JP5848666B2 - Earth removal device in shield excavator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a soil excavator in a shield excavator, particularly a large-diameter shield excavator having an outer diameter of 14 M or more, which transports boulders contained in the sediment excavated by a cutter head to the rear together with the excavated sediment. The present invention relates to a classifier that can be separated into excavated earth and sand containing boulders and small-diameter gravel on the way, and can be carried out separately.

  Conventionally, as a means of earth removal in a shield excavator that digs a tunnel while preventing collapse of the face by mud pressure, the shaft is used when the excavated earth and sand excavated by the cutter head contains relatively large diameter gravel. Ribbon-type screw conveyors that are not equipped are used.In other cases, screw-type screw conveyors with shafts are used. There is a risk of eruption, and a screw conveyor with a shaft cannot carry out large-diameter gravel even if it has water-stopping properties.

  For this reason, as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a ribbon screw conveyor and a screw conveyor with a shaft are used, and the front end opening of the ribbon screw conveyor passes through the lower end of the partition wall of the shield body and is a chamber. A discharge port opened downward is provided in the lower peripheral portion of the rear end of the casing of the ribbon screw conveyor, and the discharge port is opened and closed by a first gate. The upper end of a receiving cylinder portion of excavated earth and sand containing boulders (boulders) is connected to and communicated with the opening, and a lower end of the receiving cylinder portion is provided with a boulder drop opening that can be opened and closed by a second gate. A soil discharging means has been developed in which a front end opening of a screw conveyor with a shaft is communicated with a rear peripheral portion of the shaft.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-164398 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-24718

  However, according to the soil discharging means, the discharge port for excavated earth and sand discharged from the ribbon screw conveyor to the screw conveyor with the shaft is provided in the lower peripheral portion of the rear end of the casing of the ribbon screw conveyor and is opened downward. That is, since the opening is perpendicular to the conveying direction by the ribbon screw, the excavating earth and sand conveying force of the ribbon screw cannot be effectively applied as the output from the discharge port, and the gravel is applied to the blades of the ribbon screw. There is a possibility that it cannot be smoothly dropped from the outlet due to being caught.

  Further, the excavated earth and sand containing gravel discharged from the downward discharge port of the ribbon screw conveyor is received by the receiving cylinder part below the discharge port, and the front end opening of the screw conveyor with a shaft is provided at the rear peripheral part of the receiving cylinder part. Therefore, the screw conveyor with a shaft is blocked to take in large-diameter gravel together with the excavated earth and sand, and it becomes difficult to carry out the excavated earth and sand, and the screw blades are lost in a short period of time and cannot be used. Things will happen.

  In addition, the gravel discharge from the receiving cylinder part is configured to drop downward from the boulder drop opening provided at the lower end of the receiving cylinder part in the same manner as the above discharge port. There is a problem that small-diameter gravel is discharged together with excavated earth and sand, and it is impossible to process only gravel with a predetermined diameter or more.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the object of the present invention is to divide the earth and sand containing the boulders excavated by the cutter head into boulders and excavated earth and sand, and ensure only the boulders. An object of the present invention is to provide a soil removal apparatus in a shield excavator that can be taken out and can smoothly excavate excavated sediment including small gravel from which boulders have been removed.

In order to achieve the above object, the earth removing device in the shield excavator according to the present invention is excavated by a cutter head disposed in a front end opening of a shield body of the shield excavator as described in claim 1. A soil discharge device for discharging excavated sediment including boulders taken into a chamber backward from the chamber, wherein a front end opening of a casing in which a ribbon screw is rotatably disposed is used as a partition wall of a shield body Of the excavated soil that is connected to and communicated with the screw conveyor facing the inside of the chamber from the lower end portion of the screw and the rear end opening portion that opens rearward in the screw conveyor, and the inside is pushed out from the screw conveyor. a gate chamber and a first gate which opens and closes the passage with forming the passage, a first gate jack for opening and closing the first gate If, connecting an open end that opens toward the front in its upper end to the rear end opening of the gate chamber, communicated, and, the drilling with and a drilling sand dropping tube portion refracted downward from the open end A classifying chamber provided with a classifying means comprising a bar screen for separating excavated sediment and boulders below the earth and sand dropping cylinder, a boulder outlet provided on one side of the classifying chamber, and opening and closing this outlet A second gate, a second gate jack that opens and closes the second gate, a boulder projecting horizontal plate that sends boulders on the classification means from the other side of the classification chamber toward the discharge port, and the excavation soil dropping detecting the boulders that was dropped from the cylindrical portion to the classification chamber, a boulder detecting means for closing the first gate to stop the and the shield excavator and the screw conveyor by the detected signal, the classification A screw feeder that communicates with the earth and sand receiving port that opens upward at the lower end opening of the classification chamber that discharges the excavated earth and sand that has passed through the step downward, and the conveyance of the screw feeder It consists of the 3rd gate which opens and closes the earth and sand discharge opening opened toward the downward direction provided in the termination | terminus part, and the 3rd gate jack which opens and closes a 3rd gate .

  The invention according to claim 2 in the earth removing device in the shield excavator configured as described above is a rotary drive mechanism of a ribbon screw, and a rear end portion of the casing in which the ribbon screw is rotatably disposed. In addition, a drive ring in which the rear end portion of the ribbon screw is integrally fixed to the inner peripheral surface thereof is rotatably provided, and the drive ring is configured to be rotated by a drive motor mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the casing. Yes.

Furthermore, the invention according to claim 3 relates to a preferred structure of the classifying means in the classifying chamber, from a bar screen in which a plurality of rollers are arranged at predetermined intervals so as to be sequentially lowered toward the boulder outlet. It is characterized by becoming .

  The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the screw feeder has a structure in which two augers each having screw blades integrally provided on an outer periphery of a shaft are arranged in parallel in a casing.

  According to the first aspect of the invention, the screw conveyor that takes in the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head and conveys it back is a ribbon screw conveyor in which a ribbon screw is rotatably disposed in the casing. Of course, boulders can be taken in along with a large amount of excavated earth and sand, and of course, the gate chamber having the first gate is connected to and communicated with the rear end opening that opens toward the rear of the screw conveyor. Since the opening end opened toward the front of the drilling sediment dropping cylinder part is in communication with the rear end opening of this gate chamber, the drilling earth and sand containing gravel is removed by the screw screw of the screw conveyor. Can be smoothly and reliably sent through the inside of the first gate, and smoothly from the first gate to the excavated earth and sand dropping cylinder One reliably discharged to can be dropped into the classifying chamber in communication with the lower end of the excavating earth and sand dropped tubular portion.

Furthermore, the classification chamber is provided with a classification means composed of a bar scoon for separating the excavated sediment and boulders, and a second gate for discharging the boulders separated from the excavated sediment by the classification means is provided on one side of the classification chamber. In addition to providing a boulder discharge port, the sediment receiving port opened upward is provided at the lower end opening of the classification chamber that discharges the excavated soil that has passed through the classifying means downward, and is provided at the conveying start end of the screw feeder. Therefore, the excavated sediment containing gravel fed from the ribbon screw and dropped from the first gate to the excavated sediment dropping cylinder is separated into excavated sediment containing boulders and small-diameter gravel by the classification means in the classification chamber. It is possible to clog the screw feeder by passing only the excavated sediment containing small-diameter gravel through the classifying means and dropping it into the sediment receiving port of the screw feeder. It can be transported smoothly and reliably to the rear, and it can be transferred to the belt conveyor etc. from the earth and sand discharge opening opened by opening the third gate and discharged backward through the tunnel. The boulders remaining on the opening can be discharged to the outside by opening the second gate and sending the boulders on the classification means from the other side of the classification chamber toward the discharge port side by the horizontal plate for protruding boulders .

  When discharging the boulder, the excavation of the shield excavator and the operation of the screw conveyor are stopped, and the first gate provided in the gate chamber connected to and communicating with the rear end of the screw conveyor is closed, so that the chamber side It is possible to surely prevent the earth and sand from erupting into the machine, and by driving the screw feeder while the first gate is closed, the excavated earth and sand staying in the classification chamber is caused to flow down, and the screw feeder. Therefore, only the boulders can be left in the classification chamber, and only the boulders can be reliably removed by opening the second gate in this state. It can be placed on a carriage or the like and discharged backward.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the rotational drive mechanism of the ribbon screw is arranged at the rear end portion of the casing in which the ribbon screw is rotatably disposed, and the rear end portion of the ribbon screw is disposed on the inner peripheral surface thereof. A drive ring that is integrally fixed to the casing is rotatably provided, and this drive ring is driven to rotate by a drive motor mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the casing, so that the rotational driving force of the drive motor is driven by the drive ring. Not only can the ribbon screw be transmitted to the ribbon screw in a reliable and stable state, and the ribbon screw can be smoothly driven to rotate, but the rear end of the casing is entirely first through the space surrounded by the drive ring. The rear end of this ribbon screw is excavated earth and sand containing gravel that can be communicated with the gate chamber of the gate and conveyed by the ribbon screw. It can be extruded into Luo gate chamber side.

  Furthermore, according to the invention according to claim 3, the classification means in the classification chamber is composed of a bar screen in which a plurality of rollers are arranged at predetermined intervals so as to be sequentially lowered toward the boulder discharge port. The bar screw screens the excavated sediment containing gravel that has been fed from the ribbon screw through the gate chamber to the excavated sediment dropping cylinder and is put into the dropped cylindrical section into the excavated sediment containing boulders and small-diameter gravel. The drilled earth and sand containing small-diameter gravel can be dropped directly to the screw feeder through the adjacent rollers that make up the bar screen, while the boulders received on the bar screen are barred by the rotation of the roller. Automatically moves to the lower inclined side of the screen and passes through excavated soil containing small-diameter gravel without clogging between the rollers. Septum with can hold, it can be easily discharged to the outside from boulders outlet by appropriate delivery means of bars or the like projecting boulders. At this time, since the bar screen is composed of a plurality of rollers, even though the boulders have a large weight, the bar screen can be easily and reliably discharged from the discharge port with a small pushing force while rotating the rollers. .

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the screw feeder is formed by arranging two augers in which screw blades are integrally provided on the outer periphery of the shaft in the casing, so that it is conveyed by a ribbon screw. A large amount of excavated sediments can be discharged rearward without delay by these juxtaposed augers, and excavated sediment containing gravel can be treated efficiently.

The simplified longitudinal section side view of the shield excavator provided with this invention earth removing device. The front view of a cutter head. The simplified perspective view of the earth removal apparatus arrange | positioned in the shield main body. The simplified perspective view which looked at the earth removal apparatus from the front side. The longitudinal side view of the rotational drive mechanism of a ribbon screw. The partially cutaway side view of the earth removal apparatus from a gate chamber to a screw feeder. The front view of the gate chamber provided with the 1st gate. A longitudinal front view of the classification room. The side view. The plan view. The top view of a screw feeder. The longitudinal front view of the earth and sand discharge port part. The partial notch simple perspective view of the state which has put the earth and sand containing boulders in the classification room. The partial notch simple perspective view of the state of throwing in. The partial notch simple perspective view which shows the state just before discharging a boulder.

  Next, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIGS. 1 to 4, the shield excavator A includes a cylindrical shield body 1 made of a skin plate having a large diameter having an outer diameter of 14 m or more. The spoke-type cutter head 2 rotatably disposed in the front end opening of the shield body 1, the partition wall 3 having its outer peripheral end face fixed integrally to the front end portion of the shield body 1, and the partition wall 3 And the chamber 4 formed by the space between the opposed surfaces of the cutter head 2 and the lower end of the partition wall 3 so that the front end opening faces the chamber 4 and the excavated soil in the chamber 4 A screw conveyor 10 for discharging

  As shown in FIG. 2, the cutter head 2 has a plurality of spokes 2a, each having a plurality of excavating bits and scraper teeth attached to the front, arranged radially from the central portion toward the outer peripheral end. 2a is integrally connected by a ring-shaped frame 2b, and an intake port 2c is provided between adjacent spokes 2a and 2a, which can take boulders B such as boulders and boulders having a maximum diameter of about 1 m together with earth and sand. The cutter head 2 is rotatably supported by the partition wall 3 and can be rotated via a meshing gear by a drive motor 5 disposed on the back surface of the partition wall 3. In addition, a stirring blade 2d is provided so as to protrude rearward.

  The earth removal device for discharging excavated earth and sand including gravel that has been excavated by the cutter head 2 and taken into the chamber 4 to the rear through the machine includes the screw conveyor 10 and a first gate 16 at the rear end of the screw conveyor 10. A classifying chamber 20 for connecting the boulders B and excavated earth and sand containing small-diameter gravel, and a screw feeder 50 for conveying the excavated soil discharged from the lower end opening of the classifying chamber 20 to the rear. Has been.

  The screw conveyor 10 is a ribbon-type screw conveyor without a shaft in which a ribbon screw 12 is rotatably disposed in a cylindrical casing 11 having a diameter of about 1500 mm capable of transporting boulders B. The front end opening is made watertight in the chamber 4 through a receiving port 3a such as earth and sand opened at the lower end of the partition wall 3, and the casing 11 is inclined obliquely upward from the front end toward the rear end. The ribbon screw 12 is supported and fixed by a support member 9 installed in the rear portion of the shield body 1 in a state, and the ribbon screw 12 projects its front end portion from the receiving port 3a into the lower end portion of the chamber 4 to take in excavated soil or the like. Is configured to do.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the rotational drive mechanism 40 of the ribbon screw 12 has a drive ring 41 in which the rear end portion outer peripheral surface of the ribbon screw 12 is integrally fixed to the rear end portion of the casing 11 on the inner peripheral surface. The drive ring 41 is configured to be rotationally driven by a screw drive motor 42 formed of a hydraulic motor. More specifically, a cut-out portion having no casing portion is provided at the rear end portion of the casing 11, and the drive ring 41 having the same inner diameter as the inner diameter of the casing 11 is rotatably interposed in the cut-out portion and cut off. The front and rear peripheral edge portions of the rear end portion of the casing 11 facing each other via the portion are integrally connected by a hollow frame 43 having a hollow flange shape larger in diameter than the casing 11, and further, An annular protrusion 41a is projected from the center of the outer peripheral surface, and gears 45 rotatably supported in the hollow frame 43 via bearings 44 are fixed to both sides of the outer periphery of the annular protrusion 41a. A pinion 46 fixed to the drive shafts of a plurality of screw drive motors 42 mounted on the front and rear wall surfaces of the hollow frame 42 is engaged with 45.

  Further, a gate chamber 17 having the first gate 16 is connected to and communicated with a rear end opening of the casing 11 in the screw conveyor 10. The inner diameter of the gate chamber 17 is formed to be the same as the inner diameter of the casing 11, and the inside thereof is formed into a short circular passage 17a through which excavated earth and sand pushed out from the screw conveyor 10 pass, and the rear portion is front and rear As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the opposed end faces are connected to each other by rectangular flanges 18 and 18, and through gate openings formed between the opposed faces of the rectangular flange portions 18 and 18. Further, the first gate 16 is inserted into the gate chamber 17 so as to be freely opened and closed, and the internal passage is opened and closed by the first gate 16. Note that the rear half portion provided with the first gate 16 is slightly refracted in the horizontal direction with respect to the front half portion of the gate chamber 17 connected to and communicated with the rear end of the casing 11.

  The first gate 16 is composed of a pair of left and right door plates 16a, 16a made of a rectangular plate, and these door plates 16a, 16a are passed through gaps opened on both side ends of the opposing surfaces of the rectangular flanges 18, 18, respectively. Inserted in the gate chamber 17 so as to be openable and closable in the left-right direction, it is formed into a double-spread gate. The inner end surfaces 16b and 16b (see FIGS. 13 and 14) are formed so that the sharp ends of the inner end surfaces 16b and 16b are brought into close contact with each other when the door is closed.

  The opening / closing mechanism of the first gate 16 has vertical frame members 16c, 16c on the outer ends of the left and right door plates 16a, 16a projecting outward from the gate insertion openings on both sides of the rectangular flanges 18, 18. The vertical frame members 16c and 16c are fixedly connected to each other between the upper end portions and the lower end portions thereof by first gate jacks 19 and 19 disposed on the upper and lower outer peripheral surfaces of the gate chamber 17, and the first gate jacks. The first gate 16 is opened by extending the 19 and 19 piston rods and closed by being contracted.

  The classification chamber 20 connected to and communicated with the rear end of the casing 11 of the screw conveyor 10 through the gate chamber 17 having the first gate 16 is, as shown in FIGS. An excavated earth and sand dropping cylinder portion 21 having a receiving port 21a having an opening at the upper portion and opened to the front and connected to and communicated with the rear end opening of the gate chamber 17 is provided. The part 21 communicates with the upper part of the classification chamber 20 at the lower end opening that is bent downward from the receiving port 21a and is open in a downward direction.

  The classification chamber 20 having the excavated earth and sand dropping cylinder portion 21 is formed in a rectangular tube shape, and a classifying means 22 for separating the excavated earth and sand and the boulders B is disposed in the lower end portion of the classification chamber 20. The specific structure of the classifying means 22 is that a sediment discharge port 23 is formed at the lower end opening of the classification chamber 20 and a boulder discharge port 24 opened outward is formed on one side and the classification chamber 20 A bar screen 25 for separating the boulders B and the excavated earth and sand is disposed above the earth and sand outlet 23 in FIG.

  As a specific example of the structure of the bar screen 25, a plurality of bar-shaped rollers 25a to 25d are formed as bars, and the length direction of these rollers 25a to 25d is relative to the direction of the boulder outlet 24. Are arranged at predetermined intervals from the other side of the classification chamber 20 toward the lower end of the boulder discharge port 24 in the front-rear direction orthogonal to each other, and both ends thereof are rotatably supported on the front and rear opposing wall surfaces of the classification chamber 20 I am letting.

Further, in these rollers 25a to 25d, the roller 25a disposed on the other side of the classification chamber 20 is disposed at the lower end of the boulder outlet 24 on the one side of the classification chamber 20. It is arranged so that the height from the downward sediment discharge port 23 toward the roller 25d decreases sequentially, and the boulders B falling from the excavated sediment drop cylinder 21 are opposed to the lower side of the drop cylinder 21 After being received so as to straddle the adjacent rollers 25b and 25c in the intermediate portion or on the rollers 25a to 25c, they are transmitted on these rollers 25a to 25c. It is configured to send to the boulder outlet 24 side. It should be noted that the boulder B can slide down the inclination angle of the virtual inclined surface connecting the higher roller and the lower roller that move the boulder B toward the boulder outlet 24 while rotating these rollers by its own weight. It is formed at a possible angle .

  The boulder outlet 24 is formed in a rectangular tube shape with a short length, and the arrangement height of the lowest roller 25d arranged at the lower end on the inner end side of the boulder outlet 24 is the boulder outlet. 24 is positioned at substantially the same height as the horizontal upper end surface of the lower end frame portion. Further, between the lowest roller 25d and the lower roller 25c adjacent to the roller 25d, The boulders moving while sliding from above the higher rollers 25a and 25b on the roller 25c are formed in the discharge standby section 26 for waiting in a stationary state. The gap between adjacent rollers is set to 500 mm, and the following gravel is dropped together with excavated earth and sand from the earth and sand outlet 23 opened downward through this gap.

  The boulder outlet 24 is provided with a second gate 27 for opening and closing the outlet 24. This second gate 27 is made of a rectangular plate, and is inserted into the boulder outlet 24 through a gap opened in the upper horizontal frame of the boulder outlet 24, and its front and rear edges are opposed to the boulder outlet 24 in the front-rear direction. The guide groove 28 provided in the vertical direction on the inner wall surface is slidable in a vertical and watertight manner, and the boulder outlet 24 is formed at both front and rear ends of the upper end protruding from the upper end of the boulder outlet 24. The second gate 27 is opened and contracted by extending the piston rod by connecting the tip of the piston rod of the second gate jacks 29 and 29 attached to the front and rear outer wall surfaces with the longitudinal direction thereof oriented vertically. It is configured to close.

  Further, an elongated guide hole 30 elongated in the front-rear direction is formed in the lower end portion of the other side wall surface of the classification chamber 20 facing the boulder discharge port 24, and the front end portion of the horizontal plate 31 for projecting boulders from the outside to the guide hole 30 And the horizontal plate drive jacks 32, 32 are attached to the front and rear outer wall surfaces of the classification chamber 20 with the horizontal direction thereof being attached, and the tip of the piston rod of these jacks 32, 32 is bouldered. The horizontal plate 31 is connected to the front and rear portions at the base end portion of the protruding horizontal plate 31, and normally the piston rod is held in an extended state so that the tip of the horizontal plate 31 is located near the inner surface of the other side wall of the classification chamber 20. When the excavated earth and sand dropped into the excavated earth and sand dropping cylinder part 21 is dropped to the earth and sand outlet 23 side through the gap between the adjacent rollers together with the small-diameter gravel etc. 32, 32 fixies The horizontal plate 31 is moved toward the boulder outlet 24 through the space between the higher roller 25b and the lower roller 25c adjacent to the roller 25b by contracting the rod. The boulders B are sent out to the discharge port 24 side by being pressed against the lower part.

  Note that the front end of the horizontal plate 31 that is retracted to the vicinity of the inner surface of the other side wall of the classification chamber 20 and has the front end protruded into the other side of the classification chamber 20 is formed in a comb-teeth shape. It is possible to pass excavated earth and sand, small diameter gravel, etc. between adjacent teeth. Further, in the classification chamber 20, a detecting means (not shown) for detecting the boulders B dropped in the classification chamber 20 from the screw conveyor 10 through the excavated earth and sand delivery outlet 18a provided in the gate chamber 17 is disposed. When the boulder B is detected by the detection means, the excavation of the shield excavator A and the screw conveyor 10 are stopped by the signal from the detection means, and the first gate 16 is closed. After closing, the screw feeder 50 is stopped and the third gate 56 provided at the earth and sand discharge port 55 of the screw feeder 50, which will be described later, is closed in conjunction with the closing, and then the second gate 27 for discharging boulders is opened. It is configured to open and discharge boulders B. As the boulder detection means, for example, an impact sensing member that senses the impact force by the occurrence of strain, etc. is adopted, and this impact force sensing member is attached to the bar screen 25 so that the boulder B falls on the bar screen 25. It may be configured to sense the impact force when it is applied, and furthermore, a means using a weight meter, a density meter, detection of rotational torque of a screw conveyor, CT scan, X-ray, etc. may be adopted. Good.

  Excavated earth and sand containing small-diameter gravel falling from a downwardly opening earth and sand outlet 23 provided at the lower end of the classification chamber 20 is conveyed backward by the screw feeder 50. As shown in FIG. 11, the screw feeder 50 includes two augers 52, 52 each provided with a screw blade integrally formed on a central axis over a substantially entire length in a flat rectangular casing 51 that is long in the front-rear direction. The two screw screw feeders are arranged side by side, and the spiral direction of the screw blades of one auger 52 is directed to the right and the spiral direction of the screw blades of the other auger 52 is directed to the left. .

  Then, on the bottom surface of the casing 51, as shown in FIG. 12, concave grooves 51a, 51a curved in a semicircular arc along the lower peripheral portions of the screw blades of the two augers 52, 52 are formed in parallel. The lower half portions of the screw blades of the augers 52 and 52 are respectively fitted into the concave grooves 51a and 51a, and the front and rear ends of the auger shaft are rotatably supported on the front and rear walls of the casing 51. The front end portion of the auger shaft protruding from the front wall is configured to be rotated by auger rotation drive motors 53 and 53 attached to the outer surface of the front wall. In this case, the output shafts of the auger rotation drive motors 53, 53 are rotated in opposite directions, and the screw blades of these augers 52, 52 are rotated in the direction of feeding the excavated earth and sand backward.

  Furthermore, an earth and sand receiving port 54 opened upward is provided at the front end portion of the upper wall plate portion of the casing 51. The earth and sand receiving port 54 has an opening width in the left-right direction substantially equal to the lateral width of the casing 51, and is formed in the same size and shape as the earth and sand outlet 23 opened at the lower end of the classification chamber 20. Removably connected to the earth and sand discharge port 23 without being opened or closed by a gate or the like, and provided in the machine with the casing 51 gently inclined obliquely upward from the front end toward the rear end. The support member 9 is supported.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, a sediment discharge port 55 opened downward is provided at the rear end of the lower wall plate of the casing 51. The sediment discharge port 55 slides in the front-rear direction. It is opened and closed by a third gate 56 that is movably disposed. Specifically, the third gate jack 57 is attached to the front portion of the lower surface of the lower wall plate portion of the casing 51 with the length direction directed to the length direction of the casing 51, and the tip of the piston rod of the third gate jack 57 is attached. Is connected to the front end of the third gate 56, and the piston rod of the third gate jack 57 is contracted to move the third gate 56 forward to open the earth and sand discharge port 55. By extending, the third gate 56 is moved rearward and the earth and sand discharge port 55 is hermetically sealed.

  Below the earth and sand discharge port 55, the excavated earth and sand is disposed in a state where the upper surface of the front end portion of the belt conveyor 60 for discharging the earth and sand through the tunnel built in accordance with the excavation of the shield excavator A is faced. . As is well known, the shield body 1 has a plurality of shield jacks 8 for propelling the shield body 1 by applying a reaction force to the front end face of the assembled segment and the erector 7 that assembles the segment on the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel. Etc. are arranged.

  The operation of the earth removing device in the shield excavator A configured as described above will be described. First, in order to excavate the face ground by the shield excavator A, as is well known, a water supply pipe (not shown) is provided from the rear side in the machine. The high pressure water is supplied and filled in the chamber 4 to generate mud pressure in the chamber 4, and the cutter head 2 is driven to rotate while the mud pressure prevents the face from collapsing, and the shield jack 8 is extended by propelling the shield body 1, and every time a tunnel of a certain length is excavated, the segments are assembled in a ring shape by the erector 7 to cover the tunnel excavation wall surface.

  The excavated earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 2 is taken into the chamber 4, agitated by the agitating blade 2 d protruding from the rear surface of the cutter head 2, mixed with the pressure water in the chamber 4, and plastically fluidized. However, it is taken into the casing 11 of the screw conveyor 10 through a receiving port 3a such as earth and sand provided at the lower end of the partition wall 3. The rotation of the ribbon screw 12 of the screw conveyor 10 is driven by driving the screw drive motor 42 disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the rear end portion 11a of the casing 11 to fix the rear end portion of the ribbon screw 12. The excavated sediment is taken into the casing 11 by the tip of the ribbon screw 12 projecting into the chamber 4 from the receiving port 3a by rotating the ring 41, and the casing 11 is moved backward by the rotation of the ribbon screw 12. Transport to.

  During tunnel excavation by the shield excavator A, the first gate 16 provided in the gate chamber 17 connected to and communicated with the rear end of the screw conveyor 10 and the third gate 56 provided in the earth and sand discharge port 55 of the screw feeder 50 are provided. Is opened, the second gate 27 provided in the boulder outlet 24 of the classification chamber 20 is closed, and the excavated earth and sand transported to the transport end of the screw conveyor 10 by the ribbon screw 12 is 1 Passes through the earth and sand outlet 18a in the gate chamber 17 opened by the gate 16, and is introduced into the cylinder portion 21 directed upward and downward from the upper end receiving port 21a of the classification chamber 20, and in the lower end portion of the classification chamber 20 Is thrown into the screw feeder 50 from the earth and sand discharge port 23 opened downward to the lower end of the classification chamber 20 through the adjacent rollers of the plurality of rollers 25a to 25d constituting the classification means 22 disposed in It is.

  In the plurality of rollers 25a to 25d constituting the classifying means 22, the gap between the adjacent rollers is set to 500 mm. Therefore, gravel having a diameter less than this value is sifted through the rollers together with the excavated earth and sand. Then, it falls from the earth and sand receiving port 54 of the screw feeder 50 connected to and connected to the earth and sand discharge port 23 into the conveying start end of the screw feeder 50 and is conveyed rearward by the parallel augers 52 and 52 of the screw feeder 50. At this time, the gravel is conveyed backward while being pushed between the augers 52, 52 while being pushed by the screw blades of these augers 52, 52, and conveyed by the screw feeder 50 together with the excavated earth and sand. It falls on the conveyance start end part of the belt conveyor 60 through the earth and sand discharge port 55 opened downward at the terminal part, and is discharged backward through the tunnel by the belt conveyor 60.

  Since the screw conveyor 10 that takes in the excavated sediment in the chamber 4 is a ribbon screw conveyor without a shaft, there is a possibility that the excavated sediment will be low and there will be a spill of sediment water. Since the screw feeder 50 is made to follow through 20, the length of the conveyance path becomes long and sufficient water stoppage is exhibited, and the screw feeder 50 is composed of a screw with a shaft, so the degree of filling of excavated soil is high. An earthen plug effect is exerted, and eruption of earth and sand water can be reliably prevented.

  Next, when the boulder B is taken into the chamber 4 by the cutter head 2 during the excavation of the shield excavator A, the boulder B faces the chamber 4 from the lower end portion of the partition wall 3 together with the excavated earth and sand as described above. It is taken in by the ribbon screw 12 of the screw conveyor 10 and conveyed rearward through the screw conveyor 10, and passes through the earth and sand outlet 18a in the gate chamber 17 opened by opening the first gate 16, as shown in FIG. The earth and sand are introduced into the classification chamber 20 from the upper end receiving port 21a of the classification chamber 20 and the small sand gravel is introduced into the screw feeder 50 side through the adjacent rollers of the classification means 22 as described above. One roller from the highest roller 25a above or between the adjacent higher roller 25b and the roller 25c lower than this roller facing the boulder B drop path The boulders 25a to 25c are received by the steep inclination angle formed between the higher roller 25a and the lower roller 25c. The boulders move on the rollers 25a to 25c while being rotated by the sliding frictional force with the gravity, and move to the discharge waiting section 26 toward the boulder outlet 23 provided on the one end side of the classification chamber 20 by its own weight. Stop on the discharge standby section 26.

  On the other hand, when this boulder B enters the classification chamber 20, it is detected by the detection means arranged in the classification chamber 20, and the detection signal stops the excavation of the shield excavator A and the ribbon screw 12 of the screw conveyor 10. After the ribbon screw 12 is stopped, the right and left door plates 16a, 16a of the first gate 16 are immediately moved in the closing direction in conjunction with the rotation of the ribbon screw 12, so that the cross-sectional surfaces of the door plates 16a, 16a are opposed to each other. By connecting the tips of the V-shaped inner end surfaces 16b and 16b in a butted manner, the earth and sand delivery port 18a is closed as shown in FIG.

When the first gate 16 is closed, the excavated earth and sand present at the part 18a of the earth and sand outlet is divided in the front-rear direction by the V-shaped inner end faces 16b and 16b of the left and right door plates 16a and 16a. It is possible to seal the earth and sand outlet 18a by joining the sharp ends of the door plates 16a and 16a to each other without being interposed between the inner end surfaces of the door plates 16a and 16a. Furthermore, in the case where gravel is present at the earth and sand transport outlet 18a, when the majority of the gravel protrudes backward from the earth and sand transport outlet 18a, this gravel faces the screw conveyor 10 side. The inclined end surfaces on the rear side of the inner end surfaces 16b, 16b of the left and right door plates 16a, 16a having the V-shaped cross section are formed on the front side plates.
, 16a can be pushed according to the movement in the closing direction, and gravel can be pushed and discharged toward the classification chamber 20 side at the inclined end face as it is closed, and most of the gravel protrudes forward from the sediment transport outlet 18a. If present in the state, the front side inclined end faces of the left and right door plates 16a, 16a in the V-shaped inner end faces 16b, 16b on the front side facing the classification chamber 20 side of the gravel The door plates 16a and 16a can be pressed according to the movement in the closing direction, and the gravel can be pushed back toward the screw conveyor 10 at the inclined end face as the door plates 16a and 16a are moved.

  Accordingly, the sand and the like can be reliably closed between the inner end surfaces of the left and right door plates 16a, 16a of the first gate 16, but the inner end surfaces of the left and right door plates 16a, 16a are sharp. In order to join the tips more closely to each other, the left and right door plates 16a, 16a whose inner end faces facing each other reach the closed position are repeatedly opened and closed at that position, so-called inching operation is performed to perform the left and right door operations. An operation is performed to move the earth and sand existing between the opposing tips of the door plates 16a and 16a in the front-rear direction.

  Even after the first gate 16 is closed, the screw feeder 50 is operated and the augers 52 and 52 convey the excavated sediment in the casing 51 rearward. The excavated sediment in the classification chamber 20 is screwed in accordance with this conveyance. When there is a space in which the horizontal plate 31 for extruding the boulders protruding from the front end earth and sand receiving port 54 of the feeder 50 into the casing 51 of the screw feeder 50 and pushing out the boulders B into the classification chamber 20 can be operated smoothly, The operation of the feeder 50 is stopped and the second gate 27 is operated upward to open the boulder outlet 24 as shown in FIG. In order to confirm that the excavated sediment in the classification chamber 20 has been removed, a sediment detection means such as a sediment detection rod is provided in the lower part of the classification chamber 20, and a signal from the sediment detection means is used. The screw feeder 50 may be stopped, and the time when the excavated sediment is discharged from the classification chamber 20 by the operation of the screw feeder 50 is set in advance, and the screw feeder 50 is stopped when this time is reached. You may let them. Further, the third gate that opens and closes the earth and sand discharge port 55 of the screw feeder 50 may be kept open.

  When the boulder discharge port 24 is opened by the second gate 27, the horizontal plate drive jack 57 is operated in conjunction with the opening, and the boulder ejection horizontal plate 31 is moved from the other side wall surface of the classification chamber 20 to the boulder discharge port 24. Is moved toward the side wall surface side, the tip surface is pressed against the lower part of the boulder B, and further moved to push the boulder B from the discharge standby part 26 toward the boulder outlet 24, It pushes out from the discharge port 24 to one side outside the classification chamber 20.

  Below the one side of the classification chamber 20, a boulder carrying truck 61 is waiting, and the boulders B discharged from the outlet 24 are dropped into the carriage 61, and the carriage 61 is moved from the cabin to the rear of the tunnel. It travels on the track (not shown) laid to the part and transports it to the rear boulder processing part.

  After discharging the boulder B in this manner, the tunnel is dug again by the shield excavator A and the first and third gates 16 and 56 are opened as described above, while the boulder outlet 24 of the classification chamber 20 is opened. After the second gate 27 for opening and closing is closed, the screw conveyor 10 is operated to take the excavated soil excavated by the cutter head 2 and carry it into the classification chamber 20 to include boulders B in the excavated sediment. In the classifying chamber 20, the boulder B and the excavated earth and sand are sieved and the excavated earth and sand are sent to the screw feeder 50, while the boulder B is discharged from the boulder outlet 24 to the outside.

A Shield excavator B Boulder 1 Shield body 2 Cutter head 4 Chamber
10 Screw conveyor
11 Casing
12 Ribbon screw
16 Gate 1
19 First gate jack
20 classification room
22 classifier
23 Sediment outlet
24 Boulder outlet
25 bar screen
27 Second gate
29 Second gate jack
31 Horizontal plate for protruding boulders
40 Drive ring
42 Screw drive motor
50 Screw feeder
55 Gate 3

Claims (4)

A soil discharger for discharging excavated sediment including boulders excavated by a cutter head disposed in a front end opening of a shield main body of a shield excavator and taken into the chamber from the inside of the chamber. A screw conveyor in which a front end opening portion of a casing in which a ribbon screw is rotatably arranged is exposed to the inside of the chamber from a lower end portion of a partition wall of the shield body, and is opened rearward in the screw conveyor. A gate chamber having a first gate that opens and closes the passage, and is connected to and communicated with the rear end opening, and is formed in a passage for excavated earth and sand that is pushed out from the screw conveyor, and opens and closes the first gate. a first gate jack to the open end that opens toward the front in its upper end to the rear end opening of the gate chamber connected, communicated, One, a this downward drilling sand dropping tube portion and the digging soil and boulders formed by providing a classification means comprising a bar screen for separating classifying chamber together with and a drilling sand dropping tube portion refracted downward from the open end A boulder outlet provided on one side of the classification chamber, a second gate that opens and closes the outlet, a second gate jack that opens and closes the second gate, and boulders on the classification means in addition to the classification chamber A boulder projecting horizontal plate sent from the side portion toward the discharge port side, a boulder dropped into the classification chamber from the excavated earth and sand dropping cylinder, and the shield excavator and the screw conveyor are detected by the detected signal. a boulder detecting means for closing the first gate with stops, upward to the excavated earth and sand which has passed through the classification means is provided on the conveying starting end to the lower end opening of the classifying chamber to discharge downwardly A screw feeder that communicates a sand receiving opening that mouth, and a third gate for opening and closing the open sediment outlet downward are provided on the conveying end of the screw feeder, to open and close the third gate A soil removal apparatus for a shield excavator, comprising a third gate jack .   The rotational drive mechanism of the ribbon screw is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the casing by rotatably providing a drive ring with the rear end of the ribbon screw fixed integrally to the inner peripheral surface of the rear end of the casing. The earth removal device for a shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein the earthing device is rotated by a drive motor. Classification means for classifying chamber, in shield excavating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a bar screen formed by arranging at predetermined intervals so as to gradually decrease toward the plurality of rollers to boulders outlet Earth removal equipment.   2. The earth removing device for a shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein the screw feeder is formed by juxtaposing two augers formed integrally with screw blades on an outer periphery of a shaft in a casing.

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