured image, and a clear image cannot be obtained. The imaging unit that is using the endoscope 11 needs to be in a state where stray light does not occur as shown in FIG.

  When an additive is added to the mold part 65, the light shielding performance is improved as the additive amount (content) is increased as in the example shown in FIG. 7, but the adhesive strength of the mold part 65 is decreased. There is a nature. Therefore, it is necessary to add an appropriate amount to the mold resin material according to the adhesive strength characteristics of the additive.

  FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of the relationship between the additive amount of the mold part 65 and the tensile strength. FIG. 9 shows an example of measurement of tensile strength when carbon black is added to the mold resin material (epoxy resin) as an additive. Here, the tensile strength corresponds to the adhesive strength of the mold part 65. As shown in FIG. 9, when the added amount is 1% by weight, the tensile strength decreases only by about 2.5%. When the addition amount is 5% by weight, the tensile strength is reduced by about 12%. If the tensile strength is reduced by about 20%, sufficient adhesive strength as a mold member may not be obtained. Therefore, when carbon black is added, the amount added is preferably 5% by weight or less.

  Further, when a conductive material such as carbon black is used as an additive, the electrical resistance decreases as the amount added increases, and conductivity is added.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the additive amount in the mold portion 65, the resistance value, and the light shielding rate. FIG. 10 shows a measurement example of the resistance value and the light shielding rate when carbon black is added as an additive to the mold resin material (epoxy resin). As the addition amount of carbon black, three cases of no addition (0 wt% addition), 1 wt% addition, and 5 wt% addition were measured. The light blocking ratio is an example when the thickness of the mold part 65 is 50 μm. In the case of no addition, the resistance value is 1.8 to 5.0 × 10 ¹³ . When 1% by weight is added, the resistance value is 2.5 to 3.0 × 10 ¹³ , and the light shielding ratio is 95% or more. When 5% by weight is added, the resistance value is 3.5 to 5.0 × 10 ^10. The light shielding rate is 99% or more. In the case of addition of 5% by weight, the electric resistance value is reduced by 1000 times or more compared to the case of addition of 1% by weight. For this reason, it is necessary to add an appropriate amount to the mold resin material in accordance with the conductive characteristics of the additive and the insulating characteristics required for the internal components (electronic circuit or the like) to be sealed.

  When the electrical resistance in the mold part 65 is small, a leakage current or the like may occur in the conductor connection part 49 and the transmission cable 31 connected to the imaging element 33, and the electrical characteristics around the signal processing part of the imaging unit may deteriorate. On the other hand, by providing appropriate conductivity in the mold unit 65, when static electricity is generated in the imaging unit, the impact of electrostatic discharge can be reduced, an excessive current to the imaging device 33 can be suppressed, and the static electricity of the imaging device 33 can be suppressed. Electric breakdown can be suppressed. That is, it is possible to take surge countermeasures for the imaging unit.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the seventh configuration example, by adding the additive to the resin material (mold resin 17) of the mold part 65, the light transmittance in the mold part 65 is reduced to 10% or less. In addition, the thickness of the mold part 65 can be reduced. As a result, the imaging unit of the endoscope 11 can be reduced in size while having sufficient light shielding characteristics.

<Eighth configuration example>
As shown in FIG. 3, the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example includes a lens unit 35 that accommodates a lens in a lens support member 39 and an imaging surface 41 that is an element cover glass 43 in the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment. An image pickup element 33 covered with the lens, an adhesive resin 37 for fixing the element cover glass 43 to the lens unit 35 in which the optical axis of the lens coincides with the center of the image pickup surface 41, and an image pickup element capable of dicing the maximum outer diameter Dmax. A mold for covering and fixing at least a part of the lens unit 35 and the image sensor 33 with a mold resin 17, the tip 15 formed in a range of a finite diameter corresponding to the diameter of a circumscribed circle of 33 substrates, and 1.8 mm. And a tubular sheath 61 that is formed to have the same outer diameter as that of the distal end portion 15 and is connected to cover at least a part of the mold portion 65.

  In the following description, the same reference numerals are given to the same members or configurations, and the description is simplified or omitted. Further, in the description of the endoscope 11 (see FIG. 3) of the eighth configuration example, the description will be made while appropriately comparing with the endoscope 11 (see FIG. 11) of the tenth configuration example.

  The sheath 61 is made of a flexible resin material. The sheath 61 can be provided with a single wire, a plurality of wires, and a braided tensile strength wire on the inner peripheral side for the purpose of imparting strength. Tensile wires include aramid fibers such as poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers, polyarylate fibers, polyparaphenylene benzbisoxazole fibers, polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fibers, nylon fibers, tungsten fine wires, or stainless steel An example is a thin line.

  In the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example, as in the endoscope 11 (see FIG. 11) of the tenth configuration example described later, the entire image sensor 33 and at least a part of the lens unit 35 on the image sensor 33 side are provided. A part of the transmission cable 31 and a part of the light guide 57 are covered and fixed by the mold resin 17. “At least” is a concept including that the mold resin 17 covers the entire outer periphery of the lens support member 39. The mold resin 17 covers the imaging element 33 and the lens unit 35, thereby continuously covering the separation portion 47 therebetween. An X-ray impermeable marker may be included in the distal end portion 15 of the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example. Thereby, the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example can easily confirm the tip position under fluoroscopy.

  In addition, the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example includes a distal end flange portion 63 at the distal end portion 15, similarly to the endoscope 11 (see FIG. 11) of the tenth configuration example described later. The tip flange portion 63 can be formed of, for example, stainless steel. The distal end flange portion 63 is formed in a cylindrical shape in which a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion are continuous from the distal end side. The outer diameter of the large-diameter portion of the tip flange portion 63 is formed with a maximum outer diameter Dmax (1.8 mm), and insertion holes (not shown) for inserting four optical fibers 59 are inserted in the large-diameter portion. Each optical fiber 59 is inserted through the insertion hole. The small-diameter portion is provided with an insertion hole (not shown) for inserting the lens unit 35, and the lens unit 35 is inserted from the insertion hole. The tip flange portion 63 holds the lens unit 35 coaxially. A fiber holding hole 67 for holding the tip end side of the optical fiber 59 is formed in the large diameter portion of the tip flange portion 63 outside the small diameter portion. Four fiber holding holes 67 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The optical fiber 59 having the distal end inserted into the fiber holding hole 67 is led backward along the small diameter portion.

  In the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example, the optical fiber 59 behind the distal end flange portion 63 is disposed inside the cover tube 69 (see FIG. 3). The cover tube 69 is formed with the same outer diameter as the tip flange portion 63. The cover tube 69 is made of metal, resin, or the like. The cover tube 69 has a total length such that the front end abuts on the large diameter portion of the front flange portion 63 and at least the rear end reaches the transmission cable 31. Inside the cover tube 69 is filled with mold resin 17. That is, in the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example, the mold part 65 is covered with the cover tube 69. In the endoscope 11 of the tenth configuration example to be described later, the cover tube 69 is omitted, and the distal end of the sheath 61 abuts on the rear end of the distal end flange portion 63 and is bonded with an adhesive or the like (FIG. 11). Except for reference, the configuration is the same as that of the endoscope 11 of the first configuration example.

  The mold portion 65 filled in the cover tube 69 has a small-diameter extending portion 71 (see FIG. 3) that extends rearward from the rear end of the cover tube 69. The small-diameter extending portion 71 is formed in a cylindrical shape and has four optical fibers 59 embedded therein. The small diameter extending portion 71 has the transmission cable 31 embedded inside the four optical fibers 59. An inner diameter side of the sheath 61 is fixed to the outer periphery of the small diameter extending portion 71 with an adhesive or the like. That is, in the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example shown in FIG. 3, the distal end flange portion 63, the cover tube 69, and the sheath 61 are connected with a coaxial maximum outer diameter Dmax of 1.8 mm. In the endoscope 11 of the tenth configuration example shown in FIG. 11, the distal end flange portion 63 and the sheath 61 are connected with a coaxial maximum outer diameter Dmax of 1.8 mm.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example and the tenth configuration example, at least a part of the lens unit 35, a part of the imaging element 33 and the transmission cable 31 are covered and fixed by the mold resin 17. Therefore, there are few intervening parts at the time of fixing the lens unit 35 and the image pick-up element 33. FIG. Thereby, the diameter of the distal end portion 15 of the endoscope 11 can be reduced, and even when the diameter is further reduced, it can be configured with a minimum size. In addition, component costs can be reduced. For example, it is possible to realize the endoscope 11 that can be applied so as to be capable of imaging a diseased part having a very small diameter such as a blood vessel of a human body. As a result, the endoscope 11 can be reduced in size and cost.

  In addition, the mold resin 17 is continuously formed over the imaging element 33 and the lens unit 35, thereby contributing to an increase in fixing strength between the imaging element 33 and the lens unit 35. The mold resin 17 also improves the air tightness (that is, there are few fine gaps), water tightness, and light shielding properties of the separation portion 47. Furthermore, the mold resin 17 also improves the light shielding property when the optical fiber 59 for the light guide 57 is embedded.

  In the endoscope 11, the light guide 57 is molded on the distal end portion 15 with the molding resin 17, so that the light guide 57 acts as a structural material, and even in the small-diameter endoscope 11, the flexible portion 29 and the distal end are formed. The connection strength with the part 15 can be improved. Further, in the endoscope 11, when the distal end portion 15 is viewed from the outermost surface on the insertion side of the distal end flange portion 63 (see FIG. 6), an insertion hole (not-fitted) of the lens unit 35 provided in the distal end flange portion 63 in advance. Between the four fiber holding holes 67 provided in advance corresponding to the optical fibers 59 in the distal end flange portion 63 and the optical fibers 59, respectively. Filled by. For this reason, in the endoscope 11, there are no gaps between the insertion holes and the fiber holding holes 67 and the members (that is, the lens support member 39 and the optical fiber 59). Further, in the endoscope 11, the tip flange portion 63 and the cover tube 69, the cover tube 69 and the sheath 61, or the tip flange portion 63 and the sheath 61 are respectively bonded by the adhesive resin 37. , There is no gap between them. Therefore, when the endoscope 11 is sterilized after being used in an examination or surgery (that is, washed), a cleaning residue such as unnecessary liquid may adhere to the endoscope 11. It can be reduced and can have a high degree of convenience in terms of hygiene when used for the next examination or operation.

  Further, in the conventional endoscope 533 shown in Patent Document 2, the axis of the tip portion and the optical axis of the lens unit 547 are eccentric. For this reason, the distance to the subject is easily changed depending on the rotation angle of the tip, and it is difficult to stably obtain a good image. Furthermore, if the axis of the tip and the optical axis of the lens unit 547 are eccentric, the degree of interference between the inner wall of the tube and the tip changes depending on the rotation angle of the tip, especially when entering a hole with a small diameter. Sex is reduced. On the other hand, according to the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example, the distal end flange portion 63, the cover tube 69, and the sheath 61 are coaxially connected, and according to the endoscope 11 of the tenth configuration example, the distal end flange Since the part 63 and the sheath 61 are coaxially connected, it is easy to reduce the diameter of both, and a good image can be stably obtained, and the insertion operability can be improved.

<Ninth configuration example>
In the endoscope 11 of the ninth configuration example, the thickness of the sheath 61 can be in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mm in the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment. The thickness of the sheath 61 coincides with the step size at the step portion between the cover tube 69 and the small diameter extending portion 71. The small-diameter extending portion 71 is a portion that protrudes to the opposite side of the lens unit 35 with the image sensor 33 interposed therebetween. That is, the small-diameter extending portion 71 has only one transmission cable 31 arranged at the center and only four optical fibers 59 arranged outside thereof. Therefore, the diameter of the small diameter extending portion 71 can be easily reduced compared to the portion of the mold portion 65 in which the image sensor 33 is embedded. That is, since the outer diameter of the sheath 61 is the same as that of the cover tube 69, the degree of freedom in designing the wall thickness is improved.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the ninth configuration example, since the thickness of the sheath 61 can be increased to 0.3 mm, it is easy to increase the tensile strength of the sheath 61.

<10th configuration example>
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a configuration in which a thin sheath is connected to a distal end portion.

  In the endoscope 11 of the tenth configuration example, the thickness of the sheath 61 can be 0.1 mm in the endoscope 11 of the present embodiment. When the thickness of the sheath 61 is 0.1 mm, the endoscope 11 can dispense with the cover tube 69 described in the endoscope 11 of the eighth configuration example. That is, in the endoscope 11 of the tenth configuration example, the imaging element 33 and the lens unit 35 are embedded by setting the sheath 61 to a thickness (0.1 mm) substantially equal to the thickness of the cover tube 69. It is possible to cover the part 65 of the mold. In the endoscope 11 of the tenth configuration example, the distal end of the sheath 61 comes into contact with the rear end surface of the distal end flange portion 63 and is fixed by an adhesive or the like. The sheath 61 can compensate for the decrease in tensile strength caused by the thinning by the above-described tensile strength line or the like.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 11 of the tenth configuration example, the cover tube 69 can be omitted and the sheath 61 can be directly connected to the distal flange portion 63, so that the number of parts can be reduced.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, the endoscope 111 according to the second embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the distal end portion of the endoscope 111 according to the second embodiment is viewed from the front side. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of the distal end portion of the endoscope 111 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example in a state in which a lens and an image sensor in the endoscope 111 according to the second embodiment are directly attached via an adhesive resin. FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an imaging device in which a transmission cable is connected to a conductor connection portion of an endoscope according to the second embodiment when viewed from the side opposite to a lens unit. In the second embodiment, the same members as those described in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

<Eleventh configuration example>
The endoscope 111 shown in FIG. 12 has a maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 shown in FIG. 13 formed in a range from a finite diameter to 1.0 mm corresponding to the diameter of a circumscribed circle of the substrate of the image sensor 33 that can be diced. can do.

  In the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the one having a side dimension of 0.5 mm or less is used as the imaging element 33 having a square cross section in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis. Thus, the endoscope 111 has a diagonal dimension of the imaging element 33 of about 0.7 mm, and includes a light guide 57 (for example, φ50 μm) as an illuminating unit, and has a maximum outer diameter Dmax of 1.0 mm or less. It becomes possible.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 111 of the eleventh configuration example, by setting the maximum outer diameter Dmax to be less than 1.0 mm, for example, insertion into a blood vessel of a human body can be further facilitated.

<Twelfth configuration example>
In the endoscope 111 of the twelfth configuration example, in the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15, the substrate of the image sensor 33 is formed in a square shape, and the conductor connection portion 49 is formed of the image sensor 33. Arranged at the four corners of the substrate. One conductor connection portion 49 is formed in a circular shape, for example. The four conductor connecting portions 49 are arranged at the four corners of the square, so that the four conductor connecting portions 49 can be arranged at a maximum distance from each other.

  In the transmission cable 31, the conductors of the power line and the signal line that are the electric wires 45 are covered with an insulating coating. The four electric wires 45 are arranged in two stages, two on the left and two on the upper and lower sides, and the outer periphery of the insulating coating is further bundled by a jacket to form one transmission cable 31. Each conductor is formed into four parallel straight lines with the insulation coating removed. The end of the conductor of the electric wire 45 is connected to the conductor connecting portion 49 by solder. The image sensor 33 and the transmission cable 31 are covered with the mold resin 17 as shown in FIG. Therefore, the conductor connecting portion 49, the conductor, the insulation coating of the electric wire 45, and the outer jacket of the transmission cable 31 are embedded in the mold resin 17.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 111 of the twelfth configuration example, the four conductor connection portions 49 can be arranged at the four corners of the substrate of the image sensor 33, so the four conductor connection portions 49 are arranged on the square image sensor 33. As shown in FIG. 15, the substrates can be arranged so as to be evenly spaced from each other at the maximum distance. Thereby, two adjacent conductor connection portions 49 are not connected by solder in the soldering process, and it is easy to secure an insulation distance, and the diameter of the tip portion 15 can be easily reduced. . In the endoscope 11 of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15, four conductor connection portions 49 may be arranged at the four corners of the substrate of the image sensor 33.

<Thirteenth configuration example>
As shown in FIG. 14, the endoscope 111 of the thirteenth configuration example includes an objective cover glass 91, an element cover glass 43, an imaging element 33 in which the imaging surface 41 is covered by the element cover glass 43, and an objective cover glass 91. And the element cover glass 43, the lens 93 having the optical axis coincident with the center of the imaging surface 41, the diaphragm 51 provided between the objective cover glass 91 and the lens 93, the lens 93 and the element cover glass. And an adhesive resin 37 for fixing the lens 43, and an air layer 95 provided between the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43.

  In the endoscope 11 of the first embodiment, the adhesive resin 37 is applied to the separation portion 47 having a finite width between the final lens L3 and the element cover glass 43 among the three lenses. The lens L3 and the element cover glass 43 are directly attached. On the other hand, in the endoscope 111 of the second embodiment, the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 are directly attached via the adhesive resin 37. As a result, in the endoscope 111, the adhesive resin 37 is substantially linear in a side view (see FIG. 15). In the endoscope 111 of the second embodiment, the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 are directly attached to the edge portions on both ends of the lens 93 by the adhesive resin 37. It is applied only to the part.

  The lens 93 is, for example, a single lens, and has an outer shape formed in the same prismatic shape as that of the image sensor 33 and has a square cross section in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis. The lens 93 focuses incident light from the subject that has passed through the objective cover glass 91 on the imaging surface 41 of the imaging element 33 via the element cover glass 43. A concave portion is formed on the surface of the lens 93 on the element cover glass 43 side. On the bottom surface of the concave portion, a convex curved surface portion 97 protruding in a substantially spherical shape is formed. The lens 93 has a function as an optical element that focuses light by the convex curved surface portion 97. The protruding tip of the convex curved surface portion 97 is slightly separated from the element cover glass 43. On the other hand, the lens 93 is bonded to the element cover glass 43 through a bonding resin 37 at a square annular end surface surrounding the recess. As a result, air is sealed in the recess between the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43. It is preferable that the air enclosed in the recessed part which became this sealed space is dry air. Moreover, nitrogen may be enclosed in the recess. As described above, an air layer 95 having a concave portion as an internal volume is formed between the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43. A convex curved surface portion 97 is disposed in the air layer 95. That is, in the lens 93, the light exit surface of the convex curved surface portion 97 is in contact with air.

  In the endoscope 111 having a maximum outer diameter Dmax of 1.0 mm, whether or not the number of lenses can be reduced is an important requirement for reducing the diameter. Therefore, in the case where the lens 93 that is a single lens is provided in the endoscope 111, it is important how the refractive index difference is given to the lens 93 in a minute region in the width direction parallel to the optical axis direction. The endoscope 111 of the thirteenth configuration example is characterized in that an air layer capable of obtaining a large refractive index difference with the lens 93 is provided on the optical element surface.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 111 of the thirteenth configuration example, the concave portion is formed in the lens 93, the convex curved surface portion 97 is formed on the bottom surface, and the square annular end surface is bonded to the element cover glass 43. An air layer 95 for increasing the difference in refractive index from the lens 93 can be secured in such a region. At the same time, the lens 93 can easily align the optical axis with the imaging surface 41. Since the lens 93 can secure the air layer 95, it is possible to obtain a large lens power with the lens 93. As a result, the number of lenses in the endoscope 111 can be reduced to one. As a result, the endoscope 111 can be reduced in size and cost.

<Fourteenth configuration example>
FIG. 16 is a side view showing an example of dimensions of the objective cover glass, the lens, and the element cover glass. In the endoscope 111 of the fourteenth configuration example, the thickness TGt in the direction along the optical axis of the objective cover glass 91, the thickness SRt of the lens 93, and the thickness SGt of the element cover glass 43 in the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment are the same. Both are formed in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The objective cover glass 91, the lens 93, the element cover glass 43, and the imaging element 33 are squares having a length SQL of 0.5 mm on one side of a square in a cross section perpendicular to the optical axis direction. In addition, the image sensor 33 shown in FIGS. 13 to 16 depicts the electric circuit 99 with a thickness added. In addition, a bonding resin 37 for bonding the element cover glass 43 and the imaging element 33 is drawn with a thickness.

  The element cover glass 43 has a function of maintaining the distance between the lens 93 and the imaging surface 41 in accordance with the focal length and optical characteristics of the lens 93. The element cover glass 43 can be adjusted easily by setting the thickness SGt to a range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.

  When the lens 93 has a thickness SRt in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, the function as an optical element and the air layer 95 can be secured.

  The objective cover glass 91 can be used alone without using other reinforcing members by setting the thickness TGt to a range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. In addition, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the angle of view due to the kicking of the light beam due to an increase in thickness more than necessary.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 111 of the fourteenth configuration example, the lens 93 and the image sensor 33 are held at an appropriate distance, the air layer 95 is easily secured, and the reduction in the angle of view is suppressed. The enlargement of the dimension in the direction along the optical axis from the cover glass 91 to the image sensor 33 can be suppressed.

<Fifteenth configuration example>
As shown in FIG. 13, the endoscope 111 of the fifteenth configuration example includes an outer peripheral surface excluding the objective surface of the objective cover glass 91, an outer peripheral surface of the lens 93, and the imaging element 33 in the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment. Covered and fixed by the mold resin 17 and forming the outer shell of the tip portion 15 and exposed to the outside, and formed at the same outer diameter as the tip portion 15 and covering at least a part of the mold portion 65 And a tubular sheath 61 to be connected.

  The sheath 61 is made of a flexible resin material as described above. The sheath 61 can be provided with a single wire, a plurality of wires, and a braided tensile strength wire on the inner peripheral side for the purpose of imparting strength as described above. The material of the tensile strength wire is the same as described above.

  The endoscope 111 is fixed by covering the objective cover glass 91, the lens 93, the element cover glass 43, the entire imaging device 33, a part of the transmission cable 31, and a part of the light guide 57 with the mold resin 17. The mold resin 17 is exposed to the outside. Note that a radiopaque marker may be included in the distal end portion 15 of the endoscope 111. Thereby, the endoscope 111 can easily confirm the tip position under fluoroscopy.

  The endoscope 111 is fixed by covering the objective cover glass 91, the lens 93, the element cover glass 43, the imaging device 33, a part of the transmission cable 31, and a part of the light guide 57 (imaging unit) with the molding resin 17. Therefore, there are few intervening parts at the time of fixing each of these members. As a result, the diameter of the distal end portion 15 of the endoscope 111 can be reduced, and even when the diameter is further reduced, it can be configured with a minimum size. In addition, component costs can be reduced. For example, it is possible to realize the endoscope 111 that can be applied so as to be capable of imaging a diseased part having a very small diameter such as a blood vessel of a human body. As a result, the endoscope 11 can be reduced in size and cost.

  Further, since the mold resin 17 is formed so as to cover the imaging element 33 to the objective cover glass 91, it contributes to an increase in the fixing strength of these imaging units. The mold resin 17 also improves the airtightness of the air layer 95 (that is, no fine gaps), watertightness, and light shielding properties. Furthermore, the mold resin 17 also improves the light shielding property when the optical fiber 59 for the light guide 57 is embedded.

  In the endoscope 111, the light guide 57 is molded on the distal end portion 15 with the molding resin 17, so that the light guide 57 acts as a structural material, and even in the small diameter endoscope 111, the flexible portion 29 and the distal end are formed. The connection strength with the part 15 can be improved. In the endoscope 111, when the distal end portion 15 is viewed from the outermost surface on the insertion side (for example, see FIG. 12), the mold resin 17 covers the objective cover glass 91 of the distal end portion 15 and the four optical fibers 59. Therefore, there is no clearance around the objective cover glass 91 and the four optical fibers 59 (that is, gaps between the respective surroundings). Therefore, when the endoscope 111 is sterilized after being used in an examination or surgery (that is, washed), a cleaning residue such as an unnecessary liquid may adhere to the endoscope 111. Compared with the endoscope 11 of the first embodiment, the degree of hygiene can be further enhanced in terms of hygiene when used for the next examination or operation.

  Further, in the conventional endoscope 533 shown in Patent Document 2, the axis of the tip portion and the optical axis of the lens unit 547 are eccentric. For this reason, the distance to the subject is easily changed depending on the rotation angle of the tip, and it is difficult to stably obtain a good image. Furthermore, if the axis of the tip and the optical axis of the lens unit 547 are eccentric, the degree of interference between the inner wall of the tube and the tip changes depending on the rotation angle of the tip, especially when entering a hole with a small diameter. Sex is reduced. On the other hand, according to the endoscope 111, the objective cover glass 91, the lens 93, the element cover glass 43, and the imaging element 33 are coaxially connected. That is, the objective cover glass 91 is disposed concentrically with the tip portion 15. As a result, the endoscope 111 of the fifteenth configuration example can be easily reduced in diameter, can stably obtain a good image, and can improve insertion operability.

<16th configuration example>
In the endoscope 111 of the sixteenth configuration example, the thickness of the sheath 61 is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

  The mold part 65 of the endoscope 111 has a small-diameter extending part 71 shown in FIG. 13 that extends backward from the rear end that covers the imaging element 33. The small-diameter extending portion 71 is formed in a cylindrical shape and has four optical fibers 59 embedded therein. The small-diameter extending portion 71 has the transmission cable 31 embedded inside the four optical fibers 59. An inner diameter side of the sheath 61 is fixed to the outer periphery of the small diameter extending portion 71 with an adhesive or the like. That is, the mold part 65 and the sheath 61 are continuous with a coaxial maximum outer diameter Dmax of 1.0 mm.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 111 of the sixteenth configuration example, the thickness of the sheath 61 can be increased to 0.3 mm, so that the tensile strength of the sheath 61 can be easily increased. The minimum outer diameter of the transmission cable 31 is currently about 0.54 mm. When the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 is 1.0 mm, the thickness of the sheath 61 is 0.23 mm. Thereby, the endoscope 111 enables the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 to be 1.0 mm by setting the thickness of the sheath 61 in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mm. be able to.

<17th configuration example>
The seventeenth configuration example shows a configuration example of a lens shape as a specific example of the configuration of the lens 93 in the endoscope 111. 17A, 17B, and 17C are diagrams illustrating a first example of a lens shape.

  The lens 93A of the first example is configured by a single lens in which the first surface LR1 on the subject side is a flat surface and the second surface LR2 on the imaging side has a convex surface. On the image pickup side of the lens 93A, an optical element portion 201 having a circular dome-shaped convex curved surface portion 97 that forms a substantially spherical surface and forms a lens surface of the convex second surface LR2 is formed at the center portion, and a peripheral portion The edge portion 202 is integrally formed as a frame body having an adhesive surface 203 having a flat end surface. The edge portion 202 has a dimension in the thickness direction (optical axis direction) larger than the center portion of the convex curved surface portion 97 of the optical element portion 201, and the bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202 has a shape protruding from the convex curved surface portion 97. The adhesive resin 37 is attached to the adhesive surface 203 and is fixed to the element cover glass 43. The bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202 has a substantially square shape in which the outer peripheral portion has a square shape and the inner peripheral portion has a rounded square shape, and the four sides excluding the corner portions have substantially equal widths. In the bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202, the bonding width Wa of the equal width portions on the four sides is, for example, 50 μm or more. On the inner side of the edge portion 202, an air layer 95 is formed between the convex curved surface portion 97 serving as a lens surface of the second surface LR2 and the element cover glass 43.

  The dimension (thickness SRt) in the thickness direction of the lens 93 is, for example, 100 μm to 500 μm. In the illustrated example, the thickness TE of the edge portion 202 is 200 μm, and the thickness TL to the first surface LR1 in the outer peripheral portion of the convex curved surface portion 97 (second surface LR2) of the optical element portion 201 is 110 μm to 120 μm. Further, an inclined surface 204 that extends from the center of the lens toward the outer periphery is provided from the outer peripheral portion of the convex curved surface portion 97 of the optical element portion 201 to the inner peripheral portion of the adhesive surface 203 of the edge portion 202. The angle θA of the inclined surface 204 is, for example, θA = 60 ° when the opening angle θA is viewed from the lens center.

  18A, 18B, and 18C are diagrams illustrating a second example of the lens shape. The lens 93B of the second example has an optical element having a circular dome-shaped convex curved surface portion 97 that is raised in a substantially spherical shape and that forms a lens surface of the convex second surface LR2 on the imaging side of the lens 93B. A portion 201 is formed, and an edge portion 202 which is a frame body having an adhesive surface 203 having a flat end surface is integrally formed in the peripheral portion. Here, the description will focus on the configuration of the portion different from the first example, and the description of the same portion as the first example will be omitted. The bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202 has a circular shape which is concentric with the convex curved surface portion 97 whose outer peripheral portion is square and whose inner peripheral portion is a circular dome shape. The bonding width Wa of the minimum portion is, for example, 50 μm. Yes. Further, the width Wc of the flat surface portion 205 formed on the outer peripheral portion of the convex curved surface portion 97 (second surface LR2) of the optical element portion 201 is, for example, 13 μm. Further, an inclined surface 204 that extends from the center of the lens toward the outer periphery is provided from the flat surface portion 205 of the outer peripheral portion of the optical element portion 201 to the inner peripheral portion of the bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202. The angle θA of the inclined surface 204 is, for example, θA = 60 ° when the opening angle θA is viewed from the lens center.

  19A, 19B, 19C, and 19D are diagrams illustrating a third example of the lens shape. The lens 93C of the third example has an optical element having a circular dome-shaped convex curved surface portion 97 that protrudes in a substantially spherical shape and forms a lens surface of the convex second surface LR2 on the imaging side of the lens 93C. A portion 201 is formed, and an edge portion 202 which is a frame body having an adhesive surface 203 having a flat end surface is integrally formed in the peripheral portion. Here, the description will focus on the configuration of the portion different from the first example, and the description of the same portion as the first example will be omitted. The optical element portion 201 in the central portion has a barrel shape in which the four portions 206 on the circumference corresponding to the four sides of the square of the outer shape of the lens are partly cut off at the outer peripheral portion of the convex curved surface portion 97 having a circular dome shape. It has become. The peripheral edge 202 has an inclined surface 204 formed from the inner periphery of the adhesive surface 203 to the outer periphery of the barrel-shaped optical element 201. As shown in FIG. 19D, the lens 93C of the third example is an unnecessary portion of the image circle 212 of the circular lens 93C, that is, outside the four sides of the imaging surface 211 with respect to the imaging surface 211 of the square imaging device 33. The four outer peripheral areas 214 into which the light rays that form an image on the area 213 enter are cut. The angle θA of the inclined surface 204 on the inner peripheral portion of the edge portion 202 is, for example, θA = 90 ° when the opening angle θA is viewed from the center of the lens, and is inclined as compared with the first and second examples. It can be formed gently. On the other hand, similarly to the first example and the second example, when the angle θA of the inclined surface 204 of the inner peripheral portion of the edge portion 202 is θA = 60 °, the adhesion width Wa of the adhesion surface 203 of the edge portion 202 is increased. Can take.

  The lens 93 is produced by, for example, nanoimprinting or injection molding. The lens 93 is formed by forming a lens group in which a plurality of microlenses having the same shape are arrayed using a mold made of a nanoimprint original plate, etc., and after releasing the molded lens group, the lens 93 is formed into individual lenses by dicing or the like. It is produced by cutting. When the lens 93 is manufactured, it is necessary to provide a draft for removing the lens 93 from the mold, and the inclined surface 204 of the lens 93 acts as a draft. When the draft of the molded product is as large as possible, the releasability is improved. From the viewpoint of releasability, the inclined surface 204 of the lens 93 should be gentle with respect to the surface perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens 93. desirable. On the other hand, in order to reduce the outer dimension of the lens 93, the inclined surface 204 of the lens 93 should be raised as much as possible. Further, when the lens 93 is bonded to the element cover glass 43 with the bonding resin 37, the bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202 to which the bonding resin 37 adheres is preferably as large as possible from the viewpoint of bonding strength.

  For this reason, in consideration of factors such as the reduction in the diameter of the lens 93, the releasability, and the adhesive strength, the edge portion 202 is provided so that the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 can be securely bonded to the edge portion 202. The dimension of the adhesive surface 203 is set. For example, as an example of the size of the lens 93 whose outer shape is a quadrangular prism shape, when the dimension of one side of a square of a cross section perpendicular to the optical axis direction is 0.5 mm, the bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202 has an bonding width Wa. For example, 50 μm or more. In this case, in the endoscope 111 in which the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 is 1.0 mm or less, the dimension of one side of the outer shape of the lens 93 is 0.5 mm or less, and the bonding width Wa of the bonding surface 203 in the edge portion 202. Is secured to 50 μm or more. Further, in order to achieve both size reduction and releasability of the lens 93, the angle θA of the inclined surface 204 is, for example, 60 ° ≦ θA ≦ 90 °, assuming that the angle θA of the opening viewed from the center of the lens. In this case, the angle of the inclined surface 204 is 30 ° or more and 45 ° or less with respect to the optical axis direction (direction parallel to the mold release direction) of the lens 93 and is perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens 93. It becomes 60 degrees or less and 45 degrees or more.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 111 of the seventeenth configuration example, the small-diameter lens 93 capable of setting the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 to 1.0 mm or less can be realized. In addition, in the lens 93 with a reduced diameter, by setting the bonding width Wa of the bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202 to 50 μm or more, the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 can be securely bonded and fixed. . Further, as the angle of the inclined surface 204 between the central optical element portion 201 and the peripheral edge portion 202 of the lens 93, the opening angle θA viewed from the lens center is set to 60 ° ≦ θA ≦ 90 °. As a result, the releasability during lens production can be improved.

<18th configuration example>
The eighteenth configuration example shows a configuration example of an adhesive surface between the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 in the endoscope 111.

  FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a bonding surface of the lens 93 with the element cover glass 43. The lens 93 is fixed by easily aligning the optical axis with the imaging surface 41 of the imaging element 33 by aligning the outer shape of the quadrangular prism with the element cover glass 43 of the imaging element 33 and adhering it with the adhesive resin 37. can do. The bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202 of the lens 93 is inclined so as to have a predetermined angle, not in a plane parallel to the end surface of the element cover glass 43 in a state of being opposed to the element cover glass 43 to be bonded and fixed. The unit 207 may be included. The inclined portion 207 of the bonding surface 203 has a tapered shape inclined from the inner peripheral portion of the edge portion 202 toward the outer peripheral portion, and the thickness dimension of the outer peripheral portion is slightly reduced. The inclination angle of the inclined portion 207 of the bonding surface 203 is, for example, 0.5 ° or more. When the bonding resin 37 is finely applied to the bonding surface 203 of the edge portion 202 in order to bond the lens 93 to the element cover glass 43, the bonding resin 37 on the bonding surface is surrounded by the inclined portion 207 of the bonding surface 203. The adhesive resin 37 can be prevented from interfering with the air layer 95 formed on the optical element portion 201.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 111 of the eighteenth configuration example, it is possible to prevent the adhesive resin 37 from entering the air layer 95 between the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43, while securing the air layer 95. The lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 can be securely bonded and fixed.

<Nineteenth configuration example>
The nineteenth configuration example shows a specific example of the configuration of the optical system in the endoscope 111.

Below, the specific example of a structure of the optical system containing the objective cover glass 91, the lens 93, and the element cover glass 43 is shown.
・ Objective cover glass 91
Thickness TGt of the objective cover glass 91: TGt = 0.1 to 0.5 mm
An example of the material of the objective cover glass 91: BK7 (manufactured by Schott), nd = 1.52, νd = 64.2
Refractive index ndF of the objective cover glass 91: 1.3 ≦ ndF
Abbe number νdF of the objective cover glass 91: 30 ≦ νdF
Element cover glass 43
Thickness SGt of element cover glass 43: SGt = 0.1 to 0.5 mm
An example of the material of the element cover glass 43: BK7 (manufactured by Schott), nd = 1.52, νd = 64.2
Refractive index ndR of element cover glass 43: 1.3 ≦ ndR ≦ 2.0, ndF ≦ ndR
Abbe number νdR of element cover glass 43: 40 ≦ νdR, νdF ≦ νdR
・ Lens 93
Focal length f of lens 93: 0.1 mm ≦ f ≦ 1.0 mm
F number FNO of the lens 93: 1.4 ≦ FNO ≦ 8.0

  FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the focal length f of the lens 93 and the thickness tg (= SGt) of the element cover glass 43. In FIG. 21, f is the focal length of the lens 93, x is the distance from the imaging point on the imaging side to the subject side end surface of the element cover glass 43 at the focal length of the lens 93, and tg is the thickness SGt of the element cover glass 43. Show. Θair is the maximum angle with respect to the optical axis of the light beam emitted from the lens 93 to the imaging point in the air only state (in the case of a single lens) (the light beam and the optical axis connecting the imaging point in the air from the lens exit pupil) Θgl is the maximum angle with respect to the optical axis of the light beam emitted from the lens 93 in the state including the element cover glass 43 (in the case of the lens + element cover glass) through the element cover glass 43 to the image forming point (lens emission) The angle between the optical axis and the light ray connecting the imaging point in the state including the air and the element cover glass from the pupil. Here, x is 0 ≦ x ≦ f, and the distance from the exit pupil of the lens 93 to the subject side end surface of the element cover glass 43 is fx.

The relationship between the F number FNO of the lens 93 and the numerical aperture NA is
FNO = 1 / (2 · NA)
So
FNO = 1 / (2 · sin θair)
It becomes. Therefore, the relationship of the following formula (1) can be derived.
sin θair = 1 / (2 · FNO) (1)
θair = sin ⁻¹ {1 / (2 · FNO)}
From Snell's law,
1 ・ sinθair = ngl ・ sinθgl
It becomes. Therefore, the relationship of the following formula (2) can be derived.
sin θgl = (sin θair) / ngl
= 1 / (2 · FNO · ngl) (2)
θgl = sin ⁻¹ {1 / (2 · FNO · ngl)}

In FIG. 21, the radius of the exit pupil of the lens 93 is f · tan θair, and in the state where the lens alone is air only, the subject on the element cover glass 43 is about rays connecting the exit pupil of the lens 93 to the imaging point in the air. The distance to the optical axis at the position of the side end face is x · tan θair. In the state including the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43, the optical axis on the subject side end face of the element cover glass 43 for the light ray connecting the imaging pupil in the state where the air and the element cover glass 43 are combined from the exit pupil of the lens 93. The distance to is tg · tan θgl. Here, since x · tan θair = tg · tan θgl, the thickness tg of the element cover glass 43 is obtained by the following equation (3).
tg = x · tan θair × (1 / tan θgl)
= X · (tan θair) / (tan θgl) (3)

Therefore, when the thickness tg (= SGt) of the element cover glass 43 is set to 0.1 mm ≦ tg ≦ 0.5 mm, f, FNO, ngl (x) satisfying the relationship of the following formula (4) with x as a parameter: = NdR) may be obtained from numerical formulas (1) and (2) and set as numerical values of the optical characteristics of the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43.
0.1 ≦ x · (tan θair) / (tan θgl) ≦ 0.5 (4)
Here, since tan θair and tan θgl are obtained from sin θair and sin θgl, they can be expressed by FNO and ngl.

  Next, as the optical characteristics of the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43, a specific combination of f, FNO, and ngl (= ndR) when the thickness tg (= SGt) of the element cover glass 43 is tg = 0.40 mm. An example is shown. In the following example, BF indicates the back focus (the distance from the center of the lens (exit pupil position) to the imaging point (imaging surface of the image sensor)), and between the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43. Adjusted by distance.

(1) Air long distance (f, FNO, ndR) = (0.306, 4.01, 1.5168), BF = 0.0125
The long distance in the air corresponds to, for example, observation of the trachea and the larynx in the human body in the endoscope. Used for diagnosis of human lungs and respiratory upper respiratory tract.

(2) Short distance in the air (f, FNO, ndR) = (0.306, 4.50, 1.5168), BF = 0.0375
The short distance in the air corresponds to observation of, for example, area bronchi and bronchioles in the human body with an endoscope. Used for diagnosis of human lungs and respiratory lower respiratory tract.

(3) Long distance in water (f, FNO, ndR) = (0.306, 4.02, 1.5168), BF = 0.0125
The long distance in water corresponds to observation of, for example, the uterus and stomach in a human body with an endoscope.

(4) Underwater short distance (f, FNO, ndR) = (0.306, 4.47, 1.5168), BF = 0.0375
The underwater short distance corresponds to observation of, for example, a bladder, a coronary artery, a knee joint, a hip joint, and the like in a human body with an endoscope. Used for diagnosis of human blood vessels.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 111 of the nineteenth configuration example, it is possible to realize the thin lens 93 capable of setting the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 to 1.0 mm or less. In addition, it is possible to obtain desired optical performance in the small-diameter lens 93.

<20th configuration example>
The twentieth configuration example shows a specific example of the configuration of the image sensor 33 in the endoscope 111. 22A and 22B are diagrams illustrating a first example of an image sensor.

  The imaging device 33A of the first example has a quadrangular cross-sectional shape cut by a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens 93. In this case, the outer shape of the imaging surface on the element cover glass 43A side and the terminal surface on the transmission cable 31 side is a quadrangular shape, and the outer shape of the imaging element 33A and the element cover glass 43A is formed in a quadrangular prism shape. . The imaging element 33A, the element cover glass 43A, and the lens 93 (not shown) are formed in a quadrangular prism shape having the same outer shape.

  An electric circuit 99A based on a circuit pattern is provided on a substrate (terminal surface) provided on the rear end side of the image sensor 33A, and conductor connection portions (connection lands) 49 are provided at four corners, respectively. The transmission cable 31 by the electric wire 45 is connected by soldering or the like. That is, four electric wires 45 are connected at four corners of the terminal surface of the image sensor 33A. The four electric wires 45 are positioned and connected to the four corners of the terminal surface of the image pickup device 33A with the ends thereof being formed in a crank shape. Here, the outer width (length of one side of the quadrangular cross section) SQL of the image sensor 33A is, for example, 0.5 mm or less, and the inter-wire pitch PC adjacent to the four wires 45 is, for example, 0. It is 3 mm or more.

  23A and 23B are diagrams illustrating a second example of the image sensor. In the image pickup device 33B of the second example, the cross-sectional shape cut by a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens 93 is formed in an octagon shape, and the outer shapes of the image pickup device 33B and the element cover glass 43B are formed in an octagonal column shape. Has been. Further, the imaging element 33B, the element cover glass 43B, the electric circuit 99B, and the lens 93 (not shown) are formed in an octagonal column shape having the same outer shape. Here, the description will focus on the configuration of the portion different from the first example, and the description of the same portion as the first example will be omitted.

  The second example is an example having an octagonal shape in which four corners (four corners) of a quadrangular shape are cut (chamfered) by one cut surface 221B in the cross-sectional shape of the image sensor 33B. The dimension of the cutout portion of the outer shape of the imaging element 33B is such that the dimension CS to the end of the cutout surface 221B with respect to the apex of the square is 20 to 50 μm, for example. In this way, by cutting the four corners of the outer shape of the image sensor 33B at the cut surface 221B, the pitch PC between the four wires 45 is separated as much as possible, and the outer dimension in the diagonal direction of the image sensor 33B is increased. The size can be reduced, which can contribute to further reducing the diameter of the endoscope. For example, if the dimension CS of the cut-out portion is 21.2 μm, the external dimension in the diagonal direction of the image sensor 33B is reduced by 15 μm at one location, and the diameter is reduced by 30 μm at both ends in the diagonal direction. When the configuration of the cut surface 221B is applied to an image sensor in which the outer shape is square, the outer dimension SQL on one side is 0.5 mm, and the outer dimension in the diagonal direction is 0.705 mm, the outer dimension in the diagonal direction is obtained by chamfering. Becomes as small as 0.675 mm, and a small-diameter endoscope having a diameter of 0.7 mm or less can be realized.

  24A and 24B are diagrams illustrating a third example of the image sensor. In the image pickup device 33C of the third example, the cross-sectional shape cut by a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens 93 is formed in a dodecagon shape, and the outer shapes of the image pickup device 33C and the element cover glass 43C are formed in a dodecagon column shape. Has been. Further, the imaging element 33C, the element cover glass 43C, the electric circuit 99C, and the lens 93 (not shown) are formed in an octagonal column shape having the same outer shape. Here, the description will focus on the configuration of the portion different from the first example, and the description of the same portion as the first example will be omitted. The third example is an example having a dodecagonal shape in which four corners of a quadrilateral are cut out by two cut surfaces 221C in the cross-sectional shape of the image sensor 33C. As for the size of the cutout portion of the outer shape of the image sensor 33C, the size CS up to the end of the cutout surface with respect to the apex of the quadrangle can be made larger than in the second example. Therefore, the diameter of the image sensor can be further reduced.

  The cross-sectional shape in the direction perpendicular to the lens optical axis of the image sensor 33 is not limited to a quadrangular, octagonal, or dodecagonal shape, but may be a 4 × n square (n is a natural number) such as a hexagonal shape. Thus, by configuring the cross-sectional shape of the image sensor 33 to be 4 × n square, the image sensor and the endoscope can be further reduced in diameter while enabling the transmission cable 31 to be connected by the four electric wires 45. In addition, by making the four corners of the 4 × n square cross-sectional shape of the image sensor 33 chamfered, the diagonal dimension of the image sensor 33 can be further reduced, which can contribute to further reduction in diameter.

  As described above, according to the endoscope 111 of the twentieth configuration example, it is possible to realize the small-diameter imaging element 33 capable of setting the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 to 1.0 mm or less.

  In the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the imaging element 33 provided at the distal end portion 15 of the insertion portion 21 and the imaging surface 41 is covered by the element cover glass 43 and the incident light from the subject are imaged on the imaging surface 41. A lens 93 and an adhesive resin 37 for fixing the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 are provided. The lens 93 is formed of a single lens whose outer shape is formed in a prismatic shape, the subject-side first surface is a flat surface, and the imaging-side second surface is a convex surface. On the image pickup side of the lens 93, an optical element portion 201 having a convex curved surface portion 97 protruding in a substantially spherical shape that forms a convex lens surface is formed at the center portion, and the peripheral portion has an adhesive surface 203 having a flat end surface. The edge part 202 which has is formed integrally. As a result, it is possible to realize a thin lens 93 capable of setting the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 to 1.0 mm or less.

  In the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the bonding surface 203 of the lens 93A has a substantially square shape with the outer peripheral portion being square and the inner peripheral portion being rounded square.

  In the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the adhesive surface 203 of the lens 93B has a circular shape that is concentric with the convex curved surface portion 97 having a square outer periphery and a circular dome shape on the inner periphery.

  Further, in the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the optical element portion 201 of the lens 93C includes four on the circumference corresponding to the four sides of the square of the lens outer shape on the outer circumference of the convex dome-shaped convex curved portion 97. It has a barrel shape with a part cut away. Thereby, the inclination of the inclined surface 204 between the optical element part 201 and the edge part 202 can be formed gently, and the mold release property at the time of lens production can be improved. Moreover, when the inclination of the inclined surface 204 is the same, the adhesive width Wa of the adhesive surface 203 of the edge portion 202 can be increased, and the adhesive strength can be improved.

  In the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the lens 93 has an inclined surface 204 that extends from the lens center toward the outer periphery from the outer peripheral portion of the convex curved surface portion 97 to the inner peripheral portion of the adhesive surface 203. Assuming that the angle 204 is the opening angle θA viewed from the center of the lens, 60 ° ≦ θA ≦ 90 °, and the bonding width Wa of the bonding surface 203 is 50 μm or more. As a result, in the lens 93 with a reduced diameter, the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 can be securely bonded and fixed. Further, by securing a sufficient angle of the inclined surface 204, the releasability at the time of lens production can be improved.

  In the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the adhesive surface 203 of the lens 93 has a tapered inclined portion 207 that is inclined from the inner peripheral portion of the edge portion 202 toward the outer peripheral portion. As a result, the adhesive resin 37 applied to the adhesive surface 203 easily moves to the outer peripheral side, and is less likely to enter the inner side of the edge portion 202, and the adhesive resin 37 interferes with the air layer 95 formed in the optical element portion 201. Can be suppressed.

  In addition, the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment includes an objective cover glass 91 that covers the subject side surface of the lens 93 together with the imaging element 33, the element cover glass 43, the adhesive resin 37, and the lens 93. The objective cover glass 91 is made of an optical material having a thickness TGt of 0.1 mm ≦ TGt ≦ 0.5 mm, a refractive index ndF of 1.3 ≦ ndF, and an Abbe number νdF of 30 ≦ νdF, and the element cover glass 43 has a thickness of SGt is 0.1 mm ≦ SGt ≦ 0.5 mm, refractive index ndR is 1.3 ≦ ndR ≦ 2.0, ndF ≦ ndR, Abbe number νdR is 40 ≦ νdR, νdF ≦ νdR, and is a single unit. The lens 93 by the lens has a focal length f of 0.1 mm ≦ f ≦ 1.0 mm and an F number FNO of 1.4 ≦ FNO ≦ 8.0. As a result, it is possible to realize a thin lens 93 capable of setting the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 to 1.0 mm or less.

  In the endoscope 111 according to the present embodiment, the distance from the imaging point on the imaging side to the subject side end surface of the element cover glass 43 at the focal length of the lens 93 is x (0 ≦ x ≦ f), and only air is used. The maximum angle with respect to the optical axis of the light beam emitted from the lens 93 to the imaging point is θair, and the maximum angle with respect to the optical axis of the light beam emitted from the lens 93 including the element cover glass 43 through the element cover glass 43 to the imaging point Is set to θgl, the lens 93 and the element cover glass 43 are formed of a combination of a focal length f, an F number FNO, and a refractive index ndR that satisfies 0.1 ≦ x · (tan θair) / (tan θgl) ≦ 0.5. . Thereby, it is possible to obtain desired optical performance in the small-diameter lens 93.

  In the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the four conductor connections provided on the surface opposite to the imaging surface 41 of the imaging element 33 together with the imaging element 33, the element cover glass 43, the adhesive resin 37, and the lens 93. A transmission cable 31 having four electric wires 45 connected to each of the portions 49 is provided. The image sensor 33 has a 4 × n square cross-section perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens 93 (n is a natural number), and the four electric wires 45 are formed on the rear end face of the 4 × n square of the image sensor 33. The four conductor connection portions 49 arranged at the four corners are respectively connected. Thereby, it is possible to realize a small-diameter imaging element 33 capable of setting the maximum outer diameter Dmax of the distal end portion 15 to 1.0 mm or less.

  In addition, in the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the four corners of the 4 × n square cross-sectional shape of the image sensor 33 are chamfered. Thereby, the dimension of the diagonal direction of the image pick-up element 33 can be made smaller, and it can contribute to the further diameter reduction.

  In the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the imaging element 33, the element cover glass 43, and the lens 93 have a 4 × n-square prism shape having the same outer shape. Thereby, the outer diameter from the lens 93 to the image sensor 33 through the element cover glass 43 can be further reduced.

  Further, in the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the image sensor 33 has a length of one side of a 4 × n square in a cross section perpendicular to the optical axis of 0.5 mm or less. Thereby, the external dimension of the diagonal direction of the image pick-up element 33 can be reduced to about 0.7 mm.

  Further, in the endoscope 111 of the present embodiment, the maximum outer diameter of the distal end portion 15 is formed in a range of a finite diameter to 1.0 mm corresponding to the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the substrate of the image sensor 33. Thereby, by making the maximum outer diameter Dmax less than 1.0 mm, for example, insertion into a blood vessel of a human body can be further facilitated.

  While various embodiments have been described above with reference to the drawings, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to such examples. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. Understood. In addition, the constituent elements in the above-described embodiment may be arbitrarily combined without departing from the spirit of the invention.

  The present invention has an effect of reducing the size and cost of an endoscope, and is useful as, for example, a small-diameter endoscope used for medical surgery or the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11, 111 ... Endoscope 15 ... Tip part 17 ... Mold resin 31 ... Transmission cable 33, 33A, 33B, 33C ... Imaging element 35 ... Lens unit 37 ... Adhesive resin 41 ... Imaging surface 43, 43A, 43B, 43C ... Element cover glass 45 ... Electric wire 49 ... Conductor connection part 57 ... Light guide 59 ... Optical fiber 65 ... Mold part 91 ... Objective cover glass 93, 93A, 93B, 93C ... Lens 95 ... Air layer 97 ... Convex curve part 99, 99A, 99B, 99C ... Electric circuit 201 ... Optical element portion 202 ... Edge portion 203 ... Adhesive surface 204 ... Inclined surface Dmax ... Maximum outer diameter

Claims (2)

A single lens with a square outer shape perpendicular to the optical axis ;
The outer shape and the same of the imaging element of said single lens in the vertical direction of the outer shape with respect to the optical axis,
Covering the imaging surface of the imaging element, and an element cover glass whose outer shape perpendicular to the optical axis is the same as that of the single lens;
An adhesive resin for fixing the single lens and the element cover glass in which the optical axis of the single lens coincides with the center of the imaging surface;
Anda transmission cable having four electric wires which are connected to each of the four conductor connection section provided in the image pickup element,
The length of one side of the image sensor is 0.5 mm or less,
Before SL four electric wires are respectively connected to the four conductor connecting portion arranged in the four corners of the rear surface having a square shape of the imaging element,
The central portion of the single lens has a convex curved surface that protrudes into a substantially spherical shape that constitutes a convex lens surface on the imaging side,
Periphery of said single lens, the end surface is flat, and that having a bonding surface between the element cover glass in the entire of the end surfaces,
Endoscope. An octagonal single lens whose outer shape in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis is alternately arranged with long sides and short sides;
An imaging device having an outer shape in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis and the outer shape of the single lens;
Covering the imaging surface of the imaging element, and an element cover glass whose outer shape perpendicular to the optical axis is the same as that of the single lens;
An adhesive resin for fixing the single lens and the element cover glass in which the optical axis of the single lens coincides with the center of the imaging surface;
A transmission cable having four electric wires connected to each of the four conductor connection portions provided in the imaging element;
The length of one side of the image sensor is 0.5 mm or less,
The four electric wires are respectively connected to four conductor connection portions arranged at four corners in the vicinity of the short side of the rear end surface having an octagonal shape of the imaging element,
The central portion of the single lens has a convex curved surface that protrudes into a substantially spherical shape that constitutes a convex lens surface on the imaging side,
The peripheral edge of the single lens has a flat end surface and an adhesive surface with the element cover glass over the entire end surface.
Endoscope.