JP5862079B2 - Organic electroluminescence element, display device and lighting device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element, and more particularly to an organic electroluminescence element excellent in luminous efficiency, luminous lifetime and driving voltage, and a display device and an illumination device using the same.

Conventionally, as a light-emitting electronic display device, there is an electroluminescence display (hereinafter referred to as ELD). Examples of the constituent elements of ELD include inorganic electroluminescent elements and organic electroluminescent elements (hereinafter also referred to as organic EL elements).
Inorganic electroluminescent elements have been used as planar light sources, but an alternating high voltage is required to drive the light emitting elements.
On the other hand, an organic EL element has a structure in which a light emitting layer containing a compound that emits light is sandwiched between a cathode and an anode, and excitons (excitons) are generated by injecting electrons and holes into the light emitting layer and recombining them. The device emits light by utilizing the emission of light (fluorescence, phosphorescence) when the exciton is deactivated, and can emit light at a voltage of several volts to several tens of volts. Furthermore, since the organic EL element is a self-luminous type, the viewing angle is wide, the visibility is high, and the thin film type solid-state element has attracted attention from the viewpoints of space saving and portability. For future practical use, it is desired to develop an organic EL device that emits light with high power, high efficiency and low power consumption.

For example, Japanese Patent No. 3093796 discloses a technique for doping a stilbene derivative, a distyrylarylene derivative or a tristyrylarylene derivative with a trace amount of a phosphor to improve emission luminance and extend the lifetime of the device. It is disclosed.
In addition, an element having an organic light-emitting layer in which an 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex is used as a host compound and a small amount of phosphor is doped to the host compound (for example, JP-A 63-264692), or an 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex is used as a host. As a compound, an element (for example, JP-A-3-255190) having an organic light emitting layer doped with a quinacridone dye is known.

  When light emission from an excited singlet is used as described above, since the generation ratio of singlet excitons and triplet excitons is 1: 3, the generation probability of luminescent excited species is 25%. Since the extraction efficiency is about 20%, the limit of the external extraction quantum efficiency (ηext) is set to 5%.

However, since Princeton University reported on an organic EL device using phosphorescence emission from an excited triplet (MA Baldo et al., Nature, 395, 151-154 (1998)), Research on materials exhibiting phosphorescence is being actively conducted. A. Baldo et al. , Nature, 403, 17, 750-753 (2000), US Pat. No. 6,097,147, and the like.
When the excited triplet is used, the upper limit of the internal quantum efficiency is 100%, so that in principle, the luminous efficiency is four times that of the excited singlet, and there is a possibility that almost the same performance as a cold cathode tube can be obtained. For this reason, it is attracting attention as a lighting application.
For example, S.M. Lamansky et al. , J .; Am. Chem. Soc. , 123, 4304 (2001) and the like, many phosphorescent dopants have been studied mainly with transition metal complexes such as iridium complexes or platinum.
In addition, the aforementioned M.I. A. Baldo et al. , Nature, 403, 17, 750-753 (2000), as a representative example of a dopant (also referred to as a light-emitting material), studies using tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium have been made.

In addition, M.M. E. Thompson et al. In The 10th International Works on Inorganic and Organic Electroluminescence (EL'00, Hamamatsu) used L ₂ Ir (acac), for example, (ppy) ₂ Ir (acac) 0 g, Tetsuo Tsutsui, etc., again The 10th International Workshop on Inorganic and Organic Electroluminescence (EL'00, Hamamatsu), the dopant as tris (2-(p-tolyl) pyridine) iridium (Ir _{(ptpy) 3),} tris ( Studies using benzo [h] quinoline) iridium (Ir (bzq) ₃ ) and the like have also been carried out (note that these metal complexes are generally called orthometalated iridium complexes).
In addition, the S. Lamansky et al. , J .; Am. Chem. Soc. , 123, 4304 (2001) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-247859, etc., attempts have been made to form devices using various iridium complexes.

Although these complexes are also shown below, they are called phosphorescent dopants because they are used after being dispersed and added in the light emitting layer together with the light emitting host material (or simply called the host).
Since the performance (emission efficiency, emission lifetime, emission color, etc.) of organic EL varies greatly depending not only on the dopant but also on the host, the development of both has been energetically performed.
For example, in order to obtain high luminous efficiency, in the 10th International Works on Inorganic and Organic Electroluminescence (EL'00, Hamamatsu), Ikai et al. Uses a hole transporting compound as a host of a phosphorescent compound. In addition, M.M. E. In Thompson et al., Various electron transport materials are used as phosphorescent compound hosts, and they are doped with a novel iridium complex.
In any method, by appropriately selecting the dopant and the host, the light emission brightness and light emission efficiency of the light emitting device are greatly improved compared to conventional devices because the emitted light is derived from phosphorescence. However, the light emission lifetime of the element has a problem that it is shorter than that of a conventional fluorescent element.

  In particular, in the case of a blue light-emitting element, the light emission lifetime is extremely shortened, and a blue dopant that satisfies all of the light emission efficiency, the light emission wavelength, and the light emission lifetime has not yet been found, and its creation is urgent. Along with the development of blue dopants, the development of blue hosts has also been extensively conducted, and in particular, a host of a combination of a carbazole derivative and a dibenzofuran derivative has been studied as a promising material (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

International Publication No. 2011/004639 JP 2009-267255 A

However, these compounds are not sufficient for practical use from the viewpoints of improving the light emission efficiency and the light emission life and suppressing the increase in driving voltage, and further leap forward is required.
Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL element that can realize improvement in luminous efficiency, improvement in light emission lifetime, and suppression of increase in driving voltage. It is to provide a display device and an illumination device using an organic EL element.

In order to solve the above problems, according to the present invention,
There is provided an organic electroluminescence device characterized by containing a compound represented by the general formula (1).

In General Formula (1), R1 to R5 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and Ra and Rb represent an alkyl group or a substituent. Provided that at least one of Ra and Rb represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle or —OR11, which may have a substituent, Ra and Rb are not the same group. When at least one of Ra and Rb represents a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, the 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring does not have a substituent containing a carbazolyl group or an azacarbazolyl group. X represents O, S, —NR 7, —Si (R 8) 2, —CR 9 R 10, A is represented by the general formula (2), and R 7 to R 11 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Or represents an aromatic heterocyclic group.

In general formula (2), X1 to X15 represent N or CRc, RA1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and Rc represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group. Represents.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the organic electroluminescent element of high luminous efficiency, long light emission lifetime, and a low drive voltage can be provided.

It is the schematic perspective view which showed an example of the structure of the display apparatus of this invention. It is the schematic perspective view which showed an example of the structure of the display part A shown in FIG. It is a schematic perspective view which shows an example of the illuminating device using the organic EL element of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the illuminating device using the organic EL element of this invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
<< Constituent layers of organic EL elements >>
The constituent layers of the organic EL element of the present invention will be described.
In this invention, although the preferable specific example of the layer structure of an organic EL element is shown below, this invention is not limited to these.
(I) Anode / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode (ii) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode (iii) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron Transport layer / cathode (iv) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer / cathode (v) Anode / anode buffer layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole Blocking layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer / cathode (vi) anode // hole transport layer / anode buffer layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer / cathode (vii) anode / anode Buffer layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer / cathode

The light emitting layer may form a unit to form a light emitting layer unit. Further, a non-light emitting intermediate layer may be provided between the light emitting layers, and the intermediate layer may include a charge generation layer.
The organic EL element of the present invention preferably emits white light and is preferably a lighting device using these.
Hereinafter, each layer which comprises the organic EL element of this invention is demonstrated.

《Electron transport layer》
The electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer. The electron transport layer can be provided with a single layer or a plurality of layers.
An electron transport material (including a hole blocking material and an electron injection material) used for the electron transport layer only needs to have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer. Can be selected from any conventionally known compounds.

Examples of conventionally known materials used for the electron transport layer (hereinafter referred to as electron transport materials) include heterocyclic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides such as nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, naphthalene perylene, And azacarbazole derivatives including carbodiimide, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, carboline derivatives, and the like. Here, the azacarbazole derivative refers to one in which one or more carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring are replaced with a nitrogen atom.
In the oxadiazole derivative, a thiadiazole derivative in which an oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, or a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron-withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
Furthermore, a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
In addition, metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Alq), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol) aluminum Tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Znq), and the like, and the central metals of these metal complexes are In, Mg, Metal complexes replaced with Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga or Pb can also be used as the electron transport material.
In addition, metal-free or metal phthalocyanine, or those having the terminal substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can also be used as the electron transport material.
Further, similarly to the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, inorganic semiconductors such as n-type-Si and n-type-SiC can also be used as the electron transport material.

The electron transport layer is made of an electron transport material such as a vacuum deposition method, a wet method (also called a wet process, such as a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, The film can be formed by a known thinning method such as a coating method, a curtain coating method, or an LB method (Langmuir Brodgett method).
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the film thickness of an electron carrying layer, Usually, 5 nm-about 5 micrometers, Preferably it is 5 nm-200 nm. This electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
Further, an electron transport layer having a high n property doped with impurities can also be used. For example, JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-10-270172, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.

  Hereinafter, although the specific example of the conventionally well-known compound (electron transport material) preferably used for formation of the electron carrying layer of the organic EL element of this invention is given, this invention is not limited to these.

  In addition, a compound represented by the following general formula (R-1) is more preferably used for forming the electron transport layer of the organic EL device of the present invention.

  In the general formula (R-1), Rr represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group. Rs represents a substituent, and Rs is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and particularly preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group or An aromatic heterocyclic group. z represents an integer of 1 to 7.

<Light emitting layer>
The light emitting layer according to the present invention is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes injected from the electrode, the electron transport layer, or the hole transport layer, and the light emitting portion is in the layer of the light emitting layer. May be the interface between the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer.
The total film thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of improving the uniformity of the film, preventing unnecessary application of high voltage during light emission, and improving the stability of the emission color with respect to the drive current. It is preferably adjusted to a range of 2 nm to 5 μm, more preferably adjusted to a range of 2 nm to 200 nm, and particularly preferably adjusted to a range of 5 nm to 100 nm.
For the formation of the light-emitting layer, a light-emitting dopant or a host compound, which will be described later, is used, for example, a vacuum deposition method, a wet coating method (also called a wet process, such as a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method). , An inkjet method, a printing method, a spray coating method, a curtain coating method, an LB method (Langmuir Brodgett method) and the like.
The light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention contains a light emitting dopant (phosphorescent dopant (also referred to as phosphorescent dopant, phosphorescent dopant group) or fluorescent dopant) compound and a light emitting host compound. Is preferred.

(1) Luminescent dopant compound A luminescent dopant compound (also referred to as a luminescent dopant) will be described.
As the light-emitting dopant, a fluorescent dopant (also referred to as a fluorescent compound) or a phosphorescent dopant (also referred to as a phosphorescent emitter, a phosphorescent compound, a phosphorescent compound, or the like) can be used.

(1.1) Phosphorescent dopant (also called phosphorescent dopant)
The phosphorescent dopant according to the present invention will be described.
The phosphorescent dopant compound according to the present invention is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed, specifically, a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and has a phosphorescence quantum yield of 25. Although it is defined as a compound of 0.01 or more at ° C., a preferable phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more.
The phosphorescence quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopic II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of Experimental Chemistry Course 4 of the 4th edition. Although the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents, the phosphorescence dopant according to the present invention achieves the phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) in any solvent. That's fine.
There are two types of light emission of the phosphorescent dopant in principle.
One is that recombination of carriers occurs on the host compound to which carriers are transported to generate an excited state of the luminescent host compound, and this energy is transferred to the phosphorescent dopant to obtain light emission from the phosphorescent dopant. Energy transfer type.
The other is a carrier trap type in which a phosphorescent dopant serves as a carrier trap, carrier recombination occurs on the phosphorescent dopant, and light emission from the phosphorescent dopant compound is obtained.
In any case, it is a condition that the excited state energy of the phosphorescent dopant is lower than the excited state energy of the host compound.

In the range which does not impair the objective effect of this invention, you may use together the compound etc. which are described in the following patent gazettes in the light emitting layer which concerns on the organic EL element of this invention.
For example, International Publication No. 00/70655, JP 2002-280178, JP 2001-181616, JP 2002-280179, JP 2001-181617, JP 2002-280180, JP 2001-247859 A, JP 2002-299060 A, JP 2001-313178 A, JP 2002-302671 A, JP 2001-345183 A, JP 2002-324679 A, International Publication. No. 02/15645, JP 2002-332291 A, JP 2002-50484 A, JP 2002-332292 A, JP 2002-83684 A, JP 2002-540572 A, JP 2002-2002 A. No. 117978, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-33858 JP, JP-A-2002-170684, JP-A-2002-352960, WO01 / 93642, JP-A-2002-50483, JP-A-2002-1000047, JP-A-2002-173684. JP-A-2002-359082, JP-A-2002-175484, JP-A-2002-363552, JP-A-2002-184582, JP-A-2003-7469, JP-A-2002-525808, JP 2003-7471, JP 2002-525833, JP 2003-31366, JP 2002-226495, JP 2002-234894, JP 2002-2335076, JP 2002 No. 2411751, JP 2001-319779 A. JP, 2001-319780, 2002-62824, 2002-100474, 2002-203679, 2002-343572, 2002-203678, etc. It is.

(1.2) Fluorescent dopants Fluorescent dopants (also referred to as fluorescent compounds) include coumarin dyes, pyran dyes, cyanine dyes, croconium dyes, squalium dyes, oxobenzanthracene dyes, fluorescein dyes, rhodamines. And dyes having a high fluorescence quantum yield, such as laser dyes, and the like, dyes based on dyes, pyrylium dyes, perylene dyes, stilbene dyes, polythiophene dyes, and rare earth complex phosphors.
In addition, the light-emitting dopant may be used in combination of a plurality of types of compounds, or may be a combination of phosphorescent dopants having different structures or a combination of a phosphorescent dopant and a fluorescent dopant.

  Here, specific examples of usable luminescent dopants are given as the luminescent dopant, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(2) Host compound The host compound contained in the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence emission at room temperature (25 ° C) of less than 0.1. A compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of less than 0.01 is preferable.
As the host compound, one type of compound may be used alone, or a plurality of types of compounds may be used in combination.
The light-emitting host compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of structure, but typically, a carbazole derivative, a triarylamine derivative, an aromatic borane derivative, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, a thiophene derivative, a furan derivative, Those having a basic skeleton such as an oligoarylene compound, or a carboline derivative or a diazacarbazole derivative (here, a diazacarbazole derivative is a compound in which at least one carbon atom of a hydrocarbon ring constituting a carboline ring of a carboline derivative is nitrogen Represents an atom substituted with an atom.) And the like.

The host compound used in the present invention may be a low molecular compound, a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, or a low molecular compound having a polymerizable group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group (evaporation polymerizable light emitting host). .
As the host compound, a compound having a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, which prevents emission of longer wavelengths and has a high Tg (glass transition temperature) is preferable.
In the present invention, at least three light emitting layers are provided. The host compound may be different for each light emitting layer, but the same compound can provide excellent driving life characteristics and chromaticity stability. To preferred.
In addition, the host compound preferably has a lowest excited triplet energy (T1) larger than 2.7 eV because higher luminous efficiency can be obtained. The lowest excited triplet energy as used in the present invention refers to the peak energy of an emission band corresponding to the transition between the lowest vibrational bands of a phosphorescence emission spectrum observed at a liquid nitrogen temperature after dissolving a host compound in a solvent.
In the present invention, a compound having a glass transition point of 90 ° C. or higher is preferable, and a compound having a glass transition temperature of 130 ° C. or higher is preferable because excellent driving life characteristics can be obtained.
Here, the glass transition point (Tg) is a value obtained by a method based on JIS-K-7121 using DSC (Differential Scanning Colorimetry).
In the organic EL device of the present invention, since the host material is responsible for carrier transport, a material having carrier transport capability is preferable. Carrier mobility is used as a physical property representing carrier transport ability, but the carrier mobility of an organic material generally depends on the electric field strength. Since a material having a high electric field strength dependency easily breaks the balance of hole and electron injection / transport, it is preferable to use a material having a low electric field strength dependency of mobility for the intermediate layer material and the host material.

The host compound according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is specifically represented by the general formula (1).

In General Formula (1), “R1 to R5”, “Ra”, and “Rb” represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
However, at least one of “Ra” and “Rb” represents an alkyl group, a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, —OR11, a halogen atom, and —Si (R6) 3. Ra and Rb are preferably an alkyl group and a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
"X" represents O, S, -NR7, -Si (R8) 2, -CR9R10. X is preferably O or S.
“A” is represented by the general formula (2).
“R6 to R11” represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.

In the general formula (2), “X1 to X15” represents N or CRc. X1 to X15 may be all CRc, one or two of X1 to X15 may be N, X1 and X15 may be N, and X2, X7 and X14 may be N may be sufficient.
“RA1” is represented by a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
“Rc” represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.

  The compound of the general formula (1) is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (3) or the general formula (4).

In General Formula (3), “R1 to R3”, “R5”, “Ra”, and “Rb” represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
However, at least one of “Ra” and “Rb” represents an alkyl group, a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, —OR11, a halogen atom, and —Si (R6) 3. Ra and Rb are preferably an alkyl group and a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
"X" represents O, S, -NR7, -Si (R8) 2, -CR9R10. X is preferably O or S.
“A” is represented by the general formula (2).
“R6 to R11” represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.

In General Formula (4), “R1 to R5” and “Ra” represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
However, “Ra” represents an alkyl group, a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle, —OR11, a halogen atom, and —Si (R6) 3. Ra is preferably an alkyl group or a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
“R1 to R5” represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
"X" represents O, S, -NR7, -Si (R8) 2, -CR9R10. X is preferably O or S.
A is represented by the general formula (2).
“R6 to R11” represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.

(2.1) Specific Examples Specific examples of compounds that can be used as the host compound are as follows.

(2.2) Synthesis Example of Exemplary Compound 73 Compound 73 (compound of Chemical Formula 73) is synthesized according to the following synthesis flow as an example of the host compound.

(2.2.1) Synthesis of Intermediate 1 In a 200 ml eggplant flask, nitrogen gas flow, bromodibenzofuran 5 g, phenylboronic acid 2.5 g, Pd (dba) 2 1.2 g, bisdiphenylphosphinoferrocene (dppf) 1.2 g, 100 ml of dimethoxyethane was added, and 4.5 g of potassium carbonate and 25 ml of water were further added. The reaction was carried out for 5 hours under reflux of the solvent. After completion of the reaction, ethyl acetate was added, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with water three times. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and the reduced-pressure organic solvent was distilled off, and then the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (developing solvent: hexane) to obtain 3.5 g of the target product, Intermediate 1.

(2.2.2) Synthesis of Intermediate 2 Intermediate 200 (3.5 g), acetic acid 100 ml, acetic anhydride 6 ml, sulfuric acid 0.1 ml, iodobenzene diacetate 10.2 g were completely dissolved in a 200 ml eggplant flask. . Furthermore, iodine 8g was added little by little. When the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, crystals were precipitated and collected by filtration. After the crystals were washed with MeOH, 2.7 g of the target product, Intermediate 2, was obtained.

(2.2.3) Synthesis of Intermediate 3 To a 100 ml eggplant flask was added nitrogen stream, 2.7 g of Intermediate 2, 0.82 g of carbazole, 0.42 g of copper powder, 1.2 g of potassium carbonate, and 50 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction was carried out at 160 ° C. for 5 hours. After completion of the reaction, ethyl acetate was added, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed three times with water. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and the reduced-pressure organic solvent was distilled off, and then the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (developing solvent hexane: toluene) to obtain 2.5 g of the target product, Intermediate 3.

(2.2.4) Synthesis of Compound 73 In a 100 ml eggplant flask, nitrogen stream, intermediate 3 2.5 g, N-phenylcarbazole boronic acid 1.7 g, Pd (dba) 2 0.26 g, bisdiphenylphosphinoferrocene (dppf ) 0.25 g, potassium carbonate 1.2 g and dimethoxyethane 500 ml were added, and further potassium carbonate 1.0 g and water 13 ml were added. The reaction was carried out for 5 hours under reflux of the solvent. After completion of the reaction, ethyl acetate was added, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with water three times. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and the reduced-pressure organic solvent was distilled off, and then the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (developing solvent: hexane) to obtain 2.0 g of the target compound 73.
The structure was confirmed by NMR and Mass.
NMR; 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H), 8.08-8.00 (m, 4H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 7.74-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.45 (m, 11H), 7.39-7.34 (m, 5H), 7.27-7.19 (m, 5H)

《Hole transport layer》
The hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer. The hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
The hole transport material has any one of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
For example, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, Examples thereof include stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
The above-mentioned materials can be used as the hole transport material, but it is preferable to use a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, particularly an aromatic tertiary amine compound.

Representative examples of aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ', N'-tetraphenyl-4,4'-diaminophenyl; N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'- Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolyl) Aminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) phenylmethane; N, N'-diphenyl-N, N ' − (4-methoxyphenyl) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl; N, N, N ', N'-tetraphenyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether; 4,4'-bis (diphenylamino) quadriphenyl; N, N, N-tri (p-tolyl) amine; 4- (di-p-tolylamino) -4 '-[4- (di-p-tolylamino) styryl] stilbene; 4-N, N-diphenylamino- (2-diphenylvinyl) benzene; 3-methoxy-4′-N, N-diphenylaminostilbenzene; N-phenylcarbazole, and also two of those described in US Pat. No. 5,061,569. Having a condensed aromatic ring in the molecule, for example, 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (NPD), JP-A-4-3086 4,4 ', 4 "-tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine in which three triphenylamine units described in Japanese Patent No. 8 are linked in a starburst type ( MTDATA) and the like.
Furthermore, a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.

Inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC can also be used as the hole injection material and the hole transport material. JP-A-11-251067, J. Org. Huang et. al. A so-called p-type hole transport material as described in a book (Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), p. 139) can also be used.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use these materials because a light-emitting element with higher efficiency can be obtained.

The hole transport layer is formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. Can do.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the film thickness of a positive hole transport layer, Usually, 5 nm-about 5 micrometers, Preferably it is 5 nm-200 nm. The hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
Further, a hole transport layer having a high p property doped with impurities can be used. For example, JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use a hole transport layer having such a high p property because a device with lower power consumption can be produced.
Although the specific example of the compound preferably used for formation of the positive hole transport layer of the organic EL element of this invention below is given, this invention is not limited to these.

<Blocking layer: hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer>
The blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film. For example, it is described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258, 11-204359, and “Organic EL elements and their forefront of industrialization” (issued by NTT, Inc. on November 30, 1998). There is a hole blocking (hole blocking) layer.
The hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material having a function of transporting electrons and a very small ability to transport holes. By blocking the holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved. Moreover, the structure of the said electron carrying layer can be used as a hole-blocking layer as needed.
The hole blocking layer in the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.
The hole blocking layer preferably contains a carbazole derivative or an azacarbazole derivative (wherein the azacarbazole derivative indicates that one or more carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring are replaced with a nitrogen atom). .
In the present invention, when a plurality of light emitting layers having different light emission colors are provided, the light emitting layer having the shortest wavelength of light emission is preferably closest to the anode among all the light emitting layers. In this case, it is preferable to additionally provide a hole blocking layer between the shortest wave layer and the light emitting layer next to the anode next to the shortest wave layer.
Furthermore, it is preferable that 50% by mass or more of the compound contained in the hole blocking layer provided at the position has an ionization potential of 0.3 eV or more larger than the host compound of the shortest wave emitting layer.

The ionization potential is defined by the energy required to emit electrons at the HOMO (highest occupied orbital) level of the compound to the vacuum level, and can be determined by, for example, the following method.
(1) Using Gaussian 98 (Gaussian 98, Revision A.11.4, MJ Frisch, et al, Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh PA, 2002.), a molecular orbital calculation software manufactured by Gaussian, USA As a value (eV unit converted value) calculated by performing structure optimization using B3LYP / 6-31G *. This calculation value is effective because the correlation between the calculation value obtained by this method and the experimental value is high.
(2) The ionization potential can also be obtained by a method of directly measuring by photoelectron spectroscopy. For example, a method known as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy can be suitably used by using a low energy electron spectrometer “Model AC-1” manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.

On the other hand, the electron blocking layer has a function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense and is made of a material that has a function of transporting holes and has an extremely small ability to transport electrons, and transports holes. By blocking electrons, the recombination probability of electrons and holes can be improved.
Moreover, the structure of the said positive hole transport layer can be used as an electron blocking layer as needed. In the present invention, the thickness of the hole blocking layer and the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 3 nm to 30 nm.

<< Injection layer: hole injection layer (anode buffer layer), electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer) >>
The injection layer includes a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer.
The injection layer is provided as necessary between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer, and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer.
The injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer in order to lower the driving voltage and improve the light emission luminance. “The organic EL element and its industrialization front line (November 30, 1998, NT. The details are described in Volume 2, Chapter 2, “Electrode Materials” (pages 123 to 166) of “S.
The details of the hole injection layer are described in JP-A-9-45479, JP-A-9-260062, JP-A-8-288069 and the like. As a specific example, a phthalocyanine buffer represented by copper phthalocyanine And an oxide buffer layer typified by vanadium oxide, an amorphous carbon buffer layer, and a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) or polythiophene.
The details of the electron injection layer are also described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like, and specifically, metals represented by strontium, aluminum and the like. Buffer layer, alkali metal compound buffer layer typified by lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, etc., alkaline earth metal compound buffer layer typified by magnesium fluoride, oxide buffer layer typified by aluminum oxide Etc.
The injection layer is preferably a very thin film, and depending on the material, the film thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 nm to 5 μm.
In addition, the materials used for the hole injection layer and the electron injection layer can be used in combination with other materials. For example, the materials can be mixed and used in the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer. is there.

"anode"
As the anode in the organic EL element, an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
Specific examples of such electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO ₂ , and ZnO. Alternatively, an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In ₂ O ₃ —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
The anode may be formed by depositing these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a desired shape pattern may be formed by a photolithography method, or when pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 μm or more), A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material. In the case of using a coatable material such as an organic conductive compound, a wet film forming method such as a printing method or a coating method can be used.
When light emission is extracted from the anode, it is desirable that the transmittance be greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance of the anode is preferably several hundred Ω / □ or less. Further, although the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 1 μm, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.

"cathode"
On the other hand, a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less) (electron-injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof can be used as an electrode material for the cathode.
Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
Among these, from the point of durability against electron injection and oxidation, etc., a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this, for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
The cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. The sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred Ω / □ or less, and the film thickness is usually preferably in the range of 10 nm to 5 μm, and more preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm.
In order to transmit the emitted light, if either one of the anode or the cathode of the organic EL element is transparent or translucent, the emission luminance is advantageously improved.
Moreover, after producing the said metal by the film thickness of 1 nm-20 nm to a cathode, the transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced by producing the electroconductive transparent material quoted by description of the anode on it, By applying this, an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.

《Support substrate》
The support substrate (hereinafter also referred to as a substrate, substrate, substrate, support, etc.) that can be used in the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited in type, such as glass, plastic, etc., and is transparent. May be opaque. When extracting light from the support substrate side, the support substrate is preferably transparent.
Examples of the transparent support substrate preferably used include glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film. A particularly preferable support substrate is a resin film capable of giving flexibility to the organic EL element.
Examples of the resin film include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate phthalate (TAC) and cellulose nitrate or derivatives thereof, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether ketone, polyimide , Polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfones, Cycloolefin resins such as polyetherimide, polyetherketoneimide, polyamide, fluororesin, nylon, polymethylmethacrylate, acrylic or polyarylate, Arton (trade name, manufactured by JSR) or Appel (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals) Can be mentioned.

On the surface of the resin film, an inorganic film, an organic film, or a hybrid film of both may be formed. Water vapor permeability measured by a method in accordance with JIS K 7129-1992 (25 ± 0.5 ° C., It is preferably a barrier film having a relative humidity (90 ± 2)% RH) of 0.01 g / (m ² · 24 h) or less, and further, oxygen permeation measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987. A high barrier film having a degree of 10 ⁻³ ml / (m ² · 24 h · MPa) or less and a water vapor permeability of 10 ⁻⁵ g / (m ² · 24 h) or less is preferable.
As a material for forming the barrier film, any material may be used as long as it has a function of suppressing entry of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen. For example, silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used. Furthermore, in order to improve the brittleness of the barrier film, it is more preferable to have a laminated structure of these inorganic layers and layers made of organic materials. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the lamination | stacking order of an inorganic layer and an organic layer, It is preferable to laminate | stack both alternately several times.
The method for forming the barrier film is not particularly limited. For example, the vacuum deposition method, the sputtering method, the reactive sputtering method, the molecular beam epitaxy method, the cluster ion beam method, the ion plating method, the plasma treatment method, the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. Method, plasma CVD method, laser CVD method, thermal CVD method, coating method and the like can be used, but those by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment method as described in JP-A-2004-68143 are particularly preferable.

Examples of the opaque support substrate include metal plates such as aluminum and stainless steel, films, opaque resin substrates, and ceramic substrates.
The external extraction quantum efficiency at room temperature of light emission of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more. Here, external extraction quantum efficiency (%) = number of photons emitted to the outside of the organic EL element / number of electrons flowed to the organic EL element × 100.
Moreover, a hue improving filter such as a color filter may be used in combination, or a color conversion filter that converts the emission color from the organic EL element into multiple colors using a phosphor may be used in combination. In the case of using a color conversion filter, the λ _max of light emission of the organic EL element is preferably 480 nm or less.

<< Method for Manufacturing Organic EL Element >>
As an example of a method for producing an organic EL device, a method for producing an organic EL device comprising an anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode explain.

First, a thin film made of a desired electrode material, for example, an anode material, is formed on a suitable substrate so as to have a thickness of 1.0 μm or less, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm, to produce an anode.
Next, a thin film containing an organic compound such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer is sequentially formed on the anode.
In the organic EL device of the present invention, the light emitting layer when the compound represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention is used for the light emitting layer, and the cathode and the electron transport layer adjacent to the cathode are applied by a wet method. -It is preferable to form a film.
Examples of wet coating methods include spin coating, casting, die coating, blade coating, roll coating, ink jet, printing, spray coating, curtain coating, and LB, but a precise thin film is formed. From the viewpoint of possible and high productivity, a method with high roll-to-roll method suitability such as a die coating method, a roll coating method, an ink jet method, and a spray coating method is preferable. Different film forming methods may be applied for each layer.
Examples of the liquid medium for dissolving or dispersing the organic EL device material according to the present invention include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, Aromatic hydrocarbons such as mesitylene and cyclohexylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin, and dodecane, and organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can be used. As a dispersion method, it is possible to disperse by a dispersion method such as ultrasonic wave, high shearing force dispersion or media dispersion.
After sequentially forming these layers, a thin film made of a cathode material is formed thereon so as to have a thickness of 1 μm or less, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm, and a desired organic EL element is obtained by providing a cathode. can get.
Alternatively, the cathode, electron injection layer, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer, light emitting layer, hole transport layer, hole injection layer, and anode can be formed in this order in the reverse order.

When a DC voltage is applied to the multicolor display device thus obtained, light emission can be observed by applying a voltage of about 2 V to 40 V with the anode as + and the cathode as-polarity. An alternating voltage may be applied. The alternating current waveform to be applied may be arbitrary.
The organic EL device of the present invention is preferably produced from the hole injection layer to the cathode consistently by a single evacuation, but it may be taken out halfway and subjected to different film forming methods. At that time, it is preferable to perform the work in a dry inert gas atmosphere.

<Sealing>
As a sealing means used for this invention, the method of adhere | attaching a sealing member, an electrode, and a support substrate with an adhesive agent can be mentioned, for example.
The sealing member may be disposed so as to cover the display area of the organic EL element, and may be a concave plate shape or a flat plate shape. Further, transparency and electrical insulation are not particularly limited.
Specific examples include a glass plate, a polymer plate / film, and a metal plate / film. Examples of the glass plate include soda-lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and quartz. Examples of the polymer plate include polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, and polysulfone. Examples of the metal plate include those made of one or more metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, zinc, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, germanium, and tantalum.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use a polymer film or a metal film because the organic EL element can be thinned.
Furthermore, the polymer film has a oxygen permeability measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987 of 1 × 10 ⁻³ ml / (m ² · 24 h · MPa) or less, and a method according to JIS K 7129-1992. It is preferable that the water vapor permeability (25 ± 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ± 2)% RH) measured in (1) is 1 × 10 ⁻³ g / (m ² · 24 h) or less.
For processing the sealing member into a concave shape, sandblasting, chemical etching, or the like is used.

As the adhesive, specifically, photo-curing and thermosetting adhesives having reactive vinyl groups of acrylic acid oligomers, methacrylic acid oligomers, moisture-curing adhesives such as 2-cyanoacrylates, Examples thereof include epoxy-based heat and chemical curing type (two-component mixing), hot melt type polyamide, polyester, polyolefin, and cationic curing type ultraviolet curing epoxy resin adhesive.
In addition, since an organic EL element may deteriorate by heat processing, what can be adhesive-hardened from room temperature to 80 degreeC is preferable. A desiccant may be dispersed in the adhesive.
Application | coating of the adhesive agent to a sealing part may use commercially available dispenser, and may print like screen printing.

It is also possible to suitably form an inorganic or organic layer as a sealing film by coating the electrode and the organic layer on the outer side of the electrode facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween, and in contact with the support substrate. In this case, the material for forming the sealing film may be any material that has a function of suppressing intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen. For example, silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like is used. Can do.
Furthermore, in order to improve the brittleness of the sealing film, it is preferable to have a laminated structure of these inorganic layers and layers made of organic materials.
The method for forming these sealing films is not particularly limited. For example, vacuum deposition, sputtering, reactive sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, cluster ion beam method, ion plating method, plasma treatment method, atmospheric pressure A plasma treatment method, a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used.

In the gap between the sealing member and the display area of the organic EL element, an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil can be injected in the gas phase and liquid phase. preferable. A vacuum is also possible. Moreover, a hygroscopic compound can also be enclosed inside.
Examples of hygroscopic compounds include metal oxides (sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, etc.), sulfates (sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate, etc.), metals Halides (calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, cerium bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide, etc.), perchloric acids (barium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, etc.) Among them, anhydrous salts are preferably used in sulfates, metal halides and perchloric acids.

《Protective film, protective plate》
In order to increase the mechanical strength of the organic EL element, a protective film or a protective plate may be provided outside the sealing film or sealing film on the side facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween. In particular, when sealing is performed with a sealing film, the mechanical strength is not necessarily high, and thus it is preferable to provide such a protective film or a protective plate.
As a material that can be used for this, the same glass plate, polymer plate / film, metal plate / film, etc. used for the sealing can be used, but the polymer film is light and thin. Is preferably used.

《Light extraction》
The organic EL element emits light inside a layer having a refractive index higher than that of air (refractive index is about 1.7 to 2.1) and can extract only about 15% to 20% of the light generated in the light emitting layer. It is generally said. This is because light incident on the interface (transparent substrate-air interface) at an angle θ greater than the critical angle causes total reflection and cannot be taken out of the organic EL element, or is transparent to the transparent electrode or light-emitting layer. This is because light undergoes total reflection with the substrate, and the light is guided through the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer, and as a result, the light escapes in the side direction of the organic EL element.

As a method for improving the light extraction efficiency, for example, a method of forming irregularities on the surface of the transparent substrate to prevent total reflection at the interface between the transparent substrate and the air (US Pat. No. 4,774,435), substrate A method of improving efficiency by imparting light condensing properties (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 63-314795), a method of forming a reflective surface on the side surface of an organic EL element (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394), a substrate, A method of forming an antireflection film by introducing a flat layer having an intermediate refractive index between the light emitters (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-172691), and having a lower refractive index than the substrate between the substrate and the light emitter. A method of introducing a flat layer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-202827), a method of forming a diffraction grating between any one of the substrate, the transparent electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside) (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-283951) Etc.)
In the present invention, these methods can be used in combination with the organic EL device of the present invention. However, a method of introducing a flat layer having a lower refractive index than the substrate between the substrate and the light emitter, or a substrate, transparent A method of forming a diffraction grating between any one of the electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside) can be suitably used.
In the present invention, by combining these means, it is possible to obtain an organic EL device having further high luminance or durability.

When a medium having a low refractive index is formed between the transparent electrode and the transparent substrate with a thickness longer than the wavelength of light, the light extracted from the transparent electrode has a higher extraction efficiency to the outside as the refractive index of the medium is lower.
Examples of the low refractive index layer include aerogel, porous silica, magnesium fluoride, and a fluorine-based polymer. Since the refractive index of the transparent substrate is generally about 1.5 to 1.7, the low refractive index layer preferably has a refractive index of about 1.5 or less, and more preferably 1.35 or less. .
The thickness of the low refractive index medium is preferably at least twice the wavelength in the medium. This is because the effect of the low refractive index layer is diminished when the thickness of the low refractive index medium is about the wavelength of light and the electromagnetic wave exuded by evanescent enters the substrate.

The method of introducing a diffraction grating into an interface or any medium that causes total reflection is characterized by a high effect of improving light extraction efficiency.
This method uses the property that the diffraction grating can change the direction of light to a specific direction different from refraction by so-called Bragg diffraction such as first-order diffraction and second-order diffraction. Light that cannot be emitted due to total internal reflection between layers is diffracted by introducing a diffraction grating in any layer or medium (in a transparent substrate or transparent electrode), and the light is removed. I want to take it out.
The introduced diffraction grating desirably has a two-dimensional periodic refractive index. This is because light emitted from the light-emitting layer is randomly generated in all directions, so in a general one-dimensional diffraction grating having a periodic refractive index distribution only in a certain direction, only light traveling in a specific direction is diffracted. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency does not increase so much. On the other hand, when the refractive index distribution is a two-dimensional distribution, light traveling in all directions is diffracted, and light extraction efficiency is increased.
As described above, the position where the diffraction grating is introduced may be in any of the layers or in the medium (in the transparent substrate or in the transparent electrode), but is preferably in the vicinity of the organic light emitting layer where light is generated. At this time, the period of the diffraction grating is preferably about 1/2 to 3 times the wavelength of light in the medium.
The arrangement of the diffraction grating is preferably two-dimensionally repeated such as a square lattice, a triangular lattice, or a honeycomb lattice.

<Condenser sheet>
The organic EL element of the present invention is processed in a microlens array-like structure on the light extraction side of the substrate, or combined with a condensing sheet, for example, in a specific direction, for example, an organic EL element light emitting surface. On the other hand, the brightness | luminance in a specific direction can be raised by condensing in a front direction.
As an example of the microlens array, quadrangular pyramids having a side of 30 μm and an apex angle of 90 degrees are arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate. One side is preferably 10 μm to 100 μm. If it becomes smaller than this, the effect of diffraction will generate | occur | produce and color, and if too large, thickness will become thick and is not preferable.
As the condensing sheet, for example, a sheet that is put into practical use in an LED backlight of a liquid crystal display device can be used. As such a sheet, for example, a brightness enhancement film (BEF) manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited can be used.
As the shape of the prism sheet, for example, the base material may be formed by forming a △ -shaped stripe having a vertex angle of 90 degrees and a pitch of 50 μm, or the vertex angle is rounded and the pitch is changed randomly. Other shapes may be used.
Moreover, in order to control the light emission angle from a light emitting element, you may use together a light diffusing plate and a film with a condensing sheet. For example, a diffusion film (light-up) manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. can be used.

<Application>
The organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
For example, lighting devices (home lighting, interior lighting), clock and liquid crystal backlights, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources of optical storage media, light sources of electrophotographic copying machines, light sources of optical communication processors, light Examples include, but are not limited to, the light source of the sensor. In particular, it can be effectively used as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device and a light source for illumination.
In the organic EL element of the present invention, patterning may be performed by a metal mask, an ink jet printing method, or the like as needed during film formation. In the case of patterning, only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire layer of the element may be patterned. Can be used.
The light emission color of the organic EL device of the present invention and the compound according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4.16 on page 108 of “New Color Science Handbook” (edited by the Japan Color Society, University of Tokyo Press, 1985). It is determined by the color when the result measured with a total CS-1000 (Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.) is applied to the CIE chromaticity coordinates.
When the organic EL element of the present invention is a white element, white means that the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 color system at 1000 cd / m ² is X = 0 when the 2 ° viewing angle front luminance is measured by the above method. .33 ± 0.07, Y = 0.33 ± 0.1.

<Display device>
The display device of the present invention will be described. The display device of the present invention comprises the organic EL element of the present invention. Although the display device of the present invention may be single color or multicolor, the multicolor display device will be described here.

In the case of a multicolor display device, a shadow mask is provided only at the time of forming a light emitting layer, and a film can be formed on one surface by vapor deposition, casting, spin coating, ink jet, printing, or the like. In the case of patterning only the light emitting layer, the method is not limited. However, the vapor deposition method, the ink jet method, the spin coating method, and the printing method are preferable.
The configuration of the organic EL element included in the display device is selected from the organic EL elements of the present invention as necessary. Moreover, the manufacturing method of an organic EL element is as having shown in the one aspect | mode of the manufacturing method of the organic EL element of the above-mentioned this invention.
In the case of applying a DC voltage to the obtained multicolor display device, light emission can be observed by applying a voltage of about 2V to 40V with the positive polarity of the anode and the negative polarity of the cathode. Further, even when a voltage is applied with the opposite polarity, no current flows and no light emission occurs. When an AC voltage is applied, light is emitted only when the anode is in the + state and the cathode is in the-state. The alternating current waveform to be applied may be arbitrary.

The multicolor display device can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources. In display devices and displays, full-color display is possible by using three types of organic EL elements of red, green, and blue light emission.
Examples of the display device and display include a television, a personal computer, a mobile device, an AV device, a character broadcast display, and an information display in an automobile. In particular, it may be used as a display device for reproducing still images and moving images, and the driving method when used as a display device for reproducing moving images may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
Light sources include home lighting, interior lighting, clock and liquid crystal backlights, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources for optical storage media, light sources for electrophotographic copying machines, light sources for optical communication processors, light sources for optical sensors, etc. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

  Hereinafter, an example of a display device having the organic EL element of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of the configuration of a display device composed of the organic EL element of the present invention, which displays image information by light emission of the organic EL element, for example, a display such as a mobile phone FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the display 1 includes a display unit A having a plurality of pixels, a control unit B that performs image scanning of the display unit A based on image information, and the like.
The control unit B is electrically connected to the display unit A.
The control unit B sends a scanning signal and an image data signal to each of the plurality of pixels based on image information from the outside. As a result, each pixel sequentially emits light according to the image data signal for each scanning line by the scanning signal, and the image information is displayed on the display unit A.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the display unit A shown in FIG.
The display unit A includes a wiring unit including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6, a plurality of pixels 3 and the like on a substrate.
The main members of the display unit A will be described below.
FIG. 2 shows a case where the light emitted from the pixel 3 is extracted in the direction of the white arrow (downward).
Each of the scanning lines 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion is made of a conductive material. The scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a grid pattern and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions (details are not shown).
When a scanning signal is transmitted from the scanning line 5, the pixel 3 receives an image data signal from the data line 6 and emits light according to the received image data.
Full-color display is possible by appropriately arranging pixels in the red region, the green region, and the blue region in the same substrate on the same substrate.

《Lighting device》
The lighting device of the present invention will be described. The lighting device of the present invention has the organic EL element of the present invention.

The organic EL element of the present invention may be used as an organic EL element having a resonator structure, and the purpose of use of the organic EL element having such a resonator structure is as follows. The light source of a machine, the light source of an optical communication processing machine, the light source of a photosensor, etc. are mentioned, However, It is not limited to these.
Moreover, you may use for the said use by making a laser oscillation. Furthermore, the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as a kind of lamp for illumination or exposure light source, a projection device for projecting an image, or a display for directly viewing a still image or a moving image. It may be used as a device (display).
The driving method when used as a display device for moving image reproduction may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method. By using two or more kinds of the organic EL elements of the present invention having different emission colors, a full-color display device can be produced.

The organic EL material of the present invention can be applied to an organic EL element that emits substantially white light as a lighting device. A plurality of light emitting colors are simultaneously emitted by a plurality of light emitting materials to obtain white light emission by color mixing. The combination of a plurality of emission colors may include three emission maximum wavelengths of the three primary colors of red, green and blue, or two using the complementary colors such as blue and yellow, blue green and orange. The thing containing the light emission maximum wavelength may be used.
In addition, a combination of light emitting materials for obtaining a plurality of emission colors is a combination of a plurality of phosphorescent or fluorescent materials, a light emitting material that emits fluorescence or phosphorescence, and light from the light emitting material as excitation light. Any of those combined with a dye material that emits light may be used, but in the white organic EL device according to the present invention, only a combination of a plurality of light-emitting dopants may be mixed.

It is only necessary to provide a mask only when forming a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, etc., and simply arrange them separately by coating with the mask. Since other layers are common, patterning of the mask or the like is not necessary. In addition, an electrode film or the like can be formed by a vapor deposition method, a cast method, a spin coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or the like, and productivity is improved.
According to this method, unlike a white organic EL device in which light emitting elements of a plurality of colors are arranged in parallel in an array, the elements themselves are luminescent white.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a luminescent material used for a light emitting layer, For example, if it is a backlight in a liquid crystal display element, the metal complex which concerns on this invention so that it may suit the wavelength range corresponding to CF (color filter) characteristic, Any one of known luminescent materials may be selected and combined to whiten.

<< One Embodiment of Lighting Device of the Present Invention >>
One aspect of the lighting device of the present invention that includes the organic EL element of the present invention will be described.
The non-light emitting surface of the organic EL device of the present invention is covered with a glass case, a glass substrate having a thickness of 300 μm is used as a sealing substrate, and an epoxy-based photocurable adhesive (LUX TRACK manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is used as a sealing material. LC0629B) is applied, and this is overlaid on the cathode to be in close contact with the transparent support substrate, irradiated with UV light from the glass substrate side, cured and sealed, and as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. Can be formed.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the illumination device.
As shown in FIG. 3, the organic EL element 101 is covered with a glass cover 102. The sealing operation with the glass cover 102 is performed in a glove box (in an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more) in a nitrogen atmosphere without bringing the organic EL element 101 into contact with the atmosphere.
FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the lighting device.
As shown in FIG. 4, the cathode 105 and the organic EL layer 106 are formed on a glass substrate 107 with a transparent electrode. The glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108 and a water catching agent 109 is provided.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, although the display of "%" is used in an Example, unless otherwise indicated, "mass%" is represented.

<< Production of Organic EL Element 1-1 >>
After patterning on a substrate (NA45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass) having a thickness of 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) as an anode on a glass substrate of 100 mm × 100 mm × 1.1 mm, this ITO transparent electrode is provided. The transparent support substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.

This transparent support substrate is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum evaporation apparatus, while 200 mg of α-NPD is put into a molybdenum resistance heating boat, and 200 mg of the compound of Comparative 1 is used as a host compound in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum. 200 mg of BAlq is put into another molybdenum resistance heating boat, 100 mg of D-26 is added as a luminescent dopant compound to another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and 200 mg of Alq ₃ is put into another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum. Attached to the vapor deposition equipment.

Next, after reducing the vacuum chamber to 4 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa, the molybdenum resistance heating boat containing α-NPD is energized and heated, and deposited on the transparent support substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second. Then, a hole transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm was provided.

Furthermore, the molybdenum resistance heating boat containing Comparative 1 and D-26 was energized and heated, and co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second and 0.012 nm / second, respectively. Thus, a light emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm was provided.
The substrate temperature during vapor deposition was room temperature.

  Further, the molybdenum resistance heating boat containing BAlq was energized and heated, and deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide a 10 nm thick hole blocking layer.

Further, the resistance heating boat containing Alq ₃ was heated by energization, and was deposited on the hole blocking layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide an electron transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm.
The substrate temperature during vapor deposition was room temperature.

  Then, 0.5 nm of lithium fluoride and 110 nm of aluminum were vapor-deposited, the cathode was formed, and the organic EL element 1-1 was produced.

  After the production, the non-light emitting surface of the organic EL element 1-1 is covered with a glass case, a glass substrate having a thickness of 300 μm is used as a sealing substrate, and an epoxy photo-curing adhesive (manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is used as a sealing material. 3 and FIG. 4 is applied to the transparent support substrate by applying Lux Track LC0629B), which is adhered to the transparent support substrate, irradiated with UV light from the glass substrate side, cured, and sealed. A lighting device having such a configuration was constructed and used as a sample.

<< Production of Organic EL Elements 1-2 to 1-12 >>
In the production of the organic EL device 1-1, the host compound was changed to the compounds shown in Table 1.
Other than that produced the organic EL element 1-2 to 1-12 similarly.

<< Evaluation of Organic EL Elements 1-1 to 1-12 >>
The following evaluation was performed with respect to the organic EL elements 1-1 to 1-12.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

(1) Luminous efficiency (measurement of external extraction quantum efficiency)
The organic EL element is allowed to emit light at room temperature (about 23 ° C. to 25 ° C.) under a constant current condition of ^2.5 mA / cm ² and light emission luminance (L) [cd / m ² ] immediately after the start of light emission is measured. Thus, the external extraction quantum efficiency (η) was calculated. CS-1000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing) was used for measurement of light emission luminance.
The light emission efficiency (external extraction quantum efficiency) was expressed as a relative value with the light emission luminance of the organic EL element 1-1 as 100.

(2) Luminous life The organic EL device emits light continuously at room temperature (about 23 ° C. to 25 ° C.) under a constant current condition of ^2.5 mA / cm ² , and the light emission luminance is half the initial luminance. The time required to become (half-life τ1 / 2) was measured, and this was used as a measure of the emission lifetime.
The light emission lifetime was expressed as a relative value with the half-life of the organic EL element 1-1 as 100.

(3) Drive voltage The organic EL element is caused to emit light under a constant current condition of ^2.5 mA / cm ² , and the drive voltage (initial drive voltage) at that time and the drive voltage when the light emission luminance reaches 50% are measured. ΔV = (initial driving voltage−driving voltage at 50% luminance) was calculated.
ΔV was expressed as a relative value with ΔV of the organic EL element 1-1 being 100.

(4) Summary As shown in Table 1, the organic EL elements 1-3 to 1-12 of the present invention are superior in luminous efficiency and luminous lifetime compared to the organic EL elements 1-1 and 1-2 of the comparative example. In particular, the voltage rise during driving is suppressed. This is considered because the aggregation of the host compound in the light emitting layer was suppressed.
From the above, it can be seen that it is useful to use the compounds of the general formulas (1) to (4) as the host compound in order to improve the light emission efficiency and the light emission lifetime and to suppress the increase in voltage during device driving.

<< Preparation of Organic EL Element 2-1 >>
After patterning on a substrate (NA45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass) having a thickness of 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) as an anode on a glass substrate of 100 mm × 100 mm × 1.1 mm, this ITO transparent electrode is provided. The transparent support substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.

On the transparent support substrate, using a solution obtained by diluting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT / PSS, Bayer, Baytron P Al 4083) to 70% with pure water, 3000 rpm, A thin film was formed by spin coating under conditions of 30 seconds and then dried at 200 ° C. for 1 hour to provide a 20 nm-thick hole transport layer.
This substrate was transferred to a nitrogen atmosphere, and 3 mg of hole transport material HT-1 (TPD) and 40 mg of hole transport material HT-2 (α-NPD) were dissolved in 10 ml of toluene on the hole transport layer. A thin film was formed on the hole transport layer by spin coating under the conditions of 1500 rpm and 30 seconds. Further, ultraviolet light was irradiated for 180 seconds to carry out photopolymerization and crosslinking, thereby forming a second hole transport layer having a thickness of about 20 nm.

  On this second hole transport layer, using 100 mg of the compound of Comparative 1 as a host compound and 10 mg of D-26 as a light-emitting dopant compound, respectively, in a solution of 10 ml of toluene, conditions of 600 rpm and 30 seconds. A thin film was formed by spin coating. It vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and was set as the light emitting layer with a film thickness of about 70 nm.

  Next, a thin film was formed on the light emitting layer by spin coating using a solution obtained by dissolving 50 mg of ET-40 in 10 ml of butanol at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. Furthermore, it vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and was set as the electron carrying layer with a film thickness of about 30 nm.

Subsequently, this substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus, and after the vacuum chamber was depressurized to 4 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa, lithium fluoride was deposited to 0.4 nm and aluminum was deposited to 110 nm as a cathode buffer layer. A cathode was formed, and an organic EL element 2-1 was produced.

<< Production of Organic EL Elements 2-2 to 2-14 >>
In the production of the organic EL element 2-1, the host compound was changed to the compounds shown in Table 2.
Other than that produced the organic EL element 2-2 to 2-14 similarly.

<< Evaluation of Organic EL Elements 2-1 to 2-14 >>
The following evaluation was performed with respect to the organic EL elements 2-1 to 2-14.
When evaluating the obtained organic EL elements 2-1 to 2-14, these organic EL elements were sealed in the same manner as the organic EL element of Example 1, and an illumination device as shown in FIGS. Constructed and evaluated.
The light emission efficiency, the light emission lifetime, and the drive voltage were evaluated by the same method as in Example 1 and expressed as relative values with each characteristic value of the organic EL element 2-1 being 100.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 2, the organic EL elements 2-3 to 2-14 of the present invention in which each organic layer was formed by a wet coating method emitted light in comparison with the organic EL elements 2-1 and 2-2 of the comparative example. It is excellent in efficiency, has a long light emission life, and suppresses a voltage increase during driving. This is also considered because the aggregation of the host compound in the light emitting layer was suppressed.
From the above, in order to improve the light emission efficiency and the light emission life and to suppress the increase in voltage at the time of driving the element, even if each organic layer is formed by a coating method instead of the vapor deposition method, the general formula (1) to It turns out that it is useful to use the compound of (4).

<< Production of Organic EL Element 3-1 >>
After patterning on a substrate (NA45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass) having a thickness of 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) as an anode on a glass substrate of 100 mm × 100 mm × 1.1 mm, this ITO transparent electrode is provided. The transparent support substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.

This transparent support substrate is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum evaporation apparatus, while 200 mg of α-NPD is put into a molybdenum resistance heating boat, and 200 mg of the compound of Comparative 1 is used as a host compound in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum. 200 mg of BAlq is put into another molybdenum resistance heating boat, 100 mg of D-26 is added as a luminescent dopant compound to another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and 200 mg of Alq ₃ is put into another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum. Attached to the vapor deposition equipment.

Next, after depressurizing the vacuum tank to 4 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa, it was heated by energizing the resistance heating boat containing α-NPD, and deposited on the transparent support substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second, A hole transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm was provided.

Further, the resistance heating boat containing the compound of Comparative 1 and D-26 was energized and heated, and co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second and 0.012 nm / second, respectively. Thus, a light emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm was provided.
The substrate temperature during vapor deposition was room temperature.

  Furthermore, the resistance heating boat containing BAlq was heated by energization, and deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide a 10 nm thick hole blocking layer.

Further, the resistance heating boat containing Alq ₃ was heated by energization, and was deposited on the hole blocking layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide an electron transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm.
The substrate temperature during vapor deposition was room temperature.

  Subsequently, 0.5 nm of lithium fluoride and 110 nm of aluminum were vapor-deposited to form a cathode, and an organic EL element 3-1 was produced.

<< Production of Organic EL Elements 3-2 to 3-9 >>
In the production of the organic EL device 3-1, the compounds of Comparative Example 1, BAlq and Alq ₃ were changed to the compounds shown in Table 3.
Other than that produced the organic EL element 3-2-3-9 similarly.

<< Evaluation of Organic EL Elements 3-1 to 3-9 >>
The following evaluation was performed on the organic EL elements 3-1 to 3-9.
When evaluating the obtained organic EL elements 3-1 to 3-9, these organic EL elements were sealed in the same manner as the organic EL element of Example 1, and an illumination device as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 was used. Constructed and evaluated.
The light emission efficiency, the light emission lifetime, and the drive voltage were evaluated by the same method as in Example 1 and expressed as relative values with each characteristic value of the organic EL element 3-1 being 100.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.

As shown in Table 3, the organic EL devices 3-3 to 3-9 of the present invention in which the compound of the present invention was added to the host and used for the hole blocking layer and the electron transport layer were organic EL devices 3-1 of Comparative Examples. In addition, as compared with the organic EL element 3-2 in which the compound of the present invention is used only as a host, the light emission efficiency is superior, the light emission lifetime is long, and the voltage rise during driving is suppressed. This is presumably because the compound of the present invention used for the hole blocking layer and the electron transport layer is excellent in electron transport property.
From the above, in order to improve the light emission efficiency and the light emission lifetime and to suppress the increase in voltage during device driving, in addition to the host compound, the general formulas (1) to (4) It can be seen that it is more useful to use a specific compound among these compounds.

<Production of full-color display device>
(1) Production of Blue Light-Emitting Element Organic EL element 1-9 of Example 1 was a blue light-emitting element.
(2) Production of green light-emitting element In the organic EL element 1-1 of Example 1, D-26 was changed to D-1.
Other than that produced the green light emitting element similarly.
(3) Production of red light emitting element In the organic EL element 1-1 of Example 1, D-26 was changed to D-10.
Otherwise, a red light emitting device was produced in the same manner.

(4) Production of Display Device The red, green, and blue light emitting organic EL elements produced above were arranged in parallel on the same substrate, and an active matrix type full color display device having a form as shown in FIG. 1 was produced.
In FIG. 2, only the schematic diagram of the display part A of the produced display device is shown.
As shown in FIG. 2, the display unit A includes a plurality of pixels 3 (light emitting color pixels in the red region, green region pixels, Blue region pixels, etc.). Each of the scanning lines 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion is made of a conductive material. The scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a grid pattern, and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions (details are not shown).
The plurality of pixels 3 are driven by an active matrix system provided with an organic EL element corresponding to each emission color, a switching transistor as an active element, and a driving transistor, and a scanning signal is transmitted from the scanning line 5. The image data signal is received from the data line 6 and light is emitted according to the received image data. In this manner, a full color display device was manufactured by appropriately arranging the red, green, and blue pixels 3 in parallel.

  It was confirmed that when the obtained full-color display device was driven, high brightness, high durability, and clear full-color moving image display were obtained.

<< Preparation of white light emitting element and white lighting device >>
The electrode of the transparent electrode substrate described in Example 1 was patterned to 20 mm × 20 mm, and α-NPD was formed thereon with a thickness of 25 nm as a hole injection / transport layer in the same manner as in Example 1, A resistance heating boat made of molybdenum containing the compound 1 of the present invention as a host compound (compound of formula 1), a resistance heating boat made of molybdenum containing D-10, and a resistance heating boat made of molybdenum containing D-26, respectively. Independently energized, adjusted the deposition rate of the compound 1 of the present invention as the host compound and D-26 and D-10 as the luminescent dopants to be 100: 5: 0.6, and emitted light with a film thickness of 30 nm. A layer was provided.
Next, BAlq was formed to a thickness of 10 nm to provide a hole blocking layer.
Furthermore, it was deposited Alq ₃ at 40nm an electron transporting layer.
Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, a square perforated mask having the same shape as the transparent electrode made of stainless steel was placed on the electron injection layer, lithium fluoride 0.5 nm as the cathode buffer layer and aluminum 150 nm as the cathode. Was deposited and formed into a film.
This organic EL element was provided with a sealing can in the same manner as described in Example 1 to produce a flat lamp as shown in FIGS.

  When the obtained flat lamp was energized, almost white light was obtained, confirming that it could be used as a lighting device.

<< Preparation of white organic EL element >>
A transparent substrate provided with this ITO transparent electrode after patterning a substrate (NH45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) on which a 100 nm × 100 mm × 1.1 mm glass substrate is formed as an anode on a 100 nm ITO (indium tin oxide) film. The supporting substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and UV ozone cleaning was performed for 5 minutes.

On the transparent support substrate, a solution obtained by diluting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT / PSS, Baytron, Baytron P Al 4083) to 70% with pure water at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. Then, the film was formed by spin coating and then dried at 200 ° C. for 1 hour to provide a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
The substrate was transferred to a nitrogen atmosphere, and a solution of 50 mg of commercially available ADS254BE (American Dye Source, Inc.) dissolved in 10 ml of toluene was spin coated onto the hole transport layer at 2500 rpm for 30 seconds by spin coating. Formed. It vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and provided the 2nd positive hole transport layer.

  Next, 100 mg of the compound 1 of the present invention (compound of formula 1), 0.5 mg of D-10 and 16 mg of D-26, and 10 ml of butyl acetate as a host compound were used, and 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. The film was formed by spin coating under the conditions. It vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and was set as the light emitting layer.

  Further, using a solution obtained by dissolving 25 mg of ET-10 in 5 ml of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), a film was formed by spin coating under the condition of 2000 rpm for 30 seconds, and then vacuum dried at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. One electron transport layer was formed.

Subsequently, this substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus, 200 mg of ET-7 was put in a molybdenum resistance heating boat, and attached to the vacuum deposition apparatus.
After depressurizing the vacuum tank to 4 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa, the molybdenum resistance heating boat containing ET-7 was energized and heated, and deposited on the first electron transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second. Thus, a 20-nm-thick second electron transport layer was obtained.
The substrate temperature during vapor deposition was room temperature.

Then, 0.5 nm of lithium fluoride and 110 nm of aluminum were vapor-deposited, the cathode was formed, and the organic EL element was produced.
The organic EL device was provided with a sealing can in the same manner as described in Example 1, and a flat lamp as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 was produced.

  When this flat lamp was energized, almost white light was obtained, confirming that it could be used as a lighting device.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Display 3 Pixel 5 Scan line 6 Data line A Display part B Control part 101 Organic EL element 102 Glass cover 105 Cathode 106 Organic EL layer 107 Transparent electrode exhausted glass substrate 108 Nitrogen gas 109 Water trapping agent

Claims (12)

The organic electroluminescent element characterized by containing the compound represented by General formula (1).

[In General Formula (1), R1-R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and Ra and Rb represent an alkyl group or a substituent. Provided that at least one of Ra and Rb represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle or —OR11, which may have a substituent, Ra and Rb are not the same group. When at least one of Ra and Rb represents a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, the 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring does not have a substituent containing a carbazolyl group or an azacarbazolyl group. X represents O, S, —NR 7, —Si (R 8) 2, —CR 9 R 10, A is represented by the general formula (2), and R 7 to R 11 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Or represents an aromatic heterocyclic group. ]

[In General Formula (2), X1 to X15 represent N or CRc, RA1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and Rc represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic ring. Represents a group. ] The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1,
In General Formula (1), Ra and Rb are the alkyl groups which may have a substituent, or a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, The organic electroluminescent element characterized by the above-mentioned. In the organic electroluminescent element according to claim 1 or 2,
In general formula (1), X is O or S, The organic electroluminescent element characterized by the above-mentioned. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1,
The compound represented by the general formula (1) is a compound represented by the general formula (4).

[In general formula (4), R1-R5, Ra, X, and A are synonymous with R1-R5, Ra, X, and A in General formula (1). However, Ra and A are not the same group. ] The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1,
In general formula (2), X1-X15 are all CRc, The organic electroluminescent element characterized by the above-mentioned. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1,
In General Formula (2), 1 or 2 is X among X1-X15, The organic electroluminescent element characterized by the above-mentioned. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1,
In general formula (2), X1 and X15 are N, The organic electroluminescent element characterized by the above-mentioned. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1,
In general formula (2), X2, X7, and X14 are N, The organic electroluminescent element characterized by the above-mentioned. In the organic electroluminescent element according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
An organic electroluminescence device characterized in that the emission color is blue. The organic electroluminescence element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the emission color is white.   A display device using the organic electroluminescence element according to claim 1.   The illuminating device using the organic electroluminescent element as described in any one of Claims 1-10.

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