JP5717276B2 - Method of use as agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for use as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments.

  In tropical and dry areas, vast deserts are not effectively used and food shortages are constant. On top of that, population growth is remarkable.

  One of the reasons for persistent food shortages in tropical and dry plants is that most of the energy of the sun's rays is harmful and unprofitable for plants in tropical and dry zones. In other words, the energy of sunlight that was not used for photosynthesis, for example, because it was not irradiated on the leaves of the plant, or because the wavelength was not effective for photosynthesis even when irradiated, simply heated the land and plants. It is used to evaporate precious water and dry land and plants. In addition, under hot weather, the crop closes its pores to prevent it from drying out, as the temperature of the crop increases and the water lost from the pores by transpiration increases. As a result, carbon dioxide cannot be taken in, and even though light for photosynthesis is poured, the photosynthesis cannot be performed, and it continues to withstand severe environments. At this time, a peroxide is generated by a photoreaction, so that it may wither in some cases. Such a phenomenon is witnessing the phenomenon that plants die if the sunshine continues in midsummer. In this way, sunlight that evaporates moisture from plants and land is deadly for plants in extreme heat.

  It is conceivable to place a mirror on the ground and reflect it so that the ground on which the crop is planted is not heated by excessive solar energy, but in this case, the crop is heated by reflection, which is rather difficult for the crop. There is a problem of becoming. This problem is usually evident in the hot weather when walking on asphalt roads under hot weather, and because shorter children are more severe than adults. Is also obvious. In addition, in the cultivation of vegetables and the like in a hydroponic house in the desert, excessive solar energy that is not effectively utilized for photosynthesis causes a significant temperature rise in the house, which in turn increases the load on the air conditioning equipment. There's a problem. In this way, there is no effective means for plant cultivation in the tropics and dry areas.

  In addition, there is a proposal to construct a house so that heat rays do not enter the house using a heat ray reflective film (see Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3), but when this proposal is executed in a tropical or dry area, Reflected heat rays heat nearby land, and heat from them heats the land of the cultivation house. In addition, visible light, which occupies most of the solar energy, passes through the heat-reflecting film, and of course the tropical region causes a temperature increase in the house even in the temperate region. Therefore, it is difficult for the farmer to work in such a high-temperature and high-humidity atmosphere, and there is a problem that the cost of controlling the temperature in the house to solve the problem increases. Among these measures, the method that is relatively inexpensive and easy for farmers to deal with is to open the windows and release the hot air when the inside of the house gets hot. When the concentration of carbon dioxide and water vapor is controlled and maintained in order to promote the growth of plants, the carbon dioxide and water vapor are also released, and these controls must be temporarily abandoned.

  Even in the temperate zone, the surface temperature of the building exceeds 70 ° C. in midsummer. In order to suppress the heat island phenomenon in such an environment, greening of buildings has been attempted. This is very harsh for plants. For example, Sedum has a strong vitality and is often adopted as a roof greening for houses in Germany, but it closes the pores at temperatures below 25 ° C, so it is harsh in the Japanese climate where temperatures exceed 25 ° C (non-patented) Reference 1).

  Even in rice under flooded conditions, the water absorption rate of the roots does not catch up with the transpiration rate during the daytime in midsummer, and the pores close to prevent water loss.

  Thus, the extreme heat environment is not limited to the tropics and arid regions, but is also recognized in the temperate regions. As you can see, under the extremely hot environment, there is no known appropriate agricultural and forestry material that can be offered at a low price, so there is no way for humans to do so, and the plants will defensively close their pores and restrain their own growth. I have to acquiesce that I can't afford it, and the people who work on it endure the heat.

JP-A 63-7728 JP-A-10-165008 JP 2009-86659 A

Rooftop greening Wikipedia

The present invention aims to provide a method for use in a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry materials to solve the above challenges.

The present inventor has been led thought to to be resolved by utilizing retroreflective the above problems.
That is, this invention exists in following (1)-( 12 ).
(1) The retroreflective member has wavelength dependence, retroreflects all or most of the heat rays, and generally transmits the light in the remaining wavelength range including wavelengths effective for photosynthesis, and the shape is a film, sheet , Panel shape, block shape, hollow shape or columnar shape, the retroreflective member is provided substantially in parallel on the main surface, and the retroreflective member is dispersed in the heat ray transmitting medium constituting the retroreflective member. A method for use as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment, comprising a fluorescent agent that is applied to the surface of the material and absorbs light on the short wavelength side and emits light effective for photosynthesis.
(2) The retroreflective member retroreflects at least the most part of each of the heat ray and the visible light, and shows a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm. Or three or more of retroreflective structures having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm connected to form both the front and back surfaces to form a flat plate or a substantially flat plate, at least one of which is a transparent resin how to use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry materials according to (1), characterized in that a coating film is dispersed in a binder if necessary and.
(3) The retroreflective member retroreflects all or most of the heat rays and substantially transmits the light in the remaining wavelength range including the wavelength effective for photosynthesis, and the recursion has a size of 10 μm to 5 mm. 4 or more showing the reflecting structure are integrated or symmetrical, or 3 or more showing the retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are connected to form a flat plate or both is intended to be substantially flat, used as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry and materials described above, wherein the one of which at least a coating film are dispersed in the heat ray transmitting resin (1) or (2) how to.
(4) The retroreflective member is a member that retroreflects at least most of the visible rays of heat rays, and exhibits a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm. Or three or more showing a retroreflective structure with a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are connected to each other to form both flat and substantially flat plates, and at least one of them is transparent how to use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry and materials described above characterized in that it is a coating material dispersed in the resin (1) or (2).
(5) The retroreflective member retroreflects at least most of each visible ray of heat rays, and exhibits a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm. Or three or more of retroreflective structures having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm connected to form both the front and back surfaces to form a flat plate or a substantially flat plate, and a large number of at least one of them. number, how to use in a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry and materials described above is characterized in that a ink which is dispersed in a solvent which dissolves the transparent resin (1) or (2).
(6) The retroreflective member retroreflects all or most of the heat rays, and generally transmits the light in the remaining wavelength region including the wavelength effective for photosynthesis, and has a size of 10 μm to 5 mm. 4 or more showing the reflecting structure are integrated or symmetrical, or 3 or more showing the retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are connected to form a flat plate or both is intended to be substantially flat, to use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry and materials described above, characterized in that their coating at least one dispersed in the heat ray transmitting resin (1) or (2) Method.
(7) The retroreflective member retroreflects all or most of the heat rays, and generally transmits the light in the remaining wavelength region including the wavelength effective for photosynthesis, and has a size of 10 μm to 5 mm. 4 or more showing the reflecting structure are integrated or symmetrical, or 3 or more showing the retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are connected to form a flat plate or both is intended to be substantially flat, to use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry and materials described above, characterized in that their ink least one dispersed in the heat ray transmitting resin (1) or (2) Method.
(8) Consisting of a layer of a retroreflective member and a diffuse reflection layer, the retroreflective member has a wavelength dependency, and reflects all or most of the heat rays and is effective for photosynthesis. how to use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry material as claimed in any one of the above (1) to (7), characterized in that substantially transmits light in other wavelength ranges including.
(9) The method according to any one of (1) to ( 8 ) above, characterized in that it comprises a laminate of a diffuse reflection layer and a layer containing a retroreflective member, and the diffuse reflection layer is a cold mirror layer. how to use as the intense heat environment for Agriculture, Forestry and materials described.
(10) In any one of the above (1) to ( 9 ), characterized in that it is used by being laid on a farmland in or around a tropical region or arid region, or on a farmland in a temperate region, or floated on the water surface. how to use as the intense heat environment for Agriculture, Forestry and materials described.
(11) Any one of the above (1) to ( 9 ), characterized in that it is laid on the ground or floor of a plant cultivation house in a region from the tropical region to the temperate region, or is floated on the water surface. how to use as the intense heat environment for Agriculture, Forestry and materials described in.
(12) used as the plant-cultivating house for intense heat environment for agriculture, forestry and materials according to any one of the above (1) to (9) is characterized by using as a roofing material and window material house for plant cultivation how to.

[Definition]
The “retroreflection” defined in the present invention means that the retroreflectance is 50% or more of incident light, preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and 60% or more, preferably 70% of reflected light. As described above, more preferably 80% or more is retroreflected in a direction within ± 10 degrees from the incident direction. In addition, “diffuse reflection” defined in the present invention is used in a meaning including irregular reflection and specular reflection (regular reflection).

  In addition, the “agricultural and forestry materials” defined in the present invention is a comprehensive expression of materials for growing plants, and includes agricultural materials and forestry materials, and the meaning of including horticultural materials in agricultural materials. Used in. Further, in addition to the molded product for agriculture and forestry, it is used to include intermediates of molded products that are molded by applying a part or all of the molded product for agriculture and forestry with a paint.

  In addition, the “severe hot environment” defined in the present invention means that if there is no agricultural and forestry material comprising retroreflection according to the present invention, the pores are closed due to heat under the most severe conditions of the year. Or an environment where the aperture ratio of the pores is 30% or less or an environment where the photosynthetic rate is 30% or less under optimum conditions due to heat.

  In addition, the “heat ray” defined in the present invention refers to light having a wavelength longer than that effective for photosynthesis of sunlight. Further, the “most part of the heat rays” defined in the present invention means 60% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more of the heat rays.

  In addition, the “main surface” defined in the present invention is usually the most polyhedron among the polyhedrons that constitute the outer surface in the shape of an agricultural and forestry material in the form of a film, a sheet, a panel, a block, a cavity, or a column. A surface having a large area. However, when the shape is hollow and the shape is more polyhedral than a rectangular parallelepiped, for example, when the light receiving surface side is a roof shape and the bottom surface is a flat shape, or the like, the present invention is used by stacking like a brick. When agricultural and forestry materials are used repeatedly, the surface exposed to the outside air or sunlight after construction is called the “main surface”. Here, “surface” is used to mean a flat surface or a curved surface, and in some cases includes an uneven surface.

  Further, “substantially parallel” defined in the present invention means that, for example, in FIG. 1, the average direction of the mirror 5 is parallel to the main surface. If you look at the details of the retroreflective member in this way, it is not parallel to the main surface, but on average it includes not only the parallel surface, but also on average it is not parallel to the main surface. Also included are those that are substantially parallel and capable of achieving the objectives of the present invention.

  In addition, “fluorescence” defined in the present invention is described on behalf of the function of converting the wavelength of light, and refers to fluorescence or phosphorescence.

  Further, in the present invention, “substantially symmetrical” or “substantially flat plate” means that the former is symmetrically approximated, and the latter is approximated to flat plate. Regardless of whether or not, the reflection is approximately retroreflective. In addition, “substantially isotropic” as defined in the present invention is not isotropic, but is approximately isotropic, and approximately shows retroreflection regardless of the application method. Say.

  In addition, “transparent” as defined in the present invention means to substantially transmit visible light and heat rays, and more preferably means to transmit substantially all wavelengths of sunlight. Since it is almost transparent in appearance, it is used for description. In addition, when the fluorescent agent is contained in the agricultural and forestry material in the present invention, even if the wavelength region absorbed by the fluorescent agent is the ultraviolet region, the wavelength region to be emitted is the effective wavelength region for photosynthesis. As long as it is transmitted, it means that the light passes through the ultraviolet region. On the other hand, “heat ray transmission” defined in the present invention means that the heat ray is almost transmitted. Here, “substantially transmits” means that the wavelength average transmittance is 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more.

  In the present invention, “tropical” or “dry zone” depends on Köppen climate classification.

  Further, in the present invention, “substantially” as “the retroreflective member is almost the same area as the light receiving surface” means that the main surface of the retroreflective member is 70% or more of the light receiving area, preferably 80% or more, more preferably It means 90% or more.

  Further, in the present invention, “substantially vacuum” is used in a sense including a reduced pressure that does not impair the heat insulation.

  Further, in the present invention, “substantially monolayer” is not limited to a complete monolayer structure, but may be a monolayer structure lacking in some places, or may be partially or mostly two or more layers, and simply a preferred structure. It shows that.

According to claim 1, according to the method of use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry materials having a retroreflective structure, light which is not absorbed by the fluorescent agent prevents overheating of the land and plants by retroreflection, retroreflected After that, the light absorbed by the fluorescent agent or the light absorbed by the fluorescent agent before being retroreflected is scattered as light effective for photosynthesis and irradiated to nearby plants. Can be promoted more efficiently. Therefore, if it is only a retroreflective member, it will only prevent the land and plants from overheating for wavelengths that are not effective for photosynthesis, and it will only be retroreflected from the retroreflective surface for wavelengths that are effective for photosynthesis. Since light is not scattered, it only gives a photosynthesis effect to plants on a limited light-receiving surface, and as long as light was not used effectively, it was effectively used due to the presence of a fluorescent agent. Is done.

Further, according to the method of use as an agricultural and forestry material according to claims 2 to 7 , in addition to the effect of claim 1, it is provided in the form of paint or ink, and even with a normal application method, there are particularly limited conditions. After application, according to the usage method as an agricultural and forestry material according to claims 2 to 7 , an unprecedented high retroreflective performance can be obtained. That is, the conventional coating method has not been able to obtain a high retroreflective performance, but the invention according to claims 2 to 7 can achieve such a thing. To elaborate on this point, a bead type paint is conventionally known as a paint that can provide retroreflection, but in the case of the bead type, it is necessary to have a reflective surface at the focal point. Therefore, the beads are made of a high refractive index material, and the refractive index and the size of the beads are adjusted so that the bead is embedded in the reflective layer so that the focal point comes to the interface between the beads and the reflective layer or the vicinity thereof. It is common. From such a request, it is essential to coat the beads one layer. Otherwise, the position of the focal point and the reflecting surface will be deviated, and satisfactory performance as retroreflection cannot be obtained. However, conventionally, there are electrostatic coating methods and air spray methods as methods for applying beads in one layer, but they have inherent problems. First, there is a problem that the electrostatic electrodeposition coating method is not a method that an amateur can easily handle. Also, in the air spray method, the beads are struck almost perpendicularly to the main surface and bite into the underlying fixing layer. Therefore, the fixing layer needs to be substantially horizontal to the main surface, and the inclined fixing surface Then, the bite becomes shallow, the binding of the beads is weak, and it is easy to peel off. Moreover, when it has a concavo-convex structure with respect to the main surface, for example, in the case where a groove is provided like a tile or a block, since there is a surface that is nearly perpendicular to the main surface, construction is difficult. As described above, in the air spray method, the utilization rate of beads is low, and unused beads become waste and are high in cost. Therefore, usually, a method of applying with a paint containing a binder is taken. However, as a practical matter, the overcoating paint containing beads is transparent when applied, and therefore, it tends to be thickly applied to the undercoat layer that is the reflective surface. In addition, even if it is intended to be thinly applied to a single layer, it tends to be partially overcoated, and such a part has two or three layers. Therefore, in reality, it is not easy to obtain a high retroreflective performance. As a bead type improved in this respect, there is a bead type in which a retroreflective surface is provided on a part of the surface of the bead (see JP-A-2005-105222). This is improved on the retroreflective surface because it is a constant distance without being affected by the application. However, since it cannot always arrange | position so that it may reflect in a retroreflection surface after light injects into a bead, a high retroreflection performance is not obtained also in this case. Even in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-288206 in which this point is further improved, in one improvement, the affinity between the undercoat layer and the reflective layer of the beads is increased so that the reflective layer is arranged on the undercoat layer side. However, when the beads are applied so as to overlap, the orientations of the beads are not aligned, and retroreflectivity cannot be obtained. In another improvement, the bead reflection layer is made of a magnetic material, and the direction of the bead reflection layer is aligned by magnetic force. However, the present invention is limited to coating on an object that can be attracted to the coating surface side by magnetic force. In contrast to these prior arts, according to the inventions according to claims 2 to 7 , in the form of the corner cube type micro reflector, no matter how the micro reflector is arranged, the corner cube type facing the main surface side. There is a retroreflective structure, and in the form of a bead-type microreflector, the positional relationship between the focal point and the reflective surface is fixed, and no matter how the microreflector is arranged, it faces the main surface side. since retroreflective structure of bead type there are present, in either form, systematically more is not necessary to apply, yet should be noted and, Ru der those high retroreflective performance can be obtained.

Moreover, according to the usage method as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to claim 8 , the retroreflective member-containing layer and the diffuse reflection layer are laminated, and the retroreflective member has wavelength dependence, Retroreflects and transmits light in the remaining wavelength range including wavelengths that are effective for photosynthesis, so the agricultural and forestry material of the present invention is placed in the vicinity of plants in extreme heat and the retroreflective member containing layer is used as the light receiving surface. If it does, a heat ray will not be irradiated to the nearby plant, and the plant in the extreme heat environment will not be overheated. In addition, since the light in the remaining wavelength range including the wavelength effective for photosynthesis is almost transmitted through the retroreflective member-containing layer and diffusely reflected by the diffuse reflection layer, the photosynthesis of plants in the vicinity can be promoted.

Moreover, according to the usage method as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to claim 9 , since the diffuse reflection layer and the retroreflective member containing layer are laminated and the diffuse reflection layer is a cold mirror layer, If the cold mirror layer is used as a light receiving surface by placing it in the vicinity of the underlying plant, the cold mirror layer diffuses and reflects light including a wavelength effective for photosynthesis. As a result, the photosynthesis of plants in the vicinity is promoted, and the remaining wavelengths that pass through the cold mirror layer are retroreflected by the retroreflective member-containing layer, so that plants in extreme heat do not receive heat rays and prevent transpiration. Since it is not necessary to close the pores, it is possible to further promote the growth of plants in an extremely hot environment.

Moreover, according to the usage method as the agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to claim 10 , it is used by laying in the vicinity of the plant in the tropical region and the dry region, in the vicinity thereof, or in the vicinity of the plant in the temperate region. By using it floating on the water surface in the vicinity of plants in lakes and ponds and paddy fields, it is retroreflected without diverging the energy of sunlight to the surroundings or when it contains a fluorescent agent. So do not overheat the surroundings. As a result, it is possible to suppress the transpiration of the ground and plants, not just the water in lakes and ponds, reduce the need to close or narrow the pores of plants, and grow the plants on the agricultural forest land and water surface Can be promoted.

Moreover, according to the method of use as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to claim 11 , such as the ground in a plant cultivation house in the region from the tropical region to the temperate region, by using it in the vicinity of the plant, Aside from the light irradiated to the plant among the light irradiated in the plant cultivation house, the energy of sunlight is not diffused to the surroundings, or when it contains a fluorescent agent, it is not diffused more than necessary. Because it is retroreflective, it does not overheat the surroundings. As a result, it is possible to suppress the transpiration of water such as the ground and plants, reduce the need to close and narrow the pores of plants, promote plant growth, and reduce temperature control costs can do. Moreover, since the inside of the house is not overheated, the person who works in the plant cultivation house can easily work in the agriculture and forestry.

Moreover, according to the usage method as the agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to claim 12 , since all or most of the heat rays are retroreflected by the light receiving member, the photosynthesis of the plant is present in the plant cultivation house in the extreme heat environment. Only the light necessary for the light enters. Still, although the heat rays are cut, more than half of the solar energy still enters the plant cultivation house, but over time, it is visible to the ground in the plant cultivation house without being irradiated. The energy of the light beam is retroreflected by the retroreflective member without heating the inside of the plant cultivation house, so that the inside of the plant cultivation house is not overheated even in the tropical region. As a result, it is possible to suppress the transpiration of water on the ground and plants, reduce the need to close or narrow the pores of the plant, promote the growth of the plant, and suppress the temperature control cost Is done. At the same time, you can work easily in the plant cultivation house.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional explanatory view schematically showing a schematic configuration of agricultural and forestry materials used in a usage method as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the agricultural and forestry material used for the usage method as agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows typically an example of the usage method as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments which concerns on the 1st and 2nd embodiment of this invention, (b) is a schematic explanatory drawing of another example. . (A) And (b) is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows typically another example outline of the usage method as agricultural and forestry materials for extreme heat environments according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention, respectively. It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows typically still another example of the usage method as the agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the agricultural and forestry material used for the usage method as agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the agricultural and forestry material used for the usage method as agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional explanatory drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the agricultural and forestry material used for the usage method as agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this invention. (A)-(e) is description which shows the schematic structure of the retroreflective member typically used for the usage method as an agricultural and forestry material for intense heat environments which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this invention which is another aspect, respectively. FIG. (A) And (b) is a coating longitudinal section for explaining the retroreflective performance when a micro transparent spherical body having a structure in which the corner cube of the fifth embodiment of the present invention is opened to the outside is applied unevenly FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the one aspect | mode of the agricultural and forestry material used for the usage method as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments which concerns on the 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the one aspect | mode of the agricultural and forestry material used for the usage method as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments which concerns on the 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another aspect of the agricultural and forestry material used for the usage method as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments which concerns on the 8th Embodiment of this invention.

  Below, the usage method as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments which concerns on each embodiment of this invention is demonstrated, referring drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings are schematic and the thicknesses and ratios of the material layers are different from the actual ones. Therefore, specific thicknesses and dimensions should be determined in consideration of the following description and known techniques. Moreover, it is a matter of course that portions having different dimensional relationships and ratios are included between the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 1, the agricultural and forestry material 10 used in the usage method as the agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to the first embodiment is a case where the corner cube prism structure 1 is used as a retroreflective member. The corner cube prism structure 1 includes a heat ray transmitting medium layer 4 and a mirror 5. In the present embodiment, the heat-ray transparent medium layer 4 that has a fluorescent agent 2 is dispersed. A backing layer 6 is preferably formed on the back side of the heat ray transmitting medium layer 4 with the mirror 5 as a boundary.

  In addition to the above configuration, a configuration in which a metal powder is dispersed in the backing layer 6 without providing the mirror 5 may be used.

  The heat ray transmitting medium layer 4 may be any medium that substantially transmits heat rays. Preferably, a medium that substantially transmits all wavelengths is used. Preferably, those having weather resistance and mechanical durability are used, such as resin and glass. Among these, resin is preferable in terms of moldability and flexibility. Examples of the resin include weather-resistant urethane resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, carbonate resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, silicon resin, alkyd resin, chlorine resin, fluorine resin, and polyolefin resin. A resin such as a resin can be used. The optimum content of the fluorescent agent varies depending on the type of the fluorescent agent used, but is generally 0.005 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass in the transparent medium.

  The mirror 5 may be made of a material that can substantially reflect heat rays, but is better if it is a material that can substantially reflect light. Usually, metal is used, and it is preferably formed by vapor deposition or plating, but metal powder dispersed in resin may be used. The reflectivity of the mirror 5 is preferably as high as possible, and is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.

  The fluorescent agent 2 has a function of absorbing light on the short wavelength side and emitting light effective for photosynthesis. When light on the short wavelength side is not effective for photosynthesis, it may be absorbed to make it effective light for photosynthesis, or when light on the short wavelength side itself is also effective for photosynthesis, it will be absorbed. It may increase the effectiveness. Here, the “wavelength effective for photosynthesis” refers to a wavelength that contributes to photosynthesis and varies depending on the type of plant. Strictly speaking, it differs depending on the type of pigment that becomes an optical antenna that absorbs sunlight in the photosynthesis system of the plant, that is, its light absorption characteristics. For example, in photosynthetic eukaryotes such as aquatic plants, a wavelength of about 0.6 to about 0.7 μm, that is, an orange to red wavelength is the most effective wavelength for photosynthesis, and then about 0.4 to about 0.5 μm. The wavelength of blue, i.e., blue to blue-green is an effective wavelength for photosynthesis, and the wavelength of about 0.5 to about 0.6 μm, i.e., the wavelength of green to yellow is a wavelength that can be used for photosynthesis, but is inefficient. It is known that the wavelength of ultraviolet rays of 0.4 μm or less is not only ineffective in photosynthesis but also inhibits plant growth. In this example, it may be a fluorescent agent that absorbs light of less than about 0.4 μm and converts it to light of about 0.4 to about 0.7 μm, or less than about 0.4 μm or about 0.5 It may be a fluorescent agent that absorbs light of about 0.6 μm and converts it into light of about 0.6 to about 0.7 μm.

  As the fluorescent agent, known inorganic or organic fluorescent pigments, fluorescent dyes and the like can be used. Among them, a fluorescent pigment having a light emission peak wavelength of 0.42 to 0.55 μm or 0.6 to 0.7 μm is preferably used. This is because light having a wavelength of about 0.42 to about 0.55 μm is mainly involved in the photosynthesis of plants to promote leaf growth, and light having a wavelength of about 0.6 to about 0.7 μm This is because it is involved in the photosynthesis of the plant and mainly promotes real growth. Among them, those having a high reflectance are preferable. For example, NKP-4002 which is a fluorescent green pigment (emission peak is about 0.51 μm, reflectance 138) is a fluorescent green pigment having a light emission peak at a wavelength of 0.42 to 0.55 μm. %), Fluorescent green pigment NKP-4005 (emission peak about 0.512 μm, reflectance 140%) and the like, and those having an emission peak at a wavelength of 0.6 to 0.7 μm include fluorescent red pigments NKP-4003 (emission peak of about 0.605 μm, reflectance of 203%) (all are trade names manufactured by Nippon Fluorescent Chemical Co., Ltd.). Examples of fluorescent dyes include violanthrone dyes, isoviolanthrone dyes, vilantron dyes, flavantron dyes, perylene dyes, bilene dyes and other polycyclic dyes, xanthene dyes, and thioxanthene dyes. Examples thereof include dyes, naphthalimide dyes, naphtholactam dyes, anthraquinone dyes, benzoanthrone dyes, and coumarin dyes. Furthermore, an inorganic fluorescent agent using a quantum effect called a quantum dot can also be used.

The location of fluorescent agents, anywhere may if position can be a synchrotron radiation side. Specifically, it is dispersed in the heat ray transmitting medium layer 4 constituting the retroreflective member or applied to the surface of the retroreflective member. In the figure, an example of dispersion in the heat ray transmitting medium layer 4 is shown, but when there is another transparent medium layer, it may be contained in that layer or applied to the surface of the heat ray transmitting medium layer 4. Also good.

  The backing layer 6 is provided because the back surface of the heat ray transmitting medium layer 4 having the corner cube prism structure 1 is uneven, so that dust and the like are easily attached, and are easily caught and torn during handling. Depending on the situation, it may not be necessary. Therefore, the backing layer 6 does not need to be transparent and can be made of a resin or the like.

  The agricultural and forestry material 10 for extreme heat environment can be molded by a resin molding technique or a glass molding technique that is usually employed. For example, in the case where the heat ray transmitting medium layer 4 is a resin, a heat ray transmitting resin composition in which the fluorescent agent 2 is dispersed is formed into a molded product having a shape that can take the corner cube prism structure 1 by pressing. A mirror 5 serving as a reflection surface is provided on a portion having a shape that can take the cube prism structure 1 by, for example, aluminum vapor deposition or plating, and the resin constituting the backing layer 6 is poured into the portion. Alternatively, the backing layer may first be made of a metal powder-containing resin, and a heat ray transmitting resin containing a fluorescent agent may be poured into the upper portion thereof to produce the agricultural and forestry material 10 for extreme heat environment.

  Next, the effect | action of the agricultural and forestry material 10 for extreme heat environments which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, among the light rays 7 that have entered the agricultural and forestry material 10 for extreme heat environment, those that are directly incident on the corner cube prism structure mirror 5 without being incident on the fluorescent agent 2 are mirrors 5. As long as the reflected light is not absorbed by the fluorescent agent 2, it is retroreflected by the corner cube prism structure 1, so that it does not heat nearby plants or the ground. Further, light incident on the fluorescent agent 2 before or after the incident light is reflected by the mirror 5 absorbs light on the short wavelength side and emits light effective for photosynthesis in all directions of the fluorescent agent 2. As a result, it has the effect of promoting photosynthesis of plants in the vicinity of the agricultural and forestry material 10 for extreme heat environment.

[Second Embodiment]
The agricultural and forestry material 20 used in the method of use as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to the second embodiment is the first in that the retroreflective member is a bead structure 21 instead of the corner cube prism structure 1 of the first embodiment. Different from the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the agricultural and forestry material 20 for extreme heat environment includes a heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 in which a fluorescent agent 2 that emits light effective for photosynthesis is dispersed, a light reflecting layer 23, a fixing layer 24, and a backing layer 25. The heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 is laid substantially densely so that a part thereof is buried and fixed in the light reflecting layer 23 and the fixing layer 24 and the rest is exposed from the fixing layer 24. Is formed. Further, a part of the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 may not be exposed from the fixing layer 24 and may be covered with a thin heat ray transmitting body.

  Among these, the refractive index and size of the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 are selected so that the position of the focal point of the incident light and the reflection position are matched as much as possible, and the retroreflectance is 50% or more. The material is the same as that used for the heat ray transmitting medium layer 4 and is made of glass, ceramics or heat ray transmitting resin. In the case of ceramics, only the surface may be made of ceramics and the inside may be made of a transparent material. . As the size and refractive index, those having an average particle diameter of 70 to 150 μm and a refractive index (n) of 1.8 to 2.0 are preferably used. Furthermore, the average particle diameter of the heat ray transmitting spheres is such that the retroreflective property, the discharge stability and the fixing efficiency of the heat ray transmitting spheres in the process of forming the heat ray transmitting spheres, and the process of forming the heat ray transmitting spheres are the paint In consideration of the non-peelability and non-detachment property from the coating film in the case of the above, a more suitable range can be set.

  The light reflecting layer 23 is laminated with the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 directly or via a focal resin layer (focal layer). Among these, the focus resin layer is interposed in order to prevent a decrease in reflectivity when the incident angle increases, and a method as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-27402, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-101304, or the like. Examples include a method of forming a transparent layer with a uniform thickness, a method of coating a resin coating with powder and then heat-treating, a method of randomizing the thickness of the focal resin layer as shown in Japanese Patent No. 3723568, etc. Is done. Moreover, as what is directly laminated | stacked, it consists of a heat ray transparent resin composition containing a metal powder pigment, for example. In this case, the heat ray transmissive resin preferably has excellent adhesion and a certain degree of weather resistance and mechanical durability. For example, weather resistant urethane resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, carbonate resin, polyester resin Resins such as resin, epoxy resin, silicon resin, alkyd resin, chlorine resin, fluorine resin, and polyolefin resin can be used. Of these, weather-resistant urethane resins and methacrylic resins are particularly suitable from the viewpoints of adhesion, weather resistance, economy, and the like. As the metal powder pigment contained in the resin of the light reflecting layer 23, a pigment obtained by powdering a foil of aluminum, copper, tin, silver, or the like can be used. It is optimum that the concentration is 20 to 40% by mass ratio with respect to the reflecting layer in a solid state. The metal powder is preferably a powdered foil, but is not particularly limited as long as it has light reflectivity, and may be in a particulate form that is difficult to say as a powder. Further, instead of the metal powder, white or a bead having a mirror surface may be used, and any bead may be used as long as it can reflect light. Another example is a metal-deposited surface including at least the interface between the light reflecting layer 23 and the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22. Further, reflection at an interface having a different refractive index may be used by using a material having a refractive index lower than that of the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22. Air can also be used as a material having a low refractive index. The thickness of the light reflection layer 23 is most reflective when the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 is embedded to the bottom of the light reflection layer 23 or near the bottom, and about 30 to 50% of the lower surface thereof is in contact with the light reflection layer 23. For example, when the average particle diameter of the heat ray transmitting spherical body is set to 70 to 150 μm, the thickness of the light reflecting layer is preferably set to 40 to 60 μm.

  The fixing layer 24 is made of a resin or a resin composition. Among these, the resin constituting the fixing layer 24 is preferably one having excellent weather resistance, yellowing resistance, choking resistance and handling resistance, and particularly weather resistant urethane resin or methacrylic resin is preferable. The thickness of the fixing layer 24 is, for example, that the average particle diameter of the heat ray transmitting spheres is reduced from the balance between preventing the heat ray transmissive spheres 22 from falling off the coating film and increasing the retroreflective effect as the exposed area increases. When the thickness is 70 to 150 μm, the thickness of the fixing layer is preferably 40 to 60 μm. Examples of components other than the resin constituting the resin composition include colorants and stabilizers.

The location of fluorescent agents may anywhere in position can be a synchrotron radiation side. Specifically, it is dispersed in a heat ray transmitting medium constituting the retroreflective member or applied to the surface of the retroreflective member. Although it is dispersed in the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 in the figure, it is not dispersed in the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 but may be dispersed in the fixing layer 24 or may be dispersed in both. However, it may be dispersed in a heat ray transmitting resin coated or laminated so as to cover the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 or the fixing layer 24. Moreover, you may apply | coat to the surface in any one of the said layer.

  The backing layer 26 is provided to protect the back surface of the light reflecting layer 23, and has a surface slightly different in purpose from the backing layer 6 in the first embodiment, but generally has the same meaning as the backing layer 6. There are similar ones. That is, like the backing layer 6, it is not essential, but it is preferable to provide it. When provided, the backing layer 26 does not need to be transparent, and can be made of a resin or the like.

  As with the extreme heat environment agricultural and forestry material 10, the heat processing agricultural and forestry material 20 can adopt molding processing technology such as resin processing technology, glass processing technology, and ceramic processing technology. For example, the retroreflective coating film containing the fluorescent agent 2 can be efficiently formed by a relatively simple process, and other layers can be formed by coating, so the process of forming the light reflection layer 23; By performing the process of forming the fixing layer 24 and the process of forming the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 sequentially in this order, it is possible to easily manufacture the agricultural and forestry material 20 for extreme heat environment. More specifically, for example, first, a heat ray transmitting resin paint containing a metal powder pigment, preferably aluminum powder, is applied to the surface of the substrate whose base layer is to be the backing layer 26 to obtain a suitable thickness. The reflective layer 23 is formed. Next, after the coating film for forming the light reflecting layer 23 is allowed to stand for a predetermined time and the viscosity reaches a predetermined value, a resin coating is applied to form a fixing layer 24 having a suitable thickness. Although the coating method of said each process is not specifically limited, It is preferable to use the method by which control of the coating film thickness is easy, for example, an air spray method or an electrostatic coating method. By adjusting the supply speed and the coating time of the paint by such a method, a coating film having a predetermined film thickness can be easily formed. Next, after the coating film for forming the fixing layer 24 is allowed to stand for a predetermined time and the viscosity becomes a predetermined value, the transparent spherical body 22 having a predetermined average particle diameter and a predetermined refractive index is used, for example, an air blast method or The heat ray transmitting spherical body layer 22 in which the fluorescent agent 2 is dispersed is formed by an electrostatic powder coating method. If the spherical heat ray transmitting body is sprayed by such a method in a state where the viscosity of the coating film is appropriate, the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 penetrates to the bottom of the light reflecting layer 23 or near the bottom and is fixed. The heat ray transmitting spheres stacked in two or more layers can be easily removed because they are not bonded with resin paint, and the heat ray transmitting sphere layer 22 can be formed so as to be densely layered. . Instead of coating all layers as described above, some of them may be molded. As such, the light reflecting layer 23 and the backing layer 26 may be a film or a sheet, and the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22 and the fixing layer 24 may be in the form of paint. As long as it is such a molded product, it may have only the light reflecting layer 23 without the backing layer.

  Next, the effect | action of the agricultural and forestry material 20 for intense heat environments is demonstrated. When a different point from the case of the agricultural and forestry material 10 for extreme heat environment is mentioned, among the light 7 irradiated to the agricultural and forestry material 20 for extreme heat environment, what did not collide with the fluorescent agent 2 is a heat ray transmitting spherical shape as shown in FIG. It enters the body 22, is reflected at the interface with the light reflection layer 23 or in the vicinity thereof, and is retroreflected. On the other hand, what collides with the fluorescent agent 2 is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  Next, the usage method of the agricultural and forest materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environment which concerns on 1st or 2nd embodiment is demonstrated according to FIGS. In the figure, large arrows indicate incident / reflected sunlight, and small arrows indicate light effective for photosynthesis. FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of agricultural and forestry materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environment in the vicinity of the root side of the plant. Among these, FIG. 3 (a) shows the agricultural and forestry materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environment in the vicinity of the root side of the plant P, and the reflected light side from the corner cube prism structure 1 or the bead type structure 21 is the leaf side of the plant. It is aimed at. In such a method of use, since the ground and the like are not overheated, it is possible to prevent the ground and the like from drying and rising in temperature. The intense heat environment agricultural and forestry material 10 may be directly laid on the ground between plants, or may be arranged in parallel with the ground or the like with a larger portion of the ground or the like slightly lifted. In the latter case, leg portions for contacting the ground or the like are provided at the places of the backing layers 6 and 26. Moreover, in any case, as a shape, an arbitrary shape such as a sheet, a film, a block, etc. is taken. For example, in the case of a sheet, holes are made in some places, and the size of the holes takes into account future growth. The size of the stem and trunk of the plant may be used, and a large sheet in which plant seeds or seedlings are planted in the holes may be used, or a plurality of smaller sheets may be laid around the plant. Moreover, not only the shape of a sheet | seat but the opening part used as many through-holes for allowing permeability and rain water to permeate | transmit to the agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments may be provided. Here, the “leaf side of the plant” is not a botanical meaning, but a plant part where a large number of pigments serving as an optical antenna that absorbs sunlight in the photosynthesis system of the plant is representatively described. Therefore, depending on the plant, it is a leaf or stem, and in some cases the whole plant. Similarly, “plant root side” is a representative description of the part of the opposite side of the incident direction of sunlight on the plant that has a small amount of pigment that becomes an optical antenna that absorbs sunlight. Means the part opposite to the incident direction of sunlight on the plant.

  FIG.3 (b) is the case which has arrange | positioned the agricultural forest materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environments in the position where the land near the root side of a plant is lower than the root of a plant. Typically, the ground on which plants are planted is opened in rows of valleys (concave L) and mountains (convex H), plants are on the mountains (convex H), and agricultural and forestry materials are used in extreme heat environments in the valleys (concave L). 10 and 20 are laid. In the method of use of this type, the light having a wavelength effective for photosynthesis is more irradiated to the plant than in FIG. 3A, so that the photosynthesis of the plant and thus the growth of the plant is further promoted, thereby further efficiently. Plants can be cultivated.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram in which agricultural and forestry materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environment are arranged in the vicinity of the leaf side of the plant P. Of these, FIG. The farming forest materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environment are installed in a tarp shape or a curtain shape with one end in contact with the ground and the other end higher than the ground. FIG. 4B shows the agricultural and forestry materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environment standing on the side surface in the vicinity of the plant P. Even in these cases, the light that has not been absorbed by the fluorescent agent among the reflected light from the agricultural and forestry materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environment is retroreflected, and thus returns to the incident direction without irradiating the plant P. In addition, the light absorbed by the fluorescent agent is emitted to the plant and promotes the growth of the plant. In this case, the form of the agricultural and forestry materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environment is an arbitrary shape such as a sheet, a film, a panel, and a pillar. When the shape itself cannot be erected, for example, a fence, a fence, a lattice, a wall, a moat It is used by being installed so as to be attached to a structure such as a pillar, a door, a curtain, or a partition block.

  FIG. 5 shows that the agricultural and forestry materials 10 and 20 for extreme heat environment are arranged in the vicinity of the root side of the plant P as in FIG. 3A, and water injection pipes (or at regular intervals) are provided on the back side thereof. Water sprinkling pipe) Q pours or sprinkles water on the ground. In the method of use of this embodiment, the endothermic heat of the agricultural and forestry materials 10 and 20 for the extremely hot environment is remarkably small due to the retroreflective effect of the agricultural and forestry materials 10 and 20 for the extremely hot environment. Water that has been poured or sprinkled on the ground can be prevented from transpiration, the use of wasted water can be greatly suppressed, and water can be effectively supplied to the plant P.

[Third Embodiment]
Next, the agricultural and forestry material 30 used in the usage method as the agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The agricultural and forestry material 30 for extreme heat environment is a heat ray reflecting mirror 35 instead of the mirror 5 of the first embodiment, and a transparent medium layer 14 instead of the heat ray transmitting medium layer 4. That is, the transparent medium layer 14 which is one element forming the corner cube prism structure 31, the heat ray reflecting mirror 35 which is another element constituting the corner cube prism structure, and the light on the short wavelength side are absorbed and used for photosynthesis. whether a fluorescent agent 2 that emits effective light is dispersed, Ru der those composed of the backing layer 36. which is applied to the surface.

  Of these, the heat ray reflecting mirror 35 retroreflects the heat rays and transmits light in the remaining wavelength region including wavelengths useful for photosynthesis. The heat ray reflecting mirror 35 is formed by forming a metal oxide having a heat ray reflecting function by sputtering sputtering of ITO or a composition in which a metal oxide powder having a heat ray reflecting function is dispersed in a transparent resin as a layered molded product. It can be manufactured by a method of laminating with the medium layer 14.

  When the fluorescent agent 2 that absorbs light on the short wavelength side and emits light effective for photosynthesis is included, it may be provided on the light reflecting side of the retroreflective member, but as shown in FIG. It is more preferable that it is provided on the light side because the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescent agent can be irradiated to the plant more efficiently. Although the figure shows the case where it is dispersed in the transmitted light side transparent medium, it may be applied to the surface of the transmitted transparent medium.

  In the present embodiment, the transparent medium layer 14 may not be provided. However, when there is no transparent medium layer 14, as in 6 of the first embodiment, the light-receiving surface side of the agricultural and forestry material 20 for extreme heat environment is uneven, so that dust is likely to adhere to it, and it is easily caught and torn during handling. Therefore, the transparent medium layer 14 is provided, and may be omitted depending on the situation.

  Next, the action of the agricultural and forestry material 30 for extreme heat environment according to the present embodiment and the usage method thereof will be described with reference to FIG. In this case, the agricultural and forestry material 30 for extreme heat environment is placed between the light source and the plant, or is applied or laminated on a structure in the vicinity of the plant. Among these, since the latter is later mentioned in 6th Embodiment, the former is demonstrated below based on FIG. The light 7 irradiated to the agricultural / forestry material 30 for extreme heat environment from the upper side of the drawing is substantially reflected retroreflected by the reflection part of the corner cube prism structure 31, and the light 7b in the remaining wavelength region including the wavelength useful for photosynthesis is obtained. Since it is generally transmitted, the heat ray 7a is not irradiated to the plant. In addition, among the light 7b in the remaining wavelength region including a wavelength useful for photosynthesis typified by visible light, the light absorbed by the fluorescent agent 2 and emitted in all directions is irradiated onto the plant. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the drying of the land and plants and the temperature rise, and to promote the photosynthesis of the plants and thus the growth of the plants. In the case of this embodiment, the agricultural and forestry material 30 for extreme heat environment is a light receiving member such as a plant cultivation house window material, a roofing material, a light condensing part such as a heliostat or a Fresnel lens, etc. By using a receiver that is placed in the process of receiving light from the light collecting part of the house and taking it into the plant cultivation house, the inside of a conventional plastic house becomes hot like a steam bath due to the heat of sunlight or an artificial light source. On the other hand, without causing such heat, or depending on the location, the load of the air conditioning equipment can be greatly reduced, and comfortable agriculture and horticulture can be performed. It should be noted that it is preferable not to use the fluorescent agent 2 when it is used for a light collecting part of a plant cultivation house or a receiver. This is because when the fluorescent agent 2 is used, the fluorescent agent emits fluorescence in all directions at this stage, so that the ratio of the emitted fluorescence to the cultivation room is reduced. Rather, for example, by making the dome-shaped wall material and flooring material of a plant cultivation house into a mirror surface coated with a fluorescent agent, the light from which the heat rays have been removed is reflected between the dome-shaped wall and the mirror surface of the floor. It is more effective to adopt a system that is always reflected as a useful light to reach the plants that are reflected in the dome shape.

[Fourth Embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 7, the agricultural and forestry material 40 used in the usage method as the agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to the fourth embodiment is a heat ray reflective layer 43 instead of the light reflective layer 23 of the second embodiment. The transparent spherical body 42 is used instead of the heat ray transmitting spherical body 22. As a result, the heat rays are retroreflected, and light in the remaining wavelength region including wavelengths useful for photosynthesis is generally transmitted. That is, it comprises a transparent spherical body 42 in which a fluorescent agent 2 that absorbs light on the short wavelength side and emits light effective for photosynthesis is dispersed, a heat ray reflective layer 43, a fixing layer 24, and a transparent backing layer 46. Has been. Of these, the heat ray reflective layer 43 is similar in material to the heat ray reflective mirror 35 of the third embodiment, retroreflects heat rays, and emits light in the remaining wavelength region including wavelengths useful for photosynthesis. Although almost transparent, the shape is different as shown. The transparent backing layer 46 is the same as the backing layer 26 except that it is transparent. 7 shows an example in which the fluorescent agent 2 is dispersed in the transparent spherical body 42. However, the fluorescent agent 2 may be dispersed in the transparent backing layer 46, the heat ray reflective layer 43, or the fixing layer 24. You may make it apply | coat to the surface of at least any one of these layers. Among them, when the fluorescent agent scatters sunlight, a form in which the fluorescent agent is applied to the surface of the transparent backing layer 46, particularly the surface on the radiation side is preferable.

  Next, the effect | action of the agricultural-forest material 40 for this extreme heat environment is demonstrated. In the case of this embodiment, as in the case of the agricultural / forestry material for extreme heat environment 30, it is placed between the light source and the plant, or is applied or laminated on a structure in the vicinity of the plant. This has the same effect as the case of 30. Among these, since the latter is later mentioned in 6th Embodiment, the former is demonstrated below based on FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the sunlight 7 irradiated to the agricultural and forestry material 40 for extreme heat environment passes through the transparent sphere 42, and the heat ray 7 a is the interface between the transparent sphere 42 and the heat ray reflective layer 43 or its Since it is reflected recursively in the vicinity, it does not irradiate the plant. On the other hand, the light in the remaining wavelength region 7b including the wavelength useful for photosynthesis is almost transmitted, and a part of the light is absorbed by the fluorescent agent 2 so that the light on the short wavelength side is absorbed, and the light becomes effective or more effective for photosynthesis. Since it is converted and radiated in all directions, a part of the plant is irradiated to nearby plants. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the drying of the land and the plant and the temperature rise, and promote the photosynthesis of the plant and thus the growth of the plant. In the case of this embodiment, as in the third embodiment, a light receiving member such as a window material or roof material of a plant cultivation house, or a light collecting part of the plant cultivation house, for example, receiving light from a heliostat. It can be used for receivers that are placed in the process of incorporating into plant cultivation houses.

[Fifth Embodiment]
The agricultural and forestry material 50 used in the method of use as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to the fifth embodiment is in the form of ink or paint as shown in FIG. And a fluorescent agent 2 that absorbs light on the short wavelength side and emits light effective for photosynthesis is a solvent 54 that dissolves a heat ray transmitting resin or a transparent resin and, if necessary, a binder. A large number of them are dispersed in each. Among these, when the retroreflection of the microreflector 51 having the retroreflective structure is one that retroreflects both heat rays and visible rays, a heat ray transmitting resin, preferably a transparent resin is used, and the microreflector having the retroreflective structure is used. When the 51 retroreflection selectively retroreflects heat rays and transmits visible light, a transparent resin is used. In the following description, for the sake of simplicity, the above-described relationship is simply described as “heat ray transmitting resin or transparent resin” or similar expressions. Incidentally, Gayo physician who is fluorescent agent 2 contained usually. The paint may be a powder paint without using a solvent.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the micro-reflector 51 having a retroreflective structure is composed of four or more individual retroreflective structures that are symmetrical or substantially symmetric as a whole, or individual that exhibits a retroreflective structure. Three or more are connected to form both front and back surfaces to form a flat plate or a substantially flat plate. Among these, the former example is shown in FIGS. 9A to 9C, and the latter example is shown in FIGS. 9D and 9E. 9A, 9B and 9E show the retroreflective structure derived from the corner cube structure, and FIGS. 9C and 9D show the bead type structure. In the figure, (a) is a perspective view of a structure in which the reflecting surfaces of eight corner cube mirrors are bonded to each other and the corner cube is opened to the outside, the left is a spherical body, the right is a symmetrical quadrangular pyramid, and (b) is (a) (C), (d) are a number of beads arranged around the light reflector, (c) is a cross-sectional view, (d) is the left Is a top view, and the right is a cross-sectional view along the line aa ′. (E) The figure on the right is a top view of a large number of retroreflective mirror sheets in which the sides of one corner cube mirror shown in the top view on the left are joined, and the figure on the right shows its bb FIG. In these figures, the broken lines in (a) and (b) are hidden by the shadow of the mirror and cannot be seen directly, or they appear to be deformed by the refractive index of the heat ray transmitting resin or transparent resin. It is a valley fold line, and the intersection of broken lines is the valley bottom. Further, the solid line in (e) is a mountain fold line (ridge line) and at the same time, and the intersection of the solid lines is the apex.

  Hereafter, it demonstrates in detail with reference to these figures. First, what is shown on the left side of FIG. 9 (a) is an ultra-fine reflector 55, which is eight corner cube mirrors, and is not actually a sphere, but from a seemingly spherical wall and floor. Similarly, the right side is not a symmetrical quadrangular pyramid, but the right side is a minute reflecting body 51 of a structural body composed of a seemingly symmetrical quadrilateral pyramid-like wall and floor. The wavy line in the figure indicates a part that is hidden behind the mirror and cannot be seen directly, and the solid line is a line that can be seen directly. As shown in FIG. 9A, when the corner cube structure is used, eight is optimal. If the number is 8, the corner cube structure can be taken as it is because the wall has a 90-degree corner, but if the value is 4 or more, it is difficult to place, and there is a gap between the corner cube and the corner cube. This is because the ratio of the open area of the retroreflective structure to the coating layer area decreases. In the present invention, even if there is a gap between the corner cubes formed from four or more of these, the retroreflective property can be obtained approximately regardless of the application as long as it is integrated. Absent. In the present invention, such meanings and those mentioned below are referred to as substantially symmetrical. On the other hand, in the case of a micro reflector composed of 1 to 3 ultra-fine reflectors, the direction of the retroreflective structure of the micro-reflectors tends to be aligned when applied as a paint or ink in which a large number of micro-reflectors are dispersed. This is because it is not preferable because it is not isotropic or substantially isotropic. Here, by using a heat ray reflecting mirror instead of the mirror in the corner cube structure, the heat ray can be retroreflected, and a selective retroreflector that transmits visible light can be obtained. FIG. 9B shows an example in which a corner prism is used instead of the corner cube mirror of FIG. FIG. 9B is obtained by filling the opening of FIG. 9A with the heat ray transmitting resin or the transparent resin 56, and any of them can be created by, for example, pressing. The wavy line in FIG. 9B indicates a line that appears to be deformed by the refractive index of the heat ray transmitting resin or the transparent resin 56, and the solid line is a line that can be directly viewed. 9A and 9B, it can be said that four or more ultra-fine reflectors 55 having a retroreflective structure are integrally or substantially symmetrical. It can also be said that the ultra-fine reflectors having a retroreflective structure are arranged radially.

9 (c) and 9 (d), the micro reflector 51 having a retroreflective structure is in the form of a microbead, and FIG. 9 (c) is a cross-sectional view. This figure is both a transverse sectional view and a longitudinal sectional view. Or small reflector central portion 53 and has a lower refractive index than its surrounding, light reflecting member, for example, a tree fat obtained by dispersing metal powders, reflecting surface made of the core of reflective material hence Thus, an ultra-fine heat ray transmitting spherical body or an ultra-fine transparent spherical body 52 is arranged around it. This form is a symmetric body showing this shape regardless of the cross section, and the micro reflector 51 is isotropically retroreflective when viewed from any direction. FIG. 9D shows another embodiment, the left view thereof is a top view, and the right view is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line aa ′ of the left view. The micro-reflector central portion 53 has a lower refractive index than its surroundings, and therefore forms a reflective surface, and an ultra-fine heat ray transmitting sphere or ultra-fine transparent sphere 52 is disposed above and below it. It is. In the case of this form, the microreflector central portion 53 having a low refractive index is a plate-like body having a wide surface in one direction. 9C and 9D show a form in which the ultrafine heat ray transmitting spherical body or the ultrafine transparent spherical body 52 is arranged around the core of the reflecting material, of which FIG. A three-dimensional symmetric body or a three-dimensional substantially symmetric body. When the number of ultrafine heat ray transmitting spheres or ultrafine transparent spheres 52 is small, the symmetric body is obtained. When the number is increased, the symmetric body is obtained. FIG. 9D is a flat plate and can be said to be a two-dimensional symmetric body.

The microreflector 51 having a retroreflective structure takes the form of a microbead, in addition to the one shown in FIGS. 9 (c) and 9 (d), expressed in technical terms used in the stereochemistry of coordination compounds. Can take structure. It has a structure in which the central part 53 of the reflector, which is the core of the reflector, is regarded as the mononuclear of the mononuclear complex, and the ultrafine heat ray transmitting sphere or ultrafine transparent sphere 52 is regarded as the ligand of the mononuclear complex. is there. For example , the three-sided bipyramidal type has a structure in which three ligands are arranged in a triangle and one ligand is arranged above and below the center of gravity. The number of the transparent spherical bodies 52 is five, and the core, that is, the minute reflector central portion 53 that is the core of the reflector is arranged at the center of gravity of the ligands arranged in a triangle. The quadrangular pyramid type has a structure in which four ligands are arranged in a square and one ligand is arranged at the top of the center of gravity, and is five-coordinated, that is, an ultrafine heat ray transmitting sphere or ultrafine transparent sphere. There are five 52, and a core, that is, a core 53 of a reflecting material is arranged so as to be sandwiched between a squarely arranged ligand and an upper one ligand. In addition, the triangular prism type has 6 ligands because there is a ligand at each vertex of the triangular prism and a nucleus is arranged at the center of gravity. Thus, if it is four, it is a tetrahedron structure, if it is five, it is a three-way bipyramidal type or a tetragonal pyramid type, if it is six, it is an octahedron type, a triangular prism type, if it is seven, it is a five-way If there are 8 types, such as a pyramidal type, a single-sided crown octahedron type, a quadrangular one-crown triangular prism type, etc., a cubic type, a quadrilateral inverted prism type, a dodecahedron type, a hexagonal bipyramidal type, a transformer dihedral crown octahedron type, a triangle If there are nine such as a two-sided triangular prism type and a four-sided triangular prism type, a quadrilateral three-crown triangular prism type, a seven-way double spindle type, etc. are exemplified, and a soccer ball type like a fullerene may be used. As described above, when the number is four or more, a structure having some symmetry is obtained, and when the number is eight or more, there are many structures having symmetry. Since the ultra-fine heat ray transmitting spherical body or the ultra-fine transparent spherical body 52 may be disposed around the resin that becomes the core 53 that is responsible for reflection, it is necessary to be disposed mathematically with high symmetry as described above. However, the symmetry may be distorted as long as the ultrafine heat ray transmitting spherical body or the ultrafine transparent spherical body 52 is disposed around the core 53 of the reflecting material. Including this meaning, it is called “symmetric or substantially symmetrical” in the present invention. Therefore, there are those having four or more ultra-fine heat ray transmitting spheres or ultra-fine transparent spheres 52 around the center part 53 of the micro reflector and having a retroreflective structure isotropically or substantially isotropic. Can be mentioned. As described above, the ultrafine heat ray transmitting sphere or ultrafine heat transmission sphere or ultrafine transparent sphere 52 each having a retroreflective structure is assembled to form a symmetric or substantially symmetrical shape as a unit. The number of small transparent spherical bodies 52 is 4 or more, preferably 8 or more.

  FIG. 9E is a plan view of another embodiment, in which three or more sides of one corner cube mirror shown in the top view on the left side of FIG. Each is constituted as a substantially flat micro-reflector. A top view thereof is shown on the right side of FIG. 9 (e), and a cross-sectional view taken along the line bb 'is shown on the lower side. Here, the solid line in the figure is a mountain fold line (ridge line), which is in the same plane, and the wavy line is a valley fold line. In the present invention, such a shape is called a substantially flat plate. In this embodiment, in order to prevent cracking, either or both of the front surface and the back surface may be lined with a transparent member.

  The size of the micro reflector 51 having a retroreflective structure is preferably 10 μm to 5 mm, and more preferably 20 μm to 1 mm. This is because if it is smaller than 10 μm, it approaches the wavelength of incident light and light is scattered, and if it is larger than 5 mm, it becomes difficult to apply.

  These minute reflectors 51 can be manufactured by a known ultra-precise mold by press molding or injection molding, and in some cases, by a normal resin molding technique. Among these, a form like FIG.9 (e) is obtained by press-molding the resin film which disperse | distributed metal particles, such as aluminum, for example, or conversely press-molding, and vapor-depositing. Since this method is roll-to-roll, mass production performance is high. If you want to make a thin sheet, the size of the corner cube must be reduced accordingly, so an ultra-precision mold made with micro technology is required, but if it is a thick sheet or panel shape Since it is not necessary to use an ultra-precision mold, manufacturing is easy. For example, a silver camping sheet having a thickness of about 3 mm or a silver camping mat having a thickness of about 8 mm can be easily manufactured by applying a fluorescent paint in a corner cube structure. It floats on the water and has heat insulation properties, so it can be used floating on the surface of the water in the cultivation house under extreme heat, and the inside is insulated to avoid the effects of hot air from the desert. It can be used for a structural material of a hollow body. In addition, when retroreflecting heat rays and transmitting visible light, press or injection mold with an ultra-precision mold using a resin material in which a member that selectively reflects heat rays such as ITO is dispersed, or transparent resin It can be obtained by depositing ITO etc. after making the shape. Of the corner cube-type micro retroreflectors, the flat plate type has few problems of releasability, but the isotropic type has a shape that is not good for releasability, so it is designed to improve releasability. is necessary. One method is to open the corner cube at a slight angle. Another method is a method of applying vibration such as ultrasonic waves at the time of mold release. Yet another method is a method of lowering the temperature at the time of mold release than at the time of pressing and making the mold release easier by using the difference in thermal expansion coefficient.

  The transparent resin and the heat ray transmissive resin contained together with the micro reflector 51 in the ink or paint used as the agricultural and forestry material 50 for extreme heat environment according to the present embodiment are the heat ray transmissive resins described in the first and second embodiments, respectively. The transparent resin described in the third and fourth embodiments is used.

  When the transparent resin or the heat ray transmitting resin does not have adhesiveness to the micro-reflector 51, the binder or the like is further included in the ink or paint that becomes the agricultural and forestry material 50 for extreme heat environment according to the embodiment of the present invention. As the binder, any binder can be used as long as it has adhesiveness without significantly impairing the transparency of the coating film, but a binder having durability and weather resistance is preferably used. Examples thereof include urethane adhesives, novolac adhesives, acrylic adhesives, alkyd resins, fluorine adhesives, and epoxy adhesives. It can also be used in combination with a crosslinking agent such as an amino resin or a blocked polyisocyanate resin.

  In addition to the powder paint, a solvent is used for the ink or paint of the present embodiment. The solvent may be anything as long as it dissolves the transparent resin or heat ray transmitting resin and the binder when the binder is included. For example, mineral spirits, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, octane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, perchlorethylene, trichloroethylene, Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol and n-butanol, ketones such as n-propanone and 2-butanone, esters such as ethyl acetate and propyl acetate, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and ethylpropyl ether And other turpentine oils. Moreover, the said solvent can be used individually or in mixture of 2 or more types.

The composition of the ink or paint of the present embodiment is 20 to 90% by mass of a micro-reflector having a retroreflective structure in the total amount excluding the solvent, and approximately 0.005 to 3% by mass when a fluorescent agent is contained. Preferably, a blending amount of about 0.01 to 0.5% by mass and a transparent resin or heat ray transmitting resin that fills the voids of the micro-reflector, and if necessary, the binder as the remaining amount is preferable. In addition, other color pigments, dyes, various additives, and the like can be added to the paint or ink of the present invention as necessary. Further, water may be added. In this case a limit that does not interfere with clear or dissolution of the heat ray permeable oyster fat. Various additives include, for example, ultraviolet absorbers, thickeners, static eliminating agents, dispersants, antioxidants, polishes, surfactants, synthetic preservatives, lubricants, plasticizers, curing agents, fillers ( Reinforcing agent), wax and the like.

  As a method of applying the paint or ink that will be the agricultural and forestry material 50 for the extreme heat environment of the present embodiment, a known method can be adopted, for example, brush coating method, spray method, doctor blade method, roll coater method, bar coater method Etc. The base material as the coating material of the paint or ink to be the agricultural and forestry material 50 for extreme heat environment is not particularly limited as long as it is a planting structure or a member. For example, a fence, a lattice, a wall, a moat, a pillar, a door, Any structure in the vicinity of a plant such as a curtain, a partition block, a pipe, a film member, a sheet member, a plant cultivation table, a fence, or a wood chip can be suitably used. Further, the material of the planting structure that is a base material as the object to be coated is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known material can be used. For example, ceramics, glass, cement, concrete, etc. Examples include inorganic materials, plastic materials such as natural resins and synthetic resins, metals, wood, and paper.

  When the total reflection mirror is used as the reflection surface of the micro reflector 51 as the agricultural and forestry material 50 for the extreme heat environment according to the present embodiment, the micro reflector having the retroreflective structure of the present embodiment, and the gap between the micro reflectors What is applied to the main surface of the planting structure with a heat ray transmitting resin to fill, and if necessary, an ink or paint containing a binder, a solvent, and a fluorescent agent is the first and second embodiments. Similar functions are provided. On the other hand, when a heat ray reflecting mirror is used for the reflecting surface of the minute reflector 51 and the periphery thereof is made of transparent resin, the same functions as those in the third and fourth embodiments are given.

  This embodiment is characterized in that the retroreflective function is imparted to the agricultural and forestry materials for extreme heat environment, regardless of the orientation of the micro reflector 51 in the transparent resin or heat ray transmitting resin. For example, in the case of FIG. 9A in which the micro-reflector has a corner cube mirror structure, if the micro-reflectors are arranged in a discrete manner, the directions of the corner cube mirror structures are dispersed, but the corner cube mirror that opens with respect to incident light. Because the structure exists, it is retroreflected. Since the corner cube mirror has a range of about ± 45 degrees and approximately 90 degrees, the corner cube mirror that is open on the main surface side substantially contributes to the retroreflection. When the angle of the corner cube mirror falls, the retroreflectance decreases, but when viewed from the main surface side, only the corner cube mirror with a small reflector facing various directions can be seen, so overall, The paint surface is almost retroreflective. The same applies to the case of FIG. Since the micro-reflector in FIG. 9C is a completely symmetrical body, it is clear that a retroreflective function is imparted even when applied. In the case of FIGS. 9D and 9E, since it is a flat plate, when applied, the main surface of the flat plate has a property of being oriented substantially parallel to the applied surface, and thus the retroreflective performance is high. Because of such an action, when the minute reflector is symmetrical or substantially symmetric, the base may be uneven, or the group of micro reflectors may be formed uneven on a flat base. 10 (a) and 10 (b) show that the ultrafine heat ray transmitting spherical body having a structure in which the corner cube is opened on the base material 56, preferably the ultrafine transparent spherical bodies 51, 51. FIG. 10B is a longitudinal sectional view of a single layer or multiple layers when applied, but as shown in FIG. 10B, any one of a large number of micro-reflectors may be thickly coated in multiple layers instead of a single layer. It is shown that retroreflection is possible without any trouble. In addition, when the minute reflector is a flat plate, the retroreflective performance is high when the coating surface is a flat base. In FIG. 10, reference numeral 57 denotes a binder made of a transparent resin or a heat ray transmitting resin.

[Sixth Embodiment]
The agricultural and forestry material used in the method of use as an agricultural and forestry material for the extreme heat environment according to the sixth embodiment retroreflects all or most of the heat rays, and generally emits light in the remaining wavelength region including wavelengths effective for photosynthesis. It consists of a laminate of a layer containing a retroreflective member to be transmitted and a diffuse reflection layer. The third embodiment or the fourth embodiment includes a retroreflective member that retroreflects all or most of the heat rays and substantially transmits the light in the remaining wavelength range including the wavelength effective for photosynthesis. The retroreflective member which concerns on is illustrated. In the case of the third embodiment, it can be said in the case of the structure in which the diffusing reflection layer is provided in contact with the surface of the backing layer 36 opposite to the surface of the heat ray reflection mirror 35, in the case of the fourth embodiment. For example, a structure in which a diffuse reflection layer is provided between the heat ray reflective layer 43 and the transparent backing layer 46, or a structure in which a material having a diffuse reflection function is dispersed in the transparent backing layer 46 is used as the backing layer and the diffuse reflection layer. And a structure in which a diffuse reflection layer is provided on the surface of the transparent backing layer 46 opposite to the surface in contact with the heat ray reflection layer 43.

  The diffuse reflection layer is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of diffusing and reflecting incident light, but a layer having a high reflectance is suitably used, and the reflectance is 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably. Is 80% or more, particularly preferably 90% or more. A metal is particularly suitable as the material. In addition, as a form of the diffuse reflection layer, for example, a layer composed of only a material having a high reflectance, a multilayer laminate in which at least a main surface on the incident light side is a material having a high reflectance, a material having a high reflectance is a transparent medium Examples thereof include a composition dispersed therein. Of these, examples of laminates include metal deposits and plated ones deposited on any substrate, and examples of compositions include metal powder or metal in a transparent medium such as glass or resin. What dispersed the particle | grains is mentioned as a suitable thing. As the metal powder pigment contained in the transparent medium of the diffuse reflection layer, a pigment in which a foil of aluminum, copper, tin, silver or the like is used as a powder can be preferably used, but from the viewpoint of glitter and availability. Aluminum powder is optimal, and its concentration may be such that the reflectance of the agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment of the present invention is 50% or more, and among them, it is 20 to 40% in mass ratio with respect to the diffuse reflection layer. It is desirable. As the transparent medium, the same transparent medium as described above is used.

In the case of this embodiment, the agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment is placed in the vicinity of the plant in the extreme heat environment. Since the heat rays are retroreflected, the light returns to the light source without being irradiated to nearby plants, whereas the light that has passed through the heat ray reflection mirror and includes a wavelength effective for photosynthesis is diffusely reflected by the diffuse reflection layer, Irradiate nearby plants to promote photosynthesis. As the nuclear, the presence of the diffuse reflection layer in the case of providing the diffuse reflection layer, of being irradiated with light other than heat rays to plants that surround, if there is fluorescent agent, is even more effective. Moreover, this form can be used for the condensing part of a plant cultivation house. As an example, it can be used for a reflecting mirror surface portion of a heliostat. Moreover, as another example, it can also be used for a receiver placed in the process of receiving light from the light collecting unit and taking it into the cultivation house .

[Seventh Embodiment]
The agricultural and forestry material used in the method of use as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to the seventh embodiment is a laminate of a layer containing a retroreflective member and a diffuse reflective layer, and the diffuse reflective layer is a cold mirror layer It is. Although the sixth embodiment is similar to the sixth embodiment in that the diffuse reflection layer is laminated, in this embodiment, the diffuse reflection layer is limited to the cold mirror layer, but the retroreflective member is not particularly limited. In this respect, unlike the sixth embodiment, it differs from the sixth embodiment in that the cold mirror layer is on the incident light side when actually used. In such a usage pattern, light including a wavelength effective for photosynthesis is diffusely reflected by a cold mirror, and the remaining light that is not effective for photosynthesis is retroreflected by a retroreflective member, so that it is used in the vicinity of a plant. Moreover, it can use for the condensing part of a plant cultivation house similarly to 6th Embodiment . The cold mirror may be any one that diffuses and reflects wavelengths effective for photosynthesis and transmits heat rays. For example, a low refractive index thin film and a thin film having a higher refractive index than this thin film are alternately formed on a transparent substrate. Infrared rays that have a refractive index higher than the refractive index of any thin film that is laminated on the substrate and reflects visible light using the interference of light waves, or alternately laminated with the base material to reduce the number of laminations The thing which intervened the permeable membrane is mentioned.

[Eighth Embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 11, the agricultural and forestry material used in the method of use as an extremely hot environment agricultural and forestry material according to the eighth embodiment is an extremely hot environment agricultural and forestry material 60 for plant cultivation houses. The configuration is such that the retroreflective member 61 is used on the ground or floor surface in the plant cultivation house, or floats on the water surface in the vicinity of the plant in hydroponics or a pond, and the window material and roofing material of the plant cultivation house 60. And the like. Among these, the retroreflective member 61 is a member that retroreflects both heat rays and visible rays, while the light receiving member 62 may be anything as long as it transmits sunlight. Resin films such as glass and vinyl chloride resin that transmit both heat rays and visible rays; heat ray-reflecting glass and resin films that selectively reflect heat rays; heat ray retroreflective glasses that retroreflect heat rays and transmit visible rays A resin film etc. are illustrated and the laminated body which has either of these as one layer may be sufficient. An example of the laminated body will be described in a tenth embodiment described later. Which is best to use depends on the type of plant to be cultivated, the temperature of the cultivation area, the ratio of the light receiving area occupied by the plants in the cultivation house, etc., and the cultivation house has an appropriate temperature depending on the amount of heat transmitted through the light receiving member and the temperature. It chooses suitably so that it may become. However, glass and films that selectively retroreflect heat rays unconditionally in the tropics and dry zones are preferred. The wall that does not directly receive sunlight in the cultivation house, that is, the part that becomes a shaded part when the roof is not a light-transmitting material, is not particularly limited, but it retroreflects visible light and contains a fluorescent agent. Things are good . Of course, it is good also as a material similar to the site | part which receives sunlight directly.

  12 and 13 show an example of hydroponics in particular. The hydroponic plant 63 is gently sandwiched via a cushion member 66 on a floating portion 65 having a lighter specific gravity than water so as to be established while floating in water 64 to be hydroponically cultivated. The cushion member 66 is preferably a water-absorbing material such as a sponge, and the floating portion 65 is preferably plastic. The floating portion 65 itself may be the retroreflective member 61 itself, or the retroreflective member 61 may be laminated on the surface of the floating portion 65. If the plastic itself has a specific gravity lower than that of water, it can be used as it is. If the specific gravity is higher than that of water, it can be made hollow to form a floating part. As the retroreflective member 61, a retroreflective member in which the fluorescent agent 2 is dispersed is preferably used. Further, as the hydroponic plant 63 grows, it is necessary to increase the proportion of the floating portion 65, and as shown in FIG. 12, the floating portion 65 may be appropriately increased. As shown in FIG. 5, a large number of floats 65a are prepared so that the ratio of the floats 65 automatically increases, and retroreflective and fluorescent agents are dispersedly applied on the surface. The shape of the float 65a may take any form such as a spherical shape, a lump shape, a dice shape, or a block shape, but a spherical shape is particularly preferable.

[ Ninth Embodiment]
Further, in the agricultural and forestry material used in the method of use as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environment according to the present invention, a form in which a surface coat layer made of an antireflection material or a photocatalyst is provided on the surface on the incident light side in each of the above embodiments is further increased. Is preferred. Among them, the photocatalyst may have an environmental purification function or may impart hydrophilicity to the surface. When there is an anti-reflective material, the effect reduces incident light's diffuse reflection on the incident surface, and when there is a photocatalyst, the effect cleans the incident surface, so the retroreflective effect and the fluorescent agent If there is, the effect of promoting photosynthesis can be increased.

10, 20, 30, 40, 50 Agricultural and forestry materials for extreme heat environment 1, 21, 31, 51, 61 Retroreflective member 2 Fluorescent agent 4 Heat ray transmitting medium layer 5 Mirror 6, 26, 36, 46 Backing layer 7 Sunlight 14 Transparent Medium layer 22 Heat ray transmitting spherical body 23 Light reflecting layer 24 Fixing layer 35 Heat ray reflecting mirror 42 Transparent spherical body 43 Heat ray reflecting layer 51 Micro reflector 52 Ultra micro heat ray transmitting spherical body or ultra micro transparent spherical body 53 Micro reflector center Part (light reflection part)
54 Solvent 55 Ultra-fine reflector 56 Heat ray transmitting resin or transparent resin 60 House for plant cultivation 62 Light receiving member 63 Plant for hydroponics 64 Water 65 Floating part 66 Cushion member

Claims (12)

Retroreflective member has wavelength dependence, retroreflects all or most of the heat rays, and almost transmits the light in the remaining wavelength range including the wavelength effective for photosynthesis, and the shape is film, sheet, panel , Block shape, hollow shape or columnar shape, the retroreflective member is provided substantially in parallel on the main surface, and is dispersed in the heat ray transmitting medium constituting the retroreflective member or on the surface of the retroreflective member A method for use as an agricultural and forestry material for extreme heat environments, characterized by having a fluorescent agent that is applied and absorbs light on a short wavelength side and emits light effective for photosynthesis. The retroreflective member retroreflects at least most of each of the heat ray and the visible ray, and four or more retroreflective structures having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are integrated or made symmetrical. Or one having a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm connected to form a flat plate or a substantially flat plate by connecting two or more of them, and at least one of them is required as a transparent resin. how to use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry material according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating film are dispersed in a binder if. The retroreflective member retroreflects all or most of the heat rays, and generally transmits the light in the remaining wavelength region including the wavelength effective for photosynthesis, and has a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm. The four or more shown are symmetrical or substantially symmetrical as a whole, or three or more showing a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are connected to form both a front surface and a back surface, respectively. it is intended to a method of use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one of which at least a coating film are dispersed in the heat ray transmitting resin. The retroreflective member retroreflects at least most of each visible ray of heat rays, and four or more retroreflective structures having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are made symmetric or substantially symmetric. Or three or more of retroreflective structures having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are connected to form both the front and back surfaces to form a flat plate or a substantially flat plate, and at least one of them is dispersed in a transparent resin. how to use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a coating obtained by. The retroreflective member retroreflects at least most of each visible ray of heat rays, and four or more retroreflective structures having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are made symmetric or substantially symmetric. Or three or more of retroreflective structures having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are connected to form both the front and back surfaces to form a flat plate or a substantially flat plate, and at least one of them is transparent. how to use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ink is dispersed in a solvent which dissolves the resin. The retroreflective member retroreflects all or most of the heat rays, and generally transmits the light in the remaining wavelength region including the wavelength effective for photosynthesis, and has a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm. The four or more shown are symmetrical or substantially symmetrical as a whole, or three or more showing a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are connected to form both a front surface and a back surface, respectively. is intended to a method of use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one of which at least a coating material dispersed in the heat ray transmitting resin. The retroreflective member retroreflects all or most of the heat rays, and generally transmits the light in the remaining wavelength region including the wavelength effective for photosynthesis, and has a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm. The four or more shown are symmetrical or substantially symmetrical as a whole, or three or more showing a retroreflective structure having a size of 10 μm to 5 mm are connected to form both a front surface and a back surface, respectively. is intended to a method of use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one of which at least a ink dispersed in the heat ray transmitting resin. It consists of a laminate of a layer containing a retroreflective member and a diffuse reflective layer, and the retroreflective member has wavelength dependency, and all or most of the heat rays are retroreflected, and the rest includes a wavelength effective for photosynthesis. how to use as a very hot environment for agriculture, forestry and materials according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that substantially transmits light in the wavelength range. The agricultural forest for extreme heat environment according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the diffuse reflective layer is a laminate of a layer containing a retroreflective member and the diffuse reflective layer is a cold mirror layer. how to use as a material. The agricultural forest for extreme heat environment according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the agricultural forest is used on a farmland in a tropical region or an arid region, in the vicinity thereof, or on a farmland in a temperate region, or floated on the water surface. how to use as a material. For intense heat environment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by using by floating from the tropics or laid on the ground or floor in the house for growing plants in the region of over the temperate regions, or the surface of the water how to use as the Agriculture, Forestry and materials. How it to claims 1 to use as the agricultural, forestry materials for plant cultivation house for intense heat environment of any one of 9, characterized in that used as roofing material and window material house for plant cultivation.

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