JP5843280B2 - Composite material cutting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cutting a composite material by moving a blade in a cutting direction while applying ultrasonic vibration to a blade of a single blade type.

  A composite material, for example, a flat plate material in which a carbon fiber structure is impregnated with a resin is light and has sufficient strength, and thus is utilized as an airframe material for an aircraft or the like. As disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the cutting of the composite material is good by moving the blade in the cutting direction while applying ultrasonic vibration to the blade, like rubber products and optical fibers. It is cut under a proper cut surface.

  Usually, the blade is attached to a processing head of a processing machine capable of multi-axis control, and is controlled to move relative to the composite material along a cutting line. In the cutting process of the composite material, there are a vertical cutting that becomes a vertical cutting surface and an oblique cutting that becomes an oblique cutting surface depending on the posture of the cutter with respect to the composite material. From the viewpoint of work efficiency, when performing the vertical cutting and the oblique cutting without exchanging the blades, since the oblique cutting can be handled only with one blade, the blade uses a sharable single blade.

  However, when using a single-edged blade, the cutting surface of the blade receives the force in the direction of the back of the cutting surface, that is, the back of the blade, from the cut surface of the composite material in the vertical cutting process. The blade is bent, the blade is bent, and the cutting dimension becomes smaller than the target dimension of the product after cutting, and the target dimension cannot be secured. Such a phenomenon also occurs when using a machine tool capable of multi-axis control and moving the cutter in the cutting direction while supporting the cutter tool with the machining head.

JP-A-10-217193

JP 2003-48191 A

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to accurately cut a cutting dimension to a target dimension when cutting a composite material vertically with a single-edged blade while applying ultrasonic vibration to the blade tool.

Based on the above problems, the present invention provides a cutting method in which a flat plate-shaped composite material is cut vertically while applying ultrasonic vibration to a single-edged blade. The cutting edge of the blade is the product side to be cut, the cutting edge in the cutting direction is positioned on the cutting line, and the cutting edge of the cutting direction is displaced closer to the product than the cutting line, the cutting line An opening angle is set between the blade and the blade back surface, and when cutting, the composite material and the blade are moved relative to the cutting line and act on the cutting surface of the blade. The force and the force acting on the back surface of the blade are offset (claim 1).

In particular, the present invention provides the above-described method for cutting a composite material, in the process of relatively moving the composite material and the blade along the cutting line at the time of cutting , the force acting on the blade attachment surface and the blade by to unequal and forces acting on the rear surface and substantially equal, to offset the force acting on the blade back faces and the forces acting on the sharpened surface of the blade, which enables the retention of supporting part of the edge tool As small as possible (Claim 1 ).

Furthermore, the present invention provides the cutting method of the composite material, wherein the blade is tilted forward in the moving direction, and the blade edge angle of the front blade edge acting on the composite material is a blade edge having a cross section perpendicular to the center line of the blade. It is sharper than the corner (Claim 2 ).

According to the cutting method of the composite material according to the present invention, since the single-edged blade is opposed to the cut surface of the product on the back surface of the blade, in addition to the vertical cutting that becomes the vertical cutting surface, the diagonal cutting that becomes the diagonal cutting surface. Can be handled without exchanging the blade, and the ultrasonic vibration of the blade provides a good cut surface after cutting, and the rear end of the cutting direction of the blade is displaced closer to the product than the cutting line. The opening angle is set between the cutting line and the blade back surface so that the force acting on the blade attaching surface of the blade and the force acting on the blade back surface are offset at the time of cutting. Therefore, the cutting tool can be prevented from bending to the product side in the cutting process, the cutting dimension can be cut to the target dimension, the cutting accuracy is improved, and no great force acts on the support part of the cutting tool, In addition to ease of movement control, negative There is reduced, its lifetime is also be caused to extend over conventional (claim 1).

In particular , in the cutting method of the composite material, if the force acting on the blade attachment surface and the force acting on the blade back surface are equal or substantially equal, the holding force of the support portion of the blade tool can be made as small as possible, The knife movement resistance is reduced, and the movement control is further facilitated (Claim 1 ).

Furthermore, in the cutting method of the composite material, the blade tip angle acting on the composite material is substantially sharpened by an appropriate forward tilt of the blade, so that the cutting ability of the blade can be further enhanced (Claim 2 ).

1 is a side view, (2) is a vertical sectional view thereof, and (3) is a horizontal sectional view of the cutter tool. It is a skeleton side view of the state which attached the blade tool to the processing head of the 5-axis control machine tool. It is a top view when cut | disconnecting a composite material with a cutter tool based on the cutting method of the composite material which concerns on this invention. It is a vertical sectional view when cutting a composite material with a blade tool based on the method for cutting a composite material according to the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the force which acts on a cutter tool, when cutting a composite material with a cutter tool based on the cutting method of the composite material which concerns on this invention. It is a side view of the state which inclined the blade tool forward when cutting a composite material with a blade tool based on the cutting method of the composite material concerning the present invention.

  FIG. 1 shows a cutting tool 1 which is a premise of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a blade tool 1 includes a blade 2 and a holder 3 that holds the blade 2. The blade 2 has a trapezoidal cross section as a whole, and has a blade attachment surface 5 at front and rear edges of the blade surface 4. As described above, the blade 2 forms the cutting edge 7 at the tips of the front and rear cutting surfaces 5, but does not have the cutting surface 5 on the back surface 6 on the back side of the blade surface 4. It is a knife.

  The blade 2 is connected by a horn 8 to an ultrasonic vibrator 9 incorporated in the holder 3. The ultrasonic vibrator 9 is driven by ultrasonic power from an oscillator (not shown) at the time of cutting, and gives a vibration of 20 to 40 kHz to the blade 2 via the horn 8. At this time, the blade 2 vibrates with an amplitude of 10 to 70 μm in the longitudinal direction.

  FIG. 2 shows a state in which the blade tool 1 is attached to a machining head 10 of a machine capable of multi-axis control, for example, 6-axis control. In FIG. 2, the processing machine moves the processing head 10 in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction as the orthogonal three axes of the XYZ coordinates by the movement function, and the processing head 10 as the three rotation axes. Rotate around the C-axis parallel to the Z-axis direction, around the A-axis of 45 degrees with respect to the Z-axis direction, and around the B-axis on the C-axis, so that the machining head 10 and the cutting tool 1 are suitable for cutting. The product is cut from the composite material 11 by setting the posture and relatively moving the blade 2 in the cutting direction between the blade tool 1 and the flat plate-shaped composite material 11 to be cut. The illustrated machining head 10 is a one-point-oriented machining head, but can also be configured as an offset machining head at a position eccentric from the center line of the B axis (C axis).

  The composite material 11 is usually placed on a cutting board (not shown) on a cutting die 14 made of resin or aluminum, covered with a film (not shown), and then on the cutting die 14 by air drawing (vacuum suction). Fixed to. At the time of cutting, the blade 2 cuts the composite material 11 together with the film.

  3 and 4 illustrate the posture of the blade 2 of the blade tool 1 with respect to the flat plate-like composite material 11 during vertical cutting. 3 and 4, the blade 2 stands in the Z-axis direction so that the cut surface of the composite material 11 is perpendicular (perpendicular) to the upper and lower surfaces of the composite material 11, and is formed on the composite material 11 on the XY plane. On the other hand, the blade back surface 6 of the blade 2 is set to be vertical.

  And the cutting method of the composite material which concerns on this invention tries to cut | disconnect the blade back surface 6 of the blade 2 by setting the blade 2 perpendicularly | vertically with respect to the composite material 11, giving ultrasonic vibration to the blade 2 of a single blade type | mold. On the product 13 side, the cutting edge 12 on the front side in the cutting direction is positioned on the cutting line 12, and the rear end of the cutting direction of the cutter 2 is displaced closer to the product 13 than the cutting line 12, so that the cutting line 12 and the back surface of the blade A force acting on the cutting surface 5 of the blade 2 in the process of moving the composite material 11 and the blade 2 relative to each other along the cutting line 12 at the time of cutting. And the force acting on the blade back surface 6 are offset. In the period from before cutting to the end, the product 13 is fixed on the cutting die 14 by vacuum suction, but the composite material 11 on the blade surface 4 side, that is, the broken material 15 is in a state of releasing suction simultaneously with the cutting. And cut along the cutting edge 5 on the front side in the cutting direction.

  FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the force acting on the blade attachment surface 5 and the force acting on the blade back surface 6 during cutting. An opening angle θ is set between the cutting line 12 and the blade back surface 6, and when the composite material 11 and the blade 2 are moved relatively along the cutting line 12, the moving direction is a moving resistance at that time. The force F1 applied to the front blade attachment surface 5 and the force F2 applied to the blade back surface 6 are defined as F1.

  If the force F1 applied to the blade surface 5 causes a component force F1x in the X direction, which is a component force perpendicular to the blade surface 5, to act as an area A1 where the composite material 11 contacts the blade surface 5 during cutting. The force ρ1 applied to the surface 5 is ρ1 = F1x × A1. Further, the force F2 applied to the blade back surface 6 causes a component force F2x in the X direction perpendicular to the blade back surface 6 to act, and the area A2 where the composite material 11 contacts the blade back surface 6 is applied to the blade back surface 6. The force ρ2 is ρ2 = F2x × A2.

Here, in general, F1x> F2x and A1 <A2, but if ρ1 = ρ2, these forces are completely canceled out, so that the blade 2 receives almost no force in the X direction, and the cutting line 12 The holding force of the support portion of the blade tool 1 can be made as small as possible. As a result, the cutting size can be cut to the target size, the cutting accuracy is improved, a large force does not act on the support portion of the blade tool 1 , the blade movement control is facilitated, and the load on the blade tool 1 is reduced. Can be reduced and its life can be extended. Moreover, a good cut surface can be obtained in the product 13 by the ultrasonic vibration of the blade 2.

Those forces .rho.1, even ρ2 are not become completely equal, the result of the cancellation, decreases cancel each other force in the X direction, if cutter 2 is supported against its small force, blade 2, There is no significant warping from the cutting line 12.

  Actually, how the force is applied depends on how easily the composite material 11 is cut, how to fix the composite material 11, how to escape the elastic deformation or plastic deformation of the composite material 11 at the cutting position, and the rigidity of the entire system. Since the opening angle θ changes, it is difficult to obtain the opening angle θ simply by calculation. For this reason, the opening angle θ is adjusted while actually cutting the composite material 11 using the blade 2, and is set as the most effective angle value. In general, the opening angle θ is usually set in the range of 2 to 6 degrees, although it depends on the blade tool 1, the composite material 10, and the cutting conditions.

  Further, as illustrated in FIG. 6, if the blade 2 is tilted forward in the moving direction and the forward tilt angle α is set, the blade edge angle of the front blade edge 7 acting on the composite material 11 as shown in FIG. 6 (1). β (the cross-sectional angle of the cutting edge 7 in the plane of the composite material 11) is substantially sharper than the cross-sectional angle of the cutting edge 7 in a plane perpendicular to the center line of the blade 2 as shown in FIG. . As a result, the cutting ability of the blade 2 is further enhanced.

As described above, the blade tool 1 can be used not only for vertical cutting but also for oblique cutting without changing the tool. At the time of oblique cutting, the blade 2 is set in an inclined state at an angle of oblique cutting, and the composite material 11 is cut while maintaining the angle.

  The present invention can be used for the same kind of composite material in addition to a flat plate composite material in which a carbon fiber structure is impregnated with a resin, and the opening angle θ is as described above for each composite material and cutting conditions. Set to

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cutting tool 2 Cutting tool 3 Holding tool 4 Blade surface 5 Cutting surface 6 Blade back surface 7 Cutting edge 8 Horn 9 Ultrasonic vibrator 10 Processing head 11 Composite material 12 Cutting line 13 Product 14 Cutting die 15 Broken material θ Opening angle α Forward tilt angle β Cutting edge angle F1, F2 Force F1x, F2x Component force

Claims (2)

In a cutting method in which a flat plate-shaped composite material is cut vertically while applying ultrasonic vibration to a blade of a single blade type, the blade is set perpendicular to the composite material, and the blade side of the blade is cut on the product side. The front edge of the cutting direction is positioned on the cutting line, and the rear end of the cutting direction of the cutter is displaced closer to the product than the cutting line to set an opening angle between the cutting line and the back surface of the blade In addition, in the process of relatively moving the composite material and the blade along the cutting line at the time of cutting, the force acting on the blade attachment surface and the force acting on the blade back surface are equal or almost equal. The holding force of the support part of the blade tool is made as small as possible by equalizing and canceling out the force acting on the blade attachment surface of the blade and the force acting on the blade back surface. Material cutting method. And tilted forward the blade in the direction of movement, claims wherein for acute reduction than the cutting edge angle of the cross section perpendicular to the cutting edge angle of the front of the cutting edge acting on the composite material with respect to the center line of the blade, characterized in that cutting method 1 Symbol placement of the composite material.

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