JP5854031B2 - Switching power supply - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a switching power supply device that outputs stable DC power to a load. More specifically, the energy accumulated in the transformer by stopping the exciting current flowing in the primary winding of the transformer is output to the output line on the secondary side of the transformer. The present invention relates to a flyback-type switching power supply device that outputs DC power to a load connected to the.

  A switching power supply device that changes an alternating current power supply to a stable direct current power and outputs the same is used for a battery charger, an AC adapter, or the like. This switching power supply device is roughly classified into a forward type and a flyback type depending on the timing of electric power generated on the secondary side of the transformer. The flyback type is used while the exciting current flowing in the primary winding of the transformer is stopped. In addition, the electric power generated in the secondary winding of the transformer is output to the load.

  The flyback type switching power supply is connected to loads of various weights, and the power consumption by the load may change, so the output power Wout of the switching power supply is controlled according to the load weight. doing. The output power Wout generated on the secondary side of the transformer by opening and closing the exciting current (primary winding current) flowing through the primary winding of the transformer by the switching element is expressed by f and the inductance of the primary winding. L1, the maximum primary winding current flowing through the primary winding is Ipmax, the efficiency is η,

Therefore, there is known a switching power supply device that changes the output power Wout according to the load weight by PFM modulation (frequency modulation) that changes the switching frequency f in the equation (1) (Patent Document 1). ).

  The switching power supply described in Patent Document 1 determines the weight of a load from the output voltage appearing on the output line, and increases the switching frequency f of the switching element when the heavy load is connected to the output line. Thus, the output power Wout is increased, and when the load is light or no load, the switching frequency f of the switching element is decreased to decrease the output power Wout.

  Further, since the maximum primary winding current Ipmax flowing in the primary winding of the equation (1) is proportional to the on operation time during which the switch element is closed and controlled, the maximum oscillation current T of the on operation time and the off operation time is obtained. There is also known a switching power supply device that performs PWM modulation (pulse width modulation) to change the duty ratio of the on-operation time to vary the maximum primary winding current Ipmax and increase / decrease the output power Wout according to the load weight. (Patent Document 2).

  The switching power supply device described in Patent Document 2 determines the load weight from the output voltage appearing on the output line, and when a light load is connected to the output line, a switching signal for controlling opening and closing of the switch element is provided. PWM modulation is performed while maintaining a fixed frequency, and the output power Wout is controlled to increase or decrease in accordance with the weight of the load.

JP 2013-187950 A JP 2010-57207 A

  The conventional switching power supply device determines the state of the load connected to the output line from the change in the output voltage that appears on the output line, or detects no load or short circuit from the stop or abnormal rise of the output current. Therefore, the output power Wout cannot be quantitatively adjusted according to the weight of the load.

  Also, the output voltage and output current of the output line on the secondary side of the transformer are detected, and the detection result is fed back to the oscillation control circuit on the primary side of the transformer that controls opening and closing of the switch element. It was necessary to output the detection result detected on the secondary side to the primary side.

  Furthermore, since the switching power supply of Patent Document 1 that controls the output power Wout by PFM modulation according to the load weight, the maximum primary winding current Ipmax is fixed even if the switching frequency f is reduced with a light load. There is a possibility that a large ripple voltage is generated, or that the switching frequency f enters the audible region and a noise is generated.

  Furthermore, since the switching power supply of Patent Document 2 that controls the output power Wout by PWM modulation according to the load weight oscillates at a fixed frequency even with a light load, the switching loss is large and the efficiency of the output power Wout is high. Incurs a decline.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of such conventional problems, and quantitatively detects the power consumption of the load connected to the output line, and finely adjusts the output power Wout according to the power consumption of the load. It is an object to provide a controllable switching power supply.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a switching power supply device that determines the power consumption due to a load on the primary side of the transformer without using a photocoupler coupled to the secondary side of the transformer.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a switching power supply device that does not generate a large ripple voltage even when a light load is connected to the output line and efficiently generates output power in accordance with the light load. .

In order to achieve the above object, a switching power supply device according to claim 1 is connected in series with a primary winding to a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary output winding, and a DC power source for exciting the primary winding. ON / OFF control time, ON / OFF control of the oscillation switch element, ON operation time from ON control of the oscillation switch element to OFF control, OFF operation time from ON control to ON control An oscillation control unit that repeats the oscillation cycle and a smoothing rectification circuit that rectifies and smoothes the output of the secondary output winding, and outputs the energy accumulated in the transformer during the on operation time and the output of the smoothing rectification circuit during the off operation time. A flyback type switching power supply that outputs DC power to a load connected between lines,
A winding current detecting section for detecting the primary winding current flowing through the transformer primary winding, Ipmax the maximum primary winding current of the primary winding current detected by the winding current detecting section to an oscillation period, the primary winding current Let L1 be the inductance of the primary winding through which the current flows, and the energy E accumulated in the transformer in one oscillation period,

The load state discriminating unit that discriminates the power consumption of the load based on the calculated energy E and the oscillation period time T in which the energy E is accumulated, and the energy accumulated in the transformer disappears during the on-operation time. Equipped with an output detection unit that detects the disappearance time, the oscillation control unit shortens the elapsed time according to the increase / decrease of the power consumption of the load determined by the load state determination unit in the output time T2 from the off control to the disappearance time / Off adjustment time T3 to be extended is added to set the OFF operation time of each oscillation cycle, and the oscillation frequency of the oscillation switch element is increased when the load connected between the output lines is a heavy load. It is characterized by being lowered in some cases.

  Since the next oscillation cycle is started at least after the disappearance of the energy E accumulated in the transformer, the output power Wout output between the output lines by the energy E accumulated in the transformer in one oscillation cycle T; Almost balanced with the power consumed by the load,

The output power Wout obtained by dividing the energy E calculated from the value by the time T of the oscillation period in which the energy E is accumulated quantitatively represents the power consumed by the load during the oscillation period.

  The output power Wout calculated for each oscillation period is controlled to shorten or extend the off-adjustment time T3 of each oscillation period, and the oscillation frequency of the oscillation switch element changes, so that it is output quantitatively according to the power consumption of the load. The power Wout is controlled.

  When a light load is connected, the off operation time is extended in accordance with a reduction in power consumption of the load, and the oscillation frequency of the oscillation switch element is lowered, so that the switching loss is small and the efficiency is not lowered.

The switching power supply device according to claim 2 , wherein the load state determination unit sets the maximum primary winding current flowing in the primary winding in the k-th (k is a natural number) oscillation period T (k) as Ipmax (k). The moving average power Wav of the oscillation cycle of m times (m is a natural number of 1 or more) that includes the nth oscillation cycle (n is a natural number of 1 or more) that determines the power consumption of

The power consumption of the load is calculated from the above.

  The moving average power Wav accumulated in the transformer in each of the m oscillation periods and output to the secondary side is substantially equal to the power consumption consumed by the load in each of the m oscillation periods. From the maximum primary winding current Ipmax (k) flowing through the primary winding detected on the primary side and the moving average value of each of the m oscillation periods T (k), the detection error has a small influence and is quantitatively detected.

  The switching power supply device according to claim 3 includes an auxiliary winding that generates a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the secondary winding on the primary side of the transformer, and a winding voltage monitoring unit that monitors the voltage of the auxiliary winding. The control unit increases / decreases the power consumption of the load determined by the load state determination unit so that the off-adjustment time T3 ends when the voltage of the auxiliary winding that vibrates due to pseudo resonance reaches any maximum value. Accordingly, the OFF adjustment time T3 for shortening / extending the elapsed time is adjusted.

  After the disappearance when the energy stored in the transformer disappears during the on-operation time, the voltage of the auxiliary winding oscillates by quasi-resonance, and thus a plurality of maximum values with different elapsed times from the disappearance appear. The load consumption is determined by ending the off-adjustment time T3 when either the short or long elapsed time from the disappearance reaches the maximum value according to the increase / decrease in the power consumption of the load determined by the load state determination unit. The off-adjustment time T3 is shortened / extended as the power increases / decreases.

  When the voltage of the auxiliary winding reaches the maximum value, the voltage applied to the oscillation switch element that is in the OFF operation is at the minimum value, and at this time, the OFF adjustment time T3 is terminated and the switch element is turned on. Therefore, the discharge current from the stray capacitance between the windings and the parasitic capacitance between the terminals of the switch element is small, energy loss in the switch element is small, and switching noise is hardly generated.

  In the switching power supply device according to claim 4, the oscillation control unit integrates the maximum value that appears in the voltage of the auxiliary winding after the disappearance, and responds to the increase / decrease in the power consumption of the load determined by the load state determination unit When the integrated value exceeds the load state threshold to be lowered / increased, the off-adjustment time T3 is terminated and the on-control of the next oscillation cycle is started.

  After the disappearance, the maximum value of the voltage of the auxiliary winding appears repeatedly with the passage of time from the disappearance, so the integrated value accumulated every time the maximum value appears depends on the elapsed time from the disappearance. To increase. The load state threshold decreases / increases as the power consumption of the load increases / decreases, so if a heavy load is connected, it will be a maximum value that appears earlier from the time of disappearance, and if a light load is connected, it will be more With the maximum value appearing later, each integrated value exceeds the load state threshold value and shifts to ON control. As a result, when the voltage applied to the oscillation switching element that is off is at a minimum value, the on-control is performed, and the off operation time until the on-control is increased according to the increase / decrease in the power consumption of the load / Extend.

  The switching power supply device according to claim 5 is characterized in that the output detecting unit detects the time of polarity reversal at which the polarity is first reversed after the flyback voltage is generated in the auxiliary winding as disappearance.

  The energy stored in the transformer during the on-operation time appears as a flyback voltage in the auxiliary winding, and after the energy disappears, a quasi-resonance that reverses the polarity alternately is started, so the polarity is reversed first. Time is the time when the energy stored in the transformer disappears.

から算定し、算定したエネルギーＥとそのエネルギーＥが蓄積される発振周期の時間Ｔをもとに負荷の消費電力を判別する負荷状態判別部と、オン動作時間にトランスに蓄積したエネルギーが消失する消失時を検出する出力検出部と、出力線の出力電圧及び／又は出力線に流れる出力電流を監視する出力監視回路と、出力電圧若しくは出力電流が所定の出力閾値を越えた時に、発振制御部へ帰還信号を出力する帰還制御部とを備え、発振制御部は、連続する各発振周期のオン動作時間を、帰還制御部から帰還信号が入力されていない間に漸増し、帰還信号が入力されている間に漸減するとともに、オフ制御から消失時までの出力時間Ｔ２に、負荷状態判別部が判別した負荷の消費電力の増／減に応じて経過時間を短縮／延長させるオフ調整時間Ｔ３を加えて、各発振周期のオフ動作時間とし、発振用スイッチ素子の発振周波数を、前記出力線間に接続される負荷が重負荷である場合に上昇させ、軽負荷である場合に低下させることを特徴とする。 The switching power supply device according to claim 6, a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary output winding, a DC power source for exciting the primary winding, an oscillation switch element connected in series with the primary winding, Oscillation control that repeats an oscillation cycle consisting of on / off control of the oscillation switch element, on-operation time from on-control of the oscillation switch element to off-control, and off-operation time from off-control to on-control And a rectifying / smoothing circuit for rectifying and smoothing the output of the secondary output winding, and connecting the energy accumulated in the transformer during the on operation time between the output lines of the rectifying and smoothing circuit during the off operation time A flyback type switching power supply device that outputs DC power to
A winding current detection unit that detects a winding current flowing in one of the windings of the transformer, and a maximum winding current detected by the winding current detection unit in one oscillation cycle is Imax, and the winding current flows. Let L be the inductance of the winding, and let the energy E accumulated in the transformer in one oscillation period be

The load state discriminating unit that discriminates the power consumption of the load based on the calculated energy E and the oscillation period time T in which the energy E is accumulated, and the energy accumulated in the transformer disappears during the on-operation time. An output detection unit for detecting the disappearance time, an output monitoring circuit for monitoring the output voltage of the output line and / or the output current flowing through the output line, and an oscillation control unit when the output voltage or output current exceeds a predetermined output threshold The oscillation control unit gradually increases the ON operation time of each continuous oscillation period while the feedback signal is not input from the feedback control unit, and the feedback signal is input. with gradually decreases while it is, the output time T2 to the time lost from oFF control, the oFF adjustment to shorten / extend the elapsed time in accordance with the increase / decrease of the power consumption of the load the load state judgment unit has judged Adding T3, the OFF operation time of each oscillation period, the oscillation frequency of the oscillating switching device, a load connected between the output line is raised when a heavy load, is reduced when a light load It is characterized by that .

  As long as the output voltage or output current is less than or equal to a predetermined output threshold, the ON operation time gradually increases, the maximum primary winding current Ipmax increases, and the output power Wout output to the output line gradually increases in one oscillation cycle When the output voltage or output current exceeds the output threshold, the ON operation time gradually decreases and the output power Wout gradually decreases. Therefore, the output voltage or output current becomes the output threshold regardless of the change in power consumption of the load. Constant voltage and / or constant current are controlled.

  According to the invention of claim 1, the power consumption of the load connected to the output line can be quantitatively detected, and the output power Wout per oscillation period can be finely controlled according to the power consumption of the load. it can.

  Moreover, even when a light load is connected, there is little switching loss and conversion efficiency does not fall.

In addition, the power consumption of the load connected between the output lines on the secondary side of the transformer can be quantitatively detected from the primary side of the transformer, and therefore the feedback signal representing the state of the load is isolated from the secondary side of the transformer. There is no need to provide a signal transmission element such as a photocoupler for outputting to the primary side of the transformer.

According to the invention of claim 2, the power consumption of the load is quantitatively detected with little influence by the detection error.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the off-adjustment time T3 can be easily shortened / extended in accordance with the increase / decrease of the load power consumption calculated quantitatively.

  Further, there is little energy loss in the oscillation switch element during on-control, and switching noise is hardly generated.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the timing at which the oscillation switch element is turned on is the time when the voltage applied to the oscillation switch element is at the minimum value, according to the increase / decrease in the power consumption of the load. It can be easily set when the OFF operation time is shortened / extended.

  According to the invention of claim 5, since the disappearance when the energy accumulated in the transformer disappears can be accurately detected from the polarity reversal when the polarity is first reversed, the adjustment of the off-adjustment time T3 started from the disappearance Thus, the off operation time of each oscillation period can be accurately controlled.

  According to the invention of claim 6, constant voltage and / or constant current control by pulse width modulation (PWM modulation) for changing the ON operation time of each oscillation cycle is performed by pulse frequency modulation (PFM modulation) for changing the oscillation frequency. The output power control can be executed independently in parallel without being affected by other controls.

  When output power Wout exceeding the power consumption of the load is generated even when a light load is connected and the oscillation frequency is lowered, the output voltage or output current exceeds the output threshold, and the on operation time gradually decreases. The maximum primary winding current Ipmax for each oscillation period decreases, and a large ripple voltage is not generated.

1 is a circuit diagram of a switching power supply device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a block diagram of an oscillation control unit 10. FIG. The waveform of each part of the switching power supply device 1 performing the oscillating operation is shown, (a) is a switching signal output from the output terminal Vg of the oscillation control unit 10, and (b) is the primary winding 3a of the transformer 3. The flowing primary winding current Ip, (c) is the drain-source voltage Vds of the oscillation switch element 4, (d) is the high-voltage side potential V3c of the first auxiliary winding 3c, (e) is the pseudo resonance. It is each waveform figure of the input of the integrating | accumulating part 37. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between each output state of the switching power supply device 1 and a voltage waveform appearing on a secondary output winding 3b of the transformer 3. FIG.

  A main configuration and basic operation of a switching power supply device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, 2 is an unstable DC power source composed of a high-voltage side terminal 2a and a low-voltage side terminal 2b of ground potential, and 3 is a primary winding 3a and a first auxiliary winding 3c wound on the primary side. And a second auxiliary winding 3d and a secondary output winding 3b wound on the secondary side, 4 is an oscillation switch element connected in series to the primary winding 3a, and 5 is a primary It is an Ip detection resistor for detecting the primary winding current Ip flowing through the winding 3a.

  Here, the oscillation switching element 4 is a MOS (insulated gate type) FET, the drain is connected to one end of the primary winding 3a, the source is connected to the low-voltage side terminal 2b via the Ip detection resistor 5, and the gate is The oscillation switch element 4 is connected to an oscillation control unit 10 for on / off control.

The oscillation controller 10 includes a smoothing rectifier circuit in which the circuit components shown in FIG. 2 are integrated on one chip and connected to the high-voltage side of the first auxiliary winding 3c that generates a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the secondary output winding 3b. 6 operates as a power source Vcc, a first voltage input terminal V ⁺ s connected to the high voltage side of the first auxiliary winding 3c, and a second auxiliary winding that generates a voltage of the same polarity as the secondary output winding 3b. The second voltage input terminal V ^- s connected to the high-voltage side of the line 3d, the Ip detection terminal Is connected to the high-voltage side of the Ip detection resistor 5, and the emitter of the photocoupler light receiving element 7 formed of a phototransistor. Based on the input signals respectively input from the feedback input terminal FB, a switching signal for determining the timing for controlling the on / off of the oscillation switch element 4 is generated, and the oscillation switch element 4 is controlled between the output terminal Vg and the on control. No A switching signal for applying a forward bias voltage to the gate is output.

  When a switching signal for on-controlling the oscillation switch element 4 is output from the oscillation control unit 10, a primary winding current (excitation current) Ip starts to flow through the primary winding 3 a connected in series to the oscillation switch element 4. An induced electromotive force is generated in each of the three windings. Thereafter, when a predetermined on-operation time T1 has elapsed, a switching signal for controlling the oscillation switch element 4 to be turned off is output from the oscillation control unit 10 and the oscillation switch element 4 is turned off, so that the primary winding current flowing in the primary winding 3a. Ip is substantially cut off, and so-called flyback voltage is generated in each winding of the transformer 3. At this time, the flyback voltage generated in the secondary output winding 3b is rectified and smoothed by the smoothing rectifier circuits 12 and 13 formed by the rectifying diode 12 and the smoothing capacitor 13, and connected between the output lines 20a and 20b. Is output as electric power supplied to the load to be processed.

  When the electrical energy accumulated in the secondary output winding 3b is terminated by the induced back electromotive force, the flyback voltage appearing in each winding of the transformer 3 disappears, and instead the primary winding 3a and the oscillation Pseudo-resonance due to series resonance between the stray capacitance of the switch element 4 and the primary winding 3a starts, and the amplitude gradually decreases with the passage of time after the flyback voltage disappears.

  After a predetermined OFF operation time after the output time T2 from when the oscillation switch element 4 is turned off until the flyback voltage disappears, the oscillation switch unit 4 is turned on again from the oscillation control unit 10. In this way, a series of oscillation operations with the on operation time T1 and the off operation time as one oscillation period T are repeated.

  The switching power supply device 1 according to the present embodiment includes a constant voltage and constant current control circuit that controls the output voltage and output current to the load to a predetermined reference voltage and reference current, as shown in FIG. Voltage monitoring is performed to monitor the output voltage and output current between the output lines 20a and 20b to which the load is connected, and when either of them exceeds a predetermined reference voltage or reference current, the photocoupler light emitting element 11 in the figure emits light. A circuit and a current monitoring circuit are provided.

  In the voltage monitoring circuit, the voltage dividing resistors 14 and 15 are connected in series between the high-voltage side output line 20a and the low-voltage side output line 20b, and the divided voltage of the output voltage is obtained from the intermediate tap 16 so that the error amplifier 17 Is input to the inverting input terminal. Further, a voltage monitoring reference power supply 18 is connected between the non-inverting input terminal of the error amplifier 17 and the low-voltage side output line 20b, and a first comparison for comparing the output voltage divided with the non-inverting input terminal. The voltage is input. The reference voltage is set to an arbitrary value by changing the resistance value of the voltage dividing resistors 14 and 15 or the first comparison voltage of the voltage monitoring reference power supply 18. The output side of the error amplifier 17 is connected to the photocoupler light-receiving element 11 that is photocoupled with the photocoupler light-receiving element 7 described above.

  In addition, the current monitoring circuit has a current detection resistor 19 interposed in the low-voltage output line 20b, one end of the current detection resistor 19 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the error amplifier 21, and the other end is connected to the current monitoring reference power supply 22. To the non-inverting input terminal. As a result, the output current flowing through the low-voltage side output line 20b is represented by a potential difference between both ends of the current detection resistor 19, and is compared with the second comparison voltage of the current monitoring reference power supply 22 by the error amplifier 21. It can be determined whether the current has been exceeded. The reference current is set to an arbitrary value by changing the resistance value of the current detection resistor 19 or the second comparison voltage of the current monitoring reference power supply 22. The output side of the error amplifier 21 is also connected to the photocoupler light emitting element 11 together with the output side of the error amplifier 17 that monitors the output voltage.

The photocoupler light emitting element 11 increases or decreases in light emission according to the output of the error amplifiers 17 and 21, that is, the difference between the output voltage exceeding the reference voltage or the output current exceeding the reference current, and photocouples to the photocoupler light emitting element 11. A large collector current flows in the coupler light receiving element 7 in accordance with the difference between the output voltage and the output current exceeding the reference voltage and the reference current, and the collector-emitter voltage V _CE that increases as the collector current increases is controlled to oscillate. Appears at the feedback input terminal FB of the unit 10.

On the other hand, the oscillation control unit 10, as long as the photocoupler light-receiving element 7 does not receive the light from the photocoupler light-emitting element 11, that is, as long as the voltage V _CE is input to the feedback input terminal FB does not increase, as described below, When the Ip detection voltage input from the Ip detection terminal Is reaches an on reference voltage set to a predetermined value, a switching signal for controlling the oscillation switch element 4 to be turned off is output from the output terminal Vg. Since the Ip detection voltage represents the primary winding current Ip that increases in proportion to the elapsed time after the oscillation switch element 4 is turned on, the on reference voltage is during the period when the photocoupler light emitting element 11 is not emitting light. The maximum primary winding current Ipmax flowing through the primary winding 3a and the ON operation time T1 until reaching the maximum primary winding current Ipmax are determined.

  Here, the energy E accumulated in the transformer 3 by exciting the primary winding 3a with the primary winding current Ip during the on-operation time T1 of one oscillation period T is L1 as the inductance of the primary winding 3a. Assuming that the maximum winding current flowing through 3a is Ipmax,

The maximum primary winding current Ipmax is determined from the on-reference voltage so that the energy E calculated from the equation (4) is equal to or higher than the energy consumed by the rated power load. As a result, as long as the rated power load is connected between the output lines 20a and 20b, the output voltage or output current rises until the photocoupler light emitting element 11 emits light exceeding the reference voltage or reference current.

If any of the output voltage or the output current exceeds the reference voltage or reference current, the photo coupler light-emitting element 11 emits light in an amount corresponding to the difference exceeding the voltage V _CE is input to the feedback input terminal FB is to the difference Rises accordingly. Oscillation control unit 10, the Ip detection voltage input from the Ip detection terminal Is in the adding circuit 31 to be described later, by adding the increased voltage V _CE, and compares the sum value and on the reference voltage. As a result, the voltage V _CE that increases according to the difference is added to the Ip detection voltage that rises after the ON operation, whereby the OFF control timing is accelerated according to the difference, the ON operation time T1 is shortened, and the maximum primary winding current is reduced. Ipmax also decreases, and the energy E calculated from the equation (4) decreases, so that the output voltage or output current that exceeds the reference voltage or reference current decreases to a reference value or less.

  In the switching power supply device 1, the output voltage and output current of the output lines 20a and 20b are controlled to be constant voltage and constant current by pulse width modulation (PWM) that changes the ON operation time T1 for each oscillation period T in this way, Further, in conjunction with this control, power corresponding to the power consumption of the load is generated by pulse frequency modulation (PFM) that changes one oscillation period T consisting of the OFF operation time after the ON operation time T1.

  Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the oscillation control unit 10 that outputs the switching signal whose ON operation time T1 and OFF operation time are determined for each oscillation period T to the oscillation switch element 4 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. To do. A switching signal composed of a binary signal has an ON control signal that changes from an L level (hereinafter simply referred to as “L”) to an H level (hereinafter simply referred to as “H”) at the ON terminal of the multivibrator 32 shown in FIG. “H” when input, and “L” when an OFF control signal that changes from “L” to “H” is input to the OFF terminal. While the switching signal is “H”, the output terminal Vg is used. Then, a forward bias voltage is applied to the gate of the oscillation switch element 4 so that the oscillation switch element 4 is turned on. While the oscillation switch element 4 is “L”, the bias voltage is stopped and the oscillation switch element 4 is turned off. .

  That is, each oscillation period T includes an on operation time T1 from an on control when an on control signal is input to the ON terminal of the multivibrator 32 to an off control when an off control signal is input to the OFF terminal, and an on operation time T1. After that, the ON operation time until the next ON control signal is input to the ON terminal, and the ON operation time T1 and the OFF operation time of each oscillation period T are respectively the ON control time and OFF control time. It is determined by adjusting the timing of the hour.

The timing at the time of OFF control is the Ip detection voltage input from the Ip detection terminal Is, the voltage V _CE input to the feedback input terminal FB, and the second auxiliary winding input to the second voltage input terminal V ^- s. It is adjusted based on the high-side potential V3d of 3d. As described above, the Ip detection voltage and the voltage _VCE are added by the adder circuit 31, and the added value is input to the non-inverting input of the comparator 33 and compared with the voltage of the variable reference power supply 34 connected to the inverting input. The The voltage of the variable reference power supply 34 is variably controlled by the output protection circuit 35, but is normally set to the above-described on reference voltage. That is, if the Ip detection voltage that rises after the on-control exceeds the on-reference voltage without adding the voltage V _CE , the output from the “L” to “H” of the comparator 33 is output via the OR circuit 36 to the multivibrator 32. The maximum primary winding current Ipmax flowing through the primary winding 3a during the off control and the energy E calculated from the equation (4) is equal to or greater than the energy consumed by the rated power load. Become.

In addition, when the output voltage or output current exceeds the reference voltage or reference current, the voltage V _CE that increases according to the difference is added to the Ip detection voltage, so that the ON reference voltage is exceeded sooner after the ON control. Thus, the OFF control signal is input to the OFF terminal of the multivibrator 32, the timing at the OFF control is advanced according to the difference, and the ON operation time T1 is shortened.

The output protection circuit 35 detects the output voltage between the output lines 20a and 20b from the flyback voltage appearing in the high-voltage side potential V3d of the second auxiliary winding 3d input to the second voltage input terminal V ^- s, and outputs the detected voltage. When an abnormal drop in voltage is detected, the voltage of the variable reference power supply 34 is greatly reduced from the on-reference voltage, and the on-operation time T1 is greatly shortened. An abnormal decrease in output voltage when used as a charger for a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery may cause a short circuit on the secondary battery side, greatly reducing the output power Wout from the switching power supply 1. To protect.

  The output of the comparator 37 is connected to the other input of the OR circuit 36 to which the output of the comparator 33 is input. The comparator 37 compares the Ip detection voltage input to the non-inverting input with the limit voltage of the fixed power supply 38 input to the inverting input. When the Ip detection voltage exceeds the limit voltage, the comparator 37 is the same as the comparator 37. , “H” is output from “L”, and the oscillation switch element 4 is controlled to be turned off. The limit voltage of the fixed power supply 38 is set to a voltage higher than the on-reference voltage of the variable reference power supply 34, and the maximum on-operation time T1 is determined even if the operation of the comparator 37 or the variable reference power supply 34 is defective. The transformer 3 is prevented from being saturated.

The timing at the time of ON control is the integrated voltage value SVmax obtained by integrating the maximum value of the pseudo resonance by the pseudo resonance integrating unit 37 from the high voltage side potential V3c of the first auxiliary winding 3c input to the first voltage input terminal V ⁺ s. Is adjusted when the comparison voltage Vwav of the variable reference power supply 39 is exceeded. Since the comparison voltage Vwav of the variable reference power supply 39 is variably controlled in accordance with the increase / decrease of the moving average power Wav calculated by the load state determination unit 38, the integrated voltage value obtained by integrating the maximum value of the pseudo resonance substantially. The time when the SVmax exceeds the moving average power Wav calculated by the load state determination unit 38 is the on-control time.

  As shown in the waveform diagram of the high-voltage side potential V3c of the first auxiliary winding 3c in FIG. 3D, when the oscillation switch element 4 is turned off, the primary winding current Ip is stored in the transformer 3 during the on operation time T1. The generated energy appears as a negative flyback voltage in the first auxiliary winding 3c, and all energy is released from the output lines 20a and 20b during the output time T2 after the off control, and the flyback voltage disappears. After the time td, a pseudo-resonance in which the amplitude gradually decreases while the polarity is alternately reversed with the passage of time after the disappearance time td starts.

As shown in FIG. 3E, the quasi-resonance integrating unit 37 that inputs the high-voltage side potential V3c of the first auxiliary winding 3c from the first voltage input terminal V ⁺ s through the diode 44 connected in the forward direction. In addition, only the positive waveform of the resonance waveform that quasi-resonates is input intermittently, and the local maximum value of each waveform input intermittently gradually decreases due to the decrease in amplitude. The disappearance time td when all the energy stored in the transformer 3 disappears in each oscillation period T is, for example, when the polarity of the high-voltage side potential V3c after the ON operation time T1 ends is reversed from negative to positive. The resonance integrating unit 37 can detect this time when a positive resonance waveform appears in FIG. The quasi-resonance integration unit 37 detects the maximum value every time the oscillation waveform T appears after the disappearance time td, and uses the integrated voltage value SVmax integrated with the maximum value as the comparison voltage of the variable reference power supply 39. It outputs to the non-inverting input of the comparator 40 which compares with Vwav. The integrated voltage value SVmax calculated by the quasi-resonant integrating unit 37 is reset when on-control of the next oscillation period T described later is started.

  The load state determination unit 38 quantitatively determines the power consumption of the load connected to the output lines 20a and 20b, and controls the comparison voltage Vwav of the variable reference power supply 39 according to the determination value. Then, the moving average power Wav calculated from the Ip detection voltage input from the Ip detection terminal Is and the oscillation period T of the switching signal output from the multivibrator 32 is used as a determination value of the power consumption of the load.

  As described above, the energy E accumulated in the transformer 3 by exciting the primary winding 3a with the primary winding current Ip during the on-operation time T1 of one oscillation period T is:

The output power Wout that is output from the output lines 20a and 20b in the oscillation period T and is calculated from the equation (4) is all consumed by the load during the same oscillation period T. Almost balanced with

The output power Wout calculated from is a guideline for determining the power consumption consumed by the load in the oscillation period T.

  Since a detection error occurs in the output power Wout calculated for each oscillation period T, the load state determination unit 38 continuously includes the nth (n is a natural number of 1 or more) oscillation period for determining the power consumption of the load. The moving average power Wav of the oscillation period of m times (m is a natural number of 1 or more)

And is used as a discriminating value for load power consumption.

  In the present embodiment, the power consumption of the load is a moving average of two (m = 3) oscillation periods that are consecutive and including the oscillation period T (n) from the third (n is 3 or more) oscillation period. Electric power Wav,

The comparison voltage Vwav of the variable reference power supply 39 is set to a voltage that decreases when the moving average power Wav calculated from the equation (6) increases and increases when the moving average power Wav decreases. Here, the inductance L1 of the primary winding 3a is a known value, and the kth (k is a natural number) oscillation period T (k) is derived from the kth period of the switching signal output from the multivibrator 32. The maximum primary winding current Ipmax (k) is obtained from a value obtained by dividing the Ip detection voltage input from the Ip detection terminal Is during the OFF control of the oscillation cycle T (k) by the resistance value of the Ip detection resistor 5.

  The maximum value of the comparison voltage Vwav that can be varied according to the moving average power Wav is a voltage that is at least lower than the integrated voltage value SVmax obtained by integrating the maximum values of all the resonance waveforms that appear when the ON control is not performed after the disappearance td. The on-control of the next oscillation cycle is always performed while the resonance is occurring. This is because the maximum value of the quasi-resonant waveform decays with the elapsed time, so that the integrated voltage value SVmax converges to a constant value that does not reach the comparison voltage Vwav, and the next oscillation cycle may not be turned on. However, if the integrated voltage value SVmax does not exceed the comparison voltage Vwav even after a lapse of a certain time after the disappearance td, an ON control signal is generated and input to the ON terminal of the multivibrator 32, the output voltage, On the condition that the output current does not exceed the reference voltage or the reference current for a certain time, an ON control signal may be input to the ON terminal of the multivibrator 32 to promote the next oscillation.

  As shown in FIG. 2, in order to compare the integrated voltage value SVmax and the moving average power Wav, a quasi-resonant integrating unit 37 that outputs the integrated voltage value SVmax to the non-inverting input of the comparator 40 has a moving average as the inverting input. A variable reference power supply 39 that outputs a comparison voltage Vwav proportional to the power Wav is connected to each other. The output of the comparator 40 is connected to the SET input of the RS flip-flop 41. When the integrated voltage value SVmax exceeds the comparison voltage Vwav, the SET input of the RS flip-flop 41 changes from “L” to “H”. On the other hand, as shown in the figure, the RESET input of the RS flip-flop 41 is connected to the output of the OR circuit 36 together with the OFF terminal of the multivibrator 32, and the OFF terminal from the OR circuit 36 is changed from “L” to “H”. When the signal is output, the RESET input of the RS flip-flop 41 also changes from “L” to “H”. The RS flip-flop 41 outputs “H” in the initial state, and the RESET input changes from “L” to “H”, that is, the ON operation time T1 ends and “L” is output. In addition, when the SET input changes from “L” to “H”, “H” is output.

  The output of the RS flip-flop 41 is connected to one input of the AND circuit 42, and the other input of the AND circuit 42 is connected to the output of the activation circuit 43. The activation circuit 43 is a circuit for starting the oscillation by turning on the oscillation switch element 4 when the switching power supply device 1 is activated, and always outputs “H” after activation. Since the AND circuit 42 is connected to the ON terminal of the multivibrator 32, when the output of the RS flip-flop 41 changes from “L” to “H”, the ON terminal of the multivibrator 32 changes from “L” to “H”. Is turned on, and the oscillation switch element 4 is turned on.

  That is, the timing for turning on the oscillation switch element 4 is set according to the moving average power Wav calculated from the equation (6), with the integrated voltage value SVmax increasing every time the pseudo resonance waveform appears after the disappearance time td. Since the output of the comparator 40 changes from “L” to “H” beyond the comparison voltage Vwav, the next turn-on control timing is adjusted by the moving average power Wav calculated for each oscillation period. The

  This will be described with reference to FIG. 3E. For example, the moving average power Wav (k) calculated from the equation (6) for each oscillation period gradually decreases from the (n−2) th to the nth oscillation period, Assuming that the comparison voltage Vwav set from the moving average power Wav (k) is gradually increased, in the (n−2) th oscillation period T (n−2), first after the disappearance time td when the output time T2 ends. When the maximum value V1 (n-2) of the vibration waveform that appears is the integrated voltage value SVmax, the comparison voltage Vwav (n-2) set from the (n-2) th moving average power Wav (n-2) is And the on-control to start the next oscillation cycle T (n-1) is performed.

  In the next oscillation cycle T (n−1), the integrated voltage value SVmax obtained by integrating the second maximum value V2 (n−1) with the first maximum value V1 (n−1) is the n−1th. When the comparison voltage Vwav (n-1) set from the moving average power Wav (n-1) is exceeded, that is, when the maximum value of the second vibration waveform appears, the next oscillation cycle T (n) is started. Similarly, in the oscillation period T (n), the maximum value V3 (n) of the third vibration waveform appears, and V1 (integrated from the first maximum value to the third maximum value) is obtained. n) When the integrated voltage value SVmax of + V2 (n) + V3 (n) exceeds the comparison voltage Vwav (n) set in the nth oscillation cycle, the on control is started to start the next oscillation cycle T (n + 1). .

  That is, as the moving average power Wav calculated for each oscillation period is larger, the comparison voltage Vwav is decreased, thereby reducing the off adjustment time T3 until the next on control after the output time T2, and conversely the moving average power By increasing the comparison voltage Vwav as Wav is smaller, the off adjustment time T3 until the next on control after the output time T2 is extended, and according to the moving average power Wav that quantitatively represents the power consumption of the load, The length of each oscillation cycle T or the oscillation frequency f can be variably controlled.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (d), the high-voltage side potential V3c during the quasi-resonance of the first auxiliary winding 3c that generates a voltage having the same polarity as the primary winding 3a of the transformer 3 is any maximum. Since the oscillation switch element 4 is turned on when the value reaches the value, as shown in FIG. 3C, the drain-source voltage Vds of the oscillation switch element 4 composed of the MOS FET is minimized. On-control is performed at a certain time, energy loss in the oscillation switch element 4 during the on-control is small, and switching noise is hardly generated.

  As described above, by adjusting the timing of inputting the ON control signal to the ON terminal of the multivibrator 32 for each oscillation period T, the OFF operation time obtained by adding the OFF adjustment time T3 to the output time T2 is variably controlled. PFM modulation (frequency modulation) for changing the switching frequency f of the switching signal according to the power consumption of the load is performed, and the output voltage, the reference voltage, and the output are adjusted by adjusting the timing of inputting the OFF control signal to the OFF terminal. PWM modulation (pulse width modulation) is performed to change the ON operation time T1 of the switching signal according to the difference between the current and the reference current.

  Here, the off operation time is determined from the equation (3) in consideration of the on operation time T1 that changes by the PWM modulation, that is, the maximum primary winding current Ipmax that is proportional to the on operation time T1, and therefore the control by the PWM modulation. It is possible to control the output by PFM modulation according to the power consumption of the load without being influenced by.

  The operation of the switching power supply device 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG. In a no-load state where no load is connected between the output lines 20a and 20b, an output current is not detected while the output voltage is controlled to a constant voltage of about 5.3V, so the voltage waveform of the secondary output winding 3b ( As shown in 1), the off adjustment time T3 is adjusted to a sufficiently long time, and the intermittent oscillation operation is repeated with a sufficiently long oscillation period.

  When a light load having a low output current of about 0.1 A is connected while the output voltage is controlled to a constant voltage of about 5.3 V, the voltage waveform (2) of the secondary output winding 3b is As shown, the OFF adjustment time T3 is adjusted to a sufficiently long time in accordance with the low power consumption of the load, and the switching signal has a low switching frequency f. Thus, in the state where no load or light load is connected, the ON operation time T1 is short and the maximum primary winding current Ipmax is low, so that a large ripple voltage does not occur.

  In the state where the output voltage is controlled to a constant voltage of about 5.3 V, the voltage waveform (3) to (3) to ( As shown in 7), the OFF adjustment time T3 is shortened in accordance with the increase in power consumption, and the oscillation switch element 4 is ON / OFF controlled by a switching signal having a higher switching frequency f. In the state where the load with the maximum power consumption is connected, as shown in the voltage waveform (7) of the secondary output winding 3b, the first auxiliary winding 3c is first maximized after the disappearance td when the flyback voltage disappears. Since the off operation time ends when a value appears, one oscillation cycle is minimized, and the oscillation switch element 4 is on / off controlled at the highest switching frequency f.

  When the output voltage is lowered due to a reduction in load power consumption while the output current is controlled at a constant current of 0.7 A, as shown in voltage waveforms (8) to (10) of the secondary output winding 3b, The OFF adjustment time T3 is extended in accordance with the decrease in power consumption, and the oscillation switch element 4 is ON / OFF controlled at a lower switching frequency f.

  When an abnormally reduced output voltage is detected in a state where a constant output current is flowing, it is assumed that there is a possibility that a short circuit has occurred on the output side, and the output voltage monitoring circuit 35 detects the voltage of the variable reference power supply 34. Is significantly lowered from the on-reference voltage to significantly shorten the on-operation time T1. As a result, the maximum primary winding current Ipmax is significantly reduced, the moving average power Wav determined from the equation (3) becomes a value indicating a light load connection, and the voltage waveform (11) of the secondary output winding 3b is Similarly to the voltage waveform (3) of the secondary output winding 3b, the switching frequency f is low.

  In the embodiment described above, the moving average power Wav calculated from the equations (3) and (6) is used as the discriminating value of the power consumption of the load. However, the output power of one oscillation period T calculated by the equation (5) or the like. The discriminant value may be obtained from Wout.

The moving average power Wav and the output power Wout of one oscillation period T are calculated from the inductance L1 of the primary winding 3a of the transformer 3 and the maximum primary winding current Ipmax flowing through the primary winding 3a. It is also possible to calculate using the equation (2) from the inductance L of any of the windings and the maximum current Imax flowing through the winding. For example, the inductance L and the maximum current Imax in the equation (2), the inductance L2 of the secondary output winding 3b of the transformer 3 and the maximum maximum current Ismax that flows in the secondary output winding 3b at the output time T2 (in the off control) By dividing the energy E accumulated in the transformer 3 of one oscillation period T obtained by substituting the current flowing in the secondary output winding 3b by the oscillation period T,
The output power Wout of one oscillation period T is

May be obtained from

  Further, the moving average power Wav is calculated as an average of the output power Wout output in each successive m oscillation cycles, but the total energy accumulated in the transformer 3 in each successive m oscillation cycles is calculated. It can also be calculated by dividing by the sum of m consecutive oscillation periods.

  In the above-described embodiment, the moving average power Wav and the output power Wout of one oscillation period T are used as the determination values of the power consumption of the load, and one oscillation period T of the switching signal is varied according to the determination values. However, the switching frequency f of the switching signal may be variably controlled directly according to the discriminant value.

  Further, the switching power supply device 1 described above performs PWM modulation on the switching signal and performs constant voltage or constant current control on the output voltage or output current. However, the switching power supply device 1 does not necessarily perform PWM modulation on the switching signal and responds to the power consumption of the load. It is also possible to control the output power Wout by PFM modulating the switching signal and changing only the switching frequency f.

  The present invention is suitable for a switching power supply apparatus that supplies DC power to various loads that have different power consumption.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Switching power supply device 2 DC power supply 3 Transformer 3a Primary winding 3a
3b Secondary output winding 3c First auxiliary winding 4 Oscillation switch element 5 Ip detection resistor (winding current detection unit)
7 Photocoupler light receiving element (feedback controller)
10 Oscillation Control Unit 11 Photocoupler Light Emitting Element (Feedback Control Unit)
12, 13 Rectifier smoothing circuit 17, 21 Error amplifier (output monitoring circuit)
20a, 20b Output line 37 Quasi-resonance integration unit (output detection unit, winding voltage detection unit)
38 Load state determination unit td Disappearance T1 ON operation time T3 OFF adjustment time

Claims (6)

A transformer having a primary winding and a secondary output winding;
To the DC power source for exciting the primary winding, the oscillation switch element connected in series with the primary winding,
Oscillation control that repeats an oscillation cycle consisting of on / off control of the oscillation switch element, on-operation time from on-control of the oscillation switch element to off-control, and off-operation time from off-control to on-control And
A rectifying / smoothing circuit for rectifying and smoothing the output of the secondary output winding,
A flyback type switching power supply that outputs energy stored in a transformer during on operation time as DC power to a load connected between output lines of the rectifying and smoothing circuit during off operation time,
A winding current detector for detecting a primary winding current flowing in the primary winding of the transformer;
Energy stored in the transformer in one oscillation cycle, where Ipmax is the maximum primary winding current of the primary winding current detected by the winding current detection unit in one oscillation cycle and L1 is the inductance of the primary winding through which the primary winding current flows. E

A load state determination unit that determines the power consumption of the load based on the calculated energy E and the oscillation period time T in which the energy E is accumulated;
With an output detector that detects when the energy stored in the transformer disappears during the on-operation time,
The oscillation control unit adds an off adjustment time T3 that shortens / extends the elapsed time according to the increase / decrease of the power consumption of the load determined by the load state determination unit to the output time T2 from the off control to the disappearance, The off operation time for each oscillation period
A switching power supply device characterized in that an oscillation frequency of an oscillation switch element is increased when a load connected between the output lines is a heavy load, and is decreased when the load is a light load. The load state discriminating unit discriminates the power consumption of the load with the maximum primary winding current flowing through the primary winding in the k-th (k is a natural number) oscillation period T (k) as Ipmax (k). The moving average power Wav of the oscillation period of m times (m is a natural number of 1 or more) continuously including the oscillation period of 1 or more natural number,

The switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein the power consumption of the load is calculated from An auxiliary winding that generates a voltage of the opposite polarity to the secondary winding on the primary side of the transformer;
It has a winding voltage monitor that monitors the voltage of the auxiliary winding,
The oscillation control unit increases / decreases the power consumption of the load determined by the load state determination unit so that the off-adjustment time T3 ends when the voltage of the auxiliary winding that vibrates due to pseudo resonance reaches any maximum value. The switching power supply device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an off-adjustment time T3 for shortening / extending the elapsed time is adjusted according to. The oscillation control unit integrates the maximum value that appears in the voltage of the auxiliary winding after disappearance, and integrates the load state threshold that decreases / increases according to the increase / decrease of the power consumption of the load determined by the load state determination unit 4. The switching power supply device according to claim 3, wherein when the time exceeds, the off-adjustment time T <b> 3 is ended and the on-control of the next oscillation cycle is started. The output detection unit detects a polarity reversal time at which the polarity is first reversed after a flyback voltage is generated in the auxiliary winding as a disappearance time. The switching power supply device described in 1. A transformer having a primary winding and a secondary output winding;
To the DC power source for exciting the primary winding, the oscillation switch element connected in series with the primary winding,
Oscillation control that repeats an oscillation cycle consisting of on / off control of the oscillation switch element, on-operation time from on-control of the oscillation switch element to off-control, and off-operation time from off-control to on-control And
A rectifying / smoothing circuit for rectifying and smoothing the output of the secondary output winding,
A flyback type switching power supply that outputs energy stored in a transformer during on operation time as DC power to a load connected between output lines of the rectifying and smoothing circuit during off operation time,
A winding current detection unit for detecting a winding current flowing in one of the transformer windings;
The maximum winding current of the winding current detected by the winding current detector in one oscillation cycle is Imax, the inductance of the winding through which the winding current flows is L, and the energy E accumulated in the transformer in one oscillation cycle is

A load state determination unit that determines the power consumption of the load based on the calculated energy E and the oscillation period time T in which the energy E is accumulated;
An output detector that detects when the energy stored in the transformer disappears during the on-operation time ;
An output monitoring circuit for monitoring the output voltage of the output line and / or the output current flowing through the output line;
A feedback control unit that outputs a feedback signal to the oscillation control unit when the output voltage or output current exceeds a predetermined output threshold;
The oscillation control unit gradually increases the ON operation time of each continuous oscillation period while the feedback signal is not input from the feedback control unit, gradually decreases while the feedback signal is input, and at the time of disappearance from the OFF control. Is added to the output time T2 until the off-time adjustment time T3 that shortens / extends the elapsed time according to the increase / decrease in the power consumption of the load determined by the load state determination unit , and the off operation time of each oscillation cycle ,
A switching power supply device characterized in that an oscillation frequency of an oscillation switch element is increased when a load connected between the output lines is a heavy load, and is decreased when the load is a light load .

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