JP5892987B2 - Planetary gear type speed reducer with two-stage reduction gear - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transmission that changes a power transmission state between an input shaft and an output shaft, and in particular, a small-sized and high gear ratio in which a plurality of planetary gear type speed reducers including a two-stage reduction gear are combined. In addition, the present invention relates to a transmission that can perform a smooth speed-up operation.

  In a power transmission system that rotationally drives mechanical parts, work equipment, or the like, an increase / decrease device for changing the rotational speed or torque is conventionally used to match the characteristics of the driven equipment. In addition, there are often intervening devices having various functions such as a torque limiter for protecting a drive source such as a motor from an excessive load torque.

There is a friction transmission type such as a belt transmission device using pulleys with different diameters as an speed reducer, but generally a gear type speed reducer is used, among which a planetary gear mechanism is used. There is a planetary gear type speed reducer. The planetary gear mechanism has a sun gear (sun gear) at the center and a ring gear (ring gear) that is an internal gear around the sun gear, and a plurality of planetary gears that mesh with both gears between the sun gear and the ring gear. A gear (planetary gear) is arranged. The plurality of planetary gears are attached to and supported by a carrier (also called a retainer) that carries the planetary gears. Usually, the carrier is configured to be rotatable about a rotation axis concentric with the sun gear and the ring gear, and when the carrier rotates, the planetary gear rotates around the ring gear while revolving around the planetary gear. Do.
In this planetary gear type speed reducer, each gear, each component, and the like can be freely selected as input / output elements for power transmission, and the gear ratio can be set freely. Further, since the input shaft and the output shaft are arranged concentrically, the layout design of the power transmission device is easy, and it is easy to increase the gear ratio in multiple stages.

As a conventional multistage planetary gear type speed reducer, a structure shown in FIG. 8 is known. This is configured as a relatively small mechanical part using a planetary gear type speed reducer as a speed reducer.
The planetary gear type speed reducer of FIG. 8 includes an input shaft IS provided with a sun gear SG, and a fixed housing HG provided with a ring gear RG. Between the sun gear SG and the ring gear RG, three planetary gears PG meshing with both gears are arranged. Each of the planetary gears PG is fitted into a support shaft SS provided integrally with the carrier CR and is rotatably supported. On the opposite side of the support shaft SS of the carrier CR, a sun gear having the same shape as the sun gear SG of the input shaft IS is formed, and the sun gear SG of the input shaft IS and the carrier CR constitute a first stage reduction gear. The A similar configuration is sequentially repeated toward the left side of the BB cross-sectional view, and an output shaft OS is provided on the carrier of the speed reducer at the final stage (third stage). The ring gear RG is a common gear that meshes with the planetary gears of all stages, and is an internal gear that extends over almost the entire length in the axial direction of the housing HG.

When the sun gear SG of the input shaft IS rotates, the planetary gear PG rotates along with the ring gear RG at the same time as rotating. The carrier CR that pivotally supports the planetary gear PG rotates along with the revolution of the planetary gear, and the rotation direction is the same as that of the input shaft, and the rotation speed is greatly reduced than the rotation speed of the input shaft. Is done. And the gear ratio between the sun gear SG and the carrier CR is the following formula:
Sun gear rotation speed / carrier rotation speed = 1 + (number of teeth of ring gear / number of teeth of sun gear)
Determined by. The carrier CR is provided with a sun gear at the next stage, and the same speed reduction is performed at the next stage. The final gear ratio (reduction ratio) of the output shaft OS is the number of stages in the single gear ratio. Only multiplied.

  The planetary gear type speed reducer is used in various rotating devices, and when this is interposed in a power transmission path, the rotational speed decreases and the torque increases in inverse proportion. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-254046 discloses a tool in which a planetary gear speed reducer is applied to an electric driver driven by a motor, and the planetary gear speed reduction is performed by the motor via a permanent magnet type torque limiter. It describes that the sun gear of the machine is driven and the carrier is connected to the driver to tighten the screw while increasing the torque. Japanese Patent No. 4806544 discloses that a permanent magnet is incorporated in a planetary gear speed reducer, and this speed reducer is configured as a torque limiter itself used in a paper feeding device such as a copying machine.

JP-A-9-254046 Japanese Patent No. 4806544

In a planetary gear type reduction gear, as in the reduction gear described in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2, it is common to use a sun gear as an input shaft and a carrier as an output shaft. With this structure, it is possible to obtain a reduction gear having a large speed ratio (reduction ratio) between the input and output shafts with a small device.
However, in this structure, the carrier carrying the planetary gear rotates as an output shaft. If the rotating carrier swings or tilts, resistance due to friction between the planetary gear and the support shaft into which the planetary gear is fitted or between the gears meshing with the planetary gear increases, increasing the power transmission loss between the input and output shafts. Invite.

Here, the planetary gear mechanism can be operated as both a speed reducer and a speed increaser by reversing the input / output relationship. Although the power transmission loss as described above deteriorates the transmission efficiency, as long as the planetary gear mechanism is operated as a speed reducer, the gears and the like are hardly locked and power transmission between the input and output shafts is almost impossible. On the other hand, when the carrier is used as the input shaft and the sun gear is used as the output shaft in order to operate as a speed increaser, the rotational torque ratio between the carrier and the sun gear is inversely proportional to the gear ratio, and therefore the resistance torque caused by friction. Is amplified and acts on the carrier of the input shaft as a large resistance torque. Therefore, as a result of an increase in friction associated with the rotation of the rotating carrier, etc., the planetary gear mechanism cannot transmit power smoothly, and the carrier is substantially locked. In order to prevent this, measures such as installing a rolling bearing between the planetary gear and the support shaft can be considered, but in this case, the outer diameter of the planetary gear increases, which inevitably leads to an increase in the size of the device. It will be.
The object of the present invention is to reduce the friction of each gear by increasing the gear ratio between the input and output shafts and preventing the rotation of the rotating shaft, etc., in a small transmission that combines a plurality of planetary gear mechanisms. It is to facilitate the operation as a speed increaser.

In view of the above problems, the multi-stage planetary gear type speed increasing and reducing machine of the present invention, increasing the transmission ratio using a so-called two-stage reduction gear in parallel the gear diameter of the large and small as a planetary gear in a planetary gear mechanism of each stage In addition, the planetary gear mechanism carrier is fixed to the housing, a speed change operation is executed between the sun gear and the ring gear, and the planetary gear mechanism is rotated stably. Therefore, the multistage planetary gear type speed reducer of the present invention has the following “basic structure”.
`` A planetary gear mechanism is configured by a sun gear placed at the center, a ring gear composed of internal gears provided around the sun gear, and a planetary gear interposed between the sun gear and the ring gear. An speed reducer that combines a planetary gear mechanism with multiple stages inside the housing,
The planetary gear is provided with a large-diameter gear meshing with the sun gear and a small-diameter gear meshing with the ring gear,
The planetary gear mechanism is provided with a support shaft for pivotally supporting the planetary gear, and a disk-shaped rotation operation provided with a disk-shaped carrier fixed to the housing, the ring gear and the sun gear. The child is placed next to it, and
The ring gear is provided on a peripheral portion of one surface of the rotary actuator, and the sun gear is provided on an actuator central axis formed on the other surface,
The other surface of the rotary actuator is in contact with the surface opposite to the support shaft of the carrier and is supported in the thrust direction, and the central axis of the actuator is fitted in a center hole formed in the carrier. Bearing in the radial direction ,
The sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism placed at one end of the speed reducer is provided with a sun gear connecting shaft, and the ring gear of the planetary gear mechanism placed at the other end is provided with a ring gear connecting shaft. Is the structure .

And the 1st aspect (1st invention) of this invention is the speed increase / decrease machine provided with the basic structure as described in Claim 1, Comprising: Furthermore, protrusion is provided in the outer periphery of the said disk-shaped carrier. A groove for fitting the protrusion is formed on the inner surface of the housing so as to extend in the axial direction. In this case, as described in claim 2 , as the groove into which the protrusion is fitted, a plurality of axial lengths corresponding to each of the disk-shaped carriers in the multi-stage planetary gear mechanism are provided. A groove may be formed in the inner surface of the housing.

According to a second aspect (second invention) of the present invention, as described in claim 3, the speed reducer includes a basic structure, and the sun gear connecting shaft further extends in an axial direction of the housing. It is configured to be supported in a radial direction on a wall portion formed at one end, and the ring gear connecting shaft is supported in a thrust direction and a radial direction on a lid body fitted to the other end in the axial direction of the housing . Is .

According to a third aspect (third invention) of the present invention, there is provided a speed increasing / decreasing device having a basic structure as defined in claim 4, further comprising a tip of the sun gear connecting shaft and the rotation operation. A small-diameter central shaft is provided at the tip of the child actuator central shaft, and a central hole into which the central shaft is fitted is provided at the rear end of the ring gear connecting shaft and the rear end of the rotary actuator.

Decrease the speed of each aspect of the present invention, in the portion of the basic structure, and has a transmission which contains a combination of a plurality of stages of planetary gear mechanism (planetary gear type gear train) to the housing. Each stage of the planetary gear mechanism includes a sun gear installed at the center, a ring gear composed of internal gears provided around the sun gear, and a plurality of planetary gears interposed between these gears. Yes. This planetary gear is provided with a large-diameter gear that meshes with the sun gear and a small-diameter gear that meshes with the ring gear, and constitutes a so-called two-stage reduction gear. The carrier that supports the planetary gear is a disk-shaped member fixed to the housing, and each planetary gear is rotatably fitted on a support shaft that is erected on one surface thereof. Adjacent to the carrier, a disk-like rotary actuator provided with a ring gear and a next stage sun gear is arranged.

In the planetary gear mechanism having this structure, when the first-stage sun gear rotates, the rotary actuator provided with the ring gear rotates in the reverse direction via the fixed planetary gear. The sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism of the next stage is integrally provided on the actuator center shaft formed on the surface opposite to the ring gear of the rotary actuator, and the same speed change is performed in the next stage. .
In other words, the shift in the planetary gear mechanism of each stage is a shift by a simple gear train between the sun gear and the ring gear with the planetary gear fixed to the rotation shaft, and the planetary gear is an intermediate gear of the gear train. Become. The planetary gear is provided with two gears having different numbers of teeth in parallel. If the gear ratio of these gears is γ (where γ> 1), the gear ratio of the single-stage planetary gear mechanism is It is expressed by the following equation (because the rotation direction is opposite, it is given-)
Sun gear rotation speed / ring gear rotation speed = −γ · (number of teeth of ring gear / number of teeth of sun gear)
As described above, since the present invention employs a two-stage reduction gear for the planetary gear, the gear ratio is γ times that of a single gear without increasing the axial length of the planetary gear. Can be obtained. In the speed increasing / decreasing gear of the present invention, the sun gear connecting shaft placed at one end and the ring gear connecting shaft placed at the other end serve as an input / output shaft, and the gear ratio between them is the above-mentioned single stage speed. The speed ratio is multiplied by the number of stages, and the torque ratio therebetween is the reciprocal of the speed ratio.

Unlike the general planetary gear mechanism in which the carrier rotates, the planetary gear mechanism of the present invention is supported by a carrier fixed to the housing, and therefore the planetary gear is a two-sided planetary gear. However, the support shaft does not shake or swing. Further, the rotary actuator provided with the ring gear and the sun gear of the next stage is supported in the thrust direction with the disc-shaped surface opposite to the ring gear abutting with the disc-shaped surface of the carrier, An actuator central shaft provided with a gear is fitted in a central hole formed in the carrier and is supported in the radial direction. Since the slide bearing surface of the rotary actuator is formed on the carrier, the rotary actuator can rotate stably without the rotary shaft being shaken.
Thus, the rotating members such as the gears in the planetary gear mechanism of the present invention rotate stably and have a very small frictional resistance. Therefore, power transmission loss in the speed reducer is reduced, and at the same time, smooth speed increase is realized when the ring gear connecting shaft is used as the input shaft and the sun gear connecting shaft is used as the output shaft and the speed reducer is operated as the speed increasing device. The

In the speed increasing / decreasing device of the first invention , a protrusion is formed on the outer periphery of the disk-shaped carrier, and a groove for fitting the protrusion is formed on the inner surface of the housing so as to extend in the axial direction. Since the speed increasing / decreasing gear of the present invention is constructed by superimposing single-stage planetary gear mechanisms in the axial direction, the structure of the first aspect of the present invention manufactures the speed increasing / decreasing gear while sequentially assembling the same shaped carrier to the housing. It becomes possible, and the manufacturing and assembling process of the speed reducer can be made more efficient.

The increase or decrease the speed of the first invention, when assembled by fitting the projections of the carrier in a groove of the inner surface of the housing, as in the invention of claim 2, as a groove for fitting the protrusion, the disc in the planetary gear mechanism in a plurality of stages A plurality of grooves set in the axial length corresponding to each of the shaped carriers can be formed on the inner surface of the housing. In this way, each of the plurality of carriers is fitted into a dedicated groove, and by pushing the carrier in the axial direction, the protrusion comes into contact with the end of the groove and the carrier is automatically positioned with respect to the housing. In this manner, the groove into which the carrier is fitted serves as a spacer, and the adjacent carrier is held at the set position. Since the spacing between the planetary gear and the rotating actuator of the planetary gear mechanism is also maintained at an appropriate value, smooth rotation of the speed increase / reduction gear is ensured.
It is obvious that the structure of the groove of the housing and the protrusion of the carrier is not limited to the one using a two-stage reduction gear as the planetary gear, but can be applied to an speed reducer using a single gear.

In the speed increasing / decreasing device of the second invention, the sun gear connecting shaft and the ring gear connecting shaft, which are the input / output shafts of the speed increasing / decreasing device, are also supported by the housing to prevent rotational vibration and the like. In this invention, the sun gear connecting shaft is supported in a radial direction on a wall portion formed at one end of the housing in the axial direction, and the ring gear connecting shaft is formed with a disk-like surface, and the ring gear connecting shaft Are also supported in a thrust direction and a radial direction by a lid fitted into the opening end of the housing. For this reason, the rotation of the input shaft when the speed increaser / speed reducer is used as a speed increaser is stabilized, and smoother power transmission is performed.
The speed increasing / decreasing device of the third invention is provided with a small-diameter central shaft at the tip of the sun gear connecting shaft and the tip of the rotating actuator central shaft, and at the rear end of the ring gear connecting shaft and the rotating actuator. A central hole is provided at the end, and the central shaft and the central hole are fitted together. If it carries out like this, the center part of an adjacent rotary body will mutually be bearing, and the shake | fluctuation of a rotating shaft can be prevented more reliably.

It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the speed reducer of this invention. It is a figure which shows the housing and carrier of the speed increase / decrease device of this invention by a single item. It is a figure which shows the rotary actuator and planetary gear of the speed increase / decrease device of this invention with single goods. It is a figure which shows the sun gear connecting shaft and the ring gear connecting shaft of the speed increasing / decreasing device of the present invention separately. It is the figure which applied the speed increase / decrease device of this invention to the torque limiter apparatus. It is the figure which applied the speed increase / decrease device of this invention to the operating speed reduction apparatus. It is the figure which comprised the centrifugal clutch using the speed increase / decrease device of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional planetary gear type speed reducer.

  Hereinafter, the speed increase / decrease device of this invention is demonstrated based on drawing. First, FIG. 1 shows the overall structure of the speed increasing / decreasing device of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows a housing and a carrier which are fixed members, FIG. 3 shows a planetary gear and a rotary actuator which are rotating members, and FIG. Shows a sun gear connecting shaft and a ring gear connecting shaft as input / output shafts in a single product diagram.

As shown in the upper left view of FIG. 1 which is a longitudinal sectional view of the entire speed increasing / decreasing device along the axial direction, the speed increasing / decreasing device according to the present invention extends from the front to the rear in the housing 1 (for the sake of convenience, the right side of the figure is the front side). , The left side is the rear, and the transmission is a combination of a plurality of stages (three stages in this embodiment). As shown in the cross sections A1-A1 and BB, the planetary gear mechanism of each stage includes a sun gear SG placed at the center, a ring gear RG composed of internal gears provided around the sun gear SG, and these gears. And three planetary gears PG interposed therebetween.
Here, a sun gear connecting shaft 2 in which a sun gear SG of the first stage planetary gear mechanism is formed is installed at the front end of the speed reducer. This shaft is connected to the center hole 11 of the front end wall portion of the housing 1. (Refer to FIG. 2) and the bearing is provided in the radial direction, and the flange portion provided on the outer periphery contacts the front end wall portion of the housing 1 and is also supported in the thrust direction (second invention) . Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a small-diameter central shaft 21 is formed at the tip of the sun gear connecting shaft 2, and the central shaft 21 is fitted into the central hole 43 of the rotary actuator 4, The connecting shaft 2 and the rotary actuator 4 are bearing in the radial direction relative to each other (see the longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 1 : third invention ).

In the present invention (basic structure) , the planetary gear PG is a gear formed by juxtaposing a large-diameter gear PG1 and a small-diameter gear PG2 in the axial direction (see FIG. 3). In the first-stage planetary gear mechanism, The large-diameter gear PG1 meshes with the sun gear SG of the sun gear connecting shaft 2 (section A1-A1), and the small-diameter gear PG2 meshes with the ring gear RG (section BB). The three planetary gears PG are fitted on a support shaft 31 erected on the carrier 3 and are rotatably supported. The carrier 3 is fixed to the housing 1 so as not to rotate. Therefore, the planetary gear PG functions as a two-stage reduction gear of a gear train that transmits power from the sun gear SG to the ring gear RG.

As shown in FIG. 2, which is a single product diagram, the carrier 3 is a disk-shaped part having a support shaft 31 upright on the rear surface, and three protrusions 32 that fit into the groove of the housing 1 on the outer periphery thereof. Are formed at an angular interval of 120 ° (first invention) . In this embodiment, as shown in the housing diagram of FIG. 2, a total of nine grooves 12 are formed as grooves into which the protrusions 32 are fitted so as to correspond to the three carriers 3 provided in the speed increasing / decreasing device. Is formed in the housing 1.
The groove 12 of the housing 1 is composed of three sets of grooves 12A, 12B, and 12C. Each set of grooves has an angular interval of 120 °, and the axial length corresponds to the position where the carrier 3 is installed. Set to the length to be. That is, the groove 12A into which the protrusion 32 of the first-stage carrier 3 is fitted extends from the open end of the housing 1 to the front end wall portion. The groove 12B into which the protrusion 32 of the second-stage carrier 3 is fitted is formed at an angular position having a phase difference of 60 ° with respect to the groove 12A, with an axial length of about 2/3 of the groove 12A. The groove 12C into which the protrusion 32 of the carrier 3 is fitted is formed at an angular position having a phase difference of 30 ° with respect to the groove 12A, with an axial length of about 1/3 of the groove 12A.

  When the groove 12 is configured as described above, each of the plurality of carriers is fitted into a dedicated groove, and the protrusion 32 is formed in the groove 12 by pushing the carrier 3 in the axial direction during manufacture and assembly of the speed reducer. Each carrier 3 is automatically positioned with respect to the housing 1 in contact with the end, and the carrier 3 is fixed to the housing 1 at that position. The planetary gear PG and the rotating actuator 4 supported by the carrier 3 are stably rotated with the interval maintained at a set value, and the power transmission loss in the speed reducer does not increase. Since each carrier 3 is assembled to the housing 1 in this way, the second stage planetary gear PG has a phase difference of 60 ° with respect to the first stage (section A2-A2 in FIG. 1). ) The third stage planetary gear PG is arranged at a position (cross section A3-A3 in FIG. 1) having a phase difference of 30 °.

A ring gear RG, which is an internal gear that meshes with the small-diameter gear PG2 of the planetary gear PG, is formed on the rotary actuator 4 shown in FIG. The rotary actuator 4 is a disk-shaped component in which a ring gear RG is formed in the peripheral portion on the front surface side, and the central axis of the actuator provided with the next stage sun gear SG in the center on the rear surface side. 41 is erected. The actuator central shaft 41 is a shaft having the same shape as the front portion of the sun gear connecting shaft 2, and a small-diameter central shaft 42 is formed at the tip, and the central shaft 42 is the next stage rotary actuator. 4 is fitted into the center hole 43. Further, as shown in the longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 1, the rotary actuator 4 has a disk-shaped front surface abutting against the tip of the support shaft 31 of the carrier 3 and is supported in the thrust direction, and the actuator central axis. 41 is inserted into the center hole 33 (see FIG. 2) of the carrier 3 and is also supported in the radial direction. Incidentally, the sun gear connecting shaft 2 is also provided with a radial bearing by a flange portion provided on the outer periphery being fitted into the center hole of the carrier.
A ring gear RG of the last stage planetary gear mechanism is disposed at the rear end of the speed increasing / decreasing device, and this ring gear RG is a disc in the ring gear connecting shaft 5 (see FIGS. 1 and 4) disposed at the rear end. Formed on the periphery of the shaped portion. The ring gear connecting shaft 5 has a disk-shaped portion whose rear surface is in contact with a lid body 6 fitted into the rear end of the housing 1 and shielding the open end, and a central shaft portion is a central hole of the lid body 6. And is supported in the thrust direction and radial direction.

Next, the operation of the speed increasing / decreasing device of the present invention will be described based on the overall view of FIG.
When the sun gear SG of the first stage planetary gear mechanism is rotated by the rotation of the sun gear connecting shaft 2 at the front end of the speed reducer, the large-diameter gear PG1 of the planetary gear PG meshing with the sun gear SG is rotated in the reverse direction. Further, the ring gear RG that meshes with the small-diameter gear PG21 of the planetary gear PG is rotationally driven. In this embodiment, the number of teeth of each gear is set to 9 for the sun gear SG, 12 for the large gear PG1 of the planetary gear PG, 9 for the small gear PG2, and 30 for the ring gear RG. The speed change ratio (sun gear SG rotation speed / ring gear RG rotation speed) of the planetary gear mechanism is −40/9 by the above-described formula.
That is, the planetary gear PG fitted on the support shaft 31 of the fixed carrier 3 functions as a two-stage reduction gear, and the ring gear RG rotates in the reverse direction at a speed of 9/40 of the sun gear SG. Since the speed reducer is combined with a three-stage planetary gear mechanism, the rotational speed of the ring gear connecting shaft 5 at the rear end is (9/40) ³ ≈ 1/88 of the rotational speed of the sun gear connecting shaft 2. When decelerated and used as a speed increaser, a high speed increase ratio of about 88 times can be obtained. Incidentally, each gear in this embodiment is a cycloid gear having a high tooth strength based on a cycloid tooth curve.

In the speed reducer of the present invention, the planetary gear PG is supported by the carrier 3 fixed to the housing 1 even when two gears are arranged in parallel. There is no persuasion. Further, the rotary actuator 4 provided with the ring gear RG and the next stage sun gear SG is supported in the thrust direction and the radial direction by the fixed carrier 3, and the central shaft and the central portion provided at the front end and the rear end are provided. The rotary actuators are mutually bearing by the holes. Therefore, the rotating members such as the gears of the speed reducer rotate stably without causing a swing or the like, so that the frictional resistance is very small and the power transmission loss in the speed reducer is reduced.
In particular, when the ring gear connecting shaft 5 is used as an input shaft, the sun gear connecting shaft 2 is used as an output shaft, and the speed reducer is operated as a speed up gear, the torque of the output shaft is amplified and acts on the input shaft. In the speed increase / decrease device of the present invention, smooth rotation of the power and speed-up operation can be realized as a result of each rotating member rotating stably without causing a swing or the like.

  By the way, the speed increasing / decreasing apparatus of the present invention can be operated as a normal speed increasing / decreasing speed by interposing it in the power transmission system. Accordingly, the present invention can be applied to a functional component that controls the power transmission state. In the following, an embodiment will be described in which the speed increasing device of the present invention is used as a speed increasing device and functional parts used in various devices are configured.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which the speed increase / decrease device of the present invention is applied to a torque limiter disposed in a power transmission system in order to protect a motor of a drive source.
In the torque limiter of FIG. 5, the flange portion 1F is provided in the housing 1 of the speed increasing / decreasing device of the present invention, and the flange portion 1F is fixed to the transmission gear TG with a screw. The transmission gear TG meshes with a driven gear DG that transmits power to the load side, and the ring gear connecting shaft 5 is connected to a motor (not shown) that drives the load. Magnet type torque limiting means TL is installed between the housing 1 and the sun gear connecting shaft 2, which includes a permanent magnet fixed to the sun gear connecting shaft 2 and a magnetic material fixed to the housing 1. It has become the opposite.

When the torque transmitted from the drive motor to the driven gear DG via the ring gear connecting shaft 5 and the transmission gear TG is small, when the ring gear connecting shaft 5 rotates, the permanent magnet of the torque limiting means TL and the magnetic material The sun gear connecting shaft 2 and the housing 1 are rotated by the suction force between them. Therefore, the housing 1 is substantially integrated with the ring gear connecting shaft 5 and transmits power to the driven gear DG. On the other hand, if the transmission torque between the housing 1 and the sun gear connecting shaft 2 exceeds a predetermined value due to an abnormality occurring on the load side and the rotation of the driven gear DG being stopped, the permanent magnet is attracted. As a result, the sun gear connecting shaft 2 idles with respect to the housing 1 and power transmission is interrupted.
In this torque limiter device, the speed increaser / decelerator of the present invention is used as a speed increaser, and the torque of the sun gear connecting shaft 2 on which the torque limiting means TL is installed is greatly reduced compared to the torque of the ring gear connecting shaft 5. ing. Therefore, even if the torque limiting means TL is small, it can be used for a power transmission system that transmits a large torque. In this embodiment, a magnet type is used as the torque limiting means. However, another torque limiting means such as a spring interposed between the housing and the sun gear connecting shaft may be employed.

In FIG. 6, the speed increase / decrease device according to the present invention is prevented from an impact caused by an abrupt operation in a revolving door of a building that is opened and closed by a hinge, an open / close lid of a copying machine, or a take-up device for a stage book. The Example applied to the operating speed reduction apparatus is shown.
In the operating speed reduction device of FIG. 6, an operation target member such as a hinged rotary door is connected to the ring gear connecting shaft 5, the housing 1 is fixed, and the sun gear connecting shaft 2 has a rotational speed of a predetermined value. When it reaches, centrifugal resistance applying means CL for applying resistance to the rotation of the shaft is installed. The centrifugal resistance applying means CL is a boss that fixes a rubber body RB having a circular cross section to the tip of the arm AM and a root of the arm AM to the sun gear connecting shaft 2 as shown in the arrow view of the AA cross section. A tension spring SP is installed between the arm AM and the boss portion.

When a member such as a revolving door is manually operated, the ring gear connecting shaft 5 rotates, the rotation thereof is increased, and the sun gear connecting shaft 2 rotates at a high speed. The rubber body RB spreads outward with the base of the arm AM as a fulcrum against the tension spring SP by the action of centrifugal force, and comes into contact with the surrounding housing 1 when a predetermined rotational speed is reached. Therefore, a resistance torque acts on the sun gear connecting shaft 2, which is amplified and becomes a resistance torque when operating the operation target member such as a rotary door, and the opening / closing speed by manual operation is reduced. When the operating speed of the revolving door or the like increases, the friction between the rubber body RB and the housing 1 increases and the resistance torque increases, so that the operating speed becomes a substantially constant value.
The operating speed reduction device in FIG. 6 is one in which frictional resistance works to reduce the speed when a predetermined rotational speed is exceeded, but other resistance applying means (similar to the torque limiting means in FIG. 5). It is also possible to always provide resistance torque. By using the speed increasing / decreasing device of the present invention for the operating speed reduction device, it is possible to give a large resistance torque to the member to be operated even if the resistance applying means is small.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is a centrifugal clutch that connects and disconnects power transmission at a predetermined rotational speed by using a combination of two speed increase / decreases with the same structure.
As shown in FIG. 7, in this centrifugal clutch, the ring gear connecting shaft 5 on the left side of the drawing serves as an input shaft and operates as a speed increaser, and the ring gear connecting shaft 5 on the right side of the drawing. The other speed increasing / decreasing device that operates as a speed reducer with '′ as an output shaft is arranged back to back, and the flange portions formed on the housings 1 and 1 ′ of both speed increasing / decreasing devices are abutted and combined. Centrifugal clutch means CC for connecting or blocking between the sun gear connecting shaft 2 of the speed increaser and the sun gear connecting shaft 2 ′ of the speed reducer is provided at the center.

The centrifugal clutch means CC includes an arm-like weight W pivotally attached to the sun gear connecting shaft 2 of the speed increaser, as shown in the AA sectional arrow view, and the sun gear connecting shaft 2 ′ of the speed reducer. 6 having a structure similar to that of the centrifugal resistance imparting means of FIG. 6 disposed opposite to the annular peripheral wall formed between the weight W and the sun gear connecting shaft 2. Installed. When it rotates as the input shaft, the sun gear connecting shaft 2 rotates at a high speed. However, when the rotation speed exceeds a predetermined value, the arm-shaped weight W spreads outward, and the sun gear connecting shaft 2 ' Abut against the wall. At this time, the sun gear connecting shaft 2 'rotates due to friction between the weight W and the surrounding wall, the rotation is decelerated, and the ring gear connecting shaft 5' serving as the output shaft has the same rotational speed as the input shaft. Rotate with. When the rotational speed of the input shaft falls below a predetermined value, the weight W is pulled by the tension spring and is separated from the annular peripheral wall, and power transmission from the input shaft to the output shaft is interrupted.
In this centrifugal clutch, even if the centrifugal clutch means CC is small, it can be used for a power transmission system that transmits a large torque. Since the rotation is performed in the sun gear coupling shaft 2 in which the rotation speed of the gear coupling shaft 5 is increased, the accuracy of the rotation speed at which the power transmission is interrupted / contacted is improved.

  As described above in detail, the present invention is a small-sized transmission device in which a plurality of planetary gear mechanisms are combined, uses a two-stage reduction gear for the planetary gear, increases the transmission ratio, and fixes the carrier to the housing to A speed change action is executed between the gear and the ring gear, and a rotating part such as a gear is supported by a carrier to prevent rocking and the like, thereby enabling a smooth operation as an speed increase / decrease device. In the above embodiment, each gear in the planetary gear mechanism is formed integrally with each component, but these gears may be assembled to each component using different materials. These two gears may be separately manufactured and combined. In addition, various modifications to the above-mentioned embodiment are adopted, such as adopting involute tooth profile and other special shape tooth profile as the tooth profile curve of each gear, and interposing a rolling bearing or a material having excellent lubricity in the contact part of the rotating part. Obviously it is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Housing 12 Groove 2 Sun gear connecting shaft 3 Carrier 31 Support shaft (of planetary gear)
32 Projection 33 Center hole 4 Rotary actuator 41 Actuator central axis SG Sun gear PG Planetary gear PG1 Large diameter gear (of planetary gear)
PG2 Small diameter gear (of planetary gear)
RG ring gear

Claims (4)

A planetary gear mechanism is configured by a sun gear placed at the center, a ring gear composed of internal gears provided around the sun gear, and a planetary gear interposed between the sun gear and the ring gear. An speed reducer combining a gear mechanism with multiple stages inside the housing,
The planetary gear is provided with a large-diameter gear meshing with the sun gear and a small-diameter gear meshing with the ring gear,
The planetary gear mechanism is provided with a support shaft for pivotally supporting the planetary gear, and a disk-shaped rotation operation provided with a disk-shaped carrier fixed to the housing, the ring gear and the sun gear. The child is placed next to it, and
The ring gear is provided on a peripheral portion of one surface of the rotary actuator, and the sun gear is provided on an actuator central axis formed on the other surface,
The other surface of the rotary actuator is in contact with the surface opposite to the support shaft of the carrier and is supported in the thrust direction, and the central axis of the actuator is fitted in a center hole formed in the carrier. Bearing in the radial direction,
The sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism placed at one end of the speed reducer is provided with a sun gear connecting shaft, and the ring gear of the planetary gear mechanism placed at the other end is provided with a ring gear connecting shaft. And
The speed increasing / decreasing device is characterized in that a protrusion is formed on the outer periphery of the disk-shaped carrier, and a groove for fitting the protrusion is formed on the inner surface of the housing so as to extend in the axial direction. The groove into which the protrusion is fitted is formed on the inner surface of the housing, wherein a plurality of grooves set to axial lengths corresponding to each of the disk-shaped carriers in the multi-stage planetary gear mechanism are formed. The speed increase / decrease device according to 1. A planetary gear mechanism is configured by a sun gear placed at the center, a ring gear composed of internal gears provided around the sun gear, and a planetary gear interposed between the sun gear and the ring gear. An speed reducer combining a gear mechanism with multiple stages inside the housing,
The planetary gear is provided with a large-diameter gear meshing with the sun gear and a small-diameter gear meshing with the ring gear,
The planetary gear mechanism is provided with a support shaft for pivotally supporting the planetary gear, and a disk-shaped rotation operation provided with a disk-shaped carrier fixed to the housing, the ring gear and the sun gear. The child is placed next to it, and
The ring gear is provided on a peripheral portion of one surface of the rotary actuator, and the sun gear is provided on an actuator central axis formed on the other surface,
The other surface of the rotary actuator is in contact with the surface opposite to the support shaft of the carrier and is supported in the thrust direction, and the central axis of the actuator is fitted in a center hole formed in the carrier. Bearing in the radial direction,
The sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism placed at one end of the speed reducer is provided with a sun gear connecting shaft, and the ring gear of the planetary gear mechanism placed at the other end is provided with a ring gear connecting shaft. And
The sun gear connecting shaft is supported in a radial direction on a wall portion formed at one end in the axial direction of the housing, and the ring gear connecting shaft is fitted on a lid body fitted into the other end in the axial direction of the housing. Booster and reducer bearings in the thrust and radial directions. A planetary gear mechanism is configured by a sun gear placed at the center, a ring gear composed of internal gears provided around the sun gear, and a planetary gear interposed between the sun gear and the ring gear. An speed reducer combining a gear mechanism with multiple stages inside the housing,
The planetary gear is provided with a large-diameter gear meshing with the sun gear and a small-diameter gear meshing with the ring gear,
The planetary gear mechanism is provided with a support shaft for pivotally supporting the planetary gear, and a disk-shaped rotation operation provided with a disk-shaped carrier fixed to the housing, the ring gear and the sun gear. The child is placed next to it, and
The ring gear is provided on a peripheral portion of one surface of the rotary actuator, and the sun gear is provided on an actuator central axis formed on the other surface,
The other surface of the rotary actuator is in contact with the surface opposite to the support shaft of the carrier and is supported in the thrust direction, and the central axis of the actuator is fitted in a center hole formed in the carrier. Bearing in the radial direction,
The sun gear of the planetary gear mechanism placed at one end of the speed reducer is provided with a sun gear connecting shaft, and the ring gear of the planetary gear mechanism placed at the other end is provided with a ring gear connecting shaft. And
A small-diameter central shaft is provided at the tip of the sun gear connecting shaft and the tip of the actuator central axis of the rotary actuator, and at the rear end of the ring gear connecting shaft and the rear end of the rotary operator, An speed reducer provided with a central hole into which the central shaft is fitted.

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