JP5850403B2 - Air battery - Google Patents

Air battery Download PDF

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JP5850403B2
JP5850403B2 JP2012052768A JP2012052768A JP5850403B2 JP 5850403 B2 JP5850403 B2 JP 5850403B2 JP 2012052768 A JP2012052768 A JP 2012052768A JP 2012052768 A JP2012052768 A JP 2012052768A JP 5850403 B2 JP5850403 B2 JP 5850403B2
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electrode layer
flow path
positive electrode
air
path forming
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JP2013187113A (en
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佳子 塚田
佳子 塚田
宮澤 篤史
篤史 宮澤
長山 森
森 長山
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2012052768A priority Critical patent/JP5850403B2/en
Priority to EP13757388.7A priority patent/EP2824755B1/en
Priority to CN201380012924.7A priority patent/CN104170158B/en
Priority to US14/383,840 priority patent/US9780423B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2013/054282 priority patent/WO2013133029A1/en
Priority to TW102108065A priority patent/TWI478419B/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

本発明は、酸素を正極活物質として利用する空気電池に関し、とくに、複数個を接続して組電池を構成するのに好適な空気電池に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an air battery that uses oxygen as a positive electrode active material, and more particularly to an air battery suitable for connecting a plurality of air batteries to form an assembled battery.

従来における空気電池としては、例えば、特許文献1に記載されたものがあった。特許文献1に記載の空気電池は、非水電解質層を正極及び負極で挟んで電極群を構成し、この電池群を正極及び負極の各端子とともに収容ケースに収容した構造である。両端子は、収容ケースから互いに相反する方向に突出している。また、空気電池は、収容ケースの正極側の壁部に複数の空気孔を有すると共に、これらの空気孔をシールテープで閉塞し、使用時には、シールテープを剥がすことで空気孔を開放して、正極に空気(酸素)を供給するようになっている。   As a conventional air battery, for example, there is one described in Patent Document 1. The air battery described in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a nonaqueous electrolyte layer is sandwiched between a positive electrode and a negative electrode to form an electrode group, and this battery group is housed in a housing case together with the positive electrode and negative electrode terminals. Both terminals protrude from the housing case in opposite directions. In addition, the air battery has a plurality of air holes on the positive wall of the housing case, closes these air holes with a seal tape, and when used, opens the air holes by peeling off the seal tape, Air (oxygen) is supplied to the positive electrode.

特許第3735518号公報Japanese Patent No. 3735518

ところで、近年では、自動車等の車両の電源又は補助電源として使用する空気電池の研究開発が進められている。車載用の空気電池は、車両に要求される出力及び容量や、狭いスペースへの搭載性などを考慮すると、構造を簡単にして薄型にし、複数個を直列に接続して組電池を構成し得るものにする必要がある。ところが、上記したような従来の空気電池は、互いに直接接続することができない構造であるから、車載用の電源に適用することは実質的に不可能であった。   By the way, in recent years, research and development of an air battery used as a power source or auxiliary power source of a vehicle such as an automobile has been advanced. An in-vehicle air battery can be configured to be simple and thin, and a plurality of batteries can be connected in series in consideration of the output and capacity required for vehicles, mountability in a narrow space, and the like. It needs to be a thing. However, since the conventional air batteries as described above cannot be directly connected to each other, it is practically impossible to apply to a vehicle-mounted power source.

また、この種の空気電池では、正極層を薄い通気性材料で形成するので、金属製の負極層に比べて正極層の機械的強度が低く、しかも、使用開始後には、発熱や酸化物の生成に伴って電解液が膨張し、正極層が外側に撓むことがある。このため、とくに薄型化を図る空気電池では、内部抵抗が増加したり、空気流路の断面積が減少したりして、出力の低下が生じ易いという問題点があり、このような問題点を解決することが課題であった。   In addition, in this type of air battery, the positive electrode layer is formed of a thin air-permeable material, so that the mechanical strength of the positive electrode layer is lower than that of a metal negative electrode layer, and heat generation and oxide The electrolyte may expand with the generation, and the positive electrode layer may bend outward. For this reason, especially in an air battery that is designed to be thin, there is a problem that the internal resistance increases or the cross-sectional area of the air flow path decreases, and the output is likely to decrease. It was a problem to solve.

本発明は、上記従来の課題に着目して成されたもので、電解液の膨張に伴う内部抵抗の増加を接触抵抗の低減で相殺することができると共に、空気流路の所定の断面積を維持することができ、車載用として好適な薄型の空気電池を提供することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-described conventional problems, and can increase the internal resistance accompanying the expansion of the electrolyte solution by offsetting the contact resistance and reduce the predetermined cross-sectional area of the air flow path. An object of the present invention is to provide a thin air battery that can be maintained and is suitable for in-vehicle use.

本発明の空気電池は、電解質層を間にして正極層及び負極層を備えている。電解質層には、電解液を含むことができる。そして、空気電池は、正極層及び負極層の少なくとも一方が、複数の空気電池を積層した際に隣接する空気電池との間に介在して正極層に対する空気流路を形成する流路形成部材を備え、この流路形成部材が、導電性を有し且つ電解質層の膨張に対応した弾性変形機能を有している構成としており、上記構成をもって従来の課題を解決するための手段としている。   The air battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer with an electrolyte layer interposed therebetween. The electrolyte layer can contain an electrolytic solution. The air battery includes a flow path forming member in which at least one of the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer is interposed between adjacent air batteries when a plurality of air batteries are stacked to form an air flow path for the positive electrode layer. The flow path forming member has a conductivity and an elastic deformation function corresponding to the expansion of the electrolyte layer, and the above configuration is a means for solving the conventional problems.

本発明の空気電池によれば、上記構成を採用したことから、電解液の膨張に伴う内部抵抗の増加を接触抵抗の低減で相殺することができると共に、空気流路の所定の断面積を維持することができる。これにより出力の低下を防ぐことができると共に、車載用として好適な薄型化に貢献することができる。   According to the air battery of the present invention, since the above configuration is adopted, an increase in internal resistance accompanying the expansion of the electrolyte can be offset by a reduction in contact resistance, and a predetermined cross-sectional area of the air flow path is maintained. can do. As a result, it is possible to prevent a decrease in output and contribute to a reduction in thickness suitable for in-vehicle use.

本発明の空気電池の一実施形態を説明する断面図(A)、電解液が膨張した状態を示す断面図(B)である。It is sectional drawing (A) explaining one Embodiment of the air battery of this invention, and sectional drawing (B) which shows the state which electrolyte solution expanded. 図1に示す空気電池の平面図(A)、図A中のB−B線での断面図(B)である。It is a top view (A) of the air battery shown in FIG. 1, and sectional drawing (B) in the BB line in FIG. A. 図1に示す空気電池を分解した状態で説明する断面図である。It is sectional drawing demonstrated in the state which decomposed | disassembled the air battery shown in FIG. 図1に示す空気電池を積層した組電池を説明する断面図である。It is sectional drawing explaining the assembled battery which laminated | stacked the air battery shown in FIG. 流路形成部材の他の例を示す側面図(A)、及び圧縮変形した状態を示す側面図(B)である。It is the side view (A) which shows the other example of a flow-path formation member, and the side view (B) which shows the state compressed and deformed. 流路形成部材のさらに他の例を示す側面図(A)、及び圧縮変形した状態を示す側面図(B)である。It is the side view (A) which shows the further another example of a flow-path formation member, and the side view (B) which shows the state compressed and deformed. 流路形成部材のさらに他の例を示す各々側面図(A)〜(F)である。It is each side view (A)-(F) which shows the other example of a flow-path formation member. 本発明の空気電池のさらに他の実施形態を説明する断面図である。It is sectional drawing explaining other embodiment of the air battery of this invention. 本発明の空気電池のさらに他の実施形態を説明する断面図である。It is sectional drawing explaining other embodiment of the air battery of this invention. 本発明の空気電池のさらに他の実施形態を説明する平面図(A)及び断面図(B)である。It is the top view (A) and sectional drawing (B) explaining further another embodiment of the air battery of this invention.

以下、図面に基づいて、本発明の空気電池の実施形態を説明する。
図1(A)及び図2に示す空気電池A1は、矩形板状を成すものであって、電解質層3を間にして正極層1及び負極層2を備えると共に、電気絶縁性を有し且つ少なくとも電解質層3及び正極層1の外周を包囲する外枠部材4を備えている。なお、図1は、図2(A)中のA−A線に基づく断面図であり、図2(B)は、図2(A)中のB−B線に基づく断面図である。
Hereinafter, embodiments of an air battery of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
The air battery A1 shown in FIG. 1 (A) and FIG. 2 has a rectangular plate shape, and includes a positive electrode layer 1 and a negative electrode layer 2 with an electrolyte layer 3 interposed therebetween, and has an electrical insulation property. An outer frame member 4 surrounding at least the outer periphery of the electrolyte layer 3 and the positive electrode layer 1 is provided. 1 is a cross-sectional view based on the AA line in FIG. 2 (A), and FIG. 2 (B) is a cross-sectional view based on the BB line in FIG. 2 (A).

正極層1は、ガス拡散層を含む触媒層11と、正極表面(図中で電池上面)に配置した撥水層12と、金属メッシュ等から成る正極集電層13を備えている。触媒層11は、導電性多孔質材料で形成してあり、例えば、カーボン材料とバインダー樹脂とで形成した導電性多孔体の内部に、二酸化マンガンなどの触媒を担持させたものである。   The positive electrode layer 1 includes a catalyst layer 11 including a gas diffusion layer, a water repellent layer 12 disposed on the positive electrode surface (battery upper surface in the figure), and a positive electrode current collecting layer 13 made of a metal mesh or the like. The catalyst layer 11 is formed of a conductive porous material. For example, a catalyst such as manganese dioxide is supported inside a conductive porous body formed of a carbon material and a binder resin.

撥水層12は、電解液に対して液密性を有し、且つ酸素に対して通気性を有する部材である。この撥水層12は、電解液が外部へ漏出するのを阻止し得るように、フッ素樹脂などの撥水膜を用いており、一方、触媒層11に酸素を供給し得るように多数の微細孔を有している。また、撥水層12には、導電性材料を用いることができ、これにより、組電池Cにおいて、配線類を使用せずに直接的な電気接続が可能になる。   The water repellent layer 12 is a member having liquid tightness with respect to the electrolytic solution and air permeability with respect to oxygen. The water repellent layer 12 uses a water repellent film such as a fluororesin so as to prevent the electrolyte from leaking to the outside. On the other hand, a large number of fine water repellent layers 12 can supply oxygen to the catalyst layer 11. It has a hole. In addition, a conductive material can be used for the water repellent layer 12, thereby enabling direct electrical connection in the assembled battery C without using wirings.

負極層2は、負極金属層21と、負極表面(図中で電池下面)に配置した負極集電層22を備えている。負極金属層21は、リチウム(Li)、アルミニウム(Al)、鉄(Fe)、亜鉛(Zn)、及びマグネシウム(Mg)等の純金属、もしくは合金などの材料から成るものである。   The negative electrode layer 2 includes a negative electrode metal layer 21 and a negative electrode current collecting layer 22 disposed on the negative electrode surface (battery lower surface in the drawing). The negative electrode metal layer 21 is made of a pure metal such as lithium (Li), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg), or a material such as an alloy.

負極集電層22は、電解液が外部に漏出するのを阻止し得る材質から成る導電部材であって、例えば、ステンレス、及び銅(合金)や、金属材料の表面に耐食性を有する金属をメッキしたものなどである。この負極集電層22は、より好ましくは、負極金属層21よりも耐電解液性の高い材料から成るものである。   The negative electrode current collecting layer 22 is a conductive member made of a material that can prevent the electrolyte from leaking to the outside. For example, stainless steel, copper (alloy), or a metal having a corrosion resistance is plated on the surface of the metal material. Etc. More preferably, the negative electrode current collecting layer 22 is made of a material having higher electrolytic solution resistance than the negative electrode metal layer 21.

電解質層3は、水酸化カリウム(KOH)や塩化物を主成分とした水溶液(電解液)もしくは非水溶液をセパレータ内に含浸させたものであり、その水溶液や非水溶液を貯留させるために、セパレータには微細な孔が所定の割合で形成されている。なお、電解質層3そのものを、固体あるいはゲル状の電解質としても良い。   The electrolyte layer 3 is obtained by impregnating a separator with an aqueous solution (electrolytic solution) or non-aqueous solution containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) or chloride as a main component, and in order to store the aqueous solution or non-aqueous solution, the separator Have fine holes formed at a predetermined ratio. The electrolyte layer 3 itself may be a solid or gel electrolyte.

外枠部材4は、矩形枠状を成し、ポリプロピレン(PP)やエンジニアリングプラスチックなどの耐電解液性を有する樹脂製であることが好ましく、これにより軽量化も図ることができる。また、外枠部材4は、機械的強度を持たせるために、樹脂をカーボン繊維やガラス繊維などの強化繊維によって複合化した繊維強化プラスチック(FRP)を使用することもできる。   The outer frame member 4 preferably has a rectangular frame shape and is preferably made of a resin having an electrolytic solution resistance such as polypropylene (PP) or engineering plastic, which can also reduce the weight. The outer frame member 4 can also be made of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) in which a resin is compounded with reinforcing fibers such as carbon fibers and glass fibers in order to give mechanical strength.

さらに、外枠部材4は、長辺部分に対して短辺部分が上方に突出していると共に、枠内側に、正極層1の撥水層12の外周部を受けるための段差部4Aを有している。上記の如く短辺部分を突出させることで、図4に示すように空気電池A1を複数個積層して組電池Cを構成した際に、正極層1の表面側に隙間を形成し、図2中の矢印で示す面内方向(面に沿う方向)に空気を流通させる。   Further, the outer frame member 4 has a short side portion protruding upward with respect to the long side portion, and has a step portion 4A for receiving the outer peripheral portion of the water repellent layer 12 of the positive electrode layer 1 inside the frame. ing. By projecting the short side portion as described above, a gap is formed on the surface side of the positive electrode layer 1 when a plurality of air batteries A1 are stacked to form the assembled battery C as shown in FIG. Air is circulated in the in-plane direction (direction along the surface) indicated by the arrow in the middle.

なお、外枠部材4には、電解質層3に対して、バルブ類を備えた電解液の注入部を設けることも可能である。これにより、空気電池A1は注液式電池となる。   The outer frame member 4 may be provided with an electrolyte solution injection portion including valves for the electrolyte layer 3. Thereby, air battery A1 turns into a pouring type battery.

そして、空気電池A1は、正極層1及び負極層2の少なくとも一方が、複数の空気電池A1を積層した際に隣接する空気電池A1との間に介在して正極層1に対する空気流路Fを形成する流路形成部材5を備えている。この実施形態では、正極層1に、流路形成部材5を設けている。   The air battery A1 has an air flow path F with respect to the positive electrode layer 1 with at least one of the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2 interposed between adjacent air cells A1 when the plurality of air batteries A1 are stacked. A flow path forming member 5 to be formed is provided. In this embodiment, the flow path forming member 5 is provided in the positive electrode layer 1.

流路形成部材5は、導電性を有し且つ電解質層3の膨張に対応した弾性変形機能を有しており、自然状態では、先述の外枠部材4における短辺部分の突出量(長辺部分との高低差)に相当する厚さ寸法(高さ寸法)を有している。   The flow path forming member 5 has conductivity and has an elastic deformation function corresponding to the expansion of the electrolyte layer 3. In the natural state, the protruding amount of the short side portion of the outer frame member 4 (long side) It has a thickness dimension (height dimension) corresponding to the height difference from the portion.

この実施形態の流路形成部材5は、断面波形状を成しており、厚さ方向の弾性変形が可能である。空気流路Fは、波形状の正極層1側(下面側)の谷部である。この流路形成部材5は、導電性金属、若しくは表面に導電性金属を被覆した樹脂で形成してある。   The flow path forming member 5 of this embodiment has a cross-sectional wave shape and can be elastically deformed in the thickness direction. The air flow path F is a trough on the wavy positive electrode layer 1 side (lower surface side). The flow path forming member 5 is formed of a conductive metal or a resin whose surface is coated with a conductive metal.

また、流路形成部材5は、より好ましい実施形態として、正極層1、負極層2及び外枠部材4のうちのいずれかに接合し、空気電池A1の構成部品として一体化する。図示例の流路形成部材5は、正極層1側に設けてあるので、正極層1及び外枠部材4の少なくとも一方に接合する。このとき、流路形成部材5は、少なくとも外周部の一部などが接合してあれば良く、材料の接合性等を考慮すると外枠部材4に接合するのがより望ましい。   Further, as a more preferred embodiment, the flow path forming member 5 is joined to any one of the positive electrode layer 1, the negative electrode layer 2, and the outer frame member 4, and is integrated as a component of the air battery A1. Since the flow path forming member 5 in the illustrated example is provided on the positive electrode layer 1 side, it is joined to at least one of the positive electrode layer 1 and the outer frame member 4. At this time, the flow path forming member 5 only needs to be bonded at least at a part of the outer peripheral portion, and is more preferably bonded to the outer frame member 4 in consideration of the bondability of the material.

上記構成を備えた空気電池A1は、図4に示すように、複数個を積層して組電池Cを構成する。このとき、流路形成部材5は、隣接する空気電池A1同士の間で挟持され、空気流路Fを形成すると共に、隣接する空気電池A1同士を電気的に接続するコネクタとして機能する。   As shown in FIG. 4, the air battery A <b> 1 having the above configuration forms a battery pack C by stacking a plurality of air batteries. At this time, the flow path forming member 5 is sandwiched between the adjacent air cells A1, forms an air flow path F, and functions as a connector that electrically connects the adjacent air cells A1.

ここで、空気電池A1は、使用開始後には、発熱や酸化物の生成に伴って電解質層3の電解液が膨張し、図1(B)に示す如く正極層1が外側に撓むことがある。このとき、空気電池A1では、酸化物の生成に伴って内部抵抗が増加し、流路形成部材5が無い場合には、正極層1の撓みに伴って空気流路の断面積が減少し、これらにより出力低下が生じる。   Here, after the start of use of the air battery A1, the electrolyte solution in the electrolyte layer 3 expands with the generation of heat and oxide, and the positive electrode layer 1 bends outward as shown in FIG. 1B. is there. At this time, in the air battery A1, the internal resistance increases with the generation of oxide, and when there is no flow path forming member 5, the cross-sectional area of the air flow path decreases with the deflection of the positive electrode layer 1, As a result, the output is reduced.

これに対して、上記の空気電池A1は、電解質層3の電解液が膨張しても、流路形成部材5が正極層1をフラットに押さえて電解質層3の変位量を平準化し、部品同士の面圧を高める。すなわち、電解液3の膨張を巧みに利用して部品同士の接触力を高める。このようにして、空気電池A1は、内部抵抗の増加を接触抵抗の低減で相殺することができると同時に、空気流路Fの所定の断面積を維持することができる。これにより、空気電池A1は、出力低下を防ぐことができ、安定した発電(放電)を行うことができる。   On the other hand, in the air battery A1 described above, even if the electrolyte solution of the electrolyte layer 3 expands, the flow path forming member 5 holds the positive electrode layer 1 flat to level the amount of displacement of the electrolyte layer 3, and the components Increase the surface pressure. That is, the contact force between components is enhanced by skillfully utilizing the expansion of the electrolytic solution 3. In this manner, the air battery A1 can cancel the increase in internal resistance by reducing the contact resistance, and can maintain a predetermined cross-sectional area of the air flow path F. Thereby, air battery A1 can prevent output fall and can perform stable electric power generation (discharge).

また、上記の空気電池A1は、構造が極めて簡単であって、これにより薄型化を実現していると共に、配線類を一切用いずに直接的に直列接続することができる。したがって、車載用として非常に好適なものとなる。   Further, the air battery A1 has a very simple structure, thereby realizing a reduction in thickness and can be directly connected in series without using any wiring. Therefore, it becomes very suitable for in-vehicle use.

さらに、上記の空気電池A1は、流路形成部材5が、導電性金属、若しくは表面に導電性金属を被覆した樹脂で形成してあるので、接触抵抗が非常に小さく、高出力化に貢献することができる。また、金属被覆した樹脂製にすれば、さらなる軽量化を実現できる。   Further, in the air battery A1, since the flow path forming member 5 is formed of a conductive metal or a resin whose surface is coated with a conductive metal, the contact resistance is very small and contributes to high output. be able to. Further, if it is made of a metal-coated resin, further weight reduction can be realized.

さらに、上記の空気電池A1は、少なくとも電解質層3及び正極層1の外周を包囲する外枠部材4を備えると共に、正極層1、負極層2及び外枠部材4のうちのいずれかに前記流路部材5を接合したことから、接触抵抗の低減や、取扱い性の向上などを実現することができる。   Further, the air battery A1 includes an outer frame member 4 that surrounds at least the outer periphery of the electrolyte layer 3 and the positive electrode layer 1, and the flow of the current to any one of the positive electrode layer 1, the negative electrode layer 2, and the outer frame member 4. Since the road member 5 is joined, it is possible to reduce contact resistance, improve handling, and the like.

さらに、空気電池A1は、図4に示す如く組電池Cを構成した場合には、図中に仮想線で示す最上段の流路形成部材5を省略することも可能である。なお、組電池Cの積層方向の両端にエンドプレートを設ける場合には、エンドプレートとの間に流路形成部材5を介装することも有り得る。   Furthermore, in the air battery A1, when the assembled battery C is configured as shown in FIG. 4, the uppermost flow path forming member 5 indicated by a virtual line in the drawing can be omitted. In addition, when providing an end plate in the both ends of the lamination direction of the assembled battery C, the flow path formation member 5 may be interposed between end plates.

図5及び図6は、本発明に係る空気電池に使用する流路形成部材の他の実施形態を説明する図である。図示の流路形成部材15,25は、厚さ方向の圧縮変形に伴って正極層1及び負極層2に対する接触面積が増大する形状である。   5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating another embodiment of the flow path forming member used in the air battery according to the present invention. The illustrated flow path forming members 15 and 25 have a shape in which the contact area with the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2 increases with compressive deformation in the thickness direction.

図5に示す流路形成部材15は、断面波形状を成しており、図5(A)に示す通常時においては、上下の山部の頂点が正極層1や負極層2に接触する。このとき、流路形成部材15は、断面波形状であるから、山部が線接触する。そして、流路形成部材15は、厚さ方向に圧縮変形すると、図5(B)に示すように、山部が潰れて正極層1や負極層2に対する接触面積が増大する。図5(A)中の円、及び図5(B)中の楕円は、接触面積の増大を示している。   The flow path forming member 15 shown in FIG. 5 has a cross-sectional wave shape, and the apexes of the upper and lower peaks contact the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2 in the normal time shown in FIG. At this time, since the flow path forming member 15 has a cross-sectional wave shape, the crests are in line contact. When the flow path forming member 15 is compressed and deformed in the thickness direction, as shown in FIG. 5B, the crests are crushed and the contact area with the positive electrode layer 1 or the negative electrode layer 2 is increased. A circle in FIG. 5A and an ellipse in FIG. 5B indicate an increase in the contact area.

図6に示す流路形成部材25は、断面波形状を成すものであるが、大きい波形と小さい波形を組み合わせたものである。この流路形成部材25は、図6(A)に示す通常時においては、大きい波形の山部の頂点が正極層1や負極層2に接触する。そして、流路形成部材25は、厚さ方向に圧縮変形すると、図6(B)に示すように、大きい波形が潰れて小さい波形の山部の頂点が正極層1や負極層2に接触する。つまり、図6中に円で示すように、圧縮変形した際に接触箇所を増すことにより、正極層1や負極層2に対する接触面積が増大する。   The flow path forming member 25 shown in FIG. 6 has a cross-sectional wave shape, but is a combination of a large waveform and a small waveform. In the normal state shown in FIG. 6A, the flow path forming member 25 is in contact with the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2 at the apex of the crest portion having a large waveform. When the flow path forming member 25 is compressed and deformed in the thickness direction, as shown in FIG. 6B, the large waveform is crushed and the apex of the peak portion of the small waveform is in contact with the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2. . That is, as indicated by a circle in FIG. 6, the contact area with respect to the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2 is increased by increasing the number of contact points when compressively deformed.

上記の流路形成部材15,25を備えた空気電池A1は、先の実施形態と同様の効果を得ることができるほか、電解質層3の電解液の膨張に伴って流路形成部材15,25が厚さ方向に圧縮変形し、正極層1や負極層2に対する接触面積を増大させる。これにより、空気電池A1は、流路形成部材15,25と、正極層1及び負極層2との接触抵抗が減少し、出力低下を防ぐと共に、安定した発電(放電)を行うことができる。   The air battery A1 provided with the flow path forming members 15 and 25 can obtain the same effect as that of the previous embodiment, and the flow path forming members 15 and 25 are accompanied with the expansion of the electrolyte solution of the electrolyte layer 3. Compresses and deforms in the thickness direction, and increases the contact area with the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2. As a result, the air battery A1 can reduce the contact resistance between the flow path forming members 15 and 25 and the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2 to prevent a decrease in output and perform stable power generation (discharge).

図7は、本発明に係る空気電池に使用する流路形成部材のさらに他の実施形態を説明する図である。   FIG. 7 is a view for explaining still another embodiment of the flow path forming member used in the air battery according to the present invention.

図7(A)に示す流路形成部材35は、線状素材を不織布状に形成したものであり、厚さ方向の弾性変形機能を有している。図7(B)に示す流路形成部材45は、面ファスナーのフック側部材に相当するものであって、シート45Aに多数の弾性フック45Bを備えており、厚さ方向の弾性変形機能を有している。この流路形成部材45は、弾性フック45Bを正極層1に接触させる。なお、面ファスナーのループ側部材に対応した構造にすることもできる。   The flow path forming member 35 shown in FIG. 7A is formed by forming a linear material into a nonwoven fabric and has an elastic deformation function in the thickness direction. A flow path forming member 45 shown in FIG. 7B corresponds to a hook-side member of a hook-and-loop fastener, and has a large number of elastic hooks 45B on a sheet 45A, and has an elastic deformation function in the thickness direction. doing. The flow path forming member 45 brings the elastic hook 45 </ b> B into contact with the positive electrode layer 1. In addition, it can also be set as the structure corresponding to the loop side member of a hook_and_loop | surface fastener.

図7(C)に示す流路形成部材55は、シート55Aに、片持ち梁形の弾性突起55Bを備えており、厚さ方向の弾性変形機能を有している。この流路形成部材55は、弾性突起55Bを正極層1に接触させる。また、弾性突起55Bは、舌片状にして縦横に配置したり、図示の断面が連続する長尺片状にして並列に配置したりすることができる。   A flow path forming member 55 shown in FIG. 7C has a cantilever-shaped elastic protrusion 55B on a sheet 55A, and has an elastic deformation function in the thickness direction. The flow path forming member 55 brings the elastic protrusion 55 </ b> B into contact with the positive electrode layer 1. Further, the elastic protrusion 55B can be formed in a tongue-like shape and arranged vertically or horizontally, or can be arranged in parallel in the shape of a long piece having a continuous cross section as shown.

図7(D)に示す流路形成部材65は、複数のコイルを並列に配置したものであり、厚さ方向の弾性変形機能を有している。図7(E)に示す流路形成部材75は、断面波形状を成して厚さ方向の弾性変形機能を有すると共に、多数の孔を形成したものである。図7(F)に示す流路形成部材85は、メッシュ素材を断面波形状に成形したものであり、厚さ方向の弾性変形機能を有している。   A flow path forming member 65 shown in FIG. 7 (D) has a plurality of coils arranged in parallel and has an elastic deformation function in the thickness direction. A flow path forming member 75 shown in FIG. 7 (E) has a cross-sectional wave shape, has an elastic deformation function in the thickness direction, and has a large number of holes. A flow path forming member 85 shown in FIG. 7F is formed by forming a mesh material into a cross-sectional wave shape, and has an elastic deformation function in the thickness direction.

上記の流路形成部材35,45,55,65,75,85は、いずれも導電性金属、若しくは表面に導電性金属を被覆した樹脂で形成してある。流路形成部材は、厚さ方向の弾性変形機能を有するものであれば、図示例以外にも様々な形状にすることができる。そして、空気電池A1並びに組電池Cにおいて、電解液の膨張に伴う内部抵抗の増加を接触抵抗の低減で相殺すると共に、空気流路Fの所定の断面積を維持し、出力低下を防止する。   The flow path forming members 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85 are all formed of a conductive metal or a resin whose surface is coated with a conductive metal. The flow path forming member may have various shapes other than the illustrated example as long as it has an elastic deformation function in the thickness direction. In the air battery A1 and the assembled battery C, the increase in the internal resistance due to the expansion of the electrolyte solution is offset by the reduction in the contact resistance, and the predetermined cross-sectional area of the air flow path F is maintained to prevent the output from decreasing.

また、図7中の(A)(D)(E)及び(F)に示す流路形成部材35、65,75及び85は、通気性を有するものとなっており、これにより、空気流路Fの断面積がより大きく得られ、高出力化に貢献し得ると共に、さらなる軽量化も実現する。なお、図7中の(B)及び(C)に示す流路形成部材45及び55にあっても、シート45A,55Aに多数の孔を形成することで、通気性をもたせることができる。   Further, the flow path forming members 35, 65, 75, and 85 shown in (A), (D), (E), and (F) in FIG. 7 have air permeability. The cross-sectional area of F can be obtained larger, which can contribute to higher output and further reduce the weight. In addition, even if it exists in the flow-path formation members 45 and 55 shown to (B) and (C) in FIG. 7, air permeability can be given by forming many holes in sheet | seat 45A, 55A.

図8及び図9に示す空気電池A1及び組電池Cは、流路形成部材が、正極層1及び負極層2のうちのいずれか一方に一体化してある。   In the air battery A1 and the assembled battery C shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the flow path forming member is integrated with one of the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2.

図8に示す空気電池A1は、正極層1に流路形成部材95を一体化したものである。図示の流路形成部材95は、メッシュ95Aに多数の弾性フック95Bを設けたものであって、厚さ方向の弾性変形機能と導電性を有し、組電池Cにおいて上段の空気電池A1の負極層2に当接して空気流路Fを形成する。   An air battery A1 shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by integrating a flow path forming member 95 with the positive electrode layer 1. The illustrated flow path forming member 95 has a mesh 95A provided with a large number of elastic hooks 95B, has an elastic deformation function and conductivity in the thickness direction, and in the assembled battery C, the negative electrode of the upper air battery A1. The air flow path F is formed in contact with the layer 2.

図9に示す空気電池A1は、負極層2に流路形成部材22Aを一体化したものである。図示の流路形成部材22Aは、図7(C)に示した流路形成部材55と同様の片持ち梁形の弾性突起であり、負極層2を構成する負極集電層22に一体化してある。この流路形成部材22Aは、厚さ方向の弾性変形機能と導電性を有し、組電池Cにおいて下段の空気電池A1の正極層1に当接して空気流路Fを形成する。   The air battery A1 shown in FIG. 9 is obtained by integrating the flow path forming member 22A with the negative electrode layer 2. The illustrated flow path forming member 22A is a cantilever-shaped elastic protrusion similar to the flow path forming member 55 shown in FIG. 7C, and is integrated with the negative electrode current collecting layer 22 constituting the negative electrode layer 2. is there. The flow path forming member 22A has an elastic deformation function and conductivity in the thickness direction, and forms an air flow path F in contact with the positive electrode layer 1 of the lower air battery A1 in the assembled battery C.

上記の空気電池A1にあっても、先の実施形態と同様の効果が得られるうえに、正極層1及び負極層2のうちのいずれか一方に流路形成部材95,22Aを一体化したことから、部品点数の削減や接触抵抗のさらなる低減を実現することができる。これにより、空気電池A1並びに組電池Cの低コスト化や性能向上にも貢献することができる。   Even in the air battery A1, the same effects as those of the previous embodiment can be obtained, and the flow path forming members 95 and 22A are integrated into one of the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2. Therefore, the number of parts and the contact resistance can be further reduced. Thereby, it can contribute also to the cost reduction and performance improvement of air battery A1 and the assembled battery C. FIG.

図10に示す空気電池A2は、円板形状を成している。この空気電池Aは、先の実施形態と同様の基本構成を有し、電解質層3を間にして正極層1及び負極層2を備えると共に、少なくとも正極層1及び電解質層3の外周部を包囲する外枠部材4を備えている。また、空気電池A2は、その中心に空気の流通孔6を有すると共に、外枠部材4の上面に、空気を流通させるための溝4Aが、円周方向に所定間隔で設けてある。   Air battery A2 shown in FIG. 10 has a disk shape. The air battery A has the same basic configuration as that of the previous embodiment, includes the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 2 with the electrolyte layer 3 interposed therebetween, and surrounds at least the outer periphery of the positive electrode layer 1 and the electrolyte layer 3. The outer frame member 4 is provided. The air battery A2 has an air circulation hole 6 at the center thereof, and grooves 4A for circulating air are provided on the upper surface of the outer frame member 4 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction.

そして、空気電池A2は、正極層1に、複数の空気電池A2を積層した際に隣接する空気電池A2との間に介在して正極層1に対する空気流路を形成する流路形成部材105を備えている。図示例の流路形成部材105は、金属メッシュから成り、導電性を有すると共に、電解質層3の膨張に対応した弾性変形機能を有している。この空気電池A1にあっても、先の実施形態と同様の作用及び効果を得ることができる。   The air battery A2 includes a flow path forming member 105 that forms an air flow path for the positive electrode layer 1 interposed between the air battery A2 adjacent to the positive electrode layer 1 when the plurality of air batteries A2 are stacked on the positive electrode layer 1. I have. The flow path forming member 105 in the illustrated example is made of a metal mesh, has conductivity, and has an elastic deformation function corresponding to the expansion of the electrolyte layer 3. Even in the air battery A1, the same operations and effects as in the previous embodiment can be obtained.

本発明に係る空気電池及び組電池は、その構成が上記の各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成の細部を適宜変更することができる。   The configuration of the air battery and the assembled battery according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and details of the configuration can be changed as appropriate without departing from the gist of the present invention.

A1 A2 空気電池
C 組電池
F 空気流路
1 正極層
2 負極層
3 電解質層
4 外枠部材
5 流路形成部材
13,22A,25,35,45…流路形成部材
55,65,75,85,95、105…流路形成部材
A1 A2 Air battery C Assembly battery F Air flow path 1 Positive electrode layer 2 Negative electrode layer 3 Electrolyte layer 4 Outer frame member 5 Flow path forming member 13, 22A, 25, 35, 45... Flow path forming member 55, 65, 75, 85 , 95, 105... Channel forming member

Claims (7)

電解質層を間にして正極層及び負極層を備えると共に、
正極層及び負極層の少なくとも一方が、複数の空気電池を積層した際に隣接する空気電池との間に介在して正極層に対する空気流路を形成する流路形成部材を備え、
流路形成部材が、導電性を有し且つ電解質層の膨張に対応した弾性変形機能を有していることを特徴とする空気電池。
While having a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer with an electrolyte layer in between,
At least one of the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer includes a flow path forming member that forms an air flow path for the positive electrode layer interposed between adjacent air cells when a plurality of air cells are stacked,
An air battery characterized in that the flow path forming member has conductivity and has an elastic deformation function corresponding to expansion of the electrolyte layer.
前記流路形成部材が、厚さ方向の圧縮変形に伴って正極層及び負極層に対する接触面積が増大する形状であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気電池。   2. The air battery according to claim 1, wherein the flow path forming member has a shape in which a contact area with the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer increases with compressive deformation in a thickness direction. 前記流路形成部材が、導電性金属、若しくは表面に導電性金属を被覆した樹脂から成ることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の空気電池。   3. The air battery according to claim 1, wherein the flow path forming member is made of a conductive metal or a resin whose surface is coated with a conductive metal. 前記流路形成部材が、通気性を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の空気電池。   The air battery according to claim 1, wherein the flow path forming member has air permeability. 電気絶縁性を有し且つ少なくとも電解質層及び正極層の外周を包囲する外枠部材を備えると共に、
前記流路形成部材が、正極層、負極層及び外枠部材のうちのいずれかに接合してあることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の空気電池。
An outer frame member having electrical insulation and surrounding at least the outer periphery of the electrolyte layer and the positive electrode layer;
5. The air battery according to claim 1, wherein the flow path forming member is bonded to any one of a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and an outer frame member.
前記流路形成部材が、正極層及び負極層のうちのいずれか一方に一体化してあることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の空気電池。   5. The air battery according to claim 1, wherein the flow path forming member is integrated with any one of a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer. 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の空気電池を複数個積層して成ることを特徴とする組電池。   A battery pack comprising a plurality of the air batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 6 stacked together.
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