JP5822539B2 - Welding equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a welding apparatus, and more particularly to a welding apparatus that performs carbon dioxide arc welding.

  Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 4-4074 (Patent Document 1) discloses a consumable electrode type arc welding method in which a short circuit and arc generation are repeated between a consumable electrode and a base material. This consumable electrode arc welding method repeats the process of forming droplets and the process of transferring the droplets to the base material.

  FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a consumable electrode type arc welding method that repeats short-circuiting and arc generation.

  Referring to FIG. 16, in the consumable electrode type arc welding method in which short-circuiting and arc generation are repeated, processes (a) to (f) described below are repeatedly executed in order. (A) Short-circuit initial state in which the droplet contacts the molten pool, (b) Short-circuit intermediate state in which the contact between the droplet and the molten pool is ensured and the droplet is transferred to the molten pool, (c) The droplet The short-circuit late state in which the constriction occurs in the droplet between the welding wire and the molten pool due to the transition to the molten pool side, (d) the state in which the short circuit is opened and the arc is generated, and (e) the end of the welding wire is Arc generation state in which molten droplets grow by melting, (f) Arc generation state immediately before droplets grow and short-circuit with the molten pool.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-4074

  In the conventional short circuit transfer welding disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 4-4074, arcs and short circuits occur regularly. However, when welding by a carbon dioxide arc welding method with a large current (> 200A), in the globule transition accompanied by a short circuit, the droplet rises to the upper part of the wire due to the arc reaction force, and the arc time is extended to cause a periodic short circuit. Generation becomes difficult, and arcs and short circuits occur irregularly.

  As described above, when the cycle of the short circuit and the arc fluctuates irregularly, the droplet size at the time of the short circuit becomes indefinite and the alignment of the bead toe ends becomes worse.

  In addition, the high current causes an excessive arc force to act at irregular positions with respect to the molten pool, so that the molten pool is vibrated large and irregularly, and in particular, the pumping bead is pushed by pushing the molten pool to the side opposite to the welding direction. Is likely to occur.

  In particular, in order to improve productivity, it is required to increase the welding speed, and in high-speed welding, deterioration of the welding quality due to the influence of the above-mentioned problem appears remarkably. In order to increase the welding speed, it is necessary to increase the wire feeding speed in order to increase the unit welding amount. Accordingly, there is a relationship that the welding current increases.

  However, since the welding speed, wire feeding speed, and welding current are variously selected depending on the object to be welded, the welding apparatus can perform the welding speed region, the wire feeding speed region, or the welding current region where the globule transition accompanied by the short circuit occurs ( It is also used in regions other than the globule transition region (for example, short-circuit transition region). Therefore, the welding apparatus is required to perform stable welding inside and outside the globule transition region. In particular, compared to the globule transition region, the droplet size at the tip of the wire is small and the molten pool is also small. The short-circuit transition region (soft steel solid, wire diameter 1.2 mm, generally welding current of 100 A or less), or high electric current even in the globule transition region. In the basin, if the welding device is controlled in the same manner as the low current region in the globule transition region, the molten pool and the droplets at the tip of the wire are likely to be exposed, and the bead appearance is impaired.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a welding apparatus capable of performing stable welding inside and outside the globule transition region.

  In summary, the present invention is a welding apparatus that uses carbon dioxide gas as a shielding gas and performs welding by a carbon dioxide arc welding method in which a short circuit state and an arc state are alternately repeated, and a voltage is applied between a torch and a base material. A power supply circuit for providing the power supply, and a control unit for controlling a voltage of the power supply circuit. The control unit outputs a high-level current during the first arc period in the initial arc period following the short-circuit period, and outputs an arc current corresponding to the welding voltage subjected to constant voltage control in the second arc period after the arc period. Control the power supply circuit. Further, the control unit controls the power supply circuit so that a high level current is generated by superimposing a waveform that increases or decreases in a predetermined cycle on the high level base current. Furthermore, the control unit determines that the current setting value or the speed setting value is within the predetermined range as compared with the case where the current setting value of the welding current or the speed setting value of the speed at which the wire is fed to the torch is outside the predetermined range. Increases the amplitude of the waveform.

  Preferably, the power supply circuit is configured such that an inductance value of a supply path for supplying a current to the torch is variably controlled under the control of the control unit. The control unit reduces the inductance value of the power supply circuit in the second arc period when the current set value or the speed set value is smaller than the predetermined range than when the current set value or the speed set value is within the predetermined range. Let

Preferably, the waveform is a triangular wave or a sine wave.
Preferably, when the constriction of the droplet is detected during the short circuit period, the control unit performs constriction detection control for reducing the short circuit current.

  According to the present invention, the amplitude of the triangular wave superimposed on the high-level base current is made small or zero in the current region where the short circuit shifts, and the triangular wave has the maximum amplitude in the current region where the globule transition occurs. Thereby, the scattering of droplets is reduced both in the current region where the short circuit is transferred and in the current region where the globule is transferred, and welding with less spatter is possible.

1 is a block diagram of a welding apparatus according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of functions stored in an amplitude setting circuit WH and an inductance setting circuit LR in FIG. 1. It is an equivalent circuit diagram of a general welding apparatus. It is the figure which showed the equivalent circuit corresponding to Formula (5). It is the operation | movement waveform diagram which showed the welding voltage and welding current at the time of welding in a low electric current area | region among the electric current areas used as a globule transition with the welding apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the figure which showed the state of the welding part in the point Pa of FIG. It is the figure which showed the state of the welding part in the point Pb of FIG. It is the figure which showed the state of the welding part in the point Pc of FIG. It is the figure which showed the state of the welding part in the point Pd of FIG. FIG. 3 is an operation waveform diagram showing a welding current when welding is performed in a current region that causes a short circuit transition in the welding apparatus according to the first embodiment. It is the operation | movement waveform diagram which showed the welding current at the time of welding in a high electric current area | region among the globule transfer area | regions with the welding apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the block diagram which showed the structure of 100 A of welding apparatuses which concern on Embodiment 2. FIG. FIG. 9 is an operation waveform diagram showing a welding voltage, a welding current, and a control signal when welding is performed by the welding apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 10 is an operation waveform diagram showing a welding current when welding is performed in a current region that causes a short circuit transition in the welding apparatus according to the second embodiment. It is the operation | movement waveform diagram which showed the welding current at the time of welding in a high electric current area | region among the globule transfer area | regions with the welding apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the consumable electrode type arc welding method which repeats a short circuit and arc generation.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or an equivalent part in a figure, and the description is not repeated.

  The welding method described in the present embodiment is a welding method that repeats a short-circuit state and an arc state, and is different from the pulse arc welding method.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the welding apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  Referring to FIG. 1, welding device 100 includes a power supply circuit 102, a power supply control device 104, a wire feeding device 106, and a welding torch 4.

  The power supply control device 104 controls the power supply circuit 102 to control the welding current Iw and the welding voltage Vw output to the welding torch 4 to values suitable for welding.

  The wire feeding device 106 feeds the welding wire 1 to the welding torch 4. A shielding gas containing carbon dioxide as a main component is released from the tip portion of the welding torch 4. An arc 3 is generated between the welding wire 1 protruding from the tip of the welding torch 4 and the base material 2, and the welding wire 1 is melted to weld the base material. The wire feeding device 106 includes a feeding speed setting circuit FR, a feeding control circuit FC, a feeding motor WM, and a feeding roll 5.

  The power supply circuit 102 includes a power supply main circuit PM, a resistance value Rio, a reactor DCL, a voltage detection circuit VD, and a current detection circuit ID.

  The power supply main circuit PM receives a commercial power supply (not shown) such as three-phase 200V as input, performs output control by inverter control according to a current error amplification signal Ei described later, and outputs an output voltage E and a welding current Iw. Although not shown, the power supply main circuit PM includes, for example, a primary rectifier that rectifies commercial power, a capacitor that smoothes the rectified direct current, an inverter circuit that converts the smoothed direct current into high frequency alternating current, and arcs the high frequency alternating current A high-frequency transformer that steps down to a voltage value suitable for welding, a secondary rectifier that rectifies the stepped-down high-frequency alternating current, and pulse width modulation control using current error amplification signal Ei as input, and based on this result, the inverter described above And a driving circuit for driving the circuit.

Reactor DCL smoothes the output of power supply main circuit PM.
The feeding speed setting circuit FR outputs a feeding speed setting signal Fr corresponding to a predetermined feeding speed setting value. The feeding control circuit FC outputs a feeding control signal Fc for feeding the welding wire 1 at a feeding speed corresponding to the value of the feeding speed setting signal Fr to the feeding motor WM. The welding wire 1 is fed through the welding torch 4 by the rotation of the feeding roll 5 of the wire feeding device 106, and an arc 3 is generated between the welding wire 1 and the base material 2.

  The current detection circuit ID detects the welding current Iw and outputs a welding current detection signal Id. The voltage detection circuit VD detects the welding voltage Vw and outputs a welding voltage detection signal Vd.

  The power supply control device 104 includes an arc detection circuit AD, a timer circuit TM, an amplitude center current setting circuit IHCR, a frequency setting circuit FH, an amplitude setting circuit WH, a first welding current setting circuit IR1, and an inductance setting circuit LR. And an output voltage setting circuit ER, a second welding current setting circuit IR2, a welding current setting switching circuit SW, and a current error amplification circuit EI.

  The arc detection circuit AD receives the welding voltage detection signal Vd as an input signal, and detects the occurrence of an arc when the value of the welding voltage detection signal Vd is equal to or greater than a threshold value, so that the arc detection signal Ad becomes a high level. Is output. The timer circuit TM receives the arc detection signal Ad as an input signal, and outputs a timer signal Tm that becomes high level for a predetermined period after the arc detection signal Ad becomes high level.

  The amplitude center current setting circuit IHCR outputs an amplitude center current setting signal Ihcr which is a predetermined high level base current. The frequency setting circuit FH outputs a predetermined frequency setting signal Fh. The amplitude setting circuit WH receives the feed speed setting signal Fr output from the feed speed setting circuit FR as an input signal, and outputs the amplitude setting signal Wh according to a predetermined function.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of functions stored in the amplitude setting circuit WH and the inductance setting circuit LR in FIG. As shown in the lower part of FIG. 2, the amplitude setting signal Wh is set so that the amplitude of the triangular wave superimposed on the high-level base current is zero in the current region where the set current (welding average current) shifts to a short circuit.

  In addition, the amplitude setting signal Wh is set so that the set current becomes higher than 150 A and the amplitude of the triangular wave is increased so that the maximum amplitude IHA is obtained in the low current region of the current region where the globule shifts.

  Further, the amplitude setting signal Wh is set so that the amplitude of the triangular wave becomes zero at 300A when the set current is further increased.

  The amplitude setting circuit WH in FIG. 1 outputs the amplitude setting signal Wh set in this way. There is a substantially proportional relationship between the set current and the wire feed speed, and the wire feed speed is usually set in the welding apparatus.

The melting rate Vm of the welding wire is expressed as Vm = αI + βI ² R. Here, α and β indicate coefficients, I indicates a welding current, and R indicates a resistance value of a portion (protrusion length) where the welding wire protrudes from the contact tip at the tip of the torch. It can be seen that when the welding current I is increased, the melting rate Vm of the welding wire also increases. If good welding is performed, the welding wire melting speed Vm usually matches the wire feed speed.

  Therefore, the set current and the wire feed speed corresponding to the set current are shown on the horizontal axis of FIG. In addition, it is not limited to this correspondence, The corresponding wire feeding speed written together is an example, and corresponding feeding speed changes variously by welding conditions (wire diameter etc.). Even in this case, it is possible to set a function of the triangular wave amplitude with respect to the wire feed speed by previously obtaining it experimentally.

  Further, preferably, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 2, in addition to changing the setting of the amplitude of the triangular wave according to the wire feed speed, the value of the inductance in the constant voltage control may be changed. That is, in the low current region where the short circuit transition occurs, the number of short circuits is increased by reducing the inductance value in constant voltage control. Thereby, the size of the droplet is controlled more appropriately. The function shown in the upper part of FIG. 2 is stored in the inductance setting circuit LR of FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 1 again, first welding current setting circuit IR1 receives amplitude center current setting signal Ihcr, frequency setting signal Fh and amplitude setting signal Wh as input signals, and outputs first welding current setting signal Ir1. To do.

  In the power supply control device 104, the amplitude center current setting circuit IHCR, the frequency setting circuit FH, the amplitude setting circuit WH, and the first welding current setting circuit IR1 generate a high-level current at the beginning of the arc period to be described later. It is a circuit for.

  In the power supply control device 104, the inductance setting circuit LR, the output voltage setting circuit ER, and the second welding current setting circuit IR2 are determined while changing the reactor according to the wire feed speed in the latter half of the arc period to be described later. This is a circuit for performing voltage control. Here, the electronic reactor control will be described before the description of the second welding current setting circuit IR2.

  FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a general welding apparatus. E represents a constant voltage source, Lm represents a target inductance value, and Rio represents a resistance value inside and outside the welding apparatus. This resistance value Rio is a total value of the wiring resistance value inside the welding power source and the resistance value of the welding cable. Further, v represents a voltage applied to the load, and i represents a welding current flowing through the load. The equivalent circuit of FIG. 3 can be expressed by the following equation (1).

E = Rio · i + Lm · di / dt + v (1)
In the above equation, the resistance value Rio is a small value and can be ignored. For this reason, Formula (1) becomes like the following Formula (2).

E = Lm · di / dt + v (2)
When formula (2) is arranged, the following formula (3) is obtained.

di / dt = (E−v) / Lm (3)
When both sides are integrated, the following equation (4) is obtained.

i = ∫ ((E−v) / Lm) · dt (4)
Here, when the welding current i is replaced with the second welding current set value Ir2, the output voltage E is replaced with the output voltage set value Er, and the target inductance value Lm is replaced with the inductance set value Lr, the following equation (5) is obtained. can get.

Ir2 = ∫ ((Er−v) / Lr) · dt (5)
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit corresponding to Equation (5). In FIG. 4, the welding voltage v is detected, and the power supply circuit 102 is controlled so that the second welding current set value Ir2 corresponding to the welding current i of the constant current source CC becomes the calculated value of the above equation (5).

  By performing the above-described electronic reactor control, a desired inductance value Lr can be electronically formed.

  In FIG. 1, a resistance value Rio and an inductance value Lio inside and outside the welding apparatus due to a reactor DCL and the like exist in the energization path of the welding current i. The resistance value Rio is a resistance value due to wiring inside and outside the welding power source. As described above, the resistance value Rio is small and can be ignored. The inductance value Lio is an inductance value obtained by adding up the reactor provided inside the welding power source and the reactor due to the routing of the welding cable.

  The inductance value Lio is about 20 to 50 μH. The value of the inductance setting signal Lr described later is a target value including the inductance value Lio. That is, when Lr = 100 μH, the power supply circuit 102 is controlled so that the inductance value of the power supply circuit 102 as a whole becomes 100 μH even if Lio changes from 20 to 50 μH.

  The output voltage setting circuit ER outputs a predetermined output voltage setting signal Er. The inductance setting circuit LR receives the feed speed setting signal Fr from the feed speed setting circuit FR as an input signal, and outputs an inductance setting signal Lr having a value calculated based on a preset setting function. This setting function is shown in the upper part of FIG.

  The second welding current setting circuit IR2 receives the output voltage setting signal Er, the welding voltage detection signal Vd, and the inductance setting signal Lr as input signals, and performs the second welding based on the above equation (5). The current setting signal Ir2 = ∫ ((Er−Vd) / Lr) · dt is calculated and output. This integration calculation is performed during welding.

  The welding current setting switching circuit SW receives the timer signal Tm, the first welding current setting signal Ir1, and the second welding current setting signal Ir2 as input signals.

  When the timer signal Tm is at a high level, the welding current setting switching circuit SW switches to the input terminal a side and outputs the first welding current setting signal Ir1 as the welding current setting signal Ir.

  When the timer signal Tm is at the low level, the welding current setting switching circuit SW switches to the input terminal b side and outputs the second welding current setting signal Ir2 as the welding current setting signal Ir.

  The current error amplification circuit EI amplifies an error between the welding current setting signal Ir and the welding current detection signal Id and outputs a current error amplification signal Ei. When the welding current setting switching circuit SW outputs the first welding current setting signal Ir1 as the welding current setting signal Ir, that is, in the initial first arc period Ta1 shown in FIG. Therefore, constant current control is performed.

  When the welding current setting switching circuit SW outputs the second welding current setting signal Ir2 as the welding current setting signal Ir, that is, in the second arc period Ta2 and the short circuit period Ts in the latter period, the inductance value of the power supply circuit 102 is Electronic reactor control is performed so that the value of the welding current setting signal Ir is reached, and constant voltage control is performed.

  The reason why this constant voltage control is performed will be described. In the equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. 3, the voltage E of the constant voltage power source, the target inductance value Lm, and the welding current i are used. Therefore, when the welding current i is replaced with the second welding current set value Ir2, the output voltage E is replaced with the output voltage set value Er, and the target inductance value Lm is replaced with the inductance set value Lr, the above-described equation (5) is derived. It is. Conversely, when the second welding current setting circuit IR2 is set to flow the second welding current setting signal Ir2 based on the equation (5), the power supply main circuit PM becomes a constant voltage power supply.

  FIG. 5 is an operation waveform diagram showing a welding voltage and a welding current when welding is performed in a low current region where the globule transition is performed in the welding apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  Referring to FIG. 5, welding proceeds by repeating a short circuit period Ts and an arc period. The arc period is divided into an initial first arc period Ta1 and a later second arc period Ta2. The set value Fr of the wire feed speed is, for example, 650 cm / min. At this time, the triangular wave amplitude indicated by the amplitude setting signal Wh is set to the maximum value IHA by the function shown in the lower part of FIG.

  Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5, in a short-circuit period Ts at times t <b> 0 to t <b> 1, the welding wire 1 and the base material 2 come into contact with each other, a short-circuit current flows, Joule heat is generated at the tip of the welding wire 1, and the welding wire 1. The tip of becomes hot.

  When the droplet at the tip of the welding wire 1 moves and an arc is generated at time t1, the power supply control device 104 determines that the arc has occurred in response to the rapid increase in the welding voltage. In response to this, the power supply control device 104 switches the control to the constant current control, and shifts to the first arc period Ta1. The welding current rises to a high level current centered on the amplitude center current Ihc. Thereafter, a high level current is passed as a welding current for a certain period. The high level current is suppressed to a current value that does not cause the droplet to rise due to the arc force. The welding current flowing during the first arc period Ta1 is referred to as a high level current.

When good welding is performed, the welding speed matches the melting speed Vm of the welding wire. The melting rate Vm of the welding wire is expressed as Vm = αI + βI ² R. Here, α and β indicate coefficients, I indicates a welding current, and R indicates a resistance value of a portion (protrusion length) where the welding wire protrudes from the contact tip at the tip of the torch. It can be seen that when the welding current I is increased, the melting rate Vm of the welding wire also increases.

  However, when the welding current I is increased, the upward arc force acting on the droplet also increases. The arc force is proportional to the square of the welding current I. On the other hand, since gravity also acts on the droplet, an upward force works if the current value is large, and a downward force works if the current value is small, at the current value where the gravity and arc force are just balanced. When an alternating current is superimposed on the welding current I, an upward force and a downward force act alternately on the droplet. According to the inventor of the present application, when the current is increased or decreased in this manner, the upward and downward forces are alternately applied to the droplets to increase the overall current so that the upward force is continuously applied to the droplets. It was found that the droplets were more stable than those, and spatter could be reduced. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the current is increased or decreased during the first arc period to achieve stable and stepwise growth of the droplet.

  In the first arc period from time t1 to time t2, a triangular wave described below is superimposed on the amplitude center current Ihc. The amplitude center current Ihc corresponds to a high level base current set by the amplitude center current setting signal Ihcr.

  The triangular wave has a frequency of 2.5 kHz to 5 kHz and an amplitude of + -50 to 100 A with the amplitude center current Ihc (200 to 400 A) as the center, and the first arc period Ta1 is set to 0.3 ms to 3.0 ms. For example, the amplitude center current Ihc is Ihc = 400A, the amplitude is IHA = + − 100A, the frequency is f = 4 kHz, the first arc period is Ta1 = 1.0 ms, and the superimposed triangular wave is 4 cycles, so that the first arc You may set the length of a period and the cycle number of the waveform to overlap. Note that the waveform to be superimposed is not limited to a triangular wave, but may be another waveform such as a sine wave. In FIG. 5, the triangular wave of three periods is superimposed, but the superposition of the triangular wave is not limited to three periods, and can be increased or decreased as appropriate.

Hereinafter, the state of the welded part in the first arc period Ta1 will be described in detail.
(Period 1) 0 to 1/2 period of triangular wave FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state of a welded portion at a point Pa in FIG. Point Pa is a point where the superposition of the triangular wave is started.

  Referring to FIG. 6, arc 3 is generated between the tip of welding wire 1 and base material 2. The tip of the welding wire 1 is heated by the heat generated by the arc 3 to melt the tip, and a droplet 6 is formed. The welding wire 1 is fed in the direction of the base material 2 by a feeding device.

  The superposed current increases the wire melting rate and the droplet becomes larger, and the force applied to the droplet is maximized in a quarter cycle, and the rising of the droplet tends to be accelerated by the arc reaction force. However, since the arc reaction force decreases as the current decreases toward the ½ cycle, the rising can be prevented.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the state of the welded portion at point Pb in FIG. Point Pb is a point where a half period of the triangular wave has elapsed. As shown in FIG. 7, the droplet 6 at the tip of the welding wire 1 has grown slightly and is in a slightly raised state.

(Period 2) 1/2 to 3/4 period of triangular wave During this period, the power supply control device 104 reduces the welding current to less than the amplitude center current Ihc, and further reduces the arc reaction force against the droplet.

(Period 3) 3/4 to 1 period of triangular wave In 3/4 to 1 period of triangular wave, the welding current is increased again from the lower peak value of the triangular wave to the amplitude center current Ihc.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the state of the welded portion at the point Pc in FIG. Point Pc is a point where one cycle of the triangular wave has elapsed. As shown in FIG. 8, when the arc reaction force is reduced, the gravity acting on the droplet 6 and the arc reaction force are in a good balance. As a result, the rising of the droplet 6 is eliminated, and the droplet 6 is in a suspended state.

  Then, the triangular wave described in (Period 1) to (Period 3) is repeated three times and superimposed on the amplitude center current Ihc. Thereby, the droplet size is gradually increased while preventing the rising due to the arc reaction force, and a droplet having a desired size is formed.

  Note that the inductance value of the first arc period Ta1 is made smaller than that of the next second arc period Ta2 in order to easily superimpose the triangular wave. The inductance value in the second arc period Ta2 is determined based on the inductance setting value Lr determined by the function shown in the upper part of FIG.

Hereinafter, the state of the welded part in the second arc period Ta2 will be described in detail.
Referring to FIG. 5 again, at time t2, first arc period Ta1 ends and transitions to second arc period Ta2. In the second arc period Ta2, the power supply control device 104 increases the inductance value of the power supply circuit 102 and switches the control from constant current control to constant voltage control for arc length control. This switching corresponds to switching the SW from the terminal a to the terminal b in FIG. Since the inductance is large, the welding current waveform gradually decreases according to the arc load. In addition, the welding voltage decreases gradually.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the state of the welded portion at the point Pd in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 9, the droplet formed in the first arc period Ta <b> 1 approaches the molten pool while rising slightly in the second arc period Ta <b> 2 without rising. Since the change in the arc length due to the rise is prevented and the arc length is adjusted by the constant voltage control, and the change in the arc force becomes gentle, the molten pool is hardly vibrated. Further, since the welding current is gradually reduced, heat input to the base material is sufficiently performed, and the familiarity of the toe end of the bead is improved.

  At time t3, when the droplet contacts the molten pool and a short circuit occurs, the droplet drops rapidly. When a short circuit is determined by this sudden drop in welding voltage, the welding current is increased at a desired rising speed. As the welding current rises, an electromagnetic pinch force acts on the upper part of the droplet to cause constriction, and the droplet 6 moves to the molten pool 7.

  As described above, the welding method shown in the first embodiment is a carbon dioxide arc welding method in which low spatter control is performed, but is different from the pulse arc welding method.

  That is, the welding method shown in Embodiment 1 is a welding method that repeats a short circuit state and an arc state. In such a welding method, when the welding current is increased in order to increase the welding speed, welding is performed in the globule transition region, and the repetition of the short circuit state and the arc state becomes irregular.

  Therefore, in the welding method shown in the first embodiment, a high-level current is output in the first arc period Ta1 of a certain period, and constant current control is performed in the first arc period Ta1, so that an alternating current, for example, a triangular wave, Alternatively, a low-frequency current having a constant amplitude and a constant frequency that periodically changes, such as a sine wave, is superimposed. This prevents the droplet from rising due to the arc reaction force and stabilizes the formation of the droplet.

  When the first arc period Ta1 elapses, the control of the welding power source is switched from constant current control to constant voltage control in order to perform arc length control in the second arc period Ta2. The inductance value of the reactor of the welding power source is made larger than the first arc period Ta1, and the welding current is gradually reduced. As a result, the change in the arc force becomes gentle, so that the molten pool is less vibrated. Further, since the welding current is gradually reduced, the heat input to the base material is sufficiently performed, and the familiarity of the toe portion of the bead is improved.

  In the first embodiment described above, in the short-circuit period Ts, the current is raised to a desired value while maintaining constant voltage control, or the current is raised to a desired value by switching to constant current control. Also good.

  FIG. 10 is an operation waveform diagram showing a welding current when welding is performed in a current region in which a short-circuit transition is performed in the welding apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  The meanings of the short-circuit period Ts, the initial first arc period Ta1, and the later second arc period Ta2 in FIG. 10 have been described with reference to FIG. 5, and therefore description thereof will not be repeated here. In FIG. 10, the set value Fr of the wire feed speed is, for example, 250 cm / min. At this time, the triangular wave amplitude indicated by the amplitude setting signal Wh is set to zero based on the function shown in the lower part of FIG. For this reason, when the waveform of FIG. 10 is seen compared with FIG. 5, the triangular wave is not superimposed in the 1st arc period Ta1 of the time t11-t12.

  As described above, in the short-circuit transition region where the influence of the rising force is small and the droplet transition is smooth, when the triangular wave is superimposed on the amplitude center current Ihc, the arc force becomes strong and a stable short-circuit transition state can be formed. It cannot be done and the bead appearance is damaged. Therefore, in the short circuit transition region, the welding current is controlled so as not to superimpose the triangular wave on the amplitude center current Ihc. For this reason, it is possible to form a bead that is more familiar in the low current region than when the triangular wave is uniformly superimposed on the high level base current for all set currents or wire feed speeds.

  FIG. 11 is an operation waveform diagram showing a welding current when welding is performed in a higher current region in the globule transition region by the welding apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  Since the meanings of the short-circuit period Ts, the initial first arc period Ta1, and the second arc period Ta2 in FIG. 11 have been described with reference to FIG. 5, description thereof will not be repeated here. In FIG. 11, the set value Fr of the wire feeding speed is, for example, 900 cm / min. The set current corresponding to this wire feed speed is about 280A. In the high current region of the globule transition region, if the welding device is controlled in the same way as the low current region of the globule transition region, the arc force becomes strong, the melting value is depressed, and the arc length is unstable. The droplet transfer becomes unstable and the bead appearance is impaired. Therefore, in the higher current region in the globule transition region, the triangular wave amplitude indicated by the amplitude setting signal Wh is set to a value closer to zero than the maximum amplitude IHA based on the function shown in the lower part of FIG. For this reason, when the waveform of FIG. 11 is compared with FIG. 5, the triangular wave with a small amplitude is superimposed in 1st arc period Ta1 of the time t21-t22. The amplitude IHA1 can be set to about 20A, for example.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the amplitude of the triangular wave superimposed on the high-level base current is set to zero in the current region that causes a short-circuit transition, and the amplitude of the triangular wave is increased as the set current becomes higher than 150 A. Then, the amplitude of the triangular wave becomes the maximum amplitude in the current region where the globules are shifted, and when the set current further increases, the amplitude of the triangular wave becomes zero at 300A. Thereby, the scattering of droplets is reduced both in the current region where the short circuit is transferred and in the current region where the globule is transferred, and welding with less spatter is possible.

  Also, in the low current region where the short circuit shifts, the number of short circuits is increased by reducing the inductance value in constant voltage control. By increasing the value of the inductance in the constant voltage control according to the increase in the amplitude of the triangular wave, it is possible to secure heat input to the base material and form a familiar bead.

[Embodiment 2]
In the second embodiment, in addition to the welding method described in the first embodiment, by detecting the constriction of the droplet before the arc is generated, the current is lowered before the arc is generated to reduce spatter.

  FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of welding apparatus 100A according to the second embodiment. In the following description, only parts different from the first embodiment will be described, and the same parts as those of the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

  Referring to FIG. 12, welding apparatus 100 </ b> A includes a power supply circuit 102 </ b> A, a power supply control apparatus 104 </ b> A, a wire feeding apparatus 106, and a welding torch 4. Since the configuration of wire feeder 106 is the same as that of the first embodiment, description thereof will not be repeated.

  The power supply circuit 102A includes a transistor TR and a current reducing resistor R in addition to the configuration of the welding apparatus 100 shown in FIG. Transistor TR is inserted in series with resistance value Rio and reactor DCL at the output of power supply main circuit PM. A current reducing resistor R is connected in parallel with the transistor TR. Since the structure of the other part of welding apparatus 100A is the same as that of welding apparatus 100, description thereof will not be repeated.

  Power supply control device 104A includes a constriction detection circuit ND, a constriction detection reference value setting circuit VTN, and a drive circuit DR in addition to the configuration of power supply control device 104 shown in FIG. Since the configuration of other parts of power supply control device 104A is similar to that of power supply control device 104, description thereof will not be repeated.

  FIG. 13 is an operation waveform diagram showing a welding voltage, a welding current, and a control signal when welding is performed by the welding apparatus according to the second embodiment. The set value Fr of the wire feeding speed at this time is, for example, 650 cm / min. At this time, the triangular wave amplitude indicated by the amplitude setting signal Wh is set to the maximum value IHA by the function shown in the lower part of FIG.

  Where the waveform in FIG. 13 is different from the waveform in the first embodiment in FIG. 5, the welding current is decreased when the constriction of the droplet is detected at time t50a, and then an arc is generated at time t51. This is the point.

  Since the amount of spatter is proportional to the magnitude of the current value when the arc is generated at time t51, the generation of spatter can be reduced by reducing the current value when the arc is generated.

  Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, squeezing detection reference value setting circuit VTN outputs a squeezing detection reference value signal Vtn. The squeezing detection circuit ND receives the squeezing detection reference value signal Vtn, the welding voltage detection signal Vd and the welding current detection signal Id described with reference to FIG. 1 as input signals, and the voltage increase value ΔV during the short-circuit period is a squeezing detection reference. It becomes high level when the value signal Vtn is reached (time t50a) and becomes low level when the arc is regenerated and the welding voltage detection signal Vd becomes equal to or greater than the arc discrimination value Vta (time t51). The necking detection signal Nd is output. Therefore, a period in which the squeezing detection signal Nd is at a high level is a squeezing detection period Tn.

  Note that the squeezing detection signal Nd may be changed to a high level when the differential value of the welding voltage detection signal Vd during the short circuit period reaches the value of the squeezing detection reference value signal Vtn set so as to correspond thereto. good. Further, the resistance value of the droplet is calculated by dividing the value of the welding voltage detection signal Vd by the value of the welding current detection signal Id, and the squeezing detection reference value signal set so that the differential value of the resistance value corresponds to this value. When the value Vtn is reached, the squeezing detection signal Nd may be changed to a high level. The constriction detection signal Nd is input to the power supply main circuit PM. The power supply main circuit PM stops output during the constriction detection period Tn.

  When the squeezing detection signal Nd is at a low level (when non-necking is detected), the driving circuit DR outputs a driving signal Dr that turns on the transistor TR. In the constriction detection period Tn, since the drive signal Dr is at a low level, the transistor TR is turned off. As a result, the current reducing resistor R is inserted into the energization path of the welding current Iw (path from the power supply main circuit PM to the welding torch 4). The value of the current reducing resistor R is set to a value (about 0.5 to 3Ω) that is 10 times or more larger than the short-circuit load (about 0.01 to 0.03Ω). For this reason, the energy accumulated in the DC reactor in the welding power source and the reactor of the cable is suddenly discharged, and the welding current Iw decreases rapidly as shown in time t50a to t51 in FIG. Become.

  When the short circuit is released and the arc is regenerated at time t51, the welding voltage Vw becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined arc determination value Vta. By detecting this, the squeezing detection signal Nd becomes low level, and the drive signal Dr becomes high level. As a result, the transistor TR is turned on, and thereafter the arc welding control described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG. 5 is performed. Since the subsequent first arc period Ta1 and second arc period Ta2 have been described with reference to FIG. 5, description thereof will not be repeated.

  FIG. 14 is an operation waveform diagram showing a welding current when welding is performed in a current region in which a short-circuit transition is performed in the welding apparatus according to the second embodiment.

  The meanings of the short-circuit period Ts, initial first arc period Ta1, and late second arc period Ta2 in FIG. 14 have been described with reference to FIG. 5, and therefore description thereof will not be repeated here. In FIG. 14, the set value Fr of the wire feed speed is, for example, 250 cm / min. At this time, the triangular wave amplitude indicated by the amplitude setting signal Wh is set to zero based on the function shown in the lower part of FIG. For this reason, when the waveform of FIG. 14 is seen compared with FIG. 13, the triangular wave is not superimposed in the 1st arc period Ta1 of the time t61-t62.

  As described above, in the short-circuit transition region where the influence of the rising force is small and the droplet transition is smooth, the welding current is controlled so that the triangular wave is not superimposed on the amplitude center current Ihc. For this reason, it is possible to form a bead that is more familiar in the low current region than when the triangular wave is uniformly superimposed on the high level base current for all set currents or wire feed speeds.

  FIG. 15 is an operation waveform diagram showing a welding current when welding is performed in a higher current region in the globule transition region by the welding apparatus according to the second embodiment.

  The meanings of the short-circuit period Ts, the initial first arc period Ta1, and the second arc period Ta2 in FIG. 15 have been described with reference to FIG. 5, and therefore description thereof will not be repeated here. In FIG. 15, the set value Fr of the wire feed speed is, for example, 900 cm / min. The set current corresponding to this wire feed speed is about 280A. At this time, based on the function shown in the lower part of FIG. 2, the triangular wave amplitude indicated by the amplitude setting signal Wh is set to a value closer to zero than the maximum amplitude IHA. For this reason, when the waveform of FIG. 15 is compared with FIG. 13, a triangular wave with a small amplitude is superimposed in the first arc period Ta1 at times t71 to t72. This amplitude can be set to about 20A, for example.

  Since the welding apparatus according to the second embodiment can reduce the current value at the time of arc re-occurrence (time t1), in addition to the effect exhibited by the welding apparatus described in the first embodiment, the arc Spattering at the start of generation can be further reduced.

  In the second embodiment, as a means for rapidly reducing the welding current Iw when the constriction is detected, the method of inserting the current reducing resistor R into the energizing path has been described. As another means, a capacitor is connected in parallel between the output terminals of the welding apparatus via a switching element, and when the constriction is detected, the switching element is turned on and a discharge current is supplied from the capacitor to rapidly reduce the welding current Iw. You may use the method of making it.

  Finally, Embodiments 1 and 2 will be summarized again with reference to FIGS. The welding apparatus 100 uses carbon dioxide gas as a shielding gas and performs welding by a carbon dioxide arc welding method in which a short circuit state and an arc state are alternately repeated. As shown in FIG. 1, welding apparatus 100 includes a power supply circuit 102 for applying a voltage between torch 4 and base material 2 and a power supply control device 104 for controlling the voltage of power supply circuit 102. As shown in FIG. 5, the power supply control device 104 outputs a high level current in the first arc period Ta1 in the initial arc period following the short-circuit period Ts, and outputs a constant voltage in the second arc period Ta2 in the latter period of the arc period. The power supply circuit 102 is controlled so that an arc current corresponding to the controlled welding voltage is output. Further, as shown at times t1 to t2 in FIG. 5, the power supply control device 104 generates a high level current by superimposing a waveform that increases or decreases in a predetermined cycle on the high level base current (amplitude center current Ihc). The power supply circuit 102 is controlled. Furthermore, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 2, the power supply control device 104 has a case where the current setting value of the welding current or the speed setting value of the speed at which the wire 1 is fed to the torch 4 is out of a predetermined range (range X2) When the current set value or the speed set value is within the predetermined range (range X2) as compared with the ranges X1 and X3), the amplitude of the waveform set by the amplitude setting signal Wh is increased.

  Preferably, the power supply circuit 102 is configured such that the inductance value Lio of the supply path for supplying current to the torch under control of the power supply control device 104 can be variably controlled, as shown in the upper part of FIG. When the current setting value or the speed setting value is smaller than the predetermined range (range X2) (for example, the range X1), the power supply control device 104 has a current setting value or speed setting value within the predetermined range (range X2). Rather, the inductance value of the power supply circuit in the second arc period Ta2 is reduced.

  Preferably, the waveform superimposed on the high-level base current is a triangular wave in FIG. 5 and the like, but a waveform such as a sine wave may be used.

  Preferably, as shown in the second embodiment (FIGS. 12 to 15), power supply control device 104 performs constriction detection control for reducing the short-circuit current when the constriction of the droplet is detected during the short-circuit period. .

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  1 welding wire, 2 base metal, 3 arc, 4 welding torch, 5 feeding roll, 6 droplet, 7 molten pool, 100, 100A welding device, 102, 102A power circuit, 104, 104A power control device, 106 wire feeding Feeder, AD arc detection circuit, DCL reactor, DR drive circuit, EI current error amplification circuit, ER output voltage setting circuit, FC feed control circuit, FH frequency setting circuit, FR feed speed setting circuit, ID current detection circuit, IHCR amplitude center current setting circuit, IR1 first welding current setting circuit, IR2 second welding current setting circuit, LR inductance setting circuit, ND constriction detection circuit, SW welding current setting switching circuit, TM timer circuit, TR transistor, VD voltage detection Circuit, VTN squeezing detection reference value setting circuit, WH amplitude setting circuit, WM Feed motor.

Claims (3)

A welding apparatus that uses carbon dioxide gas as a shielding gas and performs welding by a carbon dioxide arc welding method in which a short circuit state and an arc state are alternately repeated,
A power supply circuit for applying a voltage between the torch and the base material;
A control unit for controlling the voltage of the power supply circuit,
The control unit outputs an arc current corresponding to a welding voltage, in which a high level current is output in a first arc period in an initial period of an arc following a short circuit period, and constant voltage control is performed in a second arc period in the latter period of the arc period. Control the power supply circuit so that is output,
The control unit controls the power supply circuit so that the high level current is generated by superimposing a waveform increasing or decreasing at a predetermined cycle on a high level base current,
The control unit is configured so that the current set value or the speed set value is within the predetermined range as compared with a case where the current set value of the welding current or the speed set value of the speed at which the wire is fed to the torch is out of the predetermined range. If so, increase the amplitude of the waveform,
The power supply circuit is configured to be capable of variably controlling an inductance value of a supply path that supplies current to the torch under the control of the control unit,
When the current setting value or the speed setting value is smaller than the predetermined range, the control unit is configured to perform the second arc period when the current setting value or the speed setting value is within the predetermined range. A welding apparatus for reducing the inductance value of the power supply circuit . The welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waveform is a triangular wave or a sine wave. 3. The welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs constriction detection control for reducing a short-circuit current when a constriction of a droplet is detected during the short-circuit period.

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