JP2020049494A - Press molded component manufacturing method, and press molded component - Google Patents
Press molded component manufacturing method, and press molded component Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、主に自動車等で用いる部材の製造において、金属板をプレス成形してフランジを成形するプレス成形部品の製造方法、及びプレス成形部品に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a press-formed part in which a metal plate is press-formed to form a flange, and a press-formed part in the manufacture of members mainly used in automobiles and the like.
ピラーやメンバーなどの自動車用部品は、鋼板をフランジ加工して部品が製造される。フランジ加工の方法としては、金型を用いて金属板を挟みプレス成形し、金属板を曲げることでフランジ部を成形する方法が知られている。プレス成形により、一部が金属板の内方に凹んだ曲げ線に沿って曲げ成形する場合には、内方に凹んだ箇所でフランジ部の端部が引張応力を受け、伸び変形が発生する場合がある。このような成形を、伸びフランジ成形という。 Automotive parts, such as pillars and members, are manufactured by flanging a steel plate. As a method of flange processing, a method is known in which a metal plate is sandwiched and pressed using a mold, and the metal plate is bent to form a flange portion. In the case of press forming, when bending along a bending line that is partially recessed inward of the metal plate, the end of the flange portion receives tensile stress at the location recessed inward, and elongation deformation occurs There are cases. Such forming is called stretch flange forming.
伸びフランジ成形においては、伸び変形が金属板の変形限界を超えると、フランジ端部に割れが発生する。この割れを伸びフランジ割れという。伸びフランジ割れは、特に、高強度鋼板を用いた場合に発生しやすい。 In the stretch flange forming, when the stretch deformation exceeds the deformation limit of the metal plate, a crack occurs at the flange end. This crack is called a stretch flange crack. Stretch flange cracking is particularly likely to occur when a high-strength steel sheet is used.
特許文献１は、割れが発生しやすい部位の端面の状態を改善し、伸びフランジ割れの発生を抑制する方法を開示している。 Patent Literature 1 discloses a method of improving the condition of an end face of a portion where cracks are likely to occur and suppressing the occurrence of stretch flange cracks.
特許文献２は、プレス金型によって余肉を付与することにより、プレス成形品の寸法精度を向上し、伸びフランジ割れを防止する方法を開示している。 Patent Literature 2 discloses a method for improving the dimensional accuracy of a press-formed product and preventing stretch flange cracks by providing extra thickness with a press die.
特許文献３及び特許文献４は、伸びフランジ割れの発生しにくいブランク形状を用いて、フランジ成形時の伸びフランジ破断を回避する方法を開示している。 Patent Literature 3 and Patent Literature 4 disclose methods of avoiding stretch flange breakage during flange forming by using a blank shape in which stretch flange cracks are less likely to occur.
プレス成形を必要とする自動車用部品に、軽量化のため、高強度鋼板を使用するケースが増えている。近年、使用される鋼板の強度がさらに高くなり、板厚が薄くなっている。すなわち、成形が難しい素材を用いることが増えている。 For automotive parts that require press forming, cases of using high-strength steel sheets for weight reduction are increasing. In recent years, the strength of a steel plate used has been further increased, and the plate thickness has been reduced. That is, materials that are difficult to mold are increasingly used.
本発明は上記の事情に鑑み、板厚の薄い高強度鋼板のような成形が難しい素材を用いた場合であっても、製品形状の自由度を低下させることなく、簡便な方法で伸びフランジ割れを防止する方法を提供することを課題とする。 In view of the above circumstances, the present invention does not reduce the degree of freedom of the product shape, even if a difficult-to-form material such as a high-strength steel sheet having a small thickness is used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for preventing the problem.
本発明者らは、高強度鋼板のプレス成形において伸びフランジ割れを防止する方法について鋭意検討した。引張変形を小さくするためには、変形を分散させればよいことは知られている。 Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors diligently studied a method for preventing a stretch flange crack in press forming of a high-strength steel sheet. It is known that in order to reduce the tensile deformation, the deformation may be dispersed.
本発明者らの検討の結果、フランジアップ成形の際に適当な曲げ稜線形状を与えることで、変形を容易に分散することが可能となり、材料端部の引張変形を低減することが可能となり、これにより板厚の減少率を小さくし、伸びフランジ割れを防止することができることを見出した。 As a result of the study by the present inventors, by giving an appropriate bending ridge shape at the time of flange-up molding, it becomes possible to easily disperse the deformation, and it is possible to reduce the tensile deformation of the material edge, As a result, it has been found that the reduction rate of the sheet thickness can be reduced and the stretch flange crack can be prevented.
本発明は、以上の知見に基づき、さらに検討を重ねてなされたものであって、その要旨は以下のとおりである。 The present invention has been further studied based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
（１）一部が内方に凹んだ曲率部を有する外周縁を有する天板部と、上記外周縁を曲げ線として曲げ成形されたフランジ部を備えるプレス成形部品を製造する方法であって、ブランクの一部に、上記曲げ線の曲率部と交差するように、上記ブランクの面外方向に凸状に湾曲した湾曲部を形成し、その後、上記曲げ線に沿って、上記湾曲部が凸状に湾曲する方向と反対の方向に曲げ成形してフランジ部を成形することを特徴とするプレス成形部品の製造方法。 (1) A method for manufacturing a press-formed part including a top plate portion having an outer peripheral edge having a curvature portion partially concaved inward and a flange portion formed by bending the outer peripheral edge as a bending line, In a part of the blank, a curved portion curved in a convex shape in an out-of-plane direction of the blank is formed so as to intersect with a curvature portion of the bent line, and then, along the bent line, the curved portion is convex. A method for manufacturing a press-formed part, comprising forming a flange by bending in a direction opposite to a direction in which the flange is curved.
（２）フランジ部を成形した後、前記湾曲部を含むブランク面を平坦にする加工を行うことを特徴とする前記（１）のプレス成形部品の製造方法。 (2) The method for manufacturing a press-formed part according to (1), wherein after forming the flange portion, a process of flattening a blank surface including the curved portion is performed.
（３）一部が内方に凹んだ曲率部を有する外周縁を有する天板部と、上記外周縁に沿って曲げ成形されたフランジ部を備え、上記天板部上に、上記外周縁の曲率部と交差するように形成された、上記天板部の面外方向に凸状に湾曲した湾曲部を有することを特徴とするプレス成形部品。 (3) A top plate portion having an outer peripheral edge having a curved portion that is partially concaved inward, and a flange portion bent along the outer peripheral edge, and the upper peripheral portion is provided on the top plate portion. A press-formed part having a curved portion formed so as to intersect with a curvature portion and curved in a convex shape in an out-of-plane direction of the top plate portion.
本発明によれば、製品形状の自由度を低下させることなく、簡便な方法で伸びフランジ割れを防止することができる。 According to the present invention, a stretch flange crack can be prevented by a simple method without lowering the degree of freedom of the product shape.
はじめに、従来のプレス成形方法によりフランジアップ成形を行う方法について説明する。図１に示すように、ブランク１２をパンチ１１とホルダー１３で拘束し、パンチ１１とダイス１４を相対移動させる。これにより、ブランク１２を加圧して、フランジを形成する。 First, a method of performing flange-up molding by a conventional press molding method will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the blank 12 is restrained by the punch 11 and the holder 13, and the punch 11 and the die 14 are relatively moved. This presses the blank 12 to form a flange.
この時、図２に示すように、フランジアップ成形の曲げ線２１がブランク１２の天板部となる内方に凹状に湾曲し曲率部２２を有する場合、フランジ中央部には引張応力が集中し、割れが生じやすい状態となる。 At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, when the bending line 21 of the flange-up molding is concavely curved inward to become the top plate portion of the blank 12 and has a curvature portion 22, tensile stress concentrates on the central portion of the flange. , Cracks easily occur.
次に、本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明する。 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
本実施形態のプレス成形方法は、一部が内方に凹んだ外周縁を有する天板部と、凹状外周縁に沿って曲げ成形されたフランジ部を有する成形部品を製造するにあたり、ブランクをパンチとホルダーで拘束し、ダイスに当ててフランジアップ成形する際に、フランジアップの際の曲げ線をブランク面外に湾曲させてからフランジアップを行う。 The press forming method of the present embodiment includes a step of punching a blank in manufacturing a molded part having a top plate part having an outer peripheral edge partially recessed inward and a flange part bent and formed along the concave outer peripheral edge. When the flange is raised by pressing the die and holding it against a die, the bending line at the time of flange up is curved out of the blank surface, and then the flange is raised.
本実施形態のプレス成形方法では、図３（ａ）に示すように、平板であるブランク１２に、内方に凹んだフランジアップ成形時の曲げ線２１の曲率部２２と交差するように、ブランクが面外方向に湾曲した湾曲部３１を形成する。湾曲部は凸状で、フランジアップの方向とは反対の方向に凸になるように形成する。図３（ｂ）に示すように、曲率部２２と交差する湾曲部３１以外にさらに湾曲部を設けてもよい。 In the press forming method of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. Form a curved portion 31 curved in an out-of-plane direction. The curved portion has a convex shape and is formed so as to be convex in a direction opposite to the direction of flange up. As shown in FIG. 3B, a curved portion may be provided in addition to the curved portion 31 intersecting with the curvature portion 22.
また、湾曲部は、図４（ａ）に示す湾曲部３１のように曲げ線の曲率部と交差する箇所が周囲のブランク面に対して湾曲した構造でもよいし、図４（ｂ）に示す湾曲部３１のように曲げ線の曲率部と交差する箇所が周囲のブランク面に対して凸であれば、その外側にさらに湾曲部を設けてもよく、曲げ線の曲率部と交差する箇所の湾曲部３１がブランク面に対して最も凸である必要はない。また、湾曲部３１がブランクの面外方向に凸とは、その周囲に対してブランクの面外方向に凸であれば、図４（ｂ）のように、湾曲部３１が元のブランク面と同じ高さであってもよい。 Further, the bending portion may have a structure in which a portion intersecting with a curvature portion of a bending line is curved with respect to a surrounding blank surface like a bending portion 31 shown in FIG. 4A, or as shown in FIG. If a portion that intersects with the curvature portion of the bending line as in the case of the bending portion 31 is convex with respect to the surrounding blank surface, a further bending portion may be provided outside the blank portion. The curved portion 31 does not need to be most convex with respect to the blank surface. In addition, if the curved portion 31 is convex in the out-of-plane direction of the blank, and if the curved portion 31 is convex in the out-of-plane direction of the blank with respect to the surroundings, as shown in FIG. It may be the same height.
フランジアップ成形の前に湾曲部を設ける成形方法は、図１に示した従来のフランジアップ成形と同様に行うことができるが、用いるパンチとホルダーに特徴がある。図５に具体的なパンチ、ホルダーの一例を示す。ビード５１を設けたパンチ１１とホルダー１３でブランクを拘束し、ダイスとパンチ１１を相対移動する。これによりブランクが加圧され、パンチ１１とホルダー１３に設けられたビード５１によってブランクが湾曲し、ブランクが面外方向に湾曲した湾曲部が形成される。そして、さらにダイスとパンチ１１を相対移動することにより、天板部、及びフランジ部を有する成形部品が成形される。 The method of forming the curved portion before the flange-up molding can be performed in the same manner as the conventional flange-up molding shown in FIG. 1, but is characterized by the punch and holder used. FIG. 5 shows an example of a specific punch and holder. The blank is restrained by the punch 11 provided with the bead 51 and the holder 13, and the die and the punch 11 are relatively moved. As a result, the blank is pressurized, the blank is curved by the bead 51 provided on the punch 11 and the holder 13, and a curved portion in which the blank is curved in an out-of-plane direction is formed. Then, by further moving the die and the punch 11 relative to each other, a molded component having a top plate portion and a flange portion is formed.
この方法によれば、ダイスとパンチを一度相対移動させることによって、フランジ面を成形する際の曲げ線をブランク面外方向に湾曲させる工程と、ブランクをパンチとホルダーで拘束し、ダイスに当ててフランジアップ成形する工程をともに実施することができる。すなわち、この方法によれば、フランジ部が成形される前にブランクが湾曲し、曲げ線がブランクの面外方向に湾曲した状態でフランジアップ成形がされる。 According to this method, by once moving the die and the punch relatively, a bending line for forming the flange surface is curved in a direction outside the blank surface, and the blank is restrained by the punch and the holder, and is applied to the die. The step of flange-up molding can be performed together. That is, according to this method, the blank is curved before the flange portion is formed, and the flange-up molding is performed in a state where the bending line is curved in the out-of-plane direction of the blank.
上述のとおり、曲げ線の曲率部と交差する箇所の湾曲部３１がブランクの面外方向に凸とは、その周囲に対してブランクの面外方向に凸であればよいので、曲げ線の曲率部と交差する箇所の周囲を加工することにより、曲げ線の曲率部と交差する箇所をその周囲に対して湾曲した形状としてもよい。 As described above, the curved portion 31 that intersects the curved portion of the bending line is convex in the out-of-plane direction of the blank as long as it is convex in the out-of-plane direction of the blank with respect to the periphery thereof. By processing the periphery of the part that intersects the part, the part that intersects the curvature part of the bending line may have a shape that is curved with respect to the periphery.
このようにすることにより、図６に示すように、フランジアップ成形時に、平板部とフランジ部の形状が曲げ稜線を境界として一致するように曲げ線を与え、ブランクが湾曲面を横切る平面で一方を鏡映変換するような変形をし、フランジの端部に引張応力を集中させずにフランジアップ成形ができる。 In this way, as shown in FIG. 6, a bending line is provided at the time of flange-up molding so that the shape of the flat plate portion and the shape of the flange portion coincide with the bending ridge line as a boundary. Is deformed so as to mirror-convert, and flange-up molding can be performed without concentrating tensile stress on the end of the flange.
ブランクに設ける湾曲部の幅ＷＣは、図７に示すように、曲げ線２１の曲率部２２の幅ＷＲに対して５０〜１５０％の幅とするのがよい。また、湾曲部の凸部の深さは成形するフランジの高さ（図８（ｂ）を参照）の１０〜１００％の深さとするのがよい。 Width W C of the curved portion provided in the blank, as shown in FIG. 7, it is preferable 50 to 150% of the width of the width W R of the curved portion 22 of the bend line 21. Further, the depth of the convex portion of the curved portion is preferably 10 to 100% of the height of the flange to be formed (see FIG. 8B).
フランジアップ成形後は、天板部に残った湾曲部をプレスでつぶす等の方法で加工し、湾曲部を含む天板部（ブランク面）を平坦とする加工を施してもよい。 After the flange-up molding, the curved portion remaining on the top plate portion may be processed by a method such as crushing with a press or the like, and the top plate portion (blank surface) including the curved portion may be flattened.
本発明のプレス成形方法が対象とする金属板は、特定の材料に限定されないが、特に、引張強度が９８０ＭＰａ以上の高強度鋼板に対して有効である。 The metal sheet targeted by the press forming method of the present invention is not limited to a specific material, but is particularly effective for a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more.
金属板の厚さは、特に限定されない。プレス成形によるフランジアップ成形が可能な板厚を備えていればよい。高強度鋼板の場合、たとえば、０．８〜６．０ｍｍが例示できる。 The thickness of the metal plate is not particularly limited. It suffices if the sheet has a thickness that allows flange-up molding by press molding. In the case of a high-strength steel plate, for example, 0.8 to 6.0 mm can be exemplified.
本発明に使用するプレス機は特に制限されるものではなく、一般的に使用されるプレス機を用いればよい。 The press used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a commonly used press may be used.
以上説明したとおり、本発明によれば、一般的なプレス機を用いたプレス成形により製造されるフランジを有するプレス成形部品の引張応力の集中を緩和することが可能となり、その結果、フランジ端の板厚の減少を低減でき、フランジ端部における割れを低減することができる。本発明によれば、引張強度の高い、好ましくは引張強度９８０ＭＰａ以上の高強度鋼板を用いた場合にも板厚の減少を低減させることが可能である。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the concentration of tensile stress of a press-formed part having a flange manufactured by press forming using a general press, and as a result, the flange end It is possible to reduce a decrease in the thickness of the plate and to reduce cracks at the flange end. According to the present invention, even when a high-strength steel plate having a high tensile strength, preferably a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more, is used, it is possible to reduce the reduction in the thickness.
また、引張応力が集中することを緩和し、応力を分散させることができるので、スプリングバックの低減効果も期待できる。 In addition, since the concentration of tensile stress can be reduced and the stress can be dispersed, an effect of reducing springback can be expected.
なお、上記のパンチやホルダー等の形状を変えることにより、上述したプレス成形部品の例に限定されず、様々な形状のプレス成形部品が製造可能であることは明らかである。本発明は、上記の例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術思想の範囲で異なる態様で実施することもでき、本発明の技術思想の範囲の変形も本発明に含まれることはいうまでもない。 It should be noted that by changing the shape of the above-described punch, holder, and the like, it is apparent that press-formed parts having various shapes can be manufactured without being limited to the examples of the above-described press-formed parts. The present invention is not limited to the above examples, but can be implemented in different modes within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention, and it is to be understood that modifications of the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are also included in the present invention. Not even.
本発明の効果を検証するため、従来の方法と本発明の方法によるプレス成形を有限要素法による解析で検証した。解析に用いたソフトウエアはＬＳＴＣ社製のＬＳ−ＤＹＮＡバージョン９７１であり、動的陽解法を用いた。 In order to verify the effects of the present invention, the conventional method and the press forming by the method of the present invention were verified by analysis using the finite element method. The software used for the analysis was LS-DYNA version 971 manufactured by LSTC, and a dynamic explicit method was used.
図８に、対象とした成形部品の形状を示す。（ａ）に示す形状のブランクを成形し、（ｂ）に示す形状の成形部品を製造する場合について解析した。評価はフランジ端部の板厚減少率で行った。 FIG. 8 shows the shape of the target molded part. The case where a blank having the shape shown in (a) was formed and a molded part having the shape shown in (b) was manufactured was analyzed. The evaluation was performed based on the reduction rate of the thickness of the flange end.
図９は、従来のプレス成形方法を用いて製造したフランジを有するプレス成形部品の板厚減の例を示す。この例では、ブランク端部の板厚の減少率は１４．２％であった。 FIG. 9 shows an example of a reduction in the thickness of a press-formed part having a flange manufactured using a conventional press-forming method. In this example, the reduction rate of the thickness of the blank end portion was 14.2%.
図１０は、本発明のプレス成形方法を用いて製造したフランジを有するプレス成形部品の板厚減の例であり、図３、図４の（ａ）に示すように、フランジアップの方向と反対向きに凸となるように曲げ線を面外方向に湾曲させたのち、フランジ面を成形したものである。フランジ端中心部の板厚の減少率は０．６％であり、従来法に比較して低減された。なお、変形が分散したため周辺部の板厚の減少率が従来法に比較して大きくなっているが、従来法のフランジ端中心部の板厚の減少率よりは小さく、全体として引張応力の集中の度合いは低くなっているので、従来法と比較して成形品の伸びフランジ割れを防止することが可能となる。 FIG. 10 is an example of a reduction in the thickness of a press-formed part having a flange manufactured by using the press-forming method of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. After bending the bending line in the out-of-plane direction so as to be convex in the direction, the flange surface is formed. The reduction rate of the plate thickness at the center of the flange end was 0.6%, which was reduced as compared with the conventional method. Since the deformation is dispersed, the reduction rate of the thickness of the peripheral part is larger than that of the conventional method. Is low, so that it is possible to prevent stretch flange cracking of the molded product as compared with the conventional method.
図１１は、本発明の方法による他の実施例の板厚減の例であり、図３、図４の（ｂ）に示すように、フランジアップの方向と反対向きに凸となるように曲げ線を面外方向に湾曲させたのち、フランジ面を成形したものである。フランジ端中心部の板厚の減少率は５．４％であり、従来法に比較して低減された。図１１の例では、中央の湾曲部の外側にさらに湾曲部を設けたことにより、変形がより効率的に分散し、周辺部の板厚の減少率も最も大きいところでも９．６％とさらに小さくなっており、さらに効果的に成形品の伸びフランジ割れを防止することが可能となる。 FIG. 11 shows an example of a reduction in the thickness of another embodiment according to the method of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4B, the sheet is bent so as to be convex in the direction opposite to the flange-up direction. After the wire is curved out of the plane, the flange surface is formed. The reduction rate of the plate thickness at the center of the flange end was 5.4%, which was reduced as compared with the conventional method. In the example of FIG. 11, the additional curved portion is provided outside the central curved portion, so that the deformation is more efficiently dispersed, and the reduction rate of the thickness of the peripheral portion is 9.6% even where it is the largest. As a result, it is possible to more effectively prevent stretch flange cracking of the molded product.
図１２は比較例であり、図１０、図１１の例とは逆向きに凸のビードを設けたパンチ、ホルダーを用いることにより、（ａ）のようにフランジアップの方向と同じ向きに凸となるように曲げ線を面外方向に湾曲させたのち、フランジ面を成形した例である。この場合、ビード部の変形は鏡映変換とはならず、箇所（ｂ）に示すようにかえってフランジ端中心部に引張応力が集中することとなり、板厚の減少率が２２．３％と大きくなった。 FIG. 12 is a comparative example. By using a punch and a holder provided with a bead that is convex in the opposite direction to the examples of FIGS. 10 and 11, the convex and the convex are formed in the same direction as the flange-up direction as shown in FIG. This is an example in which a bending surface is curved in an out-of-plane direction so as to form a flange surface. In this case, the deformation of the bead portion does not result in the reflection conversion, but rather the tensile stress is concentrated at the center of the flange end as shown in the portion (b), and the reduction rate of the plate thickness is as large as 22.3%. became.
１１ パンチ
１２ ブランク
１３ ホルダー
１４ ダイス
２１ 曲げ線
２２ 曲率部
３１ 湾曲部
５１ ビード
ＷＲ 曲率部の幅
ＷＣ 湾曲部の幅
11 Punch 12 blank 13 holder 14 die 21 bend line 22 the curvature portion 31 bent portion 51 bead width W of R of curvature portion W C curvature of the width
Claims (3)
ブランクの一部に、上記曲げ線の曲率部と交差するように、上記ブランクの面外方向に凸状に湾曲した湾曲部を形成し、
その後、上記曲げ線に沿って、上記湾曲部が凸状に湾曲する方向と反対の方向に曲げ成形してフランジ部を成形する
ことを特徴とするプレス成形部品の製造方法。 A method for manufacturing a press-formed part including a top plate part having an outer peripheral edge having a curved part inwardly concave, and a flange part bent and formed using the outer peripheral edge as a bending line,
A part of the blank, so as to intersect with the curvature of the bending line, to form a curved portion convexly curved in an out-of-plane direction of the blank,
A method of manufacturing a press-formed part, comprising forming the flange portion along the bending line in a direction opposite to a direction in which the curved portion curves in a convex shape.
上記外周縁に沿って曲げ成形されたフランジ部を備え、
上記天板部上に、上記外周縁の曲率部と交差するように形成された、上記天板部の面外方向に凸状に湾曲した湾曲部を有する
ことを特徴とするプレス成形部品。 A top plate portion having an outer peripheral edge having a curved portion that is partially concave inward,
With a flange portion bent along the outer peripheral edge,
A press-formed part having a curved portion formed on the top plate portion so as to intersect with the curvature portion of the outer peripheral edge, the curved portion being convexly curved in an out-of-plane direction of the top plate portion.
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