DE10318945B3 - Planetary gearing, for a wind energy generator, has a bearing structure where the load from the external rotor is minimized on the bearings and gear components to increase their life - Google Patents
Planetary gearing, for a wind energy generator, has a bearing structure where the load from the external rotor is minimized on the bearings and gear components to increase their life Download PDFInfo
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- DE10318945B3 DE10318945B3 DE10318945A DE10318945A DE10318945B3 DE 10318945 B3 DE10318945 B3 DE 10318945B3 DE 10318945 A DE10318945 A DE 10318945A DE 10318945 A DE10318945 A DE 10318945A DE 10318945 B3 DE10318945 B3 DE 10318945B3
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
- F16H57/043—Guidance of lubricant within rotary parts, e.g. axial channels or radial openings in shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
- F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
- F16C23/02—Sliding-contact bearings
- F16C23/04—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members
- F16H1/22—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H1/227—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts comprising two or more gearwheels in mesh with the same internally toothed wheel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
- F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
- F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
- F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/26—Special means compensating for misalignment of axes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/2809—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion with means for equalising the distribution of load on the planet-wheels
- F16H1/2836—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion with means for equalising the distribution of load on the planet-wheels by allowing limited movement of the planets relative to the planet carrier or by using free floating planets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/46—Systems consisting of a plurality of gear trains each with orbital gears, i.e. systems having three or more central gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0479—Gears or bearings on planet carriers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0482—Gearings with gears having orbital motion
- F16H57/0486—Gearings with gears having orbital motion with fixed gear ratio
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Getriebeanordnung für eine Windenergieanlage (WEA), mit einem rotierenden, gelagerten Planetenhohlrad, auf in einer feststehenden Planetenträgerplatte befestigten Planetenbolzen gelagerten Planetenrädern und einem Sonnenrad, die den besonderen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Zahneingriffsgüte aufgrund der großen äußeren Kräfte und Momente gerecht wird.The The invention relates to a gear arrangement for a wind energy installation (wind turbine), with a rotating, mounted planet ring gear, in a fixed Satellite carrier plate attached planet bolts, planet gears and a sun gear due to the special requirements regarding the meshing quality the great external forces and Moments.
Die Entwicklung von WEA in den letzten Jahrzehnten führte zu stetig steigenden Leistungen, wobei der Trend zu immer kompakteren und leichteren Einheiten anhielt. Dieser Trend hat dazu geführt, dass die in der WEA eingebauten Komponenten zunehmend größeren Verformungen auch in lastübertragenden Teilen ausgesetzt werden. Diese größeren Verformungen, insbesondere unter dynamischen Belastungen, führen vor allem bei Lagern und Getriebeteilen zu örtlich teilweise unzulässig starken lokalen Spannungsüberhöhungen. Und diese wiederum haben eine deutlich Verminderung der Lebensdauer der Komponenten zur Folge. Bei Lagern und Getrieberädern können schon ein Versatz in der Verzahnung oder eine Laufbahnabweichung der Wälzkörper von 10 bis 25 μm durch Verkippungen aufgrund von äußeren Kräften und Momenten zu einer so großen Überlastung führen, das die Bauteile schon nach sehr kurzer Zeit versagen und damit zu erheblichen finanziellen Schäden führen. Ferner hat sich in den letzten Jahren gezeigt, dass eine gezielte Schmierung der Zahneingriffe und der Lager notwendig ist, um die gewünschte Lebensdauer zu erreichen. Getriebe- und Lagerschäden haben in den vergangenen Jahren einige WEA-Hersteller an den Rand des Konkurses geführt. Auch Betreiber von WEA und Versicherer sind von den Schäden finanziell betroffen.The Development of wind turbines in recent decades has led to steadily increasing performances, whereby the trend towards ever more compact and lighter units continued. This trend has meant that the components installed in the wind turbine are increasingly deformed also in load-transferring Exposed to parts. These larger deformations, in particular under dynamic loads especially in the case of bearings and gear parts that are locally too impermissibly strong local voltage spikes. And these in turn have a significant reduction in the lifespan of the components. With bearings and gear wheels can already an offset in the toothing or a raceway deviation of the rolling elements of 10 up to 25 μm due to tilting due to external forces and Moments to such a large overload to lead, that the components fail after a very short time and thus to significant financial damage to lead. Furthermore, it has been shown in recent years that a targeted Lubrication of the meshes and the bearings is necessary to the desired To achieve lifespan. Gearbox and bearing damage have occurred in recent years some wind turbine manufacturers led to the brink of bankruptcy. Also Wind turbine operators and insurers are financially responsible for the damage affected.
Gerade bei der zunehmenden Größe der WEA ist es notwendig, wirksame Abhilfemaßnahmen gegen die unvermeidlichen Verformungen bei gleichzeitiger Kompaktheit des Maschinensatzes zu realisieren. Dazu sind in der Vergangenheit schon verschiedene Vorschläge gemacht worden.Just with the increasing size of the wind turbines it is necessary to take effective remedial measures against the inevitable Deformations while the machine set is compact to realize. In the past, there have been different ones proposals been made.
Durch die WO 02/14690 A1 wird eine Rotorlagerung vorgeschlagen, bei der der Innenring fest über das Getriebehohlrad mit dem Maschinenträger und der Außenring mit der Rotornabe und dem Planetenträger verbunden ist. Diese Anordnung hat den Nachteil, dass der Planetenträger und damit die Planetenräder rotieren und dadurch Verzahnungen und Planetenlager nur unzureichend geschmiert werden können, da die Schmierölübertragung auf das rotierende Teil aufwendig und störanfällig ist. Ferner werden die äußeren Lasten über das Hohlrad auf den Maschinenträger abgeleitet, was dadurch verformt wird und damit einen negativen Einfluss auf die Zahneingriffsgüte zwischen Hohlrad und Planetenrad hat.By WO 02/14690 A1 proposes a rotor bearing in which the inner ring firmly over the gear ring gear with the machine frame and the outer ring is connected to the rotor hub and the planet carrier. This arrangement has the disadvantage that the planet carrier and thus the planet gears rotate and therefore insufficiently lubricated gears and planet bearings can be because the oil transfer on the rotating part is complex and prone to failure. Furthermore, the external loads on the Ring gear on the machine frame derived what is deformed by it and thus a negative Influence on the meshing quality between ring gear and planet gear.
Die WO 02/79644 A1 schlägt doppelte Planetenräder vor, die an einer nachgiebigen Scheibe gelagert sind, um dadurch ungleichmäßigen Zahneingriffbedingungen ausweichen zu können. Auch bei dieser Lösung sind die o. g. Nachteile gegeben, wobei der Bauaufwand noch deutlich erhöht ist.The WO 02/79644 A1 suggests double planet gears before, which are mounted on a flexible disc, thereby uneven meshing conditions to be able to dodge. Even with this solution are the above Disadvantages are given, the construction effort is still significant elevated is.
Mit
der
In der WO 96/11338 A1 wird ebenfalls die Rotorlagerung über den Planetenträgern des Getriebes vorgeschlagen. Dabei wirken sich auch hier die sich aus den äußeren Rotorbelastungen ergebenden Verformungen negativ auf den Verzahnungseingriff aus. Eine Ausgleichsmaß nahme ist nicht vorgesehen, so dass mit einem frühzeitigen Verschleiß der Verzahnungen aufgrund von örtlicher Überbelastung zu rechnen ist.In WO 96/11338 A1 is also the rotor bearing on the planetary carriers of the transmission proposed. This also affects here from the external rotor loads resulting deformations negatively affect the gear engagement. A compensatory measure is not provided, so with premature wear of the gears due to local overload to calculate.
Im Verlauf der Hannover Messe im April 2003 wurde ein Technical Paper: G.P. Fox und E. Jallat, "Use of the integrated Flexpin bearing for improving the performance of epicyclical gear systems" vorgestellt. Darin wird ein zweistufiges Planetengetriebe vorgeschlagen, das sehr kompakt aufgebaut ist, aber den Nachteil hat, dass durch die geometrische Anordnung der beiden Planetenstufen zur Antriebslagerung ein starker Einfluss der äußeren Belastung auf die Zahneingriffsgüte vorliegt. Auch die vorgeschlagene Verwendung von sog. IFB (Integrated Flexpin Bearing) gibt zwar Abhilfe für die Vergleichmäßigung der Belastungen aus Drehmomentübertragung über 5 bzw. 7 Planetenräder, aber nur einen unzureichenden Ausgleich für die vorliegenden Verformungen aus Rotorbelastungen.in the During the Hanover Fair in April 2003, a technical paper was: G. P. Fox and E. Jallat, "Use of the integrated Flexpin bearing for improving the performance of epicyclical gear systems ". It proposes a two-stage planetary gear, the is very compact, but has the disadvantage that Geometric arrangement of the two planetary stages for drive mounting a strong influence of external stress on the meshing quality is present. The proposed use of so-called IFB (Integrated Flexpin Bearing) provides a remedy for the equalization of the Loads from torque transmission over 5 or 7 planet gears, but only insufficient compensation for the existing deformations from rotor loads.
Alle diese Vorschläge schaffen keine vollkommene Abhilfe für die o.g. Probleme.All these suggestions do not provide a complete remedy for the above Problems.
Die Grenzen der fertigungstechnischen Machbarkeit für Großlager und Getriebeverzahnungen für WEA ist mit der 4–5 MW-Klasse in herkömmlicher Bauweise erreicht worden. Rotorlager und Hohlräder von Planetengetrieben mit ca. 3 m Außendurchmesser und Breiten von ca. 500 mm stellen derzeit das Maximum der Herstellbarkeit dar. Mit diesen Abmessungen kann bei Verwendung von drei Planetenrädern maximal das Drehmoment einer ca. 5 MW-Anlage übertragen werden. Die große Zahnbreite führt zu Problemen des gleichmäßigen Eingriffes der Verzahnung über die gesamte Breite der Zähne wenn äußere Belastungen auf diese Bauteile einwirken. Dadurch ist es erforderlich, dass die Planetenräder der ihr aufgezwungenen Verformung, vor allem der Verkippung um die Achsen senkrecht zur Rotationsachse der Planetenräder, ausweichen können, um die Zahneingriffe in allen Lastsituation möglichst optimal also gleichmäßig über die Zahnbreite stattfinden zu lassen.The limits of the manufacturing feasibility for large bearings and gear teeth for wind turbines have been reached with the 4-5 MW class in a conventional design. Rotor bearings and ring gears of planetary gears with approx. 3 m outside Diameters and widths of approx. 500 mm currently represent the maximum producibility. With these dimensions, the maximum torque of an approx. 5 MW system can be transmitted when using three planetary gears. The large tooth width leads to problems of uniform engagement of the toothing over the entire width of the teeth when external loads act on these components. This means that the planet gears can avoid the deformation that is forced on them, especially the tilting around the axes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the planet gears, in order to allow the tooth meshes to take place optimally in all load situations, ie evenly across the tooth width.
Ferner besteht bei herkömmlichen Planentengetrieben das Problem, dass die Planetenräder rotieren und damit eine kontrollierte Versorgung der Planetenlager und der Zahneingriffe mit dem Schmierstoff schwierig ist.Further exists with conventional Planet-driven the problem that the planet gears rotate and thus a controlled supply to the planetary bearings and the Gearing with the lubricant is difficult.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei der gewünschten Kompaktheit der Triebstrangeinheit, bestehend aus Rotorlagerung und Getriebe, die negative Wirkung der äußeren Rotorbelastungen auf die Lager und die Getriebekomponenten zu minimieren, um die vorgesehene Lebensdauer zu erreichen.task the invention is, given the desired compactness of the drive train unit, consisting of rotor bearing and gear, the negative effect of the external rotor loads on the bearings and gear components to minimize the to achieve the intended service life.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass sich die vordere Getriebelagerung des Planetenhohlrades in einer Ebene oder nahezu in einer Ebene mit der Mittelebene der Getriebeverzahnung angeordnet ist, die Planetenträgerplatte fest mit dem Getriebegehäuse verbunden ist und die Planetenräder auf den mit der Planetenträgerplatte fest verbundenen Planetenbolzen taumelgelagert sind. Dabei können die Planetenräder senkrecht zu ihrer Rotationsachse begrenzte Verdrehungen ausführen.According to the invention Task solved by that the front gearbox bearing of the planetary ring gear is in one level or almost in one level with the central level of the gear teeth is arranged, the planet carrier plate firmly with the gearbox is connected and the planet gears on the one with the planet carrier plate firmly connected planet bolts are swash-bearing. The planetary gears Make limited twists perpendicular to their axis of rotation.
Das vordere Getriebelager, das die Lasteinleitung der Querkräfte und ggf. der Axialkräfte und Biegemomente in das Getriebegehäuse vornimmt, ist so angeordnet, dass der Außenring des Lagers mit dem Gehäuse ortsfest verbunden ist und der Innenring des Lagers in einer Ebene, möglichst mittig zur Verzahnung direkt oder indirekt mit dem Hohlrad der ersten Getriebestufe verbunden ist. Somit wird das Hohlrad direkt durch die Nabe oder die Antriebswelle vom Rotor der WEA angetrieben. Durch diese geometrische Anordnung wirken sich vor allem die Biegemomente des Rotors so aus, dass es nur zu einer geringen Verkippung des Hohlrades quer zur Rotationsachse führt, ohne dass es zu größeren radialen Verschiebungen in dem Bereich der Zahneingriffe kommt. Damit ist die Voraussetzung geschaffen, dass nur noch ein geringfügiger Winkelausgleich der Planetenrädereinstellung erfolgen muss, um den Zahneingriff unter allen Lastsituationen optimal stattfinden zu lassen. Die Planetenräder der ersten Stufe sind dabei über eine Drehlagerung in Verbindung mit einem Taumellagerelement auf dem Planetenbolzen angebracht, wobei diese wiederum ortsfest in einer Planetenträgerplatte befestigt sind, die wiederum mit dem Gehäuse verbunden ist. Zweck des Taumellagerelements ist es, dem Planetenrad bei Verkippen des Hohlrades eine gleichsinnige Bewegung zu ermöglichen. Das dafür notwendige Moment auf das Taumellagerelement entsteht durch die nicht konstante Linienbelastung am Zahneingriff während des Kantentragens. So kann sich das Planetenrad bei Winkelabweichungen zwischen den Achsen sauber zu dem Hohlrad positionieren und stellt eine relativ gleichmäßige Linienlast ein. Die Sonne wiederum passt sich den Planetenrädern an und gewährleistet so ebenfalls ein konstantes Tragen. Mit Hilfe eines solchen Taumellagerelementes kann das schädliche Kantentragen der Verzahnung effektiver vermieden werden. Die Drehlagerung der Planetenräder kann durch Wälzlager oder Gleitlager realisiert werden. Um die erforderliche taumelnde Drehfähigkeit der Planetenräder zu erreichen, ist z. B. eine sphärische Gleitlagerlagerung oder die Verwendung einer Elastomerbuchse in Verbindung mit einem separaten Drehlager vorteilhaft. Die sphärische Gleitlagerung zeichnet sich aufgrund der großen Gleitfläche durch hohe radiale Steifigkeit und aufgrund der ungehinderten Drehfähigkeit durch geringe Rückstellmomente bei Taumelbewegungen aus. Die Verwendung von Elastomerbuchsen mit separaten Drehlagern zeichnet sich durch eine geringfügige radiale Ausgleichsfähigkeit aus, wodurch bei der Verwendung einer Vielzahl von Planetenrädern ein wirksamer Ausgleich von Fertigungstoleranzen der Bauteile stattfindet und es zu einer Vergleichmäßigung der Lastverteilung unter der Vielzahl der Planetenräder kommt. Beide Lagerungen ermöglichen das Verkippen der Planetenräder quer zu ihrer Rotationsachse, wodurch sie sich den Verformungen des Hohlrades problemlos einstellen, ohne dass größere Bauteilbeanspruchungen in den Komponenten auftreten oder ungleichmäßiges Flankentragen der Zahneingriffe mit den beschriebenen Nachteilen stattfindet. Durch die ortsfest stehenden Planetenbolzen kann auf einfache und betriebssichere Weise die Planetenverzahnung und die Planetenlagerung mit dem erforderlichen Schmierstoff versorgt werden, ohne aufwendige Dreheinführung in rotierende Teile verwenden zu müssen. Damit ist eine Konstruktion geschaffen, die einen optimalen Lastenausgleich schafft, zu minimalen Strukturbeanspruchungen führt und eine exakte Schmierung der Planetenlagerungen und Zahneingriffe ermöglicht und damit eine hohe Betriebssicherheit und lange Lebensdauer gewährleistet.The front gearbox bearing that loads and shear loads if necessary, the axial forces and makes bending moments in the gear housing, is arranged that the outer ring of the bearing with the housing is fixedly connected and the inner ring of the bearing in one plane, preferably centered on the toothing directly or indirectly with the ring gear of the first Gear stage is connected. The ring gear is thus directly through the hub or drive shaft is driven by the rotor of the wind turbine. By This geometrical arrangement mainly affects the bending moments of the rotor so that there is only a slight tilting of the Ring gear leads transversely to the axis of rotation without causing major radial displacements comes in the area of the meshes. This is the prerequisite created that only a slight angle compensation of the planetary gear setting must take place in order to optimally mesh the teeth under all load situations to take place. The planetary gears of the first stage are over one Pivot bearing in connection with a wobble bearing element on the Planet bolts attached, these in turn fixed in a planet carrier plate are attached, which in turn is connected to the housing. Purpose of Swash bearing element is the planet gear when tilting the ring gear to enable a movement in the same direction. The necessary for that Moment on the swash bearing element arises from the non-constant Line load on the tooth mesh while wearing the edge. So the planetary gear can deviate in the event of angular deviations between the axes position neatly to the ring gear and provide a relatively even line load on. The sun in turn adapts to the planet wheels and ensures so also constant wearing. With the help of such a wobble bearing element can do the harmful Edge wear of the gearing can be avoided more effectively. The pivot bearing the planet gears can by rolling bearings or plain bearings can be realized. To the required tumbling turning ability the planet gears to achieve is z. B. a spherical Plain bearing or the use of an elastomer bushing in Connection with a separate pivot bearing advantageous. The spherical plain bearing stands out due to the large sliding surface due to high radial rigidity and due to the unobstructed turning ability due to low restoring moments with wobble movements. The use of elastomer bushings with separate pivot bearings are characterized by a slight radial absorbing capacity off, resulting in the use of a variety of planet gears effective compensation of manufacturing tolerances of the components takes place and it evens out the Load distribution comes under the multitude of planet gears. Both positions enable tilting the planet gears transverse to their axis of rotation, causing them to deform of the ring gear can be adjusted easily without major component stress in the components or uneven flanking of the tooth mesh with the disadvantages described. Through the fixed standing planet bolts can be done in a simple and reliable manner the planet gearing and the planetary bearing with the required Lubricant can be supplied without complex rotary introduction into rotating Need to use parts. This creates a construction that provides optimal load balancing creates minimal structural stress and precise lubrication the planetary bearings and meshes and thus a high Operational safety and long life guaranteed.
In den meisten der Anwendungsfälle von Planetengetrieben werden drei Planetenräder eingesetzt, da dadurch einfach eine gleichmäßige Lastverteilung sichergestellt werden kann. Wenn es aber gelingt, eine größere Anzahl von Planetenrädern konstruktiv so unterzubringen, dass eine gute Lastverteilung gegeben ist, können bei gegebenem Hohlraddurchmesser und Zahnbreite deutlich höhere Drehmomente und Leistungen übertragen werden. Oder es kann bei gegebenen Drehmoment und Hohlraddurchmesser die Zahnbreite vermindert werden, was zu einer Verminderung der Probleme mit einem exakten Zahneingriff unter äußeren Lasten führt.In most of the applications of planetary gears, three planet gears are used, as this simply means an even load distribution division can be ensured. However, if it is possible to constructively accommodate a larger number of planet gears in such a way that there is a good load distribution, significantly higher torques and powers can be transmitted for a given ring gear diameter and tooth width. Or the tooth width can be reduced for a given torque and ring gear diameter, which leads to a reduction in the problems with an exact tooth engagement under external loads.
Nachteilig bei der Verwendung einer größeren Anzahl von Planetenrädern ist die Abnahme des möglichen Übersetzungsverhältnisses. Wenn also eine höhere Übersetzung erforderlich ist muss eine zweite Stufe, sinnvoller Weise eine weitere Planetenstufe dahinter geschaltet werden. Dabei wird z. B. das Sonnenrad der ersten Stufe mit dem Hohlrad der zweiten Stufe verbunden. Dadurch hat dann auch die zweite Stufe ortsfeste Planetenräder, die einfach und wirkungsvoll geschmiert werden können.adversely when using a larger number of planet gears is the decrease in the possible gear ratio. So if a higher translation a second stage is required, a further stage is advisable Planetary stage behind it. Here, for. B. the sun gear the first stage connected to the ring gear of the second stage. Thereby then also has the second stage of fixed planet gears, the can be lubricated easily and effectively.
Wenn das vordere Getriebelager als Momentenlager ausgeführt wird, das in der Lage ist, die Rotorkräfte und -momente alleine zu übertragen, baut die komplette Rotorlager- und Getriebeeinheit sehr kompakt, leicht und kostengünstig. Das Getriebegehäuse wird dann gleichzeitig zum Maschinengehäuse der kompletten WEA, an dem dann auch alle weiteren Komponenten angebaut werden können.If the front gearbox bearing is designed as a torque bearing, that is able to handle the rotor forces to transmit and moments alone, builds the complete rotor bearing and gear unit very compact, easy and inexpensive. The gearbox then becomes the machine housing of the complete wind turbine at the same time which can then also be used to add all other components.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand einer Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung wiedergebenden Zeichnung erläutert. Dabei zeigt:The In the following, the invention is based on an exemplary embodiment of the invention reproducing drawing explained. It shows:
Claims (10)
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DE10318945A DE10318945B3 (en) | 2003-04-26 | 2003-04-26 | Planetary gearing, for a wind energy generator, has a bearing structure where the load from the external rotor is minimized on the bearings and gear components to increase their life |
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DE10318945A DE10318945B3 (en) | 2003-04-26 | 2003-04-26 | Planetary gearing, for a wind energy generator, has a bearing structure where the load from the external rotor is minimized on the bearings and gear components to increase their life |
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