JP5711671B2 - ポリコサノールナノ粒子 - Google Patents
ポリコサノールナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5711671B2 JP5711671B2 JP2011551084A JP2011551084A JP5711671B2 JP 5711671 B2 JP5711671 B2 JP 5711671B2 JP 2011551084 A JP2011551084 A JP 2011551084A JP 2011551084 A JP2011551084 A JP 2011551084A JP 5711671 B2 JP5711671 B2 JP 5711671B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
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- pharmaceutical formulation
- policosanol
- formulation according
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- Prior art date
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Description
本出願は、2009年2月23日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/154,712号に対する優先権の恩典を主張するものであり、これはその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
別途指示がない限り、本明細書で用いられる全ての技術用語及び科学用語は、一般に、本発明が属する技術分野の専門家によって共通に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、ポリコサノールのナノ粒子を提供する。典型的な本発明のナノ粒子は、約70%〜90%のオクタコサノールを含むポリコサノール画分と、安定剤画分とを含む。例示的な実施形態では、安定剤画分は、ポリ(エチレングリコール)エステルを含む。様々な実施形態では、安定剤画分は、トコフェリルエステルを含む。安定剤画分の例示的な成分としては、トコフェリルポリ(エチレングリコール)エステル、例えば、トコフェリルポリエチレングリコール(1000)スクシネート(「TPGS」)が挙げられる。例示的な本発明のナノ粒子は、約100nm未満の直径を有する。薬学的製剤をはじめとする、複数の本発明のナノ粒子を取り込んだ製剤も提供する。
ポリコサノールのナノ粒子及びこのナノ粒子を含む製剤の他に、本発明は、このナノ粒子及び製剤を用いて、疾患を治療及び予防し、代謝を調節する方法を提供する。様々な実施形態では、本発明のナノ粒子は、高血圧、コレステロール代謝の調節、及び高脂血症、高コレステロール血症、炎症などの治療に有用である。様々な実施形態では、本製剤は、タンパク質酸化の調節又は低下に用いられる。例示的な実施形態では、本製剤は、血糖値、インスリン抵抗性、糖尿病、及び血糖レベルに関連する他の状態の管理に有用である。またさらなる実施形態では、本製剤は、血漿ビタミンCレベルの調節(例えば、増加)、並びに収縮期血圧及び拡張期血圧の低下に有用である。他の実施形態では、本製剤は、NF−κBの活性化の阻害に有用である。
本発明は、対象のタンパク質酸化を減少させ、従って、この酸化の有害な結果を軽減する方法を提供する。本方法は、対象のタンパク質酸化を減少させる治療的有効量の本発明のポリコサノール製剤を対象に投与することを含む。
本発明はまた、対象の血清ビタミンCを増加させる方法を提供する。本方法は、対象の血清ビタミンCレベルを増加させるか又は調節する治療的有効量の本発明のポリコサノール製剤を対象に投与する工程を含む。
本発明はまた、インスリン抵抗性及び限定するものではないが、糖尿病をはじめとする、インスリン抵抗性から生じる結果を治療する方法を提供する。本方法は、インスリン抵抗性を治療するのに十分な量の本発明の粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象の高コレステロール血症を治療する及び/又は脂質代謝を調節する方法を提供する。本方法は、高コレステロール血症を治療するのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象のNF−κBの活性化を阻害する方法を提供する。本方法は、NF−κBの活性化を阻害するのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象のアディポネクチンレベルを増加させる方法を提供する。本方法は、アディポネクチンレベルの増加させ、それにより低アディポネクチンレベルと関連する疾患を治療するのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象のPAI−1タンパク質レベルを調節する(例えば、低下させる)方法を提供する。本方法は、対象のPAI−1レベルを低下させるのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。PAI−1は、ウロキナーゼ型及び組織型のプラスミノーゲン活性化因子を不活化することによって線維素溶解を阻害するセリンプロテアーゼインヒビターである。血漿PAI−1の活性は、深夜12時から朝6時の間に最も高い(Kluft C, et al.,Thromb Haemost.1988 Apr 8;59(2):329−32)。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象のTNF−αレベルを調節する(例えば、低下させる)方法を提供する。本方法は、対象のTNF−αレベルを低下させ、それによりTNF−αレベルの上昇と関連する疾患を治療するのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。腫瘍壊死因子(TNF−α)は炎症応答を促進し、この炎症応答は、関節リウマチ、強直性脊椎炎、クローン病、乾癬、アルツハイマー病及び難治性喘息などの自己免疫障害と関連する臨床的な問題の多くを引き起こす。これらの障害は、TNFインヒビターを用いて治療することもある。TNF産生の異常調節は、アルツハイマー病(Perispinal Etanercept for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Edward Tobinick* Current Alzheimer Research,2007,4,550−552)及び癌をはじめとする、種々のヒト疾患の原因とされている。Locksley RM,Killeen N,Lenardo MJ(2001).“The TNF and TNF receptor super families:integrating mammalian biology.” Cell 104(4):487−501を参照されたい。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象のRBP−4レベルを調節する(例えば、低下させる)方法を提供する。本方法は、対象のRBP−4レベルを低下させ、それによりRBP−4レベルの上昇と関連する疾患を治療するのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。レチノール結合タンパク質4(RBP4)は、最近、AG4KOマウスモデルでインスリン抵抗性に寄与するアディポカインとして記載されている。Yang Q, et al.,Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes,Nature 436(7049):356−62.(2005)を参照されたい。RBP4は、糖尿病の発症前に血清中で上昇しており、多様な臨床症状を示す対象のインスリン抵抗性及び関連する心血管危険因子を同定するように思われる。これらの知見により、血清RBP4レベルの低下を目的とした抗糖尿病療法の理論的根拠が与えられた。Graham TE,et.al N Engl J Med.2006 Jun 15;354(24):2552−63を参照されたい。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象の一酸化窒素レベルを増加させる方法を提供する。本方法は、対象の一酸化窒素レベルを増加させるのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象のMCP−1レベルを調節する(例えば、低下させる)方法を提供する。本方法は、対象のMCP−1レベルを低下させ、それによりMCP−1レベルの上昇と関連する疾患を治療するのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。MCP−1は、炎症部位に単球を動員するケモカインである。MCP−1は、白色脂肪組織中の脂肪細胞や間質血管細胞によって発現され、分泌される。肥満の齧歯類では、循環MCP−1レベルがより高く、脂肪組織によるMCP−1発現が増加している。J Biol Chem.2003 Nov 21,278(47):46654−60を参照されたい。さらに、MCP−1は、インスリン刺激性のグルコース取込みやインスリン誘導性のインスリン受容体チロシンリン酸化を減少させることによってインスリン抵抗性に直接寄与することができ、また、脂肪生成遺伝子の発現を減少させることによって、脂肪細胞の増殖や分化を阻害することができる。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象のH2Sレベルを増加させる方法を提供する。本方法は、対象の血清H2Sレベルを増加させ、それにより低H2Sレベルと関連する疾患を治療するのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。H2Sは、代謝、心機能及び細胞生存を調節するいくつかの細胞シグナルを促進する。内在性H2Sのバイオアベイラビリティは、システインの生合成に関与するいくつかの酵素によって調節される。Szabo C(2007).Hydrogen sulfide and its therapeutic potential.Nat Reviews 6:917−935を参照されたい。健常人とII型糖尿病の男性患者から採取した血液サンプル中のH2Sのレベルは、糖尿病患者におけるH2Sレベルの著しい減少を示した。より低いH2Sレベルは、微小血管機能障害の臨床マーカーと関連しており、この血圧降下ガスの喪失が、糖尿病患者における血管合併症の発症の要因となり得ることを示唆している。Brancaleone V, et al.(2008). Biosynthesis of H2S is impaired in non−obese diabetic(NOD) mice;Br J Pharmacol 155:673−680:Lefer DJ(2007). A new gaseous signaling molecule emerges:cardio protective role of hydrogen sulfide;及びProc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:17907−17908を参照されたい。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象のICAM−1レベルの上昇を調節する(例えば、低下させる)方法を提供する。本方法は、対象のICAM−1レベルを低下させ、それによりICAM−1レベルの上昇と関連する疾患を治療するのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。ICAM−1は、風邪を引き起こすウイルスの大多数によって用いられるものと同じ受容体分子である。ライノウイルスは、風邪をよく引き起こす。接着分子は、発生学、免疫学、及び悪性腫瘍をはじめとする、多くの医学分野において主要な役割を果たす。
様々な実施形態では、本発明は、対象のGSHレベルを増加させるか又は調節する方法を提供する。本方法は、対象のGSHレベルを増加させるか又は調節するのに十分な量の本発明のナノ粒子製剤を対象に投与することを含む。
1%ポリコサノールを含む液体製剤の調製
1.スクロースラウレート(0.1〜0.5%)を含む水溶液(100mL)を調製し、撹拌しながら80〜85℃まで加温する。
2.ビーカーの中に、ポリコサノール(1g)と少なくとも1つの賦形剤又は安定剤(2〜5g)とを量り取り、撹拌しながら80〜85℃まで加温する。
3.強く撹拌しながら、ビーカーの中にポリコサノールと賦形剤とともに糖エステル溶液を入れ、撹拌しながら80〜85℃に5分間維持する。温度が50℃未満になると、この製剤は透明になる。
4.ヒーターのスイッチを切り、室温に達するまで穏やかに撹拌させておく。
5.防腐剤(例えば、ソルビン酸カリウム、安息香酸ナトリウム、クエン酸無水物)を添加する。
6.この溶液をボトルに入れる。
粒子サイズが53nmで、オクタコサノールが約82〜83%の1%ポリコサノール溶液(10mg/mL)を用いたラット研究
材料及び方法
雄のズッカー糖尿病肥満ラットを、5週齢でCharles River Laboratoriesから購入した。動物にランダムに番号を振り、温度と湿度が調節された動物施設内のプラスチック製のコロニーケージで1匹ずつ飼育した。動物を、一般に認められた委員会プロトコルに従い、このプロトコルを用いて飼育した。ラットを2日間、環境とトレーナーによる扱いに馴れさせた。ラットの高血糖症を、その血中グルコース濃度を測定することにより検査した。血中グルコースは、好都合なAccu−Chek(商標登録)グルコメーター(Boehringer Mannheim Corp.,Indianapolis,IN)を用いて尾部切開により測定した。ラットをランダムに3つのグループに分けた。処理グループの各々のラットには、20Gの給餌針(Popper and Sons,New Hyde Park,NY)を用いた強制経口投与により毎日8週間、適切な用量の本発明のナノ粒子ポリコサノール製剤を補給した。対照グループには、ビヒクル緩衝液を補給した。ポリコサノール補給投薬量を決定するために、体重を週1回モニタリングした。ラットを、22±2℃で、12時間:12時間の明暗周期にして、水とPurina 5008実験食(lab chow diet)を自由摂取させて、標準的な飼育条件下で飼育した。8週目の終わりに、ラットを一晩絶食させた後、解析のためにハロタン(2−ブロモ−2−クロロ−1,1,1−トリフルオロエタン)に曝露させて安楽死させた。19 1/2ゲージ針で心穿刺して血液を採取し、ヘパリンを含むシリンジに血液を引き入れ、その後すぐに、それをEDTAバキュテナーチューブに移した。
グリコシル化ヘモグロビンは、Helena Laboratories(Beaumont,TX)から購入したGlyco−Tek親和性カラムキット及び試薬(カタログ番号5351)を用いて決定した。グルコースレベルは、グルコースオキシダーゼを用いてAccu−check Advantageグルコメーター(Boehringer Manheim Corporation,Indianapolis,IN)により決定した。
異なる処理グループ間において屠殺時点での体重差は認められなかった。補給を開始してから5週間及び7週間後に評価したとき、各ラットによる1週間分の食餌摂取量は、両方のグループで同じぐらいであった。ポリコサノールを8週間補給した雄のズッカー肥満ラットの体重と食餌摂取量を下記の表1に示す。各値は平均±SEを表す。
臨床試験研究
糖尿病患者の血圧低下における有効性と認容性をプライマリーエンドポイントとして評価し、かつその他の重要なバイオマーカーを評価するための非盲検単一施設研究において、上記の1%ポリコサノール製剤を用いた。この研究の結果を下記の実施例4.1にまとめる。
Homa%B(β細胞機能(%B))とインスリン感受性(%S)とインスリン抵抗性をHOMA Calculator v2.2.2(Diabetes Care 1998;21:2191−92)を用いて計算した。この研究には、平均年齢が48±22歳の14名の糖尿病対象が含まれた。糖尿病の平均期間は、13.5±12.5年であった。対象は、12週間の間、20mg(1日2回、1mL)を摂取した。対象の食事に制限はなかった。
3歳の時に1型糖尿病と診断された26歳の男性に本明細書に記載の1%ポリコサノール製剤(20mg/日)を投与した。この男性の治療前の1日のインスリン摂取量は、毎日30ユニットであった。ベースライン時点で、及び21週間にわたって、空腹時インスリンを測定した。結果を下記の表VIに示す。
ネフローゼ症候群と診断された4歳の女児を1日10mgの本明細書に記載の1%ポリコサノール製剤で治療した。ネフローゼ症候群は、尿中タンパク質(1日に3.5グラムを上回る)、低血中タンパク質レベル、高コレステロールレベル、及び腫れを含む一群の症状である。ネフローゼ症候群は、腎臓、特に、糸球体の基底膜に損傷を与える様々な障害によって引き起こされる。これはすぐに、尿中タンパク質の異常な排泄を引き起こす。ネフローゼ症候群はあらゆる年齢層を襲う可能性がある。小児では、2歳から6歳の間に最もよく見られる。
日中に膝関節痛、夜間に関節の痺れと疼痛の症状を示す48歳の男性を1日20mgの本明細書に記載の1%ポリコサノール製剤で3カ月間治療した。食事でビタミンCが十分に消費されたにもかかわらず、ベースライン時のビタミンCの血液血漿レベルは低かった(約0.15mg%)。関節リウマチと骨関節炎は、X線とMRIにより除外された。RA因子と尿酸レベルは正常であった。
2型糖尿病の43歳の男性患者(検出時は38歳)は、ベースライン時の血漿ビタミンCレベルが0.27mg%と非常に低かった。この研究のために、この男性患者に1日20mgの本明細書に記載の1%ポリコサノール製剤を6カ月間投与した。
II型糖尿病及び高インスリン血症と診断された42歳の男性(診断時は37歳)を1日20mgの本明細書に記載の1%ポリコサノール製剤で6カ月間治療した。下記の表に示すように、この男性は、6カ月目の終わりに空腹時インスリンレベルの有意な低下を示した。
41歳の時に2型糖尿病と診断された47歳の女性患者を1日20mgの本明細書に記載の1%ポリコサノール製剤で6カ月間治療した。6カ月目の終わりに、ウェスト・ヒップ比、空腹時グルコースレベル、及びhs−C反応性タンパク質レベルの有意な低下が認められた。
ベースライン時に超低HDLを示した、非糖尿病の48歳の肥満(BMI>30)男性患者を1日40mgの本明細書に記載の1%ポリコサノール製剤で8週間治療した。結果は、HDL、LDL、CHOL/HDL(総コレステロール/HDL)比の大きな改善と6kgの体重減少とBMI比の改善を示した。
10歳の女児が尿中アルブミンによる腎感染と診断された。この女児を1日10mgの本明細書に記載の1%ポリコサノール製剤で治療した。10日後の尿検査で感染の完全寛解が示され、尿中アルブミンの痕跡は示されなかった。この結果は、アルブミンの存在を示す腎感染を治療する上での本発明の有用性を示している。
Claims (29)
- ポリコサノールを含むナノ粒子状組成物であって、
前記ナノ粒子状組成物は100nm未満の直径を有し、
(a)約70%〜95%のオクタコサノールを含むポリコサノール画分と、
(b)トコフェリルポリエチレングリコール(1000)スクシネート(「TPGS」)を含む安定剤画分とを含む
ことを特徴とするナノ粒子状組成物。 - 前記ポリコサノール画分がトリアコンタノールをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のナノ粒子状組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子状組成物が、約9:1〜約15:1のオクタコサノール:トリアコンタノールの比を有する、請求項2に記載のナノ粒子状組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子状組成物が、約16:1〜約20:1のオクタコサノール:ヘキサコサノールの比を有する、請求項2に記載のナノ粒子状組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子状組成物が、直径40nm〜100nmのサイズを有する、請求項1に記載のナノ粒子状組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子状組成物が、直径約60nmのサイズを有する、請求項1に記載のナノ粒子状組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の複数のナノ粒子状組成物からなる集合体。
- 請求項7に記載の前記集合体と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む薬学的製剤。
- 10〜30mg/mL(wt/vol)の請求項7に記載の前記集合体を含む単位投薬量製剤。
- 対象の血清ビタミンCレベルを増加させるために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のタンパク質酸化を低下させるために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象の血圧を低下させるために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象の胴回りを減少させるために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のVLDL(超低密度脂質)レベルを減少させるために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のアルブミン/グロブリン比の上昇を調節するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のインスリン抵抗性を治療するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象の血糖レベルを調節するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象の糖尿病を治療するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記糖尿病がII型糖尿病である、請求項18に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記糖尿病がI型糖尿病である、請求項18に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のC反応性タンパク質レベルを調節するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のNF−κBタンパク質レベルを阻害するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のPAI−1レベルを調節するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のICAM−1レベルを低下させるために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のアディポネクチンレベルを増加させるために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象の一酸化窒素レベルを調節するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のTNF−αレベルを低下させるために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のMCP−1(単球走化性タンパク質−1)レベルを調節するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 対象のグルタチオンレベルを調節するために用いられる請求項8に記載の薬学的製剤。
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EP3517104A1 (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2019-07-31 | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals S.A. | Nanoparticulate formulation comprising a mpges-1 inhibitor |
CA3014928A1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-24 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for treating or preventing atherosclerosis by administering an inhibitor of angptl3 |
CN108042507B (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-06-30 | 北京颐方生物科技有限公司 | 一种多廿醇微球及其制备方法与应用 |
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CA2788777C (en) | 2015-02-17 |
JP2012518639A (ja) | 2012-08-16 |
WO2010096231A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
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