JP5807302B2 - Power generator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the power generation equipment.

Effective utilization of natural energy is desired. Patent Document 1 discloses a strip-shaped wind receiving plate that bends and vibrates with a fixed end as a fulcrum when receiving wind, and a piezoelectric element that is fixed to the wind receiving plate and generates power by deformation accompanying bending vibration of the wind receiving plate. Are disclosed.

JP 2009-24583 A

  In the wind power generation unit shown in Patent Document 1, the piezoelectric elements are simply pasted on both sides of the wind receiving plate, and the power generation efficiency is not so high.

The present invention has been made in view of the above matters, and an object thereof is to provide a high power generation efficiency power generation equipment.

A power generation device according to a first aspect of the present invention includes:
A suspension body having a support body installed under the sea surface, and a plurality of plate-shaped power generation devices that are connected at one end to the support body and radially surround the periphery of the support body,
Receiving ocean energy acting on the power generation device to generate a deformed power,
It is characterized by that.

  The power generation device may be provided with an adjunct having a predetermined weight at an end not connected to the support.

  The mass per unit volume of the adduct may be lighter than the mass per unit volume of water.

A plurality of the hanging lotus are connected in the vertical direction,
In conjunction with the movement of any of the drooping lotus, the other drooping lotus moves, and the power generation device of the other drooping lotus may be deformed to generate power,

  The power generation device in which the plane faces the vertical direction and the power generation device in which the plane faces the horizontal direction may be coupled to the support.

The power generator according to the second aspect of the present invention is:
A floating body portion having a plurality of floating bodies floating in the sea, and a plate-shaped power generation device that generates power by connecting and deforming the floating bodies;
A suspension body having a support body installed under the sea surface, and a plurality of plate-shaped power generation devices that are connected at one end to the support body and radially surround the periphery of the support body,
The floating body and the hanging lotus are connected via a support member,
The floating body power generation device receives ocean energy, deforms following the change in relative height between the floating bodies connected to the floating body power generation device, and generates power,
The drooping lotus power generation device receives ocean energy acting on the drooping lotus power generation device and deforms to generate power,
It is characterized by that.

The power generator is
A rectifier circuit for making the direction of the output current of the power generation device a constant direction,
A plurality of the power generation devices may be connected in parallel so that the rectified current directions coincide.

It is possible to provide a high power generation efficiency power generation equipment.

1 is a perspective view of a power generator according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the floating-body part with which an electric power generating apparatus is provided. It is a figure for demonstrating the power generation device installed in a power generation apparatus, (A) is an exploded perspective view of a power generation device, (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generation device, (C) is when a power generation device deform | transforms. It is a partial cross section. It is a figure for demonstrating the drooping part with which an electric power generating apparatus is provided, (A) is one perspective view of the drooping lot with which a drooping part is equipped, (B) is sectional drawing of a drooping part. It is a figure for demonstrating the internal structure of the electrical storage apparatus with which an electric power generating apparatus is provided. It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the rectifier circuit with which an electrical storage apparatus is provided. It is a figure which shows a mode that a power generation device deform | transforms, (A) is a figure which shows a mode that a power generation device deform | transforms in conjunction with the up-and-down and right-and-left movement of a floating body, (B) It is a figure which shows a mode that it does. It is a figure which shows a mode that the addition object was installed in the end of the electric power generation device. It is a figure which shows a mode that four piezoelectric films were installed in the electric power generation device. It is a perspective view of the electric power generating apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the model used in Example 1, (A) is a perspective view of a model, (B) is a side view of the model of "Floating Type", (C) is the side of the model of "Submerged Type" FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the two-dimensional wave water tank used in Example 1. FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the measurement result of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the measurement conditions of Example 2, (A) is a figure for demonstrating the addition thing added to the electric power generation device, (B) demonstrates the two-dimensional wave-forming water tank used for the measurement. It is a figure for doing. Is a diagram for explaining the measurement results of Example 2, (A) is a diagram showing the relationship between the specific gravity and the power generation amount of the adduct, (B) the relationship between specific gravity and C _f adduct FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the measurement conditions and measurement result of Example 3, (A) is the figure which showed four types of electric power generation devices used for a measurement, (B) is the length of a piezoelectric film, and electric power generation amount. FIG.

(Embodiment 1)
The power generator according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to the drawings.
The power generation device 100 is a marine energy power generation device that collects ocean energy (fluid energy such as waves, tidal currents, vortices, and breaking waves) and generates power. As shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. And the power storage device 400.

  The floating body 200 is a portion that floats on the sea surface of the power generation apparatus 100, and includes a floating body 210, a power generation device 500, and a wiring cable 220.

  The floating body 210 is composed of a floating body such as a hollow tank or a foamed polystyrene that floats on the sea surface. As shown in FIG. 1, the ten floating bodies 210 are arranged in an equilateral triangle. Moreover, the floating body 210 is connected by the power generation device 500 under the sea surface as shown in FIG.

  The power generation device 500 is a power generation plate that generates power by being deformed, and includes three elastic plates 510 and two piezoelectric films 520 sandwiched between the elastic plates 510 as shown in FIG. Is done. Note that the power generation device 500 is installed with its plane facing in the vertical direction.

  The elastic plate 510 is made of, for example, a plate-like flexible elastic material that is easily bent and elastic, such as silicon rubber, natural rubber, and synthetic rubber.

  The piezoelectric film 520 is composed of a film-like piezoelectric element in which electrode films are formed on both surfaces of a piezoelectric sheet composed of a piezoelectric material such as PVDF (PolyVinylidene DiFluoride), as shown in FIG. When stretched, the upper surface potential becomes higher (upper surface is + pole, lower surface is -pole), and when contracted, the lower surface potential becomes higher (upper surface is -pole, lower surface is + pole). Yes. Further, wiring 531 and wiring 532 are connected to both surfaces of the piezoelectric film 520, respectively, so that charges generated by polarization are output to the outside through the wiring. Note that the length of the piezoelectric film 520 in the longitudinal direction is about 75% of the length of the elastic plate 510 in the longitudinal direction.

  The wiring cable 220 is formed by bundling the wiring 531 and the wiring 532 and covering them with a resin such as vinyl, and is connected to the power storage device 400 through the side of the power generation device 500.

  The drooping portion 300 is a portion that sinks below the sea surface of the power generation apparatus 100, and includes a drooping lotus 310, a connection cable (or frame) 320, and a wiring cable 330 as shown in FIG. 4.

  The drooping lotus 310 is a power generation module that collects ocean energy (waves, tidal currents, vortex energy, etc.) in the sea and generates power, and as shown in FIG. 4A, a support 311, a plurality of power generation devices 500, Consists of

  The support 311 is a hexagonal ring made of iron, aluminum, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics), and the like, and one end of the power generation device 500 is connected to each side of the hexagon. Note that horizontal plates and vertical plates are alternately connected to the support 311. Here, the “horizontal plate” is a power generation device 500 whose plane is oriented in the vertical direction, and the “vertical plate” is a power generation device 500 whose plane is oriented in the horizontal direction.

  The connection cable (or frame) 320 is a support member (for example, a cable such as a chain or a wire, or a frame or bar made of iron, aluminum, FRP, or the like) for connecting the hanging lotus 310 under the sea surface. Yes, as shown in FIG. 4B, three hanging lotus 310 are connected in the vertical direction. The connecting cable (or frame) 320 is connected to each hexagonal corner of the hanging lotus 310 so that the hanging lotus 310 does not rotate in the sea. Moreover, the upper end of the connection cable (or frame) 320 is connected to, for example, the bottom of the floating body 210, and connects the floating body portion 200 and the drooping portion 300.

  The wiring cable 330 is a bundle of the wiring 531 and the wiring 532 coming out of the power generation device 500, and is connected to the wiring cable 220 through the side of the connection cable 320. The wiring 531 and the wiring 532 pass through the wiring cable 330 and the wiring cable 220 and are finally connected to the power storage device 400.

  The power storage device 400 is a device for storing charges output from the plurality of power generation devices 500, and includes a rectifier circuit 410 and a power storage medium 420 as shown in FIG.

  The rectifier circuit 410 includes a diode bridge circuit as shown in FIG. The rectifier circuit 410 has a pair of input terminals, and the input terminals are connected to the wiring 531 and the wiring 532, respectively. The rectifier circuit 410 has a pair of output terminals composed of a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The positive terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the power storage medium 420 and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the power storage medium 420. ing.

  The power storage medium 420 includes a large-capacity capacitor, a secondary battery, and the like, and stores the charge transmitted from the power generation device 500.

  Next, the power generation operation of the power generation apparatus 100 having such a configuration will be described.

  As described above, the floating body portion 200 of the power generation apparatus 100 includes the plurality of floating bodies 210 that float on the sea surface. When the seawater moves due to waves, breaking waves, etc., the floating body 210 moves vertically and horizontally in conjunction with the movement of the seawater. The power generation device 500 is connected to the floating body 210, and the power generation device 500 is deformed as shown in FIG. Then, the piezoelectric film 520 inside the power generation device 500 is polarized and generates charges on both sides.

  Further, the power generation device 500 is connected to the floating body 210 with the plane facing the surface of the sea below the sea level. Therefore, the power generation device 500 is directly deformed as shown in FIG. 7B by directly receiving the movement of seawater due to waves, breaking waves, etc. under the sea surface. Then, the piezoelectric film 520 is polarized and generates charges on both sides.

  In addition, the power generation apparatus 100 includes a drooping portion 300 installed below the sea surface, and the drooping portion 300 includes a plurality of drooping lotions 310. The drooping lotus 310 includes a plurality of power generation devices 500 whose one ends are connected to a support 311. When an ocean current or a vortex is generated under the sea surface, the power generation device 500 vibrates using a connection portion with the support 311 as a fulcrum. Then, the piezoelectric film 520 inside the power generation device 500 is polarized and generates charges on both sides.

  Further, the movement of seawater due to waves is less likely to occur as the depth increases, but since the drooping lotus 310 is connected to another drooping lotus 310 by a connecting cable (or frame) 320, the drooping lotus 310 connected deeply below the sea level. Even if there is no movement of seawater in the surroundings, it moves up and down and left and right in conjunction with the movement of other drooping lotus 310 (particularly drooping lotus 310 near the sea surface). If it does so, the electric power generation device 500 will receive the resistance of the surrounding seawater, and will vibrate, As a result, the piezoelectric film 520 will polarize and will generate an electric charge on both surfaces.

  The charge generated in the piezoelectric film 520 is transmitted to the power storage device 400 through the wiring 531 and the wiring 532. Since the plurality of power generation devices 500 vibrate with different periods / phases, the periods / phases of the generated charges vary from one power generation device 500 to another. For this reason, if the wirings are simply connected, the currents of the wirings cancel each other and power cannot be stored efficiently.

  However, since the power storage device 400 includes a rectifier circuit 410 as shown in FIG. 5, the current transmitted through the wiring is converted in a certain direction by the rectifier circuit 410, and as a result, Can store power efficiently.

  In addition, each rectifier circuit 410 is connected in parallel to the power storage medium 420 so that the polarities match. Since the power generation device 500 is considered as a current source, by connecting them in parallel to the power storage medium 420 via the rectifier circuit 410, the current output from each power generation device 500 is added, and as a result, the power storage device 400 has A lot of electric power is stored.

  According to the present embodiment, the power generation apparatus 100 can recover and generate ocean energy having a wide range of kinetic energy. For example, since the power generation apparatus 100 includes the power generation device 500 connected to the floating body 210, it is possible to recover the energy of vertical movement of the sea surface due to waves, breaking waves, and the like. In addition, since the power generation device 500 is installed below the sea surface with the plane facing in the vertical direction, the power generation apparatus 100 can directly recover the energy of the vertical movement of seawater near the sea surface. Moreover, since the electric power generating apparatus 100 has the drooping lotus 310 connected in the vertical direction, it is possible to collect marine energy at various depths. Moreover, since the horizontal lot and the vertical plate are alternately installed in a radial pattern on the drooping lotus 310, the power generation apparatus 100 can capture the movement of seawater in all directions below the sea surface.

  In addition, since the power generation device 100 is only floating on the sea surface, it is possible to minimize the influence on the marine environment (flow, sunlight shielding effect, marine ecosystem).

  In addition, the power generation apparatus 100 can reduce the wave in the surrounding sea area (that is, cancel the wave) by recovering the ocean energy. If a structure (for example, an offshore wind power generation facility) installed in the ocean is surrounded by the power generation apparatus 100, destruction of the structure due to waves can be suppressed.

  In addition, the power generation device 500 of the drooping lotus 310 may be provided with an additional object 540 such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a sphere as shown in FIG. 8, for example, at one end on the side not connected to the support 311. The specific gravity of the adduct 540 may be different from the specific gravity of water (that is, “1”). For example, the specific gravity of the adduct 540 may be 0.01 to 0.99, or 1.01 or more. The power generation device 500 is greatly shaken, and more efficient power generation is possible.

Further, the shape of the support 311 of the drooping lotus 310 is not limited to a hexagon. For example, it may be a circle or a polygon such as a quadrangle or an octagon. In this case, it is desirable that the shape of the support 311 is an even-numbered square such as a quadrangle, octagon, or decagon so that the vertical plates are evenly arranged. The rotation of the drooping lotus 310 in the sea and the movement (roll, pitch, heave movement, etc.) of the power generation apparatus 100 can be suppressed.

  Further, the number of the hanging lotus 310 connected in the vertical direction is not limited to three. There may be three or more, or one or two in the case of a shallow sea.

  The number of piezoelectric films 520 installed in the power generation device 500 is not limited to two. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, four piezoelectric films 520 may be sandwiched between five elastic plates 510, or a larger number of piezoelectric films 520 may be sandwiched. By installing many piezoelectric films 520, more efficient power generation becomes possible.

  Further, the elastic plate 510 at the center of the power generation device 500 may be thicker than the other elastic plates 510 as shown in FIG. Since the expansion / contraction difference of the piezoelectric film 520 becomes large, more efficient power generation becomes possible.

  Further, the orientation of the plane of the power generation device 500 is not limited to the vertical direction or the vertical direction. You may face in various directions, such as 45 degrees diagonally and 30 degrees diagonally. Ocean energy can be recovered from all directions.

  Further, the floating body 200 may have a submerged function. For example, each floating body 210 is provided with a water inlet / outlet (not shown) for pouring and discharging seawater, and a pump (not shown) for taking in / out the seawater from the water inlet / outlet. Like a ballast tank, you may enable it to change buoyancy freely. In the event of abnormal waves such as typhoons, tsunamis, storm surges, and Freak Waves, by destroying the power generation apparatus 100 due to abnormal weather by injecting seawater into the floating body 210 and submerging it.

  Further, the power generation device 100 may have a connection function for connecting to another power generation device 100. For example, a ring for passing a cable is installed in the floating body 210, and the power generation apparatus 100 is connected to another power generation apparatus 100 using the cable. It will be possible to design and customize reasonably freely according to the ocean conditions, installation conditions, power generation performance, etc.

  Moreover, you may implement | achieve hybridization with another electric power generation system using the wave-dissipating function of the electric power generating apparatus 100. FIG. For example, a wind turbine for wind power generation installed on the ocean may be surrounded by the power generation device 100, or a panel for solar power generation installed on the ocean may be surrounded by the power generation device 100.

(Embodiment 2)
Since the power generation apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment floats on the sea surface, it is difficult to recover marine energy near the seabed or the coastline. Hereinafter, the power generation apparatus 600 capable of recovering marine energy near the seabed or the coastline will be described.

  The power generation device 600 is a power generation unit installed near the seabed or the coastline, and includes a frame 610, a power generation device 500, a wiring cable 220, and a power storage device 400 as shown in FIG. In addition, since the structure of the electric power generation device 500 and the electrical storage apparatus 400 is the same as that of Embodiment 1, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The frame 610 is made of iron, aluminum, FRP, or the like, and has a shape in which a horizontal bar is installed in the middle of two bars. One end of the power generation device 500 in the longitudinal direction is connected to each horizontal bar of the frame 610. The frame 610 is installed on the seabed with the power generation device 500 protruding side up.

  The wiring cable 220 is a bundle of the wiring 531 and the wiring 532 coming out of the power generation device 500, and is connected to the power storage device 400 through the side of the frame 610.

  When a wave acts on the power generation apparatus 600 installed under the water surface, the power generation device 500 vibrates greatly from side to side due to the periodic lateral movement of seawater. As a result, the piezoelectric film 520 is polarized to generate charges on both sides. . Further, when an ocean current is generated near the seabed, the leading power generation device 500 facing the ocean current generates a so-called Karman vortex behind. The power generation device 500 behind vibrates greatly with the movement of the vortex, and as a result, the piezoelectric film 520 is polarized to generate charges on both sides. The generated charge is transmitted to the power storage device 400 through the wiring 531 and the wiring 532 and accumulated in the power storage medium 420 through the rectifier circuit 410.

  According to this embodiment, marine energy near the seabed or coastline can be efficiently recovered.

  The relationship between the installation position of the power generation device and the amount of power generation was verified. We also examined the relationship between the size of the power generation device and the amount of power generation. For the verification, a model in which one floating device (“Float” shown in FIG. 11) and one power generation device (“FPED” shown in FIG. 11) are connected as shown in FIG. 11A was used.

  First, five types of power generation devices that satisfy the following conditions were prepared. In addition, the following numerical values are based on the wavelength λ of a wave generated in a two-dimensional wave-making water tank described later.

Length L / λ of power generation device (FPED): 0.1 to 0.5 Width of piezoelectric film (PVDF) B / λ: 0.09
Distance between piezoelectric films (PVDF) δ / λ: 0.005

  Using this power generation device, a “Floating Type” model and a “Submerged Type” model were produced. As shown in FIG. 11 (B), “Floating Type” is a type in which a power generation device is installed on the lower side of a floating body, and “Submerged Type” is a type of floating body as shown in FIG. 11 (C). This is a type with a power generation device installed on the upper side.

  For the generation of waves, a two-dimensional wave-making water tank as shown in FIG. 12 was used. The wave generated in this two-dimensional wave tank is a wave under the following conditions.

Period: 0.8s
Wavelength λ: 1.0 m
Wave height H / λ: 0.077

  Using a two-dimensional wave water tank, the power generation amount was measured for each of “Floating Type” and “Submerged Type”. FIG. 13 is a graph showing the results. From this graph, it can be seen that the power generation amount of “Floating Type” is more than twice the power generation amount of “Submerged Type”. It can also be seen that the amount of power generation is maximized at L / λ = 0.4.

  The relationship between the specific gravity of the adduct and the amount of power generation was verified. In addition, the relationship between the natural frequency and the excitation frequency was verified.

  First, five types of power generation devices (“elastic piezoelectric device” shown in FIG. 14A) satisfying the following conditions were prepared.

Length L of power generation device (FPED): 340mm
Width B of piezoelectric film (PVDF): 100 mm
Distance between piezoelectric films (PVDF) δ: 5 mm

  Next, five types of adducts having different specific gravities (“cube type adduct” shown in FIG. 14A) were prepared. The adduct is a cube with a side of 100 mm, and the specific gravity is five types from 0.8 to 1.2.

This adduct was installed at one end of the power generation device, and the other end was fixed to a vibration generator (“Vibration generator” shown in FIG. 14B) as shown in FIG. And the electric power generation device was vibrated in the water tank. The result obtained at that time is the graph of FIG. FIG. 15A is a graph showing the relationship between the specific gravity of the adduct and the amount of power generation, and FIG. 15B is a graph showing the relationship between the specific gravity of the adduct and C _f . Here, C _f is a dimensionless number indicating how close the natural frequency of the FPED is to the wave frequency, and is defined by the following (Equation 1).

  From the graph of FIG. 15A, it can be seen that the amount of power generation can be controlled by the specific gravity of the additive. In addition, when the specific gravity (“1”) is the same as the specific gravity of water, the power generation amount is the smallest, and when the specific gravity is smaller than or larger than the specific gravity of water, the power generation amount is larger in the smaller case. .

Further, from the graph of FIG. 15 (B), the power generation amount is proportional to _{C f.} From this, it can be seen that the power generation amount can be manipulated by adjusting the natural frequency of the power generation device based on the specific gravity of the additive.

  The relationship between the length of the piezoelectric film (PVDF) and the power generation amount was verified.

  First, as shown in FIG. 16A, four types of power generation devices having different piezoelectric film (PVDF) lengths were prepared. The length l of the piezoelectric film is four types of l / L = 1.0, 0.75, 0.50, and 0.25 with reference to the length L of the power generation device.

  These four types of power generation devices were each vibrated in a water tank, and the amount of power generation was measured. FIG. 16B is a graph showing the results. From this graph, it can be seen that the PVDF length used for the power generation device needs to be at least 1 / L = 0.75 or more.

  It can be used in various power generation systems that use ocean energy such as waves, tidal currents, vortices, and breaking waves.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Electric power generating apparatus 200 Floating body part 210 Floating body 220,330 Wiring cable 300 Hanging part 310 Hanging lotus 311 Support body 320 Connection cable 400 Electric power storage apparatus 410 Rectification circuit 420 Electric power storage medium 500 Electric power generation device 510 Elastic board 520 Piezoelectric film 531 532 Wiring 540 Addition 600 generator 610 frame

Claims (7)

A suspension body having a support body installed under the sea surface, and a plurality of plate-shaped power generation devices that are connected at one end to the support body and radially surround the periphery of the support body,
Receiving ocean energy acting on the power generation device to generate a deformed power,
A power generator characterized by that. The power generation device is provided with an adjunct having a predetermined weight at an end not connected to the support.
The power generator according to claim 1 . The mass per unit volume of the adduct is lighter than the mass per unit volume of water,
The power generator according to claim 2 . A plurality of the hanging lotus are connected in the vertical direction,
The other drooping lotus moves in conjunction with the movement of any of the drooping lotus, and the power generation device of the other drooping lot is deformed to generate power.
The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . The power generation device whose plane faces the vertical direction and the power generation device whose plane faces the horizontal direction are connected to the support,
The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the power generator is provided. A floating body portion having a plurality of floating bodies floating in the sea, and a plate-shaped power generation device that generates power by connecting and deforming the floating bodies;
A suspension body having a support body installed under the sea surface, and a plurality of plate-shaped power generation devices that are connected at one end to the support body and radially surround the periphery of the support body,
The floating body and the hanging lotus are connected via a support member,
The floating body power generation device receives ocean energy, deforms following the change in relative height between the floating bodies connected to the floating body power generation device, and generates power,
The drooping lotus power generation device receives ocean energy acting on the drooping lotus power generation device and deforms to generate power,
A power generator characterized by that. A rectifier circuit for making the direction of the output current of the power generation device a constant direction,
A plurality of the power generation devices are connected in parallel so that the rectified current directions match.
The power generator according to claim 6 .