JP5739429B2 - オフガス流直接接触型凝縮器 - Google Patents
オフガス流直接接触型凝縮器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5739429B2 JP5739429B2 JP2012529959A JP2012529959A JP5739429B2 JP 5739429 B2 JP5739429 B2 JP 5739429B2 JP 2012529959 A JP2012529959 A JP 2012529959A JP 2012529959 A JP2012529959 A JP 2012529959A JP 5739429 B2 JP5739429 B2 JP 5739429B2
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- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- VEFXTGTZJOWDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=CC=CC=C1 VEFXTGTZJOWDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- HYFLWBNQFMXCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1C HYFLWBNQFMXCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMXIYERNXPIYFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC)=CC=CC2=C1 ZMXIYERNXPIYFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N [(e)-prop-1-enyl]benzene Chemical compound C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RJTJVVYSTUQWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-ethyl naphthalene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC(CC)=CC=C21 RJTJVVYSTUQWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017858 demethylation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002618 waking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
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- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
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- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
- C07C5/333—Catalytic processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/0655—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B3/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour comes into direct contact with the cooling medium
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- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/04—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid
- F28B9/06—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid with provision for re-cooling the cooling water or other cooling liquid
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- C01B2203/0495—Composition of the impurity the impurity being water
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Description
可能性のある化合物を除去する目的で、直接接触型凝縮器をオフガス流の中に前記圧縮器の上流に位置させて用いることを伴う。
内で起こさせることを包含する。その取り出したオフガス流には前記反応槽から生じた水素が入っている。冷却用媒体を循環させかつ前記オフガス流を前記冷却用媒体と接触させる能力を有する直接接触型凝縮器を用いて前記オフガス流を冷却しかつ前記オフガス流から有機化合物および水蒸気を凝縮させることができる。有機化合物および水蒸気の含有量が低下した冷オフガス流を前記直接接触型凝縮器から取り出す。
液体は前記バッフル4の開口部から最初に下方に流れた後、KOドラム1の下部を横切る横方向に流れることで、軽い方の芳香族液が重い方の水から重力で分離される。その分離された芳香族液および水の流量と凝縮したオフガス流のそれは実質的に等しく、それらはあふれ管5を通って導かれる。それらは前記凝縮器からライン14を通って出た後、主スチレン工程分離器(示していない)に戻る。その循環する冷却用水をKOドラム1からライン13に通して出させた後、冷蔵装置2に戻してもよい。
ように供給することを含めてもよい。脱水素反応を少なくとも300℃、場合により少なくとも350℃、場合により少なくとも400℃、場合により少なくとも450℃、場合により少なくとも500℃の温度で起こさせてもよい。脱水素反応を適切な如何なる圧力で起こさせてもよく、例えば大気圧以上の圧力から大気圧以下の圧力で起こさせてもよい。いくつかの態様では、反応を2から30psia、場合により5から20psiaで実施してもよい。
。
Claims (24)
- 脱水素反応装置であって、
アルキル芳香族化合物に脱水素を受けさせてビニル芳香族化合物を生成する能力を有する脱水素反応槽、
前記脱水素反応槽から蒸気をオフガス流によって取り出しかつ前記脱水素反応槽内の圧力を維持する能力を有するオフガス圧縮器、
前記脱水素反応槽と前記オフガス圧縮器の間に位置する直接接触型凝縮器、
を含有して成っていて、前記直接接触型凝縮器は前記オフガス流が前記直接接触型凝縮器から前記オフガス圧縮器に入る前に前記オフガス流を急冷流と接触させる能力を有しており、前記直接接触型凝縮器がサクションノックアウトドラムの中に設置されていてコレクターバッフルおよび出口ラインを含んでおり、急冷流とオフガス流とが接触してオフガス流が冷却されることによって、オフガス流内の芳香族化合物および水蒸気の凝縮、コレクターバッフルでの芳香族化合物液体および水の捕集、分離された芳香族化合物液体および水の出口ラインを経ての排出、および、サクションノックアウトドラムの上部からの非凝縮性蒸気の排出が可能となり、そして、オフガス圧縮器がサクションノックアウトドラムからの非凝縮性蒸気を受け取る、ことを特徴とする反応装置。 - 前記直接接触型凝縮器が、分離された芳香族化合物液体をコレクターバッフルから出口ラインへ導くためのあふれ管、および、急冷用充填材を更に含んで成る請求項1記載の反応装置。
- エチルベンゼンに脱水素を受けさせてスチレンを生じさせる目的で使用される請求項1記載の反応装置。
- 水蒸気、スチレンおよび非重合性有機化合物の大部分が前記直接接触型凝縮器によって凝縮されてオフガス流から取り出される請求項1記載の反応装置。
- 前記急冷流が冷水を含有して成る請求項1記載の反応装置。
- 冷却用水を直接接触型凝縮器に入れることができる直接接触型凝縮器への冷却用水入口ライン、冷却用水を直接接触型凝縮器から出すことができる直接接触型凝縮器からの冷却用水出口ライン、および、冷却用水出口ラインおよび冷却用水入口ラインと接続された冷
蔵装置を更に含んで成る請求項5記載の反応装置。 - 前記直接接触型凝縮器が1またはそれよりも多い理論的分離段階を有する請求項1記載の反応装置。
- 前記直接接触型凝縮器がジェット、スプレーまたは気圧凝縮器である請求項1記載の反応装置。
- 炭化水素の脱水素方法であって、
アルキル芳香族化合物から成る炭化水素原料と脱水素用触媒の接触を前記アルキル芳香族化合物の少なくとも一部が脱水素を脱水素反応中に受けるに有効な反応条件下の反応槽内で起こさせてビニル芳香族化合物を生成させ、
水素を含有して成るオフガス流を前記反応槽から取り出し、
冷却用媒体を循環させかつ前記オフガス流を前記冷却用媒体と接触させる能力を有する直接接触型凝縮器を準備しておき、ただし前記直接接触型凝縮器はサクションノックアウトドラムの中に設置されていてコレクターバッフルおよび出口ラインを含んでいる、
前記オフガス流の冷却を前記オフガス流から芳香族化合物および蒸気を凝縮させる能力を有する前記直接接触型凝縮器内で起こさせ、
前記冷却用媒体と接触する前のオフガス流に比べて凝縮性化合物の含有量が低下した冷オフガス流を前記直接接触型凝縮器から取り出し、
コレクターバッフルで芳香族化合物液体および水を捕集し、分離された芳香族化合物液体および水をコレクターバッフルから出口ラインを経て流し出し、そして
直接接触型凝縮器からの冷オフガス流を反応槽内の圧力を維持する能力を有するオフガス圧縮器へ送り、オフガス圧縮器で冷オフガス流を圧縮する、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 更に、
水蒸気を前記脱水素反応に水蒸気と炭化水素のモル比が少なくとも4:1になるように供給し、そして
前記反応槽を少なくとも300℃の温度で機能させる、
ことも含んで成る請求項9記載の方法。 - 更に、
前記反応槽を前記炭化水素の実質的に全部が気相状態になるような真空条件下で機能させ、そして
脱水素生成物を含有して成る蒸気生成物を前記反応槽から回収する、
ことも含んで成る請求項9記載の方法。 - 前記オフガス流がエチルベンゼン反応装置に由来するスチレンオフガスを含有して成る請求項9記載の方法。
- 前記冷却用媒体が冷水を含有して成る請求項9記載の方法。
- 前記冷却用媒体が更にエチルベンゼンも含有して成る請求項13記載の方法。
- 前記オフガス流に由来する芳香族化合物および水蒸気の凝縮によってスチレン、エチルベンゼン、トルエンおよびベンゼンの中の1種以上を含有して成る凝縮した化合物をもたらす請求項9記載の方法。
- 更に前記凝縮した化合物を前記炭化水素原料の中に混合することも含んで成る請求項1
5記載の方法。 - 分離された芳香族化合物液体を直接接触型凝縮器のコレクターバッフルからあふれ管を経て出口ラインへ導くことを更に含んで成る請求項9記載の方法。
- 脱水素反応槽のオフガスから芳香族化合物および水蒸気を除去する方法であって、
オフガス流を直接接触型凝縮器の中に送り込み、ただし前記直接接触型凝縮器はサクションノックアウトドラム内に設置されていて、コレクターバッフルおよび出口ラインを含んでおり、前記オフガス流はアルキル芳香族化合物の脱水素によってビニル芳香族化合物を生成することが可能な脱水素反応槽からのものである、
前記オフガス流を直接接触型凝縮器内で冷却用媒体と接触させ、
芳香族化合物および水蒸気を前記オフガス流から直接接触型凝縮器内で凝縮させ、
凝縮した芳香族化合物および水蒸気を直接接触型凝縮器内のコレクターバッフル上に捕集し、
分離された凝縮芳香族化合物および水蒸気を直接接触型凝縮器から出口ラインを経て取り出し、
非凝縮性蒸気を直接接触型凝縮器から取り出し、そして
非凝縮性蒸気をオフガス圧縮器へ送る、
ことを含んで成る方法。 - 前記オフガス流がエチルベンゼン反応装置に由来するスチレンオフガスを含有して成る請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記冷却用媒体が冷水を含有して成る請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記冷却用媒体が更にエチルベンゼンも含有して成る請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記凝縮した芳香族化合物がスチレン、エチルベンゼン、トルエンおよびベンゼンの中の1種以上を含有して成る請求項18記載の方法。
- 更に前記凝縮した芳香族化合物を主工程分離器に送ることも含んで成る請求項18記載の方法。
- 分離された芳香族化合物液体を直接接触型凝縮器のコレクターバッフルからあふれ管を経て出口ラインへ導くことを更に含んで成る請求項18記載の方法。
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