JP5766112B2 - 燃料中の含酸素化合物の割合の決定による熱機関の動作の最適化方法 - Google Patents
燃料中の含酸素化合物の割合の決定による熱機関の動作の最適化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5766112B2 JP5766112B2 JP2011505558A JP2011505558A JP5766112B2 JP 5766112 B2 JP5766112 B2 JP 5766112B2 JP 2011505558 A JP2011505558 A JP 2011505558A JP 2011505558 A JP2011505558 A JP 2011505558A JP 5766112 B2 JP5766112 B2 JP 5766112B2
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- biofuel
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- alcohol
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- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006417 CH Chemical group [H]C* 0.000 description 1
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
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- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 description 1
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004001 molecular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2409—Addressing techniques specially adapted therefor
- F02D41/2422—Selective use of one or more tables
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0626—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
- F02D19/0628—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
- F02D19/084—Blends of gasoline and alcohols, e.g. E85
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
- F02D19/085—Control based on the fuel type or composition
- F02D19/087—Control based on the fuel type or composition with determination of densities, viscosities, composition, concentration or mixture ratios of fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/0227—Control aspects; Arrangement of sensors; Diagnostics; Actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/0228—Adding fuel and water emulsion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3577—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0623—Failure diagnosis or prevention; Safety measures; Testing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0611—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0802314A FR2930598B1 (fr) | 2008-04-24 | 2008-04-24 | Procede d'optimisation du fonctionnement d'un moteur thermique par determination de la proportion des composes oxygenes dans le carburant |
| FR0802314 | 2008-04-24 | ||
| PCT/FR2009/000476 WO2009138585A1 (fr) | 2008-04-24 | 2009-04-21 | Procede d'optimisation du fonctionnement d'un moteur thermique par determination de la proportion des composes oxygenes dans le carburant |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014077938A Division JP2014141972A (ja) | 2008-04-24 | 2014-04-04 | 燃料中の含酸素化合物の割合の決定による熱機関の動作の最適化方法 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2011518984A JP2011518984A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
| JP2011518984A5 JP2011518984A5 (fr) | 2012-06-14 |
| JP5766112B2 true JP5766112B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
Family
ID=40120085
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011505558A Expired - Fee Related JP5766112B2 (ja) | 2008-04-24 | 2009-04-21 | 燃料中の含酸素化合物の割合の決定による熱機関の動作の最適化方法 |
| JP2014077938A Withdrawn JP2014141972A (ja) | 2008-04-24 | 2014-04-04 | 燃料中の含酸素化合物の割合の決定による熱機関の動作の最適化方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014077938A Withdrawn JP2014141972A (ja) | 2008-04-24 | 2014-04-04 | 燃料中の含酸素化合物の割合の決定による熱機関の動作の最適化方法 |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9234477B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2326817B1 (fr) |
| JP (2) | JP5766112B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR101559509B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN102066724B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2009247943B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0907353A2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2722239A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2930598B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX342411B (fr) |
| MY (1) | MY157466A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009138585A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5360999B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-20 | 2013-12-04 | 日野自動車株式会社 | バイオ燃料特定装置及び制御装置 |
| JP5461322B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-25 | 2014-04-02 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 燃料油の分析方法 |
| US20120223515A1 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-06 | Honeywell International Inc. | Detecting ethanol and water concentrations in fuel |
| DE102011083909A1 (de) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Deere & Company | Regenerationsverfahren für einenabgasstromdurchsetzten Rußpartikelfilter |
| ITMI20111908A1 (it) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-22 | Eni Spa | Metodo per predire le proprieta' dei greggi mediante l'applicazione delle reti neurali |
| WO2013130571A1 (fr) * | 2012-02-28 | 2013-09-06 | Cummins Inc. | Système de contrôle pour la détermination d'une teneur en biocarburant |
| DE102012221507B3 (de) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-11-21 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Modellierung der Ölverdünnung mit Hilfe eines Mehrkomponentenmodells |
| KR101961957B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-24 | 2019-03-25 | 두산인프라코어 주식회사 | 바이오디젤 함유량에 따른 디젤 엔진 제어 장치 및 방법 |
| US20150377161A1 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-12-31 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for engine control incorporating fuel properties |
| FI20176201A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-06-30 | Neste Oyj | A method for determining the amount of renewable fuel in a fuel mixture. |
| KR102053363B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-12-06 | 현대오트론 주식회사 | Ffv 차량의 에탄올 센서의 타당성 진단방법 및 이를 통해 운용되는 ffv 차량 |
| JP7285716B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-23 | 2023-06-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 分光分析方法及び分光分析装置 |
| CN114215639B (zh) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-03-17 | 江西新节氢能源科技有限公司 | 一种氢燃料发动机结构 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2542092B1 (fr) * | 1983-03-03 | 1986-02-28 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede et dispositif pour determiner la composition d'un melange alcool-essence, adaptes au reglage automatique de moteurs alimentes en melanges combustibles de teneur en alcool variable |
| US5121986A (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1992-06-16 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method and apparatus for determining composition of fuel mixtures |
| AU3665393A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1993-12-30 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | An improved indirect method for determining oxygenate content using near-infrared absorption spectra |
| MY108958A (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1996-11-30 | Shell Int Research | An apparatus for fuel quality monitoring |
| AT406711B (de) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-08-25 | Joanneum Research Forschungsge | Verfahren zur spektroskopischen bestimmung der konzentration von alkoholen mit 1 bis 5 kohlenstoffatomen |
| US6612269B2 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2003-09-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Apparatus and method for operating internal combustion engines from variable mixtures of gaseous fuels |
| FR2883602B1 (fr) * | 2005-03-22 | 2010-04-16 | Alain Lunati | Procede d'optimisation des parametres de fonctionnement d'un moteur a combustion |
| US7404411B2 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2008-07-29 | Marathon Ashland Petroleum Llc | Method and apparatus for analysis of relative levels of biodiesel in fuels by near-infrared spectroscopy |
| FR2888323B1 (fr) * | 2005-07-05 | 2008-07-18 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Procede d'evaluation d'un melange de produits petroliers et de biocarburants |
| US7155334B1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2006-12-26 | Honeywell International Inc. | Use of sensors in a state observer for a diesel engine |
| JP4915781B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2012-04-11 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 作業機械の燃料性状検出装置 |
| FR2904951B1 (fr) * | 2006-08-21 | 2009-03-06 | Sp3H Soc Par Actions Simplifie | Procede de mise en securite des organes du groupe motropropulseur d'un vehicule a la suite d'une degradation du carburant. |
| FR2916019B1 (fr) * | 2007-05-07 | 2014-06-27 | Sp3H | Procede de reglage des parametres d'injection, de combustion et/ou de post-traitement d'un moteur a combustion interne a auto-allumage. |
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2008
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- 2009-04-21 EP EP09745904.4A patent/EP2326817B1/fr active Active
- 2009-04-21 US US12/989,308 patent/US9234477B2/en active Active
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- 2009-04-21 WO PCT/FR2009/000476 patent/WO2009138585A1/fr active Application Filing
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2930598A1 (fr) | 2009-10-30 |
| FR2930598B1 (fr) | 2012-01-27 |
| EP2326817B1 (fr) | 2016-10-12 |
| KR20110015570A (ko) | 2011-02-16 |
| JP2014141972A (ja) | 2014-08-07 |
| US20120226425A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
| KR101559509B1 (ko) | 2015-10-12 |
| EP2326817A1 (fr) | 2011-06-01 |
| MY157466A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
| BRPI0907353A2 (pt) | 2015-07-28 |
| AU2009247943A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
| US9234477B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 |
| AU2009247943B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
| CA2722239A1 (fr) | 2009-11-19 |
| WO2009138585A1 (fr) | 2009-11-19 |
| JP2011518984A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
| MX2010011655A (es) | 2010-12-20 |
| CN102066724A (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
| MX342411B (es) | 2016-09-28 |
| CN102066724B (zh) | 2015-10-14 |
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