JP5708425B2 - Method for forming grooved disk or grooved cylindrical container - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、円板状の被加工材を溝付円板または溝付円筒容器に冷間成形する成形方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a forming method for cold forming a disk-shaped workpiece into a grooved disk or a grooved cylindrical container.
被加工材をパンチとダイスの間に挟み、パンチを被加工材に押し込んで成形することは周知である（例えば、特許文献１〜３参照）。また、リング状の溝部を有する円板の成形方法において、円板状の被加工材をリング状の凸部を持つパンチとリング状の凹部を持つダイスの間に挟み、パンチを被加工材に押し込んで溝部を成形することも周知である。そして、そのようにして成形した溝付円板の端部を曲げて円筒容器が成形されている。上述した成形では、リング状の凸部を持つパンチとリング状の凹部を持つダイスの間に円板状の被加工材を挟んだ状態で溝を成形する際に、割れが発生するという問題があった。 It is well known that a workpiece is sandwiched between a punch and a die, and the punch is pressed into the workpiece to be molded (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). Further, in a method of forming a disk having a ring-shaped groove, a disk-shaped workpiece is sandwiched between a punch having a ring-shaped convex portion and a die having a ring-shaped concave portion, and the punch is used as a workpiece. It is also well known that the groove is formed by pressing. And the cylindrical container is shape | molded by bending the edge part of the grooved disc shape | molded in that way. In the above-described molding, there is a problem that cracking occurs when a groove is molded with a disk-shaped workpiece sandwiched between a punch having a ring-shaped convex part and a die having a ring-shaped concave part. there were.
また、成形時に破壊が生じるかどうかについての延性破壊条件式は、非特許文献１に種々の条件式が提案されている。 Moreover, various conditional expressions have been proposed in Non-Patent Document 1 as to the ductile fracture conditional expression regarding whether or not fracture occurs during molding.
そこで本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、円板状の被加工材を冷間成形して溝付円板または溝付円筒容器に冷間成形する際に発生する割れを防止する成形方法を提供することを課題とする。 Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and prevents cracks that occur when a disk-shaped workpiece is cold-formed and cold-formed into a grooved disk or a grooved cylindrical container. It is an object to provide a molding method.
本発明者らは円板状の被加工材に溝部を成形することで発生する割れ防止方法について鋭意検討を行った。その結果、図２に示すように中央部に凹部２２ａを持つパンチ２２と中央部に凸部２３ａを持つダイス２３の間に被加工材２１を挟み、パンチ２２を被加工材２１に押し込んで被加工材の中央部に凸部２４ａを成形し、引続き、図３に示すようにリング状の凸部３２ａを持つパンチ３２と中央部に凸部３３ａを持つダイス３３の間に被加工材３１を挟んだ状態でリング状のダイス３４を押し込んで溝部を成形することで割れが防止できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 The present inventors have intensively studied a method for preventing cracks generated by forming a groove in a disk-shaped workpiece. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the workpiece 21 is sandwiched between a punch 22 having a recess 22a at the center and a die 23 having a projection 23a at the center, and the punch 22 is pushed into the workpiece 21 to be covered. A convex portion 24a is formed at the center of the workpiece, and subsequently, the workpiece 31 is placed between a punch 32 having a ring-shaped convex portion 32a and a die 33 having a convex portion 33a at the central portion as shown in FIG. It was found that cracks could be prevented by pressing the ring-shaped die 34 in a sandwiched state to form a groove, thereby completing the present invention.
本発明の要旨は、次の通りである。 The gist of the present invention is as follows.
（１）円板状の被加工材をリング状の凸部を持つパンチとリング状の凹部を持つダイスの間に挟み、パンチを被加工材に押し込んで溝部を成形する際に、有限要素法を用いて破断解析を行い、破断しない判定が得られた場合は前記成形で溝部の冷間成形を行い、破断する判定が得られた場合、中央部に凹部を持つパンチと中央部に凸部を持つダイスの間に被加工材を挟み、パンチを被加工材に押し込んで被加工材の中央部に凸部を成形し、引続き、リング状の凸部を持つパンチと中央部に凸部を持つダイスの間に被加工材を挟んだ状態でリング状のダイスを押し込んで溝部を冷間成形することを特徴とする溝付円板の成形方法。
(1) When a disk-shaped workpiece is sandwiched between a punch having a ring-shaped convex portion and a die having a ring-shaped concave portion and the punch is pressed into the workpiece to form a groove portion, a finite element method is used. perform fracture analysis using, if it is determined not to break resulting performed cold forming of grooves in the molding, the determination is obtained if broken, the punch and the central portion having a recess Hisashi Naka portion A workpiece is sandwiched between dies having a convex portion, a punch is pushed into the workpiece, a convex portion is formed in the central portion of the workpiece, and subsequently, a punch having a ring-shaped convex portion and a convex portion in the central portion are formed. A method for forming a grooved disk, comprising: pressing a ring-shaped die in a state where a workpiece is sandwiched between dies having a portion and cold-forming the groove portion.
（２） 上記（１）記載の成形方法で溝部を冷間成形した溝付円板をリング状のダイス上に置き、円柱状のパンチを押し込んで縦壁部を冷間成形することを特徴とする溝付円筒容器の製造方法。
(2) above (1) a groove in SL mounting molding methods place the disc with grooves which are cold-formed on the ring-shaped die, characterized in that cold forming a vertical wall portion pushes the cylindrical punch A method for producing a grooved cylindrical container.
（３） 上記（１）記載の成形方法での破断解析において延性破壊条件式を用いることを特徴とする溝付円板の成形方法。
(3) above (1) Symbol mounting method of forming grooved disc, which comprises using a ductile fracture condition in fracture analysis of a molding method.
本発明によれば、円板状の被加工材を溝付円板または溝付円筒容器に冷間成形する際に、割れの発生を防止する成形方法を提供することができ、例えば、車両部品、産業機器等に使用される溝付円板および溝付円筒容器の成形に好適に適用できる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, when cold-forming a disk-shaped workpiece into a grooved disk or a grooved cylindrical container, it is possible to provide a molding method that prevents the occurrence of cracks. It can be suitably applied to the molding of grooved disks and grooved cylindrical containers used in industrial equipment and the like.
以下本発明の実施態様について図を用いて詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
溝付円板の成形では、通常、図１の溝付円板を成形する過程を示す断面図のように、円板状の被加工材をリング状の凸部１２ａを持つパンチ１２とリング状の凹部１３ａを持つダイス１３の間に挟み、パンチ１２を被加工材に押し込んで溝部を成形している。このような成形において、Ｓ５０Ｃ鋼で直径が１２０ｍｍ、板厚が２ｍｍの円板状の被加工材に溝部を成形した結果、割れが発生しなかったが、板厚が３ｍｍの厚い円板１１を用いて成形すると溝部に割れ１４ａが発生した。 In forming a grooved disk, normally, as shown in a cross-sectional view showing the process of forming the grooved disk in FIG. A groove 13 is formed by pressing the punch 12 into a workpiece and sandwiching it between dies 13 having a recess 13a. In such forming, the groove portion was formed in the disk-shaped workpiece of S50C steel having a diameter of 120 mm and a plate thickness of 2 mm. As a result, no crack was generated, but a thick disc 11 having a plate thickness of 3 mm was obtained. When it was molded, cracks 14a occurred in the groove.
本発明者らは割れ発生の原因を検討した結果、被加工材の板厚が厚くなると、外表面で曲げによる応力が大きくなることに加えて、ダイスの肩Ｒ部１３ｂ及び肩Ｒ部１３ｃで拘束された状態でパンチ１２の凸部１２ａで押し込まれて成形されるため引張変形による引張応力も作用し、曲げの外側で引張応力が過大になり割れることを突き止めた。 As a result of examining the cause of the occurrence of cracks, the present inventors have found that when the plate thickness of the workpiece increases, stress due to bending increases on the outer surface, and in addition to the shoulder R portion 13b and shoulder R portion 13c of the die. In a restrained state, it was pushed and molded by the convex portion 12a of the punch 12, so that tensile stress due to tensile deformation also acted, and it was found that the tensile stress was excessive and cracked outside the bend.
そこで、本発明者らは円板状の被加工材に溝部を成形することで発生する割れ防止方法について鋭意検討を行った結果、図２に示すように中央部に凹部２２ａを持つパンチ２２と中央部に凸部２３ａを持つダイス２３の間に被加工材２１を挟み、パンチ２２を被加工材２１に押し込んで被加工材の中央部に凸部２４ａを成形して成形品２４とし、引続き、図３に示すようにリング状の凸部３２ａを持つパンチ３２と中央部に凸部３３ａを持つダイス３３の間に被加工材３１を挟んだ状態でリング状のダイス３４を押し込んで溝部を成形して溝付円盤３５とすることで割れが防止でき、また、溝付円板の端部を曲げて成形することで、割れが発生することなく円筒容器に成形できることを見出した。 Therefore, as a result of intensive studies on a crack prevention method that occurs by forming a groove in a disk-shaped workpiece, the present inventors have found that a punch 22 having a recess 22a at the center as shown in FIG. A workpiece 21 is sandwiched between dies 23 having a convex portion 23a at the center, and a punch 22 is pushed into the workpiece 21 to form a convex portion 24a at the central portion of the workpiece to obtain a molded product 24. As shown in FIG. 3, the ring-shaped die 34 is pushed into the groove portion with the workpiece 31 sandwiched between the punch 32 having the ring-shaped convex portion 32a and the die 33 having the convex portion 33a in the central portion, thereby forming the groove portion. It has been found that cracking can be prevented by molding into a grooved disk 35, and that a cylindrical container can be molded without cracking by bending and molding the end of the grooved disk.
但し、溝の深さが浅い場合や溝の曲げ半径が大きい場合には、図１に示す１回の成形で溝の成形が可能である。そこで、本発明においては、有限要素法を用いて図１に示す成形の成形解析を行い、延性破壊条件式を用い破断判定を行い、割れる判定が得られた場合は、図２及び図３に示す２回成形を行い、割れない判定が得られた場合は図１に示す成形を行う。 However, when the groove depth is shallow or when the groove bending radius is large, the groove can be formed by a single molding shown in FIG. Therefore, in the present invention, the molding analysis of the molding shown in FIG. 1 is performed using the finite element method, the fracture determination is performed using the ductile fracture condition formula, and the fracture determination is obtained, FIG. 2 and FIG. The molding shown in FIG. 1 is performed when the two-time molding shown in FIG.
延性破壊条件式は、非特許文献１のＰ１２１〜Ｐ１２２にあるように、以下に示す種々の条件式が提案されているが、特に条件式を限定するものではない。 As the ductile fracture conditional expression, as shown in P121 to P122 of Non-Patent Document 1, various conditional expressions shown below have been proposed, but the conditional expression is not particularly limited.
Ｃｏｃｋｃｒｏｆｔ ａｎｄ Ｌａｔｈａｍの延性破壊条件式
Ｊｅｏｎｇの延性破壊条件式
大矢根の延性破壊条件式
上述のようにして成形した溝付円板を用いて円筒容器を成形するには、溝付円板をリング状のダイス上に置き、円柱状のパンチを押し込んで縦壁部を冷間成形する。 In order to form a cylindrical container using the grooved disk formed as described above, the grooved disk is placed on a ring-shaped die and a cylindrical punch is pushed in to cold-form the vertical wall portion. .
以下、実施例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples.
＜実施例１＞
板厚３．２ｍｍのＳ５０Ｃの鋼板から直径１２０ｍｍの円板に剪断加工したものを被加工材とした。図４に示すように中央部に凹部４２ａを持つパンチ４２と中央部に凸部４３ａを持つダイス４３の間に被加工材４１を挟み、パンチ４２を被加工材４１に押し込んで被加工材の中央部に凸部４４ａを成形してプレス成形品４４とした。その後、図５に示すようにリング状の凸部５２ａを持つパンチ５２と中央部に凸部５３ａを持つダイス５３の間に被加工材５１を挟んだ状態でリング状のダイス５４を押し込んで溝部を成形した結果、割れの無い溝付円板５５を成形できた。
<Example 1>
What was sheared from a steel plate of S50C having a thickness of 3.2 mm to a disc having a diameter of 120 mm was used as a workpiece. As shown in FIG. 4, a workpiece 41 is sandwiched between a punch 42 having a concave portion 42a at the center and a die 43 having a convex portion 43a at the center, and the punch 42 is pushed into the workpiece 41 to form a workpiece. A convex portion 44 a is formed at the center portion to obtain a press-formed product 44. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5, the ring-shaped die 54 is pushed into the groove portion with the workpiece 51 sandwiched between the punch 52 having the ring-shaped convex portion 52a and the die 53 having the convex portion 53a at the center portion. As a result, a grooved disk 55 without cracks could be formed.
上記溝付円板６１を図６に示すリング状のダイス６３の上の置き、円柱状のパンチ６２を押し込んで成形することで溝付円筒容器６４が成形できた。 A grooved cylindrical container 64 could be formed by placing the grooved disk 61 on a ring-shaped die 63 shown in FIG.
比較例として、板厚３．２ｍｍのＳ５０Ｃの鋼板から直径１２０ｍｍの円板に剪断加工したものを被加工材とし、図７に示すリング状の凸部７２ａを有するパンチ７２とリング状の凹部７３ａを有するダイス７３を用いて、ダイスの肩Ｒ部７３ｂ及び肩Ｒ部７３ｃで拘束された状態でパンチ７２の凸部７２ａで押し込んで被加工材７１を成形して溝付円盤７４とした結果、割れ７４ａが発生した。 As a comparative example, a punched material having a ring-shaped convex portion 72a shown in FIG. 7 and a ring-shaped concave portion 73a shown in FIG. As a result of forming the workpiece 71 by pressing the convex portion 72a of the punch 72 in a state of being restrained by the shoulder R portion 73b and the shoulder R portion 73c of the die using the die 73 having Cracks 74a occurred.
＜実施例２＞
板厚４ｍｍのＳ３５Ｃの鋼板から直径１２０ｍｍの円板に剪断加工したものを被加工材とした。図８に示すリング状の凸部８２ａを有するパンチ８２及びリング状の凹部８３ｂを有するダイス８３を用い被加工材８１を成形して、溝付円盤８４とする工程を有限要素法を用いて破断解析を行った。延性破壊条件式はＪｅｏｎｇの延性破壊条件式を用いた。破壊基準値はＳ３５Ｃの鋼板からＪＩＳ５号試験片を加工し、引張試験を行い、破断部の断面積Ａ１を測定し、式（４）により求めた。
<Example 2>
What was sheared from a S35C steel plate having a thickness of 4 mm to a disc having a diameter of 120 mm was used as a workpiece. The process of forming the workpiece 81 using the punch 82 having the ring-shaped convex portion 82a and the die 83 having the ring-shaped concave portion 83b shown in FIG. 8 to form the grooved disk 84 is broken using the finite element method. Analysis was performed. The ductile fracture condition formula used was Jeon's ductile fracture condition formula. Failure criterion value by processing a JIS5 test piece No. from steel S35C, subjected to a tensile test to measure the cross-sectional area A 1 of breaks was determined by equation (4).
上述の方法で求めたＳ３５Ｃの破壊基準値は０．８０であった。ＦＥＭ解析による式（５）で示す損傷値ｄの分布を図９に示す。 The fracture standard value of S35C determined by the above method was 0.80. FIG. 9 shows the distribution of the damage value d shown by the equation (5) by FEM analysis.
図９に矢印で示す箇所の損傷値は０．８３であり、破壊基準値０．８０を超え、破断する結果になった。そこで、図１０示すように中央部に凹部１０２ａを持つパンチ１０２と中央部に凸部１０３ａを持つダイス１０３の間に被加工材１０１を挟み、パンチ１０２を被加工材１０１に押し込んで被加工材の中央部に凸部１０４ａを成形した。引続き、図１１に示すようにリング状の凸部１１２ａを持つパンチ１１２と中央部に凸部１１３ａを持つダイス１１３の間に被加工材１１１を挟んだ状態でリング状のダイス１１４を押し込んで溝部を成形した結果、割れの無い溝付円板１１５を成形できた。 The damage value at the location indicated by the arrow in FIG. 9 was 0.83, exceeding the fracture reference value 0.80, resulting in fracture. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, the workpiece 101 is sandwiched between a punch 102 having a recess 102a at the center and a die 103 having a projection 103a at the center, and the punch 102 is pushed into the workpiece 101 to be processed. The convex part 104a was shape | molded in the center part. Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the ring-shaped die 114 is pushed into the groove portion with the workpiece 111 sandwiched between the punch 112 having the ring-shaped convex portion 112a and the die 113 having the convex portion 113a at the center portion. As a result, a grooved disk 115 without cracks could be formed.
上記溝付円板１２１を図１２に示す円柱状のダイス１２３の上に置き、円柱状のパンチ１２２を押し込んで成形することで溝付円筒容器１２４が成形できた。 A grooved cylindrical container 124 could be formed by placing the grooved disk 121 on a columnar die 123 shown in FIG.
比較例として、板厚４ｍｍのＳ３５Ｃの鋼板から直径１２０ｍｍの円板に剪断加工したものを被加工材８１とし、図８に示すパンチ８２とダイス８３を用いて成形した結果、ＦＥＭで予測した箇所に割れが発生した。 As a comparative example, what was sheared from a S35C steel plate with a thickness of 4 mm to a disc with a diameter of 120 mm was a workpiece 81, and was formed using a punch 82 and a die 83 shown in FIG. Cracks occurred.
＜実施例３＞
板厚４ｍｍのＳ３５Ｃの鋼板から円板に剪断加工したものを被加工材とした。図１３に示すパンチ１３２及びダイス１３３を用い被加工材１３１を成形する工程を有限要素法を用いて破断解析を行った。延性破壊条件式はＪｅｏｎｇの延性破壊条件式を用いた。Ｓ３５Ｃの破壊基準値は０．８０である。式（５）で定義する損傷値の分布を図１４に示す。損傷値は０．８未満であるので破断しない結果になった。そこで、図１３に示すパンチ１３２とダイス１３３を用い成形した結果、割れの無い溝付円板１３４を成形することができた。上記溝付円板１５１を図１５に示すリング状のダイス１５３の上に置き、円柱状のパンチ１５２を押し込んで成形することで溝付円筒容器１５４が成形できた。
<Example 3>
What was sheared from a S35C steel plate having a thickness of 4 mm to a disc was used as a workpiece. The process of forming the workpiece 131 using the punch 132 and the die 133 shown in FIG. 13 was analyzed for fracture using the finite element method. The ductile fracture condition formula used was Jeon's ductile fracture condition formula. The fracture reference value for S35C is 0.80. The distribution of damage values defined by equation (5) is shown in FIG. Since the damage value was less than 0.8, the result did not break. Therefore, as a result of molding using the punch 132 and the die 133 shown in FIG. 13, the grooved disk 134 without cracks could be molded. A grooved cylindrical container 154 could be formed by placing the grooved disk 151 on a ring-shaped die 153 shown in FIG.
以上の実施例に述べたように、本発明によれば、円板状の被加工材（例えば、薄鋼板）を溝付円板または溝付円筒容器に冷間成形する際に、割れの発生を防止することができた。 As described in the above embodiments, according to the present invention, when a disk-shaped workpiece (for example, a thin steel plate) is cold-formed into a grooved disk or a grooved cylindrical container, cracking occurs. Could be prevented.
１１・・被加工材、１２・・パンチ、１２ａ・・パンチに加工したリング状の凸部、
１３・・ダイス、１３ａ・・ダイスに加工したリング状の凹部、１３ｂ・・ダイスの肩Ｒ部、１３ｃ・・ダイスの肩Ｒ部、１４・・溝付円板、１４ａ・・被加工材で発生した割れ
２１・・被加工材、２２・・パンチ、２２ａ・・パンチに加工した凹部、２３・・ダイス、２３ａ・・ダイスに加工した凸部、２４・・プレス成形品、２４ａ・・被加工材に成形した凸部、３１・・被加工材、３２・・パンチ、３２ａ・・パンチに加工したリング状の凸部、３３・・ダイス、３３ａ・・ダイスに加工した凸部、３４・・ダイス、３５・・溝付円板、４１・・被加工材、４２・・パンチ、４２ａ・・パンチに加工したリング状の凸部、４３・・ダイス、４３ａ・・ダイスに加工したリング状の凹部、４４・・プレス成形品、４４ａ・・被加工材に成形した凸部、５１・・・被加工材、５２・・・パンチ、
５２ａ・・パンチに加工したリング状の凸部、５３・・ダイス、５３ａ・・ダイスに加工した凸部、５４・・ダイス、５５・・溝付円板、６１・・溝付円板、６２・・パンチ、６３・・ダイス、６４・・溝付円筒容器、７１・・被加工材、７２・・パンチ、７２ａ・・パンチに加工したリング状の凸部、７３・・ダイス、７３ａ・・ダイスに加工したリング状の凹部、７３ｂ・・ダイスの肩Ｒ部、７３ｃ・・ダイスの肩Ｒ部、７４・・溝付円板、７４ａ・・被加工材で発生した割れ、８１・・被加工材、８２・・パンチ、８２ａ・・パンチに加工したリング状の凸部、８３・・ダイス、８３ａ・・ダイスに加工したリング状の凹部、８４・・溝付円板、１０１・・被加工材、１０２・・パンチ、１０２ａ・・パンチに加工した凹部、１０３・・ダイス、１０３ａ・・ダイスに加工した凸部、１０４・・プレス成形品、１０４ａ・・被加工材の中央部の凸部、１１１・・被加工材、１１２・・パンチ、１１２ａ・・パンチに加工したリング状の凸部、１１３・・ダイス、１１３ａ・・ダイスに加工した凸部、１１４・・ダイス、１１５・・溝付円板、１２１・・溝付円板、１２２・・パンチ、１２３・・ダイス、１２４・・溝付円筒容器、１３１・・被加工材、１３２・・パンチ、１３３・・ダイス、１３４・・溝付円板、１５１・・溝付円板、１５２・・パンチ、１５３・・ダイス、１５４・・溝付円筒容器
11. Work material, 12 ... Punch, 12a ... Ring-shaped convex part processed into punch,
··· Dies, 13a · · · Ring-shaped recesses processed into dies, 13b · · Die shoulder R, 13c · · Die shoulder R, 14 · · Grooved disk, 14a · · Generated cracks 21 ··· Work material, 22 · · Punch, 22a · · Recesses processed into punches, 23 · · Dies, 23a · · Convex parts processed into dies, 24 · · Press molded products, 24a · · Convex part formed on workpiece, 31 .. Workpiece material, 32 .. Punch, 32 a .. Ring-shaped convex part processed into punch, 33 .. Die, 33 a .. Convex part processed into die, 34. · Dies, 35 · · Grooved disc, 41 · · Work material, 42 · · Punch, 42a · · Ring-shaped convex portion processed into punch, 43 · · Dies, 43a · · Ring processed into die Recesses 44, ... Press-formed products, 44a ... Protrusions that, 51 ... workpiece, 52 ... punch,
52a .. Ring-shaped convex parts processed into punches, 53 .. Dies, 53a .. Convex parts processed into dies, 54 .. Dies, 55 .. Grooved discs, 61 .. Grooved discs, 62. ..Punch, 63..Dies, 64..Grooved cylindrical container, 71..Work material, 72..Punch, 72a..Ring-shaped convex portion processed into punch, 73..Die, 73a .. Ring-shaped concavities processed into dies, 73b .. Dies shoulder R part, 73c .. Dies shoulder R part, 74 .. Grooved disk, 74a .. Cracks generated in workpiece, 81. Workpiece, 82.. Punch, 82a ... Ring-shaped convex part processed into punch, 83 ... Die, 83a ... Ring-shaped concave part processed into die, 84 ... Slotted disc, 101 ... Work material, 102 ·· punch, 102a ·· depression processed into punch, 103 · Die, 103a ... Projected part processed into a die, 104 ... Press-formed product, 104a ... Projected part in the center of the workpiece, 111 ... Processed material, 112 ... Punch, 112a ... Processed into punch ································, 113 ··············································· · Dies, 124 ·· Grooved cylindrical container, 131 · · Work material, 132 · · Punch, 133 · · Dies, 134 · · Grooved disc, 151 · · Grooved disc, 152 · · Punch, 153 ..Dice, 154
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