JP5691544B2 - Axial gap type rotating machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an axial gap type rotating machine (an electric motor or a generator) in which a rotor and a stator are arranged to face each other in a rotating shaft direction along a rotating shaft.

  Patent Document 1 below discloses a rotor structure of an axial gap type rotating machine. In this rotor structure, a plurality of permanent magnets are inserted through a plurality of holes provided in the circumferential direction of the disk-shaped member, and a plurality of pairs of magnetic flux transmitting portions are joined from the axially outer side between the permanent magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction. A pair of shaft fixing parts are joined from the outside in the axial direction inside the permanent magnet in the radial direction, and a pair of outer rings are joined from the outside in the radial direction outside the permanent magnet. ing.

JP 2006-304532 A

By the way, conventionally, as in the rotor structure described above, a permanent magnet is previously incorporated, and then the rotor is attached to the rotating shaft.
However, for example, in a low-rotation and large-torque axial gap type rotating machine, the magnetic force of each permanent magnet is large, and if they are incorporated in the rotor in advance, they are provided on the stator during motor assembly. A large magnetic force (for example, about a dozen tons when a neodymium magnet is provided on a 1 m diameter rotor) acts on an iron core or the like, and there is a problem that the mounting of the rotor is not easy. Further, since the permanent magnet is a brittle material, the rotor must be removed from the rotating shaft for replacement if it is cracked or broken for some reason. Therefore, the rotor must be removed against the large attractive force described above, and there is a problem that the replacement workability of the permanent magnet is poor.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an axial gap type rotating machine that facilitates attachment of a rotor and replacement of a permanent magnet.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an axial gap type rotating machine in which a rotor and a stator are arranged to face each other in a rotation axis direction along the rotation axis, and the rotor is arranged in a circumferential direction around the rotation axis. A configuration is adopted in which a plurality of permanent magnets are provided, and an attachment / detachment mechanism is provided that allows the plurality of permanent magnets to be individually attached / detached in a radial direction perpendicular to the rotation axis.
By adopting this configuration, in the present invention, it is possible to attach and detach the permanent magnets one by one from the radial direction with the rotor attached to the rotating shaft. Therefore, it is not necessary to incorporate a permanent magnet in advance before mounting the rotor, and it is not necessary to remove the rotor from the rotating shaft even when replacing the permanent magnet, so that the workability of mounting the rotor and replacing the permanent magnet is improved. be able to.

In the present invention, the attachment / detachment mechanism includes the magnet unit surrounded by a frame around the permanent magnet, and the magnet unit along the radial direction on one side in the rotation axis direction facing the stator. And a rotor disk capable of fastening and fixing the magnet unit to the holding surface from the other side of the rotation axis direction opposite to the one side of the rotation axis direction.
By adopting this configuration, in the present invention, the permanent magnet can be moved along with the frame frame along the holding surface in the radial direction by forming the holding surface of the rotor disk along the radial direction. In addition, on the surface side of the rotor disk facing the stator, the gap between the stator and the rotor in the direction of the rotation axis is narrow, and a space for fastening and fixing the magnet unit cannot be secured. Workability is improved by allowing the magnet unit to be fastened and fixed to the holding surface from the opposite side where a space can be secured with respect to the holding surface side of the magnet unit.

Further, in the present invention, the attachment / detachment mechanism is provided on the outer peripheral side of the rotor disk so as to protrude to one side in the rotational axis direction with respect to the holding surface and to be opposed to the magnet unit in the radial direction, A configuration is adopted in which an outer holder that is movable in the direction of the rotation axis is provided between a retracted position that retracts from the facing position.
By adopting this configuration, in the present invention, it is possible to receive a radial centrifugal force applied to the magnet unit when the outer holder is located at the opposing position, and when the outer holder is located at the retracted position, the magnet The unit can be attached and detached by moving in the radial direction along the holding surface.

In the present invention, the attachment / detachment mechanism may have a protrusion that protrudes to the one side of the rotation axis with respect to the holding surface and faces the magnet unit in the radial direction on the radial center side of the rotor disk. The structure of having is adopted.
By adopting this configuration, in the present invention, when the magnet unit is moved in the radial direction along the holding surface toward the center side of the rotor disk, the radial insertion position is determined by being locked to the protruding portion. Can be made.

In the present invention, the groove formed on the holding surface, the first magnet unit held on the holding surface, and the second magnet held adjacent to the first magnet unit in the circumferential direction. And a magnet member that includes a key member that is inserted in a radial direction into a gap formed by the magnet unit and fills the gap.
By adopting this configuration, in the present invention, by inserting the key member from the radial direction, the backlash between the first magnet unit and the second magnet unit adjacent to the first magnet unit is eliminated, and torque is transmitted to the rotor. Can be transmitted to the disc.

According to the present invention, there is provided an axial gap type rotating machine in which a rotor and a stator are arranged to face each other in a rotation axis direction along the rotation axis, and the rotor is a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in a circumferential direction around the rotation axis. In a state where the rotor is attached to the rotating shaft by adopting a configuration having a magnet and having an attaching / detaching mechanism that individually attaches and detaches the plurality of permanent magnets in a radial direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft, It becomes possible to attach and detach the permanent magnets one by one from the radial direction. Therefore, it is not necessary to incorporate a permanent magnet in advance before installing the rotor, and it is not necessary to remove the rotor from the rotating shaft even when the permanent magnet is replaced. be able to.
Therefore, according to the present invention, an axial gap type rotating machine can be obtained in which the attachment of the rotor and the replacement of the permanent magnet are facilitated.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the superconducting motor in embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the structure of the rotor in embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the rotor in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the rotor seen in the AA cross section in FIG. It is a rear view which shows the structure of the rotor in embodiment of this invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings used for the following description, the scale of each member is appropriately changed in order to make each member a recognizable size.
In the present embodiment, an axial gap type superconducting motor is exemplified as the axial gap type rotating machine.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a superconducting motor 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the superconducting motor 1 includes a motor frame 10, a rotating shaft 20, a rotor 30, and a stator 40. The superconducting motor 1 of the present embodiment is a large superconducting motor (for example, the diameter of the rotor 30 is 1 m) used for ships and the like, and is configured to obtain low rotation and large torque.

  The motor frame 10 includes a fixed side bearing 11 and a free side bearing 12 that support the rotating shaft 20. The fixed-side bearing 11 is composed of a thrust bearing (for example, a tapered roller bearing) that receives a force acting in a direction along the rotating shaft 20 (hereinafter referred to as a rotating shaft direction). On the other hand, the free-side bearing 12 is composed of a radial bearing (for example, a cylindrical roller bearing) that releases a force acting in the rotation axis direction.

  The rotary shaft 20 is pivotally supported by the fixed side bearing 11 and the free side bearing 12, and is rotatably provided through the motor frame 10. The side that is supported by the fixed side bearing 11 of the rotating shaft 20 and extends to the outside from the motor frame 10 (the left side in FIG. 1) is the output side.

A rotor 30 and a stator 40 are disposed inside the motor frame 10.
The rotor 30 is provided in a pair so as to sandwich the stator 40 in the rotation axis direction with a gap in the rotation axis direction with respect to the rotation shaft 20. The rotor 30 is connected to the rotating shaft 20 and rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 20.

  In the rotor 30, a permanent magnet 31 is provided on the side where the stator 40 is provided, and a back yoke 32 is provided as a magnetic path on the back surface of the permanent magnet 31.

  The stator 40 is fixed with respect to the motor frame 10. The stator 40 includes an adiabatic refrigerant container (armature coil container) 43 having a hole 42 that penetrates the armature core 41 in the rotation axis direction. A hole 44 through which the rotary shaft 20 is inserted is formed at the center of the heat insulating refrigerant container 43.

  The adiabatic refrigerant container 43 is an armature adiabatic refrigerant container that accommodates the superconducting coil 45 and keeps it at an extremely low temperature, and contains a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, or liquid neon. Yes. The heat insulating refrigerant container 43 of the present embodiment is formed from a GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) material.

  The superconducting coil 45 is configured by arranging a plurality of coil units in the direction of the rotation axis, each of which is formed by winding a tape-shaped member formed of a bismuth-based or yttrium-based superconducting material around the hole 42. The heat insulating refrigerant container 43 is provided with six holes 42 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the rotary shaft 20, and a superconducting coil 45 is provided around each of them.

  The armature core 41 functions to amplify the magnetic flux generated by the superconducting coil 45 and collect the magnetic flux (FLC: flux collector). The armature core 41 of this embodiment is composed of laminated steel plates. The armature core 41 is disposed by being inserted in the direction of the rotation axis in each of the hole portions 42 around which the superconducting coil 45 is disposed, and is held by armature plates 46 and 47.

  The superconducting motor 1 having the above-described configuration causes the N pole and the S pole to alternately appear at both ends of the armature core 41 in the rotation axis direction according to the AC cycle by supplying an AC current to the superconducting coil 45 from the outside. The rotor 30 is rotated by applying an attractive force / repulsive force to the permanent magnet 31 of the rotor 30 by the rotating magnetic field. Then, by rotating the rotary shaft 20 integrally connected to the rotor 30 around the axis, the superconducting motor 1 obtains a rotational driving force with low rotation and large torque.

  As described above, this large torque rotational driving force is generated by the strong magnetic field generated by flowing a large current through the superconducting coil 45 by the superconducting phenomenon in the stator 40 and magnetizing the armature core 41, and the permanent magnet 31 provided in the rotor 30. However, at the same time, a strong magnetic force acts between the armature core 41 and the permanent magnet 31 in the direction of the rotation axis. In this superconducting motor 1, a pair of rotors 30 are provided at positions sandwiching the stator 40 in the direction of the rotation axis, and the magnetic force in the direction of the rotation axis is offset.

The rotor 30 in the superconducting motor 1 having the above-described configuration has an attachment / detachment mechanism that allows the plurality of permanent magnets 31 to be attached / detached in the radial direction perpendicular to the rotation shaft 20 individually.
Hereinafter, this attachment / detachment mechanism will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 2 is a front view showing the configuration of the rotor 30 in the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the rotor 30 in the embodiment of the present invention. In addition, in FIG. 3, illustration of the outer holder 70 mentioned later, a screw hole, etc. is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the rotor 30 as viewed in the AA cross section in FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is a rear view showing the configuration of the rotor 30 in the embodiment of the present invention.

  The permanent magnet 31 has a substantially fan shape (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The permanent magnet 31 is a magnet unit 60 that is surrounded by a magnet frame 50 in a frame shape and individually unitized. The magnet frame 50 includes linear side frames 51 and 52 provided along a pair of linear sides of the permanent magnet 31, and an arc side frame provided along the arc side on the inner diameter side and the arc side on the outer diameter side of the permanent magnet 31. 53 and 54 are fastened and fixed in a frame shape.

  The straight side frames 51 and 52 have a sandwiching portion 55 that sandwiches the permanent magnet 31 in the thickness direction (rotational axis direction) (see FIG. 3). Screw holes 56 are formed in the arc-side frames 53 and 54 in the thickness direction (rotational axis direction) (see FIG. 2).

  The insulating material 54a at the center of the arc-side frame 54 comes into contact with the permanent magnet 31 in the radial direction by screwing a screw member 54b (see FIG. 2). Further, at least a part of the pair of straight sides of the permanent magnet 31 is configured to contact the straight side frames 51 and 52. As a result, the permanent magnet 31 and the magnet frame 50 are brought into contact with each other at least three points, thereby eliminating backlash in the radial direction and the circumferential direction. Further, an appropriate portion of the gap between the permanent magnet 31 and the magnet frame 50 is filled with an adhesive (not shown).

  The magnet unit 60 having the above configuration can be fastened and fixed to the holding surface 61 a of the rotor disk 61. A hole 62 into which the rotary shaft 20 is fitted is formed at the center of the rotor disk 61. A holding surface 61 a that holds the magnet unit 60 along the radial direction is formed on one side of the rotor disk 61 facing the stator 40 in the rotation axis direction (left side in FIG. 4).

  As shown in FIG. 3, a back yoke 32 is embedded on one side of the rotor disk 61 in the rotation axis direction. The back yoke 32 is annularly provided in the rotor disk 61.

  On the center side of the rotor disk 61, a protrusion 66 is provided that protrudes to one side in the rotation axis direction with respect to the holding surface 61a and can face the magnet unit 60 in the radial direction. The protrusion 66 is formed with a plurality of grooves 66a (eight per rotor in this embodiment) for fitting and positioning the tip of the magnet unit 60.

  In the inner ring portion 63 and the outer ring portion 64 of the rotor disk 61, the magnet unit 60 positioned by the groove 66a is held from the other side in the rotation axis direction opposite to the one side in the rotation axis direction (the right side in FIG. 4). A hole 67 is formed on the surface 61a to be fastened and fixed. The hole 67 is formed at a position that coincides with the screw hole 56 in the rotation axis direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a key groove (groove) 68 is formed on the holding surface 61 a of the outer ring portion 64. The keyway 68 is formed in a gap between a specific magnet unit 60A (first magnet unit) held on the holding surface 61a and a magnet unit 60B (second magnet unit) held adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. It is formed in the corresponding position. A key member 69 is inserted in a radial direction into a gap formed by the key groove 68, the magnet unit 60A, and the magnet unit 60B.

  On the outer peripheral side of the rotor disk 61, it protrudes to one side in the rotational axis direction with respect to the holding surface 61a, and can be opposed to the magnet unit 60 in the radial direction (indicated by a solid line in FIG. 4), and retracted from the opposite position. An outer holder 70 is provided that is movable in the direction of the rotation axis between the retracted position (indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 4).

  The outer holder 70 is formed in an annular shape, and is provided with a plurality of fixing portions 71 for fixing the magnet unit 60 by screwing screw members in the radial direction (see FIGS. 2 and 4). The outer holder 70 is configured to be movable in the direction of the rotation axis along the outer periphery of the rotor disk 61 by releasing the screw member 72 provided on the other side of the rotor disk 61 in the rotation axis direction. Further, the outer holder 70 is formed with a notch 70a so as not to hinder the screw member 73 on the outer ring portion 64 side that fastens and fixes the magnet unit 60 from the other side in the rotation axis direction (see FIG. 5). ).

  Subsequently, the attachment of the rotor 30 and the replacement work of the permanent magnet 31 in the superconducting motor 1 having the above configuration will be described.

  When attaching the rotor 30 to the rotating shaft 20, first, only the rotor disk 61 is attached to the rotating shaft 20 with the magnet unit 60 removed. Specifically, the rotary shaft 20 is inserted through the hole 62, and the rotor disk 61 is moved in the direction of the rotary shaft and fixed at a position as shown in FIG. By assembling the basic structure of the motor without a magnet in this way, it is possible to eliminate the magnetic effect during assembly and perform the assembly work safely and accurately.

  When the rotor disk 61 is attached to the rotary shaft 20, the screw member 72 is unscrewed and the outer holder 70 is moved to the retracted position. Then, the magnet units 60 are inserted one by one from the radial direction along the holding surface 61a (indicated by arrows in FIG. 2). Thus, by attaching the magnet unit 60 individually, the influence of magnetic force can be reduced and workability | operativity can be improved. Further, by inserting the magnet unit 60 from the radial direction, the permanent magnet 31 can be assembled in a narrow gap between the rotor 30 and the stator 40 even after the rotor disk 61 is attached.

  The magnet unit 60 is moved in the radial direction along the holding surface 61 a toward the center side of the rotor disk 61, and the tip of the magnet unit 60 is fitted into the groove 66 a of the protrusion 66 to be positioned.

  Next, the screw member 73 is inserted into the hole 67 from the other side in the rotation axis direction (the right side of the drawing in FIG. 4), and the tip portion is screwed into the screw hole 56, and the magnet unit 60 is fastened and fixed to the holding surface 61a. To do. In this way, workability can be improved by allowing the magnet unit 60 to be fastened and fixed to the holding surface 61a from the other side in the rotation axis direction in which a space can be secured.

  After the magnet unit 60 is individually fastened and fixed to the holding surface 61a, the key member 69 is then inserted into the gap between the adjacent magnet units 60A and 60B and the key groove 68 from the radial direction (see FIG. 3). In this way, by inserting the key member 69 from the radial direction and filling the gap, the backlash between the first magnet unit 60A and the second magnet unit 60B adjacent to the first magnet unit 60A is eliminated, and the torque is reduced. It can be transmitted to the rotor disk 61.

When the key member 69 is inserted, finally, the outer holder 70 is moved to the opposite position, the screw member is screwed in in the radial direction, and the magnet unit 60A is fixed in the radial direction by the fixing portion 71. Thereby, the outer holder 70 can receive the radial centrifugal force applied to the magnet unit 60.
Thus, the mounting operation of the rotor 30 is completed.

On the other hand, when replacing the permanent magnet 31, first, the fixing portion 71 is released and the screw member 72 is released. Then, the outer holder 70 is moved from the facing position to the retracted position. Next, the key member 69 is pulled out in the radial direction, the screw member 73 is unscrewed from the other side in the rotation axis direction (the right side in FIG. 4), and the fastening and fixing to the holding surface 61a of the magnet unit 60 is released. Using a tool or the like, the magnet unit 60 to be replaced is removed in the radial direction along the holding surface 61a.
Then, a new magnet unit 60 is attached to the rotor disk 61 by following the reverse procedure.
Thus, the replacement work of the permanent magnet 31 is completed.

Therefore, according to the above-described embodiment, the superconducting motor 1 in which the rotor 30 and the stator 40 are disposed to face each other in the rotation axis direction along the rotation shaft 20, and the rotor 30 is arranged in the circumferential direction around the rotation shaft 20. By adopting a configuration in which a plurality of permanent magnets 31 are provided, and a plurality of permanent magnets 31 are individually detachable in a radial direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft 20, the rotation is achieved. With the rotor 30 attached to the shaft 20, the permanent magnets 31 can be attached and detached individually one by one from the radial direction. Therefore, it is not necessary to incorporate the permanent magnet 31 in advance before the attachment of the rotor 30, and it is not necessary to remove the rotor 30 from the rotating shaft 20 when replacing the permanent magnet 31. The workability of exchange can be improved.
Therefore, in the present invention, the superconducting motor 1 in which the attachment of the rotor 30 and the replacement of the permanent magnet 31 can be easily obtained.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described referring drawings, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. Various shapes, combinations, and the like of the constituent members shown in the above-described embodiments are examples, and various modifications can be made based on design requirements and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  For example, in the above embodiment, a superconducting motor is employed as the axial gap type rotating machine, but the present invention can be applied to an electric motor or a generator having another configuration.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Superconducting motor (axial gap type rotary machine), 20 ... Rotating shaft, 30 ... Rotor, 31 ... Permanent magnet, 40 ... Stator, 50 ... Magnet frame (frame), 60 (60A, 60B) ... Magnet unit (first Magnet unit, second magnet unit), 61 ... rotor disk, 61a ... holding surface, 66 ... protrusion, 68 ... key groove (groove), 69 ... key member, 70 ... outer holder

Claims (3)

An axial gap type rotating machine in which a rotor and a stator are arranged to face each other in a rotating shaft direction along the rotating shaft,
The rotor has a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in a circumferential direction around the rotation axis,
Have a detachable mechanism for detachably said plurality of permanent magnets in the radial direction orthogonal to the rotation axis separately,
The attachment / detachment mechanism is
A magnet unit surrounded by a frame around the permanent magnet;
A holding surface for holding the magnet unit along the radial direction is provided on one side of the rotation axis direction facing the stator, and the magnet unit is mounted from the other side of the rotation axis direction opposite to the one side of the rotation axis direction. A rotor disk that can be fastened and fixed to the holding surface;
On the outer peripheral side of the rotor disk, between the facing position that protrudes to the one side in the rotation axis direction with respect to the holding surface and can face the magnet unit in the radial direction, and the retreat position that retreats from the facing position An axial gap type rotating machine comprising: an outer holder that is movable in a rotation axis direction . The detachable mechanism in the radial direction center side of the rotor disc, wherein, characterized in that it comprises a counter capable protrusions in the radial direction and protruding the magnet unit to the rotation axis direction one side with respect to the holding surface Item 2. An axial gap type rotating machine according to Item 1 . Formed by a groove formed on the holding surface, a first magnet unit held on the holding surface, and a second magnet unit held next to the first magnet unit in the circumferential direction. The axial gap type rotating machine according to claim 1, further comprising a key member that is inserted in a gap in a radial direction and fills the gap.

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