JP5710447B2 - Electricity supply and demand adjustment device and electric power management system - Google Patents

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a power supply and demand adjustment apparatus and a power management system.

  In recent years, as a technology related to power management, demand response for controlling the flow of power by both a consumer and a supplier has been attracting attention. Demand response is one of the elements that make up a smart grid, and the supplier requests each customer to reduce the power demand, and the demand side reduces the power demand by controlling the power consuming equipment according to the request. It is a mechanism. As for reduction of power demand, conventionally, a technique for reducing power demand according to the priority set for a power consuming device has been proposed.

  By the way, as a technique for appropriately setting a reduction target for each consumer, there is a method of managing the power demand of each consumer and distributing the overall reduction target to each consumer. In this method, the amount of power demand that can be reduced (adjustment capacity) reported by each consumer is collected, and a reduction target for each consumer is determined based on the adjustment capacity. In general, the adjustment capacity is set within a range that does not impair the comfort and productivity of a person using a building or the like. By distributing the reduction target to this adjustment margin based on the report, it is possible to carry out distribution that is reasonable for consumers.

JP 2010-75015 A JP 2010-161849 A

  However, the above-described conventional technology has a problem in that it cannot cope with a case where the total reduction target is not satisfied even if the adjustment capacity of each consumer is summed, and lacks flexibility.

  The power supply and demand adjustment apparatus according to the embodiment includes environment information acquisition means, demand reduction amount calculation means, influence index determination means, demand reduction plan generation means, and equipment control means. The environmental information acquisition unit acquires environmental information indicating an environmental state of the control category for each control category as a power control unit of the electrical device in a consumer having a plurality of electrical devices. The demand reduction amount calculation means calculates the power that can be reduced in each control category as the demand reduction amount. The influence index determination means determines an influence index indicating the magnitude of the influence associated with the implementation of the demand reduction amount using the environmental information or the demand reduction amount of each control category. The demand reduction plan generating means generates a plurality of demand reduction plans in which the control categories are combined based on the influence index, and the total value of the demand reduction amount is increased stepwise by each set of the control categories. The device control means controls the electrical devices belonging to the control category according to the demand reduction amount of each control category included in the demand reduction plan selected by the external device among the plurality of demand reduction plans.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a power management system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the control classification. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a data configuration of the control classification management file. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a sorting result of the control classification management file shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for generating a demand reduction plan. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a demand reduction plan generated by the generation method shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example of another generation method of the demand reduction plan. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a demand reduction plan generated by the generation method shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another example of the data configuration of the control classification management file. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a sorting result of the control classification management file shown in FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a method of predicting the number of people and the demand reduction amount. FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a method for predicting the number of people and the demand reduction amount. FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the demand reduction amount distribution unit. FIG. 14 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the power management system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of a reduction amount derivation process. FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of demand reduction amount distribution processing. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply and demand adjustment apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 18 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the power management system according to the second embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the power management system.

  Exemplary embodiments of a power supply and demand adjustment apparatus and a power management system according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following embodiments, it is assumed that a system for dealing with the power reduction possible amount indicated by the consumer with the power system operator relative or for consideration in the power market is constructed in advance.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a power management system according to the first embodiment. As shown in the figure, the power management system of the present embodiment corresponds to each of the power supply and demand adjustment device 10 provided in each consumer who uses power and the power supply and demand adjustment device 10. A power management apparatus 20 to be managed is connected to the power management apparatus 20.

  The power supply and demand adjustment apparatus 10 includes an adjustment margin calculation unit 11, a demand reduction amount calculation unit 12, a number of people measurement unit 13, a control category management unit 14, a demand reduction plan generation unit 15, a device control unit 16, and a communication. And a control unit 17.

  Based on the state of the power consuming device EL, the adjustment margin calculation unit 11 calculates an adjustment margin indicating the power that can be reduced by the consumer. Here, the adjustment margin is electric power that can be unconditionally reduced for consumers set within a range that does not impair human comfort and productivity, and represents power consumption that can be accepted in demand response.

  The adjustment margin is, for example, electric power that is reduced when the light intensity of the lighting in the building is adjusted to the lower limit in accordance with a predetermined lower limit (for example, 30%) of the illumination light quantity. As for air conditioning, the upper limit (for example, 29 ° C.) of the set temperature in summer and the lower limit (for example, 18 ° C.) of the set temperature in winter are set in advance, and reduced when the setting is changed from the current set temperature to the upper limit or the lower limit. Power. For illumination, the lower limit of illuminance may be set based on the illuminance measured by a brightness sensor or the like as well as the amount of light. For air conditioning, not only temperature but also humidity, air volume, PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) ) May be used as a reference.

  The method for calculating the adjustment margin is not particularly limited. For example, the adjustment margin may be determined in advance or may be calculated using a known technique. Moreover, it is good also as a form input by the operator who operates the electric power supply-and-demand adjustment apparatus 10. FIG.

  The demand reduction amount calculation unit 12 calculates, as a demand reduction amount, power that can be reduced in each of the control categories for each predetermined control category. Here, the control classification is a control unit in controlling the power supply of the power consuming device EL provided in the consumer. The control classification corresponds to each area when the facility of the customer is divided into one or a plurality of areas, for example.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the control classification. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the office 30 is divided into two areas A11 and A21, and each of the areas A11 and A21 is a control division. In this case, the demand reduction amount calculation unit 12 controls the area A11 that is the control classification based on the states of the power consumption devices EL11 to EL15 provided in the area A11 and the power consumption devices EL21 to EL25 provided in the area A21. , The amount of demand reduction for A21 is calculated. The control category is not limited to a spatial area. For example, the same type of power consuming equipment EL (for example, lighting, air conditioning) is classified as one control category, and a demand reduction amount is calculated for each control category. It is good also as a form.

  Further, the demand reduction amount is a difference between the current power consumption in the power consuming device and the power consumption when the consumption is suppressed. For example, in lighting, the difference between the current power consumption that is turned on at a light quantity of 100% and the power consumption when the light quantity is reduced to a reduction value such as 10% or 0% (illumination off) is the demand reduction amount. Become. Here, the demand reduction amount is the same as the adjustment capacity in terms of the power that can be reduced, but the difference from the adjustment capacity is a value calculated for each control category, which impairs comfort and productivity to some extent. It is characterized by a value. That is, the total demand reduction amount in all control categories exceeds the adjustment capacity.

  Note that the method for calculating the demand reduction amount is not particularly limited. For example, the reduction value of each power consuming device EL may be determined in advance or may be calculated using a known technique. Moreover, it is good also as a form input by the operator who operates the electric power supply-and-demand adjustment apparatus 10. FIG.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the person counting unit 13 acquires, as environment information, the number of persons existing in each control section and its surroundings based on the sensing result of the sensor device SN provided in each control section.

  Here, the sensor device SN is various sensor devices for detecting a person existing in the control section, and one or a plurality of sensor devices SN are provided for each control section. The sensor device SN senses a control classification in which its own device is provided, and outputs the sensing result to the person counting unit 13. Note that the type of sensor device used as the sensor device SN is not particularly limited, and various types of sensor devices can be used. For example, an image sensor such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) or a human sensor using infrared rays, ultrasonic waves, visible light, or the like may be used as the sensor device SN. Moreover, it is good also as a form which uses the entrance / exit sensor provided in the entrance / exit of control divisions, such as the office 30, and the seating sensor (pressure sensor etc.) provided in each chair in a control division as sensor apparatus SN.

  Further, the method for counting people is not particularly limited, and a publicly known / public technique according to the output from the sensor device SN can be used. For example, when the sensor device SN is an image sensor, each time data (image data) is input from the sensor device SN, the person counting unit 13 takes a difference in luminance value for each pixel constituting the data, It is determined that a person exists when the change in value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. Then, the number of persons determined to be present is acquired as the number of persons existing in that control category.

  The control category management unit 14 associates the demand reduction amount for each control category calculated by the demand reduction amount calculation unit 12 with the number of people for each control category measured by the number of people measurement unit 13, and stores and manages the control category management file 141 in the control category management file 141. It is a functional part to do. It is assumed that the control classification management file 141 itself is held in a storage device (not shown). Further, it is assumed that the control class management file 141 stores the number of persons and the demand reduction amount for each control class for a predetermined period (for example, one week or one year) as a history.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the data configuration of the control classification management file 141. As shown in the figure, the control category management file 141 stores the demand reduction amount [kW] and the number of people [people] in association with each control category. Note that the data configuration of the control class management file 141 is not limited to the example of FIG. 3, and for example, a floor [floor] in which each control class exists may be associated and stored.

  The demand reduction plan generation unit 15 generates a plurality of demand reduction plans based on the demand reduction amount and the number of people for each control category stored in the control category management file 141. Here, a demand reduction plan is a stepwise combination of control categories based on the environmental information of each control category and the impact index obtained from the demand reduction rate, so that the total value of demand reduction is stepwise for each set of control category. It is a plan to reduce power demand that was planned to increase rapidly.

  Hereinafter, an operation example of the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 will be described. First, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 refers to the control category management file 141 and rearranges the entries of the control category management file 141 in ascending order of the number of people or the demand reduction amount. For example, when the control category management file 141 is in the state shown in FIG. 3, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 sorts each entry of the control category management file 141 in ascending order of the number of people or the demand reduction amount as shown in FIG. To do. Here, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a sorting result of the control classification management file 141 shown in FIG.

  Next, the demand reduction plan production | generation part 15 determines the influence index which shows the magnitude | size of the influence accompanying implementation of a demand reduction amount using environmental information or a demand reduction amount. Then, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 combines the sorted entries in stages based on the influence index, and generates the combination result as a demand reduction plan. Here, “demand reduction amount” and “number of people” can be used as the influence index.

  Hereinafter, an example of a method for generating a demand reduction plan will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, the case where the total value of the demand reduction amount is used as an influence index and the scale used as a reference when generating an independent demand reduction plan is set to every 5 kW (1 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15 ...). To do. Moreover, although the example which combines a control classification in the ascending order of the number of people is demonstrated, it is not restricted to this, You may combine a control classification in the ascending order of a demand reduction amount.

  First, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 refers to the demand reduction amount 5 [kW] of the “control category 1” having the smallest number of persons among the entries illustrated in FIG. In this case, since it is within the range of 1 to 5 [kW] as the first scale, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 sets the entry related to the control category 1 as an independent demand reduction plan, as shown in FIG. A demand reduction plan (plan P11) including the demand reduction amount and the number of people included in the entry is generated.

  Next, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 calculates a total value 11 [kW] of the demand reduction amount for the set of “control category 1” and “control category 3” in ascending order of the number of people. In this case, since the total value falls within the range of 11 to 15 [kW], the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 reduces the demand of the control category 1 and the control category 3 independently as shown in FIG. As a plan, a demand reduction plan (plan P12) in which the demand reduction amount and the number of people included in this set of entries are totaled is generated.

  Subsequently, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 calculates a total value 21 [kW] of the demand reduction amount for the set of “control category 1”, “control category 3”, and “control category 2” in ascending order of the number of people. In this case, since the total value is within a range of 21 to 25 [kW], the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 sets a set of the control category 1, the control category 3 and the control category 2 as shown in FIG. As an independent demand reduction plan, a demand reduction plan (plan P13) is generated by summing up the demand reduction amount and the number of people included in this set of entries.

  Further, the demand reduction plan generating unit 15 follows the ascending order of the number of people, and the total value 41 [kW] of the demand reduction amount for the set of “control category 1”, “control category 3”, “control category 2”, and “control category 4”. ] Is calculated. In this case, since the total value 41 [kW] falls within the range of 41 to 45 [kW], the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 performs control category 1, control category 3, control category as shown in FIG. 2 and control group 4 are set as independent demand reduction plans, and a demand reduction plan (plan P14) in which the demand reduction amount and the number of people included in the entries of this set are totaled is generated.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a demand reduction plan generated by the generation method shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, an important reduction amount and the number of people are associated with each demand reduction plan (P11 to P14). Further, in FIG. 6, the influence level of the number of persons affected by the demand reduction based on the number of persons in each demand reduction plan is associated as an influence index.

  Here, an example is shown in which the level is increased in increments of 5 people, level 1 when the number of people is 1 to 5, level 2 when the number of people is 6 to 10, and the degree of influence increases as the level increases. . The number of affected persons is not limited to the above example. For example, according to the ratio of the number of persons in each demand reduction plan to the total number of entries stored in the control category management file 141 (38 persons in FIG. 3). It is also possible to divide the level. In FIG. 6, the impact level is derived based on the number of people, but the impact level may be derived based on the demand reduction amount.

  In the above example, the influence index is a discrete value by level division, but may be a continuous value. In this case, for example, the number of people or the demand reduction amount itself may be used, or the ratio of the number of people in each demand reduction plan to the total number of entries stored in the control category management file 141 (38 people in FIG. 3) may be used. .

  Another method for generating the demand reduction plan is to use the total number of people as an influence index. Hereinafter, an example of a method for generating a demand reduction plan when the total number of people is used as an influence index will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 7, and 8. Here, the case where the reference | standard at the time of producing | generating as an independent demand reduction plan shall be 6 or more and the scale is every 5 persons (6-10, 11-15 ...) is demonstrated. Moreover, although the example which combines a control classification in the ascending order of the number of people is demonstrated, it is not restricted to this, You may combine a control classification in the ascending order of a demand reduction amount.

  First, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 refers to the number 2 [persons] of “control category 1” having the smallest number of entries among the entries illustrated in FIG. 4. In this case, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 does not generate a demand reduction plan for “control category 1” because it is less than the six standard users.

  Next, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 calculates the total number 6 [persons] of the number of people for the set of “control category 1” and “control category 3” in ascending order of the number of people. In this case, since the total value falls within the range of 6 to 10 [persons], the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 reduces the demand of the control category 1 and the control category 3 independently as shown in FIG. As a plan, a demand reduction plan (plan P21) in which the demand reduction amount and the number of people included in this set of entries are totaled is generated.

  Subsequently, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 calculates the total number 13 [persons] of the number of people for the group of “control category 1”, “control category 3”, and “control category 2” in ascending order of the number of people. In this case, since the total value falls within the range of 11 to 15 [person], the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 sets a group of the control category 1, the control category 3 and the control category 2 as shown in FIG. As an independent demand reduction plan, a demand reduction plan (plan P22) in which the demand reduction amount and the number of people included in this set of entries are totaled is generated.

  Further, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 sets the total number 38 [persons] of the number of persons for the set of “control category 1”, “control category 3”, “control category 2”, and “control category 4” in ascending order of the number of people. calculate. In this case, since the total value 38 [person] falls within the range of 36 to 40 [kW], the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 performs control category 1, control category 3, control category as shown in FIG. 2 and control group 4 are set as independent demand reduction plans, and a demand reduction plan (plan P23) in which the demand reduction amount and the number of people included in the entries of this group are totaled is generated.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a demand reduction plan generated by the generation method shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, an important reduction amount and the number of people are associated with each demand reduction plan (P21 to P23). Also, in FIG. 8, as in FIG. 6, the level of the number of persons affected by the demand reduction is associated based on the number of persons in each demand reduction plan.

  Furthermore, it is good also as a form which uses elements other than the said example as an influence index, for example, it is good also considering the value [person / kW] which divided the number of people by the demand reduction amount as an influence index. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, at the stage of storing the electricity reduction amount and the number of people for each control category in the control category management file 141, a value (influence index) obtained by dividing the number of people by the demand reduction amount is calculated. It is good also as a form to do. Here, FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another example of the data structure of the control category management file 141. For each control category, the demand reduction amount [kW] and the influence index [person / kW] are stored in association with each other. ing.

  Moreover, when using the control classification management file 141 shown in FIG. 9, the demand reduction plan production | generation part 15 acquires the sort result shown in FIG. 10 by sorting in the ascending order of influence index [person / kW]. And the demand reduction plan production | generation part 15 produces | generates a demand reduction plan by using the production | generation method similar to the above on the basis of the total value of a demand reduction amount and an influence index.

  The demand reduction plan generation unit 15 may calculate the value obtained by dividing the number of people by the amount of demand reduction. In this case, for example, the number of people included in each entry when sorting the entries in the control category management file 141 is used. The impact index [person / kW] may be calculated from the demand reduction amount and the sorting may be performed based on the calculated value. Thereby, the same sort result as FIG. 10 is acquirable.

  Furthermore, it is good also as a form using environmental information, such as temperature, humidity, and illumination intensity for every control division, for calculation of the influence index mentioned above. There are no particular limitations on the method for acquiring these environmental information, and various methods can be used. For example, the temperature and humidity measured by the air conditioner installed in the control section may be acquired via communication, or the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor installed for lighting control is communicated. The form to get through is very good. Moreover, it is good also as a form which acquires the temperature, humidity, and illumination intensity measured by the dedicated sensor installed in the control division via communication. Moreover, it is good also as a form which measures illumination intensity based on the picked-up image of the camera used for a number measurement.

When temperature is used as the environmental information, for example, the influence index can be determined using the following formulas (1) and (2). In addition, “the amount of change in temperature due to demand reduction” in the following formulas (1) and (2) can be obtained using a method given in advance as a constant, or a model of temperature change based on the season, outside temperature, or the like. . Further, the influence index can be calculated with respect to humidity by the same method.
Absolute value of temperature change due to demand reduction / current temperature (1)
Absolute value of temperature change due to demand reduction × number of people (2)

When illuminance is used as the environmental information, for example, the influence index for each control category can be calculated by using the following formulas (3) and (4). Here, “the amount of change in illuminance due to demand reduction” in the following formulas (3) and (4) is obtained by using a constant method in advance or a model of illuminance change (function of illuminance with respect to power consumption, etc.) be able to.
Amount of decrease in illuminance due to demand reduction / current illuminance (3)
Amount of decrease in illuminance due to demand reduction × number of people (4)

  In addition, the time when the demand reduction plan is generated is not limited to the present (current day), but may be the future such as one day or one week later. When generating a demand reduction plan for the future, based on the history of the number of people and the demand reduction amount in each control category stored in the control category management file 141, the number of people and the demand reduction amount for each future control category are calculated. Predicted by a known statistical processing method.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the prediction method is a method in which the average of the history for the past seven days is used as a prediction result, or as shown in FIG. Or the like can be used. Here, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 are diagrams for explaining a prediction method of the number of people and the demand reduction amount. Furthermore, the results predicted by these methods are corrected by obtaining the weather and temperature from the weather forecast and correcting upwards when the temperature of the forecast target day is higher than the day used for forecasting in summer. Also good. The demand reduction plan for the future can be generated by using the predicted number of people and the demand reduction amount for each control category obtained by these methods.

  The device control unit 16 is a functional unit that controls the amount of power supplied to the power consuming device EL provided in each control category. Upon receiving the demand reduction amount notification from the power management apparatus 20, the device control unit 16 performs control such that the power consuming equipment EL provided in each control category satisfies the demand reduction amount in accordance with the notified demand reduction amount. Do. For example, the amount of light is decreased for illumination, and the set temperature is increased for air conditioning in summer. In addition, when receiving the notification of the power reduction plan from the power management apparatus 20, the device control unit 16 supplies power consumption equipment EL provided in each control category according to the demand reduction amount of each control category included in this demand reduction plan. Reduce the amount of power supply.

  When an identifier capable of specifying the demand reduction plan is notified from the power management apparatus 20, a demand reduction plan corresponding to the notified identifier is acquired from the demand reduction plan generation unit 15, and this demand reduction plan is acquired. Based on the above, it is assumed that the power consuming equipment EL provided in each control section performs control so as to satisfy the demand reduction amount.

  The communication control unit 17 performs data communication with the power management apparatus 20 using a communication interface (not shown) that can be connected to a network such as the Internet. Specifically, the communication control unit 17 transmits a set of the adjustment margin calculated by the adjustment margin calculation unit 11 and the demand reduction plan generated by the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 to the power management apparatus 20. Further, the communication control unit 17 receives the demand reduction amount transmitted from the power management apparatus 20.

  The power supply / demand adjustment apparatus 10 is connected to a computer configuration such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), ROM (Read Only Memory), and RAM (Random Access Memory), a storage device such as an HDD or an SSD, and a network such as the Internet. Interface (not shown). Note that the adjustment margin calculation unit 11, the demand reduction amount calculation unit 12, the number of people measurement unit 13, the control category management unit 14, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15, the device control unit 16, and the communication control unit 17 described above may include CPU and ROM or It is good also as a form implement | achieved by cooperation with the predetermined | prescribed program memorize | stored in the memory | storage device, and a form implement | achieved by the hardware constitutions.

  On the other hand, the power management apparatus 20 includes an information collection unit 21, a demand reduction amount distribution unit 22, a demand reduction amount notification unit 23, and a communication control unit 24.

  The information collection unit 21 collects the adjustment margin and the demand reduction plan from the adjustment margin calculation unit 11 and the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 of each consumer. Collection is carried out through a network such as the Internet.

  The demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 is a functional unit that calculates the demand reduction amount requested to each customer based on the collected adjustment capacity of each customer and the demand reduction plan.

  Specifically, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 totals the adjustment margins collected from each demand, and determines whether the total value is equal to or greater than a predetermined target reduction amount. Here, when the total adjustment margin is equal to or greater than the target reduction amount, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 distributes the demand reduction amount within the range of the adjustment margin collected from each consumer. Here, the distribution method is not particularly limited, and various methods can be used. For example, it may be distributed so that the demand reduction amount of each consumer is equal, or may be distributed so that the ratio of the demand reduction amount to the adjustment capacity of each consumer is equal.

  Further, when the total adjustment capacity is less than the target reduction amount, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 distributes the demand reduction amount based on the demand reduction plan collected from each consumer. Hereinafter, the distribution method of the demand reduction amount based on the demand reduction plan will be described.

  As an example, the target power (target reduction amount) to be reduced by the entire customer (customers A and B) is 60 [kW], the adjustment capacity of customer A is 4 [kW], and the adjustment capacity of customer B is 11 [KW]. In this case, even if the adjustment margins are totaled, the target reduction amount of 60 [kW] cannot be achieved, and 45 [kW] is not achieved. Therefore, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 integrates (merges) the demand reduction plans collected from the customer A and the customer B.

  For example, assuming that FIG. 13A is a demand reduction plan for customer A and FIG. 13B is a demand reduction plan for customer B, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 integrates these demand reduction plans. Thus, the integration result shown in FIG. 13C (hereinafter referred to as an integrated demand reduction plan) is obtained. Here, FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22. In the demand reduction plans of FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), an example in which the number of people itself is an influence index. Show. FIG. 13C shows the result of sorting in ascending order of the number of people during integration.

  The demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 distributes the demand reduction amount to each consumer by selecting a demand reduction plan that satisfies the target reduction amount from the integrated demand reduction plan. Here, the method for selecting the demand reduction plan is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to select a set of demand reduction plans in which the total number of people is smaller. It is also preferable to select a combination of demand reduction plans for each consumer.

  For example, in the case of the integrated demand reduction plan of FIG. 13C, when a demand reduction plan that satisfies the unachieved 45 [kW] and that has the smallest total number of people is selected, the demand reduction plan P34 of the customer A And the group with the demand reduction plan P41 of the consumer B is selected. In addition, since there is one demand reduction plan that can be implemented by each consumer, a plurality of plans cannot be selected by the same consumer.

In addition, according to the influence index of the selected demand reduction plan, the demand reduction amount distribution part 22 is good also as a form which gives consideration (incentive) to a corresponding consumer. For example, when the demand reduction plan P34 and the demand reduction plan P41 in FIG. 13C are selected, the electricity per 1 [kWh] of power consumption is determined according to the number of people (38 people, 15 people) included in each plan. Rates may be used as the form of discount prescribed amount of money. Further, as described above, when the influence index is discretely indicated as a level, an incentive may be given according to each level.

  The demand reduction amount notification unit 23 notifies the corresponding device control unit 16 of the customer via the communication control unit 24 of the demand reduction amount distributed by the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 based on the adjustment capacity. Further, the demand reduction amount notification unit 23 may notify the corresponding device control unit 16 of the consumer via the communication control unit 24 of the demand reduction plan selected by the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22.

  For example, when the demand reduction plan P34 and the demand reduction plan P41 in FIG. 13C are selected by the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22, the demand reduction amount notification unit 23 sends a demand reduction plan to the device control unit 16 of the consumer A. While notifying P34, the demand reduction plan P41 is notified to the device control unit 16 of the consumer B. In addition, it is good also as a form which notifies the demand reduction amount contained in the demand reduction plan P34, and it is good also as a form which notifies the identifier which can identify the demand reduction plan P34.

  The communication control unit 24 performs data communication with the power supply / demand adjustment apparatus 10 of each consumer using a communication interface (not shown) connectable to a network such as the Internet. Specifically, the communication control unit 24 receives a set of adjustment margin and a demand reduction plan transmitted from the power supply and demand adjustment device 10 of each consumer. In addition, the communication control unit 24 transmits the demand reduction amount to the power supply and demand adjustment device 10 of each consumer according to the control of the demand reduction amount notification unit 23.

  The power management apparatus 20 includes a computer configuration such as a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM, a storage device such as an HDD and an SSD, and an interface for connecting to a network such as the Internet (all not shown). The information collection unit 21, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22, the demand reduction amount notification unit 23, and the communication control unit 24 described above are realized by cooperation between the CPU and a predetermined program stored in the ROM or the storage device. It may be a form, or may be realized by a hardware configuration.

  In the power supply and demand adjusting apparatus 10 of each consumer, when the device control unit 16 receives the notification of the demand reduction amount, the power consuming equipment EL performs control so as to satisfy the demand reduction amount based on the demand reduction amount. Thereby, the target reduction amount is achieved.

  Next, the operation of the power management system configured as described above will be described. Here, FIG. 14 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the power management system according to the first embodiment. In addition, in FIG. 14, although two consumers (customers A and B) are shown, the number shall not be ask | required in particular.

  First, in the electric power supply and demand adjustment apparatus 10 of the customer A and the customer B, a reduction potential amount derivation process for deriving an adjustment margin and a demand reduction plan is started (steps S11 and S12). Here, the timing of executing the reducible amount derivation process is not particularly limited. For example, as a form in which a demand reduction request is notified from the power management apparatus 20 or every predetermined time interval (for example, 30 minutes). Also good. Hereinafter, the reducible amount derivation process will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of a reduction amount derivation process. First, the adjustment margin calculation unit 11 calculates the adjustment margin of the customer provided with the device (step S21).

  The demand reduction amount calculation unit 12 calculates a demand reduction amount for each control category (step S22). Next, the person counting unit 13 measures the number of persons existing in each control category based on the output from each sensor device SN (step S23). The demand reduction amount of each control category calculated by the demand reduction amount calculation unit 12 and the number of people of each control category measured by the number measurement unit 13 are stored in the control category management file 141 managed by the control category management file 141. Stored.

  Subsequently, the demand reduction plan generation unit 15 sequentially combines the control categories stored in the control category management file 141 based on a predetermined influence index, and gradually calculates the total value of the demand reduction amount by each set of the control categories. A plurality of demand reduction plans increased in step S24 are generated (step S24), and this process is terminated.

  The timing for executing the information output process is not particularly limited. For example, the information output process may be executed when the power management apparatus 20 is notified of the collection of the adjustment capacity and the demand reduction plan, or may be executed at predetermined time intervals. It is good also as a form to do.

  Returning to FIG. 14, in each of the customer A and the customer B, the communication control unit 17 transmits the adjustment margin and the demand reduction plan set obtained by the reduction amount derivation process to the power management apparatus 20 (step S <b> 13). , S14).

  On the other hand, in the power management device 20, when the information collection unit 21 collects the adjustment margin and the demand reduction plan pair transmitted from the power supply and demand adjustment device 10 of the customer A and the customer B, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 Based on the collected adjustment capacity and demand reduction plan of each consumer, a demand reduction amount distribution process is executed (step S15). Hereinafter, the demand reduction amount distribution process will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of demand reduction amount distribution processing. First, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 calculates the total value of the collected adjustment capacity of each consumer (step S31). Next, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 determines whether or not the total value calculated in step S31 is equal to or greater than a predetermined target reduction amount (step S32). Here, when the total adjustment capacity is equal to or greater than the target reduction amount (step S32; Yes), the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 reduces the demand so as to satisfy the target reduction amount within the range of the adjustment capacity collected from each demand. The amount is distributed to each consumer (step S33), and this process is terminated.

  When the total adjustment capacity is less than the target reduction amount (step S32; No), the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 generates an integrated demand reduction plan by integrating the demand reduction plans collected from each customer. (Step S34). Next, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 selects a demand reduction plan that satisfies the target reduction amount from the integrated demand reduction plan (step S35). And the demand reduction amount distribution part 22 distributes the demand reduction amount contained in the demand reduction plan selected at step S34 to the consumer corresponding to the said demand reduction plan (step S36), and complete | finishes this process.

  Returning to FIG. 14, the demand reduction amount notification unit 23 notifies the demand reduction amount distributed to each consumer in the demand reduction amount distribution processing to the power demand adjustment apparatus 10 of the corresponding consumer (steps S <b> 16 and S <b> 17). . As described above, when a demand reduction plan is selected, the demand reduction plan or an identifier that can identify the demand reduction plan may be notified.

  In response to the demand reduction amount notification from the power management apparatus 20, the device control unit 16 performs control such that the power consuming equipment EL provided in each control category satisfies the demand reduction amount according to the demand reduction amount (step S18). , S19).

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, when the total value of the adjustment capacity of each customer is less than the target reduction amount, the demand reduction amount is distributed based on the demand reduction plan generated by each customer. Therefore, the power demand can be reduced more flexibly. In addition, by using the demand reduction plan of each consumer, the amount of demand reduction can be distributed based on the magnitude of the impact on each consumer (impact index), so human comfort and productivity are taken into account. While achieving the target reduction amount.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment will be described. This embodiment demonstrates the form which can adjust adjustment surplus power between consumers. In addition, about the element similar to 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is provided and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply and demand adjustment apparatus 10a according to the second embodiment. As shown in the figure, the power supply and demand adjustment device 10a includes an adjustment margin calculation unit 11, a demand reduction amount calculation unit 12, a number of people measurement unit 13, a control category management unit 14, a demand reduction plan generation unit 15, The apparatus control part 16, the communication control part 17, and the adjustment surplus power adjustment part 18 are provided.

  Here, the adjustment margin adjustment unit 18 performs data communication with the adjustment margin adjustment unit 18 of another customer via the communication control unit 17 and adjusts by cooperating with the adjustment margin adjustment of the other customer. Adjust the remaining power.

  Specifically, the adjustment surplus adjustment unit 18 adjusts the remaining reserve capacity adjustment unit 18 of the other customer to the adjustment reserve capacity adjustment unit 18 of the other customer when the adjustment reserve capacity of the customer does not reach a predetermined reference value. Send adjustment proposal for. Here, it is assumed that the adjustment proposal includes a shortage of power for requesting substitution. The adjustment proposal may include a compensation amount generated by the agency (for example, 100 yen per 1 [kWh]).

  On the other hand, when an adjustment proposal is received from another consumer (adjustment surplus power adjustment unit 18), the adjustment surplus power adjustment unit 18 controls the adjustment surplus power calculation unit 11 so as to calculate the adjustment surplus power of its own consumer. It is determined whether or not to approve the adjustment proposal according to the adjusted adjustment capacity. When the adjustment proposal is approved, the adjustment margin adjustment unit 18 notifies the adjustment margin adjustment unit 18 of the other customer who has transmitted the adjustment proposal that the adjustment proposal is approved, and the adjustment proposal is adjusted to the adjustment margin of its own customer. Add indicated power. Moreover, when rejecting an adjustment proposal, it shall notify to the adjustment capacity adjustment part 18 of the other consumer who transmitted the adjustment proposal that it refuses.

  When the adjustment margin adjustment unit 18 that has transmitted the adjustment proposal receives a notification of approval, the adjustment margin adjustment unit 18 holds the adjustment margin of its own consumer as it is. In addition, when adjustment proposal is refused, it is good also as a form which stops transmission of adjustment proposal, and it is good also as a form which transmits adjustment proposal to the adjustment capacity adjustment part 18 of another consumer.

  As an example, it is assumed that each customer (customers A and B) is obligated to have a surplus adjustment capacity of 100 [kW] or more (if it is insufficient, a penalty of 1000 yen per 1 [kWh] is paid). Here, when the adjustment margin calculation unit 11 of the customer A calculates the adjustment margin and the value becomes 40 [kW], a shortage of 60 [kW] occurs. Therefore, the adjustment capacity adjustment unit 18 of the consumer A transmits an adjustment proposal for requesting the surrogate 60 [kW] to the adjustment capacity adjustment unit 18 of the consumer B.

  Upon receiving the adjustment proposal, the adjustment capacity adjustment section 18 of the consumer B controls the adjustment capacity calculation section 11 of the customer's own customer to calculate the adjustment capacity. The adjustment margin adjustment unit 18 determines whether it is possible to substitute 60 [kW] requested in the adjustment proposal based on the calculated adjustment margin, and if it is determined that it is possible, a notification of approval To the adjustment capacity adjustment part 18 of the consumer A The determination method for determining whether or not it is possible is not particularly limited. For example, it is determined that the requested power is possible when the requested power is within a predetermined ratio (for example, 30%) of the calculated adjustment margin. Alternatively, it may be determined that it is possible when the total value of the requested power and the calculated adjustment margin is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold. Moreover, when the compensation amount is included in the adjustment proposal, it may be determined whether or not this compensation amount is possible depending on whether or not the compensation amount satisfies a predetermined reference amount.

  Here, the adjustment margin adjustment part 18 of the consumer B adds 60 [kW] requested by the adjustment proposal to the calculated adjustment margin when the adjustment proposal is approved. Further, the adjustment capacity adjustment unit 18 of the consumer A who has received the notification of approval holds the adjustment capacity 40 [kW].

  Next, the operation of the power management system having the above-described power supply / demand adjustment apparatus 10a will be described. Here, FIG. 18 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the power management system according to the second embodiment. In addition, although FIG. 18 shows two consumers (customers A and B), the number is not particularly limited.

  First, in the consumer A, the adjustment margin calculation unit 11 calculates the adjustment margin (step S41). The adjustment capacity adjustment unit 18 of the consumer A compares the adjustment capacity calculated in step S41 with a predetermined reference value, and if the adjustment capacity does not satisfy the reference value, an adjustment proposal is made to request a substitute for the shortage. Then, it transmits to the adjustment capacity adjustment part 18 of the consumer B (step S42).

  Here, it is preferable to execute the processes of steps S41 and S42 in the above-described reduction possible amount derivation process. Specifically, by executing step S42 in conjunction with step S21 (step S41) shown in FIG. 15, prior to sending out the adjustment capacity and the demand reduction plan to the power management apparatus 20, Adjustments can be made. In FIG. 18, the notation of the reducible amount derivation process is omitted.

  On the other hand, the adjustment capacity adjustment section 18 of the consumer B that has received the adjustment proposal causes the adjustment capacity calculation section 11 of its own consumer to calculate the adjustment capacity (step S43), and indicates with the calculated adjustment capacity and adjustment proposal. It is determined whether or not it is possible to perform substitution based on the generated power. Here, when it is determined that substitution is possible, the adjustment capacity adjustment unit 18 of the consumer B transmits an approval message to the adjustment capacity adjustment unit 18 of the consumer A (step S44). Then, the adjustment capacity adjustment part 18 of the consumer B adds the electric power instruct | indicated by the adjustment proposal to the adjustment capacity of an own consumer.

  When receiving the approval from the adjustment capacity adjustment section 18 of the consumer B, the adjustment capacity adjustment section 18 of the consumer A holds the adjustment capacity of the customer as it is. And according to the request | requirement from the power management apparatus 20, etc., the consumer A and the consumer B transmit the adjustment margin after adjustment to the power management apparatus 20 with a demand reduction plan (step S45, S46).

  In the power management apparatus 20, when the information collection unit 21 collects the adjustment margin (and the demand reduction plan) transmitted from each of the customer A and the customer B, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 performs the demand reduction amount distribution process. Is executed (step S47). In addition, since the process of subsequent step S47-S51 is the same as that of step S15-S19 of 1st Embodiment mentioned above, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, by adjusting the adjustment margin between consumers, when the adjustment margin at one's own customer does not satisfy a predetermined reference value, the insufficient amount of adjustment margin is obtained. Therefore, it is possible to more flexibly reduce power demand. Further, by adjusting the adjustment margin and the adjustment margin before sending the adjustment margin to the power management device 20 and the demand reduction plan, the power management device 20 distributes the demand reduction amount based on the adjustment margin after the adjustment. Therefore, the power demand can be reduced more flexibly.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, the said embodiment was shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. The above embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, changes, combinations, additions, and the like can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Moreover, the said embodiment and its deformation | transformation are included in the range of the invention, the summary, and the invention described in the claim, and its equal range.

  For example, in the power management system of the above embodiment, one power supply / demand adjustment apparatus 10 is provided in one consumer. However, the number of power supply / demand adjustment apparatuses 10 in the consumer is not limited to this. For example, it is good also as a structure which provides the electric power supply-and-demand adjustment apparatus 10 for every tenant which exists in one consumer like the electric power management system shown in FIG. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 19, it is good also as a structure which provides the power management apparatus 20 in a consumer. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the power management system.

  Further, in the configuration example of FIG. 19, each tenant is provided with the adjustment margin calculation unit 11, the demand reduction amount calculation unit 12, and the demand reduction plan generation unit 15. However, the configuration is not limited thereto, and the adjustment margin calculation unit 11, demand A configuration in which a reduction amount calculation unit 12 and a demand reduction plan generation unit 15 are provided in a customer and adjustment capacity, calculation of demand reduction, and generation of a demand reduction plan for all tenants is performed using these functional units. Good. Further, in this configuration, the demand reduction amount distribution unit 22 of the power management apparatus 20 is connected to the adjustment margin calculation unit 11, the demand reduction amount calculation unit 12, and the demand reduction plan generation unit 15, so that one customer can It may be configured to perform adjustment margin calculation, demand reduction amount calculation, demand reduction plan generation, and demand reduction amount distribution.

  In addition, the program executed by the power supply and demand adjustment device 10 (10a) and the power management device 20 of the above embodiment is provided by being incorporated in advance in a storage medium included in each device, but is not limited thereto and can be installed. The file is recorded in a computer-readable recording medium such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk (FD), a CD-R, or a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) in a format or executable format. Also good. Furthermore, the storage medium is not limited to a medium independent of a computer or an embedded system, but also includes a storage medium in which a program transmitted via a LAN, the Internet, or the like is downloaded and stored or temporarily stored.

  Further, the program executed by the power supply and demand adjustment device 10 (10a) and the power management device 20 of the above embodiment is stored on a computer connected to a network such as the Internet, and is provided by being downloaded via the network. You may comprise, and you may comprise so that it may provide or distribute via networks, such as the internet.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 10a Electric power supply-demand adjustment apparatus 11 Adjustment surplus power calculation part 12 Demand reduction amount calculation part 13 Person number measurement part 14 Control classification management part 141 Control classification management file 15 Demand reduction plan generation part 16 Equipment control part 17 Communication control part 18 Adjustment surplus power adjustment Unit 20 Power management device 21 Information collection unit 22 Demand reduction amount distribution unit 23 Demand reduction amount notification unit 24 Communication control unit EL Power consumption device SN Sensor device

Claims (13)

In a consumer having a plurality of electrical devices, for each control category that is a power control unit of the electrical device, environmental information acquisition means for acquiring environmental information indicating an environmental state of the control category;
Demand reduction amount calculation means for calculating power that can be reduced in each of the control categories as a demand reduction amount;
Using the environmental information or the demand reduction amount of each of the control categories, an impact index determining means for determining an impact index indicating the magnitude of the impact associated with the implementation of the demand reduction amount;
Demand reduction plan generation means for generating a plurality of demand reduction plans in which the control classification is combined based on the influence index, and the total value of the demand reduction amount is increased stepwise by each set of the control classification;
Of the plurality of demand reduction plans, according to the demand reduction amount of each control category included in the demand reduction plan selected by the external device, device control means for controlling the electrical equipment belonging to the control category,
A power supply and demand adjustment device comprising:   The power supply and demand adjustment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the influence index determining means determines the influence index by classifying the environmental information or the demand reduction amount by a predetermined scale. The environmental information acquisition means acquires the number of persons according to each of the control categories as the environmental information,
The power supply / demand adjustment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the influence index determination means determines the number of persons themselves or a value obtained by leveling the number of persons according to a predetermined scale as the influence index. The environmental information acquisition means acquires any or all of temperature, humidity and illuminance related to each of the control categories as the environmental information,
The power supply / demand adjustment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the influence index determination unit determines the influence index using any one of temperature, humidity, and illuminance of each of the control sections.   The power demand / supply adjusting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the demand reduction plan generation unit generates the demand reduction plan by combining in order from a control category having a small influence index. A storage unit for storing the environmental information acquired by the environmental information acquisition unit and the demand reduction amount calculated by the demand reduction amount calculation unit in association with each other for a predetermined period;
The demand reduction plan generation means predicts future environmental information and demand reduction amount for each of the control categories from past environmental information and demand reduction amount stored in the storage means, and predicts the predicted environment information and demand reduction. The power supply and demand adjustment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the demand reduction plan is generated based on a quantity. An adjustment margin calculating means for calculating an adjustment margin indicating power that can be reduced by the consumer;
The demand reduction plan generation means generates a demand reduction plan capable of realizing a demand reduction amount exceeding at least the adjustment capacity,
The said equipment control means controls the said electric equipment according to the demand reduction amount distributed by the external apparatus based on the said adjustment margin, or the demand reduction amount of each control classification contained in the said selected demand reduction plan. The power supply and demand adjustment apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 6. It further comprises adjusting means for adjusting the adjustment margin with other power supply and demand adjusting devices,
The adjustment means determines whether or not to approve the substitution according to the adjustment margin of the own apparatus calculated by the adjustment margin calculation means when the substitution of power reduction is requested from the other power supply and demand adjustment apparatus. The power supply and demand adjustment apparatus according to claim 7 to be determined.   When the adjustment margin of the device calculated by the adjustment margin calculation unit does not reach a predetermined target demand reduction amount, the adjustment unit reduces power reduction by the shortage of the target demand reduction amount to other power supply and demand. The power supply and demand adjustment device according to claim 8, wherein the adjustment device requests the adjustment device. A power management system including a plurality of power supply and demand adjustment devices and a power management device,
Each of the power supply and demand adjustment devices is an environment information acquisition unit that acquires environmental information indicating an environmental state of the control category for each control category that is a power control unit of the electrical device in a consumer having a plurality of electrical devices. Demand reduction amount calculation means for calculating the power that can be reduced in each of the control categories as a demand reduction amount, and the impact of implementing the demand reduction amount using the environmental information or the demand reduction amount of each control category An influence index determining means for determining an influence index indicating the size of the control unit, and a plurality of the control classifications based on the influence index, and the total value of the demand reduction amount is increased stepwise by each set of the control classifications Demand reduction plan generating means for generating a plurality of demand reduction plans, and among the plurality of demand reduction plans, for each control category included in the demand reduction plan notified from the power management device Accordance principal reductions, and instrument control means for controlling the electric device belonging to the control segment,
With
The power management device includes: a selection unit that selects a demand reduction plan that satisfies a predetermined target demand reduction amount from the demand reduction plans generated by each of the power supply and demand adjustment devices; and the demand reduction plan selected by the selection unit Notification means for notifying the corresponding power supply and demand adjustment device,
A power management system comprising: The selection unit selects a set of demand reduction plans that satisfy a target demand reduction amount and that minimizes the influence index related to the demand reduction plan among the demand reduction plans generated by each of the power supply and demand adjustment devices. The power management system according to claim 10. Each of the power supply and demand adjustment devices further comprises an adjustment margin calculating means for calculating an adjustment margin indicating electric power that can be reduced by a customer.
The demand reduction plan generation means generates a demand reduction plan capable of realizing a demand reduction amount exceeding at least the adjustment capacity,
When the total value of the adjustment surplus calculated by each of the power supply and demand adjustment devices is equal to or greater than the target demand reduction amount, the selection means reduces the demand reduction amount to each of the power supply and demand adjustment devices within the range of the total value. When the total value is less than the target demand reduction amount, a demand reduction plan that satisfies a predetermined target demand reduction amount is selected from the demand reduction plans generated by each of the power supply and demand adjustment devices,
The notification means notifies the corresponding power supply and demand adjustment device of the demand reduction amount distributed by the selection means or the selected demand reduction plan,
The power management system according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the device control unit controls the electric device according to a demand reduction amount notified from the notification unit or a demand reduction amount of each control category included in a demand reduction plan. The power management apparatus further includes a granting unit that grants an incentive to a consumer of the power supply and demand adjustment device corresponding to the demand reduction plan according to an influence index related to the demand reduction plan selected by the selection unit. Item 13. The power management system according to any one of Items 10 to 12.

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