JP5731703B1 - Bone drilling device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bone drilling device provided with a guide pin and a hollow drill, which can avoid the risk of excessive penetration of the guide pin. A bone drilling instrument 1 has a guide pin 10 for determining the direction and depth of bone drilling and inserting the bone into the bone in advance, and a cutting blade 21 at the tip, and the guide pin 10 is moved axially from the tip. And a hollow drill 20 in which an insertable lumen 23 is formed. The hollow drill 20 has a bone waste lead-out hole 24 that communicates the lumen 23 and the outer surface of the drill, and has an exposed slope 24c that opens into the bone waste discharge groove 22 on the outer surface side. [Selection] Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a bone drilling instrument including a guide pin that is inserted in advance and a hollow drill that drills a bone by extrapolating the guide pin in surgery such as a fracture or a bone disease, and more specifically, the guide pin is simultaneously used with the hollow drill. The present invention relates to a bone drilling device that can avoid the risk of excessive intrusion of guide pins caused by rotation or simultaneous progress.

In general, in bone drilling in bone surgery, in order to ensure the drilling depth and direction, a guide pin having a relatively small diameter is inserted in advance in the target direction and depth under fluoroscopy (see FIG. 1), A surgical technique for perforating bones in the same direction and depth by a relatively large-diameter hollow drill having a bore having a diameter that can be fitted on the guide pin shaft is generally used.

  In such a bone surgical operation, at the stage where the hollow drill is rotated to advance the bone drilling by extrapolating the guide pin that has been inserted and positioned in advance, the guide pin does not rotate and the original position, that is, the depth and direction are originally not rotated. Must be secured. However, in actuality, bone waste formed around the cutting edge of the hollow drill tip penetrates into the gap between the hollow surface of the hollow drill and the outer surface of the guide pin (see FIG. 2), thereby increasing the friction between the two. As a result, the rotational torque of the hollow drill may be erroneously transmitted to the guide pin. In this situation, there is a risk that the guide pin rotates with the hollow drill and excessively penetrates to an unexpected depth (see Fig. 3), damaging important surrounding nerves, blood vessels, muscle tendons, organs, etc. A clinical example that occurs is reported in Non-Patent Document 1.

  In order to avoid this risk, the guide pin outer diameter is reduced and the hollow drill lumen diameter is increased, thereby widening the gap between them to reduce the effect of invading bone waste. Is also possible. However, if the gap is too wide, the frequency of bone waste penetration increases, and the hollow drilling direction becomes unstable with respect to the guide pin direction, which is disadvantageous. For this reason, in order to ensure an accurate hollow drill bone drilling direction, it is desirable that the gap between the guide pin outer diameter and the hollow drill lumen diameter is appropriately small. Therefore, in order to prevent the above problem, it is necessary to suppress the influence of the bone waste that has inevitably entered. For this reason, the bone waste that has once entered is led out from the gap to the outer surface side of the hollow drill. There is a need to build a means to eliminate them.

  A hollow-type drill in which a side hole is provided on a side surface of a drill main body has been conventionally known, and is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. Moreover, the hollow type bone insert provided with the side hole is disclosed by patent documents 2-6.

JP-T 6-506159 JP-A-9-108237 JP-A-9-149906 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-200 Special table 2012-515038 gazette Japanese Patent No. 3916417

Anesthesia experience of 2 cases that managed to be managed safely although they showed ultra-low Hb level (3g · dl-1) due to unexpected rapid mass bleeding. Keiichiro et al., Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University. Anesthesia 44 (12): 1737-1737, 1995.

  However, the drills or bone inserts disclosed in the above documents have the following problems when used for the purposes of the present invention. The side hole of the hollow drill disclosed in Patent Document 1 is for the purpose of collecting drill dust around the outside of the drill and introducing it into the bore of the hollow drill, and the drill bit has a guide pin. Therefore, the directionality cannot be ensured, and it is not a lead-out hole for discharging the drilling dust in the bore of the hollow drill to the outside.

  The implant disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes an orifice that communicates a lumen of a bone insert and an outer surface, which are provided to balance the pressure inside and outside. In addition, the bone insert provided with the orifice is implanted for osteosynthesis rather than a bone drilling drill, and the orifice does not function as a debris outlet hole for bone drilling.

  The jig disclosed in Patent Document 3 is provided with a side opening that communicates the lumen of the bone insert and the outer surface provided to balance the pressure inside and outside. In addition, a bone insert provided with a side opening as the jig has no blade at the tip, is not a hollow drill or a bone drilling device, and is inserted into a previously drilled bone hole and embedded for treatment. Is. That is, the side opening provided in the jig of Patent Document 3 does not function as a bone waste outlet hole associated with bone drilling.

  The device disclosed in Patent Document 4 communicates a bone insert provided for the purpose of direct contact between a bone growth promoting substance in a lumen and a surrounding vertebra, that is, a lumen of a cage body and an outer surface. The pore to be made is provided. In addition, bone inserts with pores do not have a blade at the tip, and are not hollow drills or bone drilling devices, but are inserted into drilled holes that have already been drilled and are embedded and placed for interbody fixation. It is. That is, the pores provided in the instrument of Patent Document 4 do not function as bone waste outlet holes associated with bone drilling.

  The bone insert disclosed in Patent Document 5 is provided with a hole for communicating the lumen of the intramedullary nail for inserting a bone screw for fixing the intramedullary nail with respect to the bone structure and the outer surface. The intramedullary nail is not provided with a blade at the tip thereof, and is not a hollow drill or a bone drilling device, but is inserted into the bone marrow cavity and embedded for fixation of the bone structure. That is, the hole provided in the implant of Patent Document 5 does not function as a bone waste outlet hole associated with bone drilling.

  The drill for drilling bone disclosed in Patent Document 6 aims to prevent the guide member and the drill from being fixed due to bone dust or the like, which is cutting waste, and is provided with a horizontal hole in the drill to remove internal bone powder. However, the relationship between the horizontal hole provided in the drill and the dynamic element of the drill rotation progress and the positional relationship with the groove on the outer surface of the drill are not clear, and the discharge of bone powder was insufficient.

  That is, in order to increase the efficiency of bone waste derivation from the hollow drill lumen gap to the outer surface side of the hollow drill and avoid blockage of the derivation path, the shape of the derivation path based on the dynamic element of the rotation progress of the hollow drill It is necessary to consider the relationship with the direction, opening part, outer surface structure, and the like. Also, assuming that bone debris is led out from the hollow drill lumen to the outer surface of the hollow drill, it becomes easier for the bone debris to accumulate in the gap between the outer surface of the drill and the bone drilling surface. It can also cause an increase in rotational torque due to dynamic friction. In order to minimize it, it is necessary to consider the positional relationship of the path for bone waste derivation with the structure of the bone waste discharge groove on the outer surface of the drill. No bone drilling drill is disclosed for these structures.

  Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to avoid the risk of excessive penetration of the previously inserted guide pin, to remove bone waste in the hollow drill lumen gap, It is an object to provide a bone drilling instrument including a guide pin and a hollow drill, which can be derived effectively in consideration and can perform a safe and efficient hollow drill bone drilling.

  In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a bone drilling device having the following configuration.

The present invention determines a direction and depth of bone drilling, and has a guide pin inserted in advance in the bone in advance, and a cutting blade at the tip, and a lumen through which the guide pin can be inserted in the axial direction is formed. A bone drilling instrument comprising:
The hollow drill has a bone waste outlet hole communicating the lumen and the drill outer surface ,
The bone waste outlet hole includes a hole wall surface that is substantially perpendicular to the lumen surface on the drill advance side and the drill rotation direction side, and a hole wall surface of an inclined surface that forms an acute angle with the lumen surface on the opposite side to the drill rotation direction. And the opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill has a diameter larger than the opening on the lumen surface in the direction opposite to the drill rotation direction, and the inclined surface is a exposed inclined surface for debris derivation associated with drill rotation. The present invention provides a bone drilling instrument characterized by being configured as follows.

Further, the bone waste lead-out hole has an opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill whose diameter is larger on the rear side than the opening on the inner cavity surface with respect to the drill traveling direction. also it can be provided to so that the hole wall slope is formed which forms the cavity surface at an acute angle in. According to the said structure, the bone waste which entered the clearance gap from the drill front-end | tip can be made easy to be discharged | emitted outside through the exposed slope.

  In the bone waste outlet hole, the opening on the inner surface is substantially circular, and the opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill has a major axis intersecting the axis of the hollow drill and the orthogonal axis. It is preferable to be configured in an oval shape.

  Preferably, the hollow drill has a bone waste discharge groove on an outer surface, and an opening portion of the bone waste lead-out hole to the outer surface of the hollow drill is provided in the bone waste discharge groove. . The bone waste discharging groove has a spiral shape, the opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill is wider than the opening on the lumen surface, and the side surface on the spiral rear side of the bone waste discharging groove is smooth. It is more preferable that it is provided so as to be a protruding slope.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, the minor diameter of the opening in the lumen surface of the bone waste lead-out hole is configured to be larger than the difference between the diameter of the lumen of the hollow drill and the diameter of the guide pin. It is preferable. According to the said structure, the bone waste which entered the clearance gap from the drill front-end | tip can be made easy to be discharged | emitted outside.

  In the present invention, even if the hollow drill is a reamer or an end mill type bone drilling device having a cutting blade for expanding holes on the outer peripheral portion, the bone waste outlet hole can be provided.

  The present invention provides an excessive penetration of the guide pin to an unexpected depth by debris generated around the cutting edge of the hollow drill during the drilling of the rotary drill into the gap between the hollow surface of the hollow drill and the outer surface of the guide pin. In order to avoid the danger of doing, a bone waste outlet hole is provided.

In bone drilling in bone surgery, in order to ensure the drilling depth and direction, a guide pin having a relatively small diameter is inserted in advance at the target direction and depth under fluoroscopy, and the positioned guide pin shaft Surgical techniques for drilling bone with a hollow drill having a relatively large bore that can be extrapolated to the outside are useful. At the time of drilling the hollow drill rotary bone, the originally positioned depth and direction must be ensured without rotating the guide pin. However, bone debris around the tip of the hollow drill inevitably enters the gap between the hollow drill's inner surface and the outer surface of the guide pin. The sliding resistance between the lumen surface and the outer peripheral surface of the guide pin is increased, and the hollow drill rotational torque is erroneously transmitted to the guide pin. For this reason, there is a risk that the guide pin excessively enters an unexpected depth and damages important nerves, blood vessels, muscle tendons, organs, and the like in the surroundings.

  Therefore, by providing a bone waste lead-out hole that removes bone waste once invaded from the gap to the outer surface of the hollow drill, bone waste accumulation is reduced and erroneous transmission of the hollow drill rotational torque to the drilling guide pin is suppressed. Further, excessive entry of the drilling guide pin can be suppressed.

  Further, when the bone waste outlet hole has an opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill wider than the opening on the lumen surface and a side surface in a direction opposite to the drill rotation direction is exposed and inclined, the bone waste outlet hole enters the bone waste outlet hole. Bone debris accumulation is reduced and the drilling effect is promoted by the rotation of the drill, and the discharge of bone debris is promoted.

  Further, when the bone waste outlet hole has a wider opening in the outer surface of the hollow drill than the opening in the lumen surface, and the side surface on the rear side in the drill axial direction is a protruding slope, it enters the bone waste outlet hole. Bone debris accumulation is reduced, the progress of the drill shaft is accelerated, and the expulsion effect is promoted, and the discharge of bone debris is promoted.

  In the bone waste outlet hole, the opening on the inner surface is substantially circular, and the opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill is in a direction in which the long axis intersects the axis of the hollow drill and the orthogonal axis. It is preferably configured in an oval shape.

  In addition, by providing a bone waste discharge groove on the outer surface of the hollow drill and installing an opening portion of the bone waste outlet hole to the outer surface of the hollow drill on the surface of the bone waste discharge groove, An increase in sliding friction on the outer surface side of the hollow drill due to the accumulation of bone waste in the gap between them is suppressed, and smooth drilling is achieved. And on the hollow drill structure, by opening the bone waste outlet hole in the bone waste discharge groove on the outer surface side, the distance between the openings from the lumen to the outer surface is shortened and the influence on the hollow drill strength is reduced. This is advantageous for securing the safety of hollow drill bone drilling.

  In addition, by providing an outer surface opening that has a bone waste discharge groove on the outer surface in a spiral shape and the outer surface of the bone waste outlet hole on the rear side of the spiral is exposed as a slope, This facilitates the derivation and backward movement of the bone, and enables a smooth hollow drill bone drilling in which the bone waste outlet hole and the discharge groove function efficiently.

  Furthermore, since the maximum diameter of bone debris that can enter the gap is considered to be the difference between the diameter of the hollow drill lumen cross section and the guide pin cross section diameter, By making the minor axis of the opening to the surface larger than the difference between the diameter of the hollow cross section of the hollow drill and the diameter of the guide pin cross section, bone waste can be more reliably led out.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the use start state of the bone piercing device concerning embodiment of this invention, and is a figure which shows the state which inserted the guide pin previously to the target position of the femoral head of a femur. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that bone waste accumulates in the clearance gap between a hollow drill lumen | bore and a guide pin when inserting an old hollow drill along a guide pin. It is a schematic diagram showing a dangerous state in which bone waste accumulates in a gap between a conventional hollow drill lumen and a guide pin, and the guide pin is excessively penetrated into the pelvic cavity. It is a figure which shows the (a) guide pin and (b) hollow drill which comprise the bone drilling instrument of embodiment of this invention. From the debris outlet hole of the bone drilling device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the bone debris is led out to the debris discharge groove through the exposed slope, and drilling is performed to the target position without excessive penetration of the guide pin. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state. It is a figure which shows the structure of the bone drilling instrument concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing in the VII-VII line of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the accumulation condition of bone waste when the exposed slope is not provided. It is a figure which shows the structure of the bone drilling instrument concerning the reference example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the magnitude | size of opening to the hollow drill lumen | bore surface of the bone waste lead-out hole of the bone drilling instrument of FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the bone drilling instrument concerning the other reference example of this invention.

First, in an example of a surgical situation in which the present invention is implemented, a stage before insertion of a hollow drill is shown in FIG. A state in which the guide pin 10 is first inserted into the bone head 101 of the femur 100 with the target depth and direction of drilling is shown. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are views showing the danger when the drill drilling of the bone head of the femur is promoted along the guide pin 10 by the conventional hollow drill 20p.

  When the guide pin 10 is inserted in advance to the intended drilling direction and depth and temporarily placed, the drill driving device 2 is removed from the rear end of the guide pin, the old hollow drill 20p is inserted into the guide pin, and the old hollow drill 20p is inserted. The rear end is connected and fixed to the drill driving device 2. When the drill driving device 2 is driven in this state, the conventional hollow drill 20p slides and rotates with respect to the guide pin 10, and drilling is started in the direction along the guide pin 10. FIG. 2 is in the middle of advancing the hollow drilling, and there is an extra length near the tip of the target guide pin 10, which should be further advanced.

  However, as shown in FIG. 2, at the tip of the conventional hollow drill 20p, fine bone waste 80 around the periphery due to drill drilling inevitably enters the gap between the inner surface 20n of the drill and the outer peripheral surface of the guide pin 10. To do. Even though the diameter is relatively small, the bone scrap 81 that has entered the lumen accumulates in large numbers due to drill drilling, so that the sliding resistance of the lumen gap increases, and the rotational torque and pushing force of the conventional hollow drill 20p. Is erroneously transmitted to the guide pin 10. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, there is a risk that the tip of the guide pin 10 advances excessively, pierces the bone head 101, penetrates the pelvic floor 102, and reaches the pelvic cavity 103. There are important organs such as the intestinal tract, bladder, blood vessels, and nerves in the pelvic cavity 103, and it is extremely dangerous to penetrate the guide pin 10 having a sharp tip.

  A bone drilling instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention for avoiding the above risk will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 shows (a) a guide pin 10 and (b) a hollow drill 20 constituting the bone drilling instrument according to the present embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 4 (a), the guide pin 10 for positioning and inserting the depth and direction in advance under fluoroscopy is detachable from the drill driving device and can drill a bone at the tip. 11 is a thin steel wire provided with 11. The outer diameter A of the guide pin 10 is about 4 mm or less, and it should be made thin if it can maintain the strength that can drill a bone without bending when it is rotated and drilled by the drill driving device 2 (see FIG. 1). Is preferred. Further, most of the outer peripheral surface of the guide pin 10 is smooth so as to be inserted into a hollow drill 20 described later and to rotate smoothly.

  The hollow drill 20 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 (b) is provided with cutting edges 21 capable of cutting bones at four ends in four directions, and a drill rake face 21a following the cutting edge 21 is provided on the outer surface. A substantially U-shaped bone waste discharging groove 22 defined by the opposing wall 21b is provided in a spiral shape. The bone waste discharging groove 22 serves as a moving path for discharging bone waste cut by the cutting blade 21 to the rear portion of the outer periphery of the drill.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG.4 (b), the hollow drill 20 is provided with the lumen | bore 23 extended along the center axis | shaft which can insert the guide pin 10 over the full length of a hollow drill. The inner diameter dimension B of the lumen 23 is configured to be slightly larger than the outer diameter dimension A of the drilling guide pin 10 so that only the hollow drill 20 can be smoothly slid and rotated while the guide pin 10 can be inserted. ing.

  On the other hand, when the dimensional difference D between the outer diameter dimension A of the guide pin 10 and the inner diameter dimension B of the lumen 23 becomes too large, play in the guide by the guide pin 10 increases and the deflection of the drill rotating shaft increases. On the other hand, when the dimensional difference D is small, sliding friction between the guide pin 10 and the hollow drill 20 increases, which may cause troubles such as simultaneous rotation of the hollow drill 20 and the guide pin 10 and breakage of the guide pin 10. For this reason, although the dimensional difference D depends on the shape of the cutting blade 21 of the hollow drill 20 and the like, it is preferable that the dimensional difference D is limited to less than half of the outer diameter of the guide pin 10 (see FIG. 9).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), a bone waste lead-out hole 24 is opened on the outer surface of the hollow drill 20, and the bone waste lead-out hole has a substantially circular opening in the lumen surface. The opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill is formed in an oval shape whose major axis is a direction intersecting the axis of the hollow drill and the orthogonal axis. The bone waste lead-out hole 24 is for discharging the bone waste that has entered the gap between the distal end portion of the hollow drill 20 and the guide pin 10 in the lumen 23 to the outside of the lumen 23. The bone waste lead-out hole 24 is provided through the side wall from the lumen opening 24a of the hollow drill 20 to the outer periphery opening 24b. At this time, the outer peripheral opening 24b is wider than the lumen opening 24a, and it is appropriate to open with the exposed slope 24c. The bone waste outlet holes 24 do not have to be provided in all the bone waste discharge grooves 22, and may be provided in any bone waste discharge groove 22 so that the efficiency of bone waste discharge is enhanced.

  Furthermore, the hollow drill 20 in FIG. 4B has an oval shape having a spiral bone waste discharge groove 22 on the outer surface, and a side surface of the bone waste lead-out hole is exposed and the inclined surface 24c is exposed. An outer surface opening is provided. With this structure, the opening portion of the outer surface becomes the bottom of the bone waste discharging groove, the opening distance from the lumen to the outer surface side is minimized, and bone waste is derived by the dynamic sweeping effect by the progress of the hollow drill rotation. A spiral backward movement is prompted.

  FIG. 5 shows that bone waste is discharged from the bone waste outlet hole 24 of the bone drilling device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention into the spiral bone waste discharge groove 22 by the dynamic effect of the rotation of the drill through the exposed slope 24c. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state where drilling is performed to a target position without being excessively intruded by the guide pin 10. The position of the guide pin 10 in FIG. 5 is minimized in movement from the initial target position, and penetration of the bone head 101 and the pelvis bottom 102 is prevented. This is because the bone waste 81 in the invaded lumen gap is led out and discharged through the bone waste outlet hole 24, and the sliding friction in the gap between the guide pin 10 and the hollow drill lumen is not excessive, and the guide pin 10 This is because the hollow drill can be rotated and advanced while maintaining the original position.

  FIG. 5 illustrates the bone waste 82 led out of the exposed slope 24 c and the bone waste 83 discharged to the bone waste discharge groove 22. The exposed slope 24c is configured with a side face opposite to the drill rotation direction indicated by an arrow 91 and a side face on the rear side in the drill axis direction as slopes. That is, the bone waste lead-out hole 24 is opened obliquely along the spiral bone waste discharge groove 22, and the exposed slope is provided on the side surface behind the opening of the spiral discharge groove of the drill. By comprising in this way, the sweeping-out effect is accelerated | stimulated by the dynamic factor of hollow drill rotation or advancing. The derived bone waste is less likely to be accumulated and accumulated between the outer surface of the hollow drill 20 and the inner surface of the drilled bone hole, and the bone is moved to the rear side of the drill shaft through the spiral bone waste discharge groove 22. Scrap movement is promoted and smooth and efficient drilling is possible without excessive increase in sliding friction on the outer surface of the drill. In addition, providing the bone waste lead-out hole 24 in such a groove structure, that is, in the outer peripheral concave portion, from the inner cavity rather than in the outer peripheral convex portion defined by the drill rake face 21a and the spiral opposing wall 21b on the one-end tip side. The opening distance to the outer surface can be shortened, which is efficient for debris derivation, and the strength reduction of the hollow drill due to the opening can be suppressed to a relatively low level, which is advantageous for ensuring the safety of hollow drill bone drilling.

  When the spiral bone waste discharging groove 22 on the outer surface of the original hollow drill 30 is shortened like the hollow drill 30 of the bone drilling instrument 1b according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. It is also possible to provide an axial slit-like bone waste outlet hole 31 in 30f. Also in this case, as shown in FIG. 7, the outer peripheral opening 31b is wider than the lumen opening 31a, and it is preferable to open with the exposed slope 31c on the side opposite to the drill rotation direction indicated by the arrow 91. .

  In the hollow drill used in the bone drilling instrument according to the second embodiment, when the exposed surface is not provided in the bone waste lead-out hole 31, the lead is extracted by the rotation of the hollow drill 30 as shown in FIG. Bone waste is blocked and stays on the side wall surface of the hole. There is a possibility that the hole is clogged by the bone waste 84 accumulated on the side wall. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, the provision of the exposed slope 31c makes it difficult for bone waste to accumulate, and derivation of bone waste is promoted by the dynamic effect of drill rotation.

  The length L of the bone waste outlet hole 31 as shown in FIG. 6 is not particularly limited, but the drilled hollow drill 30 must be strong enough to withstand the rotational speed and torque. In addition, the sliding rotation around the guide pin 10 must be stable.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of a bone drilling device according to a reference example of the present invention. The bone drilling instrument 1c according to the present reference example shows a bone debris outlet hole 24 that opens on the shaft portion 40f of the hollow drill 40 so that the side surface rearward in the drill axial direction is exposed and becomes a slope 24c. In order to enhance the bone waste derivation effect, the next rear opening position is shifted by 45 degrees in consideration of the strength of the outer peripheral wall of the hollow drill 40 as shown in FIG. Although four bone waste outlet holes 24 are provided, the number and location of installation are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the size and material strength of the hollow drill 40 and the guide pin 10. That's fine.

  Further, the opening size of the bone waste lead-out hole 24 can be adjusted as appropriate according to the application, but it is reasonable to determine the relative size between the lumen size of the hollow drill and the outer diameter size of the guide pin. is there. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the hollow drill 30 extrapolated to the guide pin 10 may be biased toward one end in the lumen 23 during use, and the gap D generated in this case increases. The size of the gap D corresponds to the size of bone waste that can enter, and is the maximum difference between the inner diameter dimension B of the lumen 23 and the outer diameter dimension A of the guide pin 10. For this reason, the width C of the lumen opening 31a of the hollow drill 30 in the bone waste lead-out hole 31 should be larger than the dimensional difference D between the inner diameter B of the lumen 23 and the outer diameter A of the guide pin 10. Thus, the bone waste 81 or the like in the invading lumen can be discharged to the outside. However, even when the diameter of the hollow drill 30 is originally thin and it is difficult to open the lead-out hole, or for maintaining the strength, etc., even if it is difficult to lead out the bone waste with a smaller opening than the above range, viscosity such as blood It is possible to derive only the liquid material and reduce the sliding rotation resistance.

  When the width C of the hollow opening 31a of the hollow drill in the bone waste lead-out hole 24 is larger than the outer diameter A of the guide pin 10, the guide is provided when the hollow drill 30 is extrapolated to the guide pin or rotated. There is a possibility that the pin 10 is caught in the bone waste outlet hole 31. In order to suppress the catch, it is preferable that the width dimension C of the lumen opening is smaller than the outer diameter dimension A of the perforation guide pin 10. However, if the guide pin has a high rigidity and a small amount of vibration during rotation, the width C of the lumen opening 31a may be increased beyond the above range in order to prioritize the derivation of bone waste. .

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a bone drilling device 1d according to another reference example of the present invention. In another reference example , as the hollow bone drilling instrument 50, a reamer type having a cutting blade 51 for expanding the hole on the outer peripheral portion as shown in FIG. 11, or an end mill type or burnishing drill type structure can be adopted. . Even in this configuration, the risk of the guide pin 10 rotating simultaneously with the rotation of the hollow drill 50 can be reduced by providing the bone waste outlet hole 24 with the exposed slope 24 c in the bone waste discharge groove 52.

  As described above, according to the bone drilling instrument 1 according to the present embodiment, by applying a dynamic factor of the progress of drill rotation, bone waste 81 and the like in the lumen gap that has entered each hollow drill is derived. It can be efficiently discharged from the hole 24 to the outer surface or the bone waste discharge groove, and the increase in sliding resistance in the lumen gap caused by the bone waste 81 is suppressed, and the guide pin 10 advances simultaneously with the hollow drill, and excessively enters. It is possible to avoid the risk of performing bone drilling and to perform safe and smooth bone drilling.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It can implement in another various aspect. For example, the configuration of the bone waste lead-out hole 24 is not limited to the above, and the shape is not limited as long as the bone waste that has entered the lumen 23 can be discharged.

1, 1b, 1c, 1d Bone drilling device 2 Drill drive device 10 Guide pin 11 Cutting blade 20, 30, 40 Hollow drill 21 Cutting blade 21a Rake face 21b Opposite wall 22 of rake face Bone waste discharging groove 23 Lumens 24, 31 Bone waste lead-out holes 24a and 31a Lumen openings 24b and 31b Peripheral openings 24c and 31c Bare slopes 30f and 40f Shaft portion 50 Hollow bone drilling tool 51 Cutting blade 52 for widening bone waste discharge groove 80 Bone waste on outer circumference 81 Bone waste 82 in the luminal gap Derived bone waste 83 Bone waste 84 discharged into the bone waste discharge groove Bone waste accumulated on the side wall 91 Rotation direction 100 Femur 101 Bone head 102 Pelvic floor 103 Pelvic lumen A Guide pin Outer Dimension B Bolted Dimension C of the Hollow Drill Width D of the Lumen Opening D Difference between the Dimension of the Hollow Drill Lumen and the Outer Diameter of the Guide Pin

Claims (7)

A hollow having a guide pin for determining the direction and depth of bone perforation and inserting in advance into the bone in advance, a cutting blade at the tip, and a lumen through which the guide pin can be inserted axially from the tip A bone drilling instrument comprising a drill,
The hollow drill has a bone waste outlet hole communicating the lumen and the drill outer surface ,
The bone waste outlet hole includes a hole wall surface that is substantially perpendicular to the lumen surface on the drill advance side and the drill rotation direction side, and a hole wall surface of an inclined surface that forms an acute angle with the lumen surface on the opposite side to the drill rotation direction. And the opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill has a diameter larger than the opening on the lumen surface in the direction opposite to the drill rotation direction, and the inclined surface is a exposed inclined surface for debris derivation associated with drill rotation. It is comprised so that it may become . The bone drilling instrument characterized by the above-mentioned . In the bone waste outlet hole, the opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill has a diameter that is larger on the rear side than the opening on the inner cavity surface with respect to the drill traveling direction. bone boring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole wall surface of the inclined surface forming the cavity surface at an acute angle is provided so that formed. In the bone waste outlet hole, the opening on the inner surface is substantially circular, and the opening on the outer surface of the hollow drill is in a direction in which the long axis intersects the axis of the hollow drill and the orthogonal axis. The bone drilling device according to claim 2, wherein the device is configured in an oval shape. The hollow drill has a bone waste discharge groove on an outer surface, and an opening portion of the bone waste lead-out hole to the outer surface of the hollow drill is provided in the bone waste discharge groove. The bone drilling device according to claim 3 . The bone waste discharge groove has a spiral shape, and an opening portion of the bone waste outlet hole to the outer surface of the hollow drill is provided in the bone waste discharge groove, and an opening portion on the outer surface of the hollow drill is provided. 5. The bone perforation device according to claim 4 , wherein the bone drilling device is provided so that a side surface of the bone waste discharging groove that is wider than the opening portion in the lumen surface is exposed and inclined. . The short diameter of the opening in the lumen surface of the bone waste lead-out hole is configured to be larger than the difference between the diameter of the lumen of the hollow drill and the diameter of the guide pin. Item 6. The bone drilling device according to any one of Items 1 to 5 . The bone drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the hollow drill has a cutting blade for expanding the hole on an outer peripheral portion.

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