JP5687562B2 - Lighting equipment for plant disease control - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant disease control lighting apparatus including a lamp that emits light including ultraviolet rays.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been known a plant disease control lighting apparatus that induces disease resistance in a plant by providing a lamp above the plant and emitting ultraviolet rays from the lamp. In this lighting apparatus, when the plant grows and becomes tall, the distance between the upper part of the plant and the lamp is shortened. Therefore, there is a problem that the amount of ultraviolet irradiation increases in the upper part of the plant, the amount of ultraviolet irradiation increases, and sunburn damage occurs in the upper part of the plant.

  By the way, although it is not a lighting device for plant disease control, the cultivation gauge which put the light-shielding board by which the opening part and the closing part are alternately arrange | positioned on the top plate surface of the gauge main body is known (for example, patent document 1). reference).

  When this cultivation gauge technique is applied to the plant disease control lighting apparatus, it is conceivable to dispose the light shielding plate above the plant.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-23423

  However, in such a technique, when the plant grows and extends upward, the upper part of the plant is not necessarily located below the closed part of the light shielding plate, so that the sun damage on the upper part of the plant is reliably suppressed. Difficult to do.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and in a plant disease control lighting apparatus equipped with a lamp that emits ultraviolet rays, when a plant grows and approaches a lamp, it ensures that the approaching part is tanned. An object of the present invention is to provide a lighting device for controlling plant diseases.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the plant disease control lighting apparatus of the present invention, in the plant disease control lighting apparatus provided with a lamp that emits light containing ultraviolet rays, the instrument body or a string portion that connects the lamp and the plant And a fixing part provided at an end of the string part on the plant side for fixing the string part to the plant and an intermediate part of the string part, and the light emitted from the lamp And a light shielding portion for shielding light.

  In this invention, it is desirable that the string part has a fastening part for fastening the light shielding part to the string part.

  In this invention, it is desirable that a plurality of the fastening portions are provided on the string portion.

  In this invention, the said fastening part is comprised by the part thicker than the other part in the said string part, The said light-shielding part has a hole of the dimension which can penetrate the said string part, and this string is inserted in the hole. The part may be passed through and the edge of the hole may be caught by the fastening part, thereby being fastened to the fastening part.

  In this invention, the light-shielding part may have a hook part on the upper part of the light-shielding part so that the string part is detachably hooked to the fastening part in a state where the instrument body or the lamp and the plant are connected. Good.

  In the present invention, it is desirable that the light-shielding part has a characteristic of cutting ultraviolet rays of 300 nm or less.

  In this invention, it is desirable that the string portion is made of an elastic body.

  In the present invention, the length of the string portion is preferably within 3 m.

  According to the present invention, when the instrument main body is arranged above the plant and the instrument main body or the lamp and the plant upper part are connected by the string part, the plant grows and becomes higher, and the upper part approaches the lamp. The ultraviolet rays from the lamp toward the upper part of the plant are shielded by the light shielding part. Therefore, the ultraviolet exposure amount of the plant upper part can be reduced reliably, and the sunburn of the plant upper part can be suppressed reliably.

(A) is a front view which shows the lighting equipment for plant disease control which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is the top view. The perspective view of the string part and light-shielding part of the said lighting fixture. (A) is the front view of the fixture main body of the said lighting fixture, (b) is the partially expanded view, (c) is the side view. The perspective view which shows one modification of the said string part. The perspective view which shows another modification of the said string part. (A) is a perspective view which shows the modification of the said light-shielding part, (b) is a perspective view which shows the use condition of the light-shielding part. (A) is a front view which shows the modification of the said instrument main body, (b) is the side view. (A) is a front view which shows another modification of the said instrument main body, (b) is the side view. (A) is a front view which shows another modification of the said instrument main body, (b) is the side view.

  A plant disease control lighting apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a lighting apparatus) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig.1 (a) (b) shows the structure of the lighting fixture of this embodiment. The lighting device 1 is installed in a field F1 in a vinyl house or a glass house (hereinafter referred to as a house), emits ultraviolet rays, and induces disease resistance of the plant P1 in the field F1 by the ultraviolet rays. It is a device to control the diseases of

  The luminaire 1 is provided in a lamp 2 that emits light including ultraviolet rays, an appliance body 3 that holds the lamp 2, a string portion 4 that connects the appliance body 3 and the plant P1, and an intermediate portion of the string portion 4. And a light shielding unit 5 that shields light emitted from the lamp 2. The instrument main body 3 is supported by the support member 30 and is disposed above the plant P1. The string part 4 includes a string 41, a fixing part 42 for connecting and fixing the string 41 to the plant P <b> 1, an engagement part 43 for connecting and engaging the string 41 to the instrument body 3, and the light shielding part 5. A fastening portion 44 for fastening to the string portion 4 is provided. The fixing part 42 is provided at the end of the string 41 on the plant P1 side, and the engaging part 43 is provided at the end of the string 41 on the instrument body 3 side. A plurality of lighting fixtures 1 are installed in the field F1, and they are arranged with an interval of, for example, about 5 [m] from each other.

  In the field F1, cocoons R1 are formed in parallel to each other, and a plurality of plants P1 are planted along the cocoon R1 in each cocoon R1. Plants P1 include fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplant, cucumbers, citrus, peppers, melons, watermelons, beans such as soybeans, green beans, broad beans, peas, flowers such as chrysanthemum, roses, eustoma, carnations, and beetles, rice, Or tea is suitable. The plant P1 may be any type as long as the height is high.

  The lamp 2 emits ultraviolet rays (UV-B) in the wavelength range from 280 nm to 320 nm. Ultraviolet rays in that wavelength range have the property of effectively inducing disease resistance of the plant P1. The lamp 2 may be a light source of any light emission type or shape as long as it can emit this ultraviolet ray. The lamp 2 is composed of a fluorescent lamp, an electrodeless discharge lamp, a metal halide lamp, a high-intensity discharge lamp (HID lamp) such as a high-pressure sodium lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), or an organic electroluminescence (OLED). In the present embodiment, the lamp 2 is, for example, a 20 W type straight tube UV-B fluorescent lamp, and is lit for 6 hours in the daytime every day by manual operation or automatically by an automatic drive circuit.

  The instrument body 3 is disposed between the adjacent ridges R1 in parallel with a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the ridge R1. The support member 30 is composed of a beam or the like constituting the house, but may be a dedicated member that supports the instrument body 3.

  Next, the string portion 4 and the light shielding portion 5 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 in addition to FIG. FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the string portion 4 and the light shielding portion 5.

  Even if the length of the plant P1 is increased due to the growth and the distance between the instrument body 3 and the plant P1 is shortened, the string 41 is made of elastic rubber or the like so that they can be connected in a straight line. It is constituted by an elastic body.

  The length of the string part 4 will be described. Here, it is assumed that the length of the string portion 4 is longer than the distance from the lamp 2 to the end of the area where the ultraviolet rays of the lamp 2 can cause troubles such as sunburn. In this case, when the plant P1 grows and the upper part enters the area, the string part 4 is slackened, the position of the light shielding part 5 is lowered, and the ultraviolet rays from the lamp 2 toward the upper part of the plant P1 are shielded. The portion 5 makes it difficult to shield the light. On the other hand, if the string portion 4 has a length within the distance from the lamp 2 to the edge of the area, the string portion 4 is prevented from sagging and the light shielding portion 5 is disposed at an appropriate position for the light shielding. You can continue. When the lamp 2 is a 20 W type, the distance is about 3 m, so the length of the string portion 4 is 3 m.

  Although the fixing | fixed part 42 is comprised by the hook hooked on the branch etc. of the plant P1, it is not limited to this, The clip which pinches | interposes a branch etc. may be sufficient. The engaging portion 43 is configured by an annular member that is detachably hooked and engaged with the hook 34 of the instrument body 3, but may be configured by a hook.

  The fastening portion 44 has a through-hole, and is constituted by a rubber sphere in which the string portion 4 is passed through the through-hole, and forms a portion thicker than the other portions in the string 41. The fastening portion 44 is movable along the string 41 and can be disposed at any position on the string 41. However, a frictional force is provided between the inner surface of the through hole of the fastening portion 44 and the string portion 4 so that the fastening portion 43 does not move freely due to its own weight and the weight of the light shielding portion 5. The shape and material of the fastening portion 44 are not limited to the above. The fastening portion 44 may be fixed to the string 41 with an adhesive or the like so that it cannot move.

  The light-shielding part 5 is constituted by a light-shielding plate having a hole 51 sized to allow the string part 4 to be inserted. The string part 4 is passed through the hole 51 and the edge of the hole 51 is hooked on the fastening part 44. Fastened to part 44. The shading plate reflects or diminishes part of the light emitted from the lamp 2 so as not to hit the plant P1, and its size depends on the size of the lamp 2 and the plant P1. Is preset. Although the said light-shielding plate is circular shape, it is not limited to this shape, A polygonal shape may be sufficient.

  When the light-shielding plate has a reflection function, the light-shielding plate can be formed of a metal such as light-impermeable aluminum, stainless steel, iron, or a steel plate to which rust prevention coating has been applied. Since the reflectance of B is high, those made of aluminum are desirable. Such aluminum light-shielding plates include those using only aluminum, those obtained by anodizing aluminum, and those obtained by depositing aluminum on the surface of another material. Further, the light-shielding plate includes a material in which a plurality of transparent materials having different refractive indexes are thinly formed in multiple layers on the surface of aluminum to increase the amount of reflected light in the UV-B wavelength region.

  When the light-shielding plate has a dimming function, the light-shielding plate can be formed of a translucent resin whose spectral transmittance has been adjusted in advance. By the way, among ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 380 nm or less, UV-B (ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 280 to 320 nm) and UV-C (ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 280 nm or less) have a characteristic of causing sunburn damage to plants. However, ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 300 to 320 nm on the long wavelength side in UV-B are relatively less likely to cause sunburn damage to plants and have the effect of inducing disease resistance to plants. In contrast, ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 300 nm or less can severely damage plants. Therefore, when the light-shielding plate has a dimming function, the light-shielding plate has a characteristic of cutting UV-B having a wavelength of 300 nm or less and UV-C.

  When the light-shielding part 5 has a dimming function, the light-shielding part 5 is constituted by the metal or resin light-shielding plate, and the light-shielding plate is provided with a hole through which the radiated light from the lamp 2 is passed in advance. Depending on the size and number of the holes, the transmittance (aperture ratio) of the light shielding plate may be adjusted in advance.

  FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the instrument body 3. The instrument main body 3 includes an instrument casing 31, a lamp socket 32 protruding from the lower side of the instrument casing 31, and a reflecting plate 33 that reflects the radiated light of the lamp 2.

  The appliance housing 31 accommodates a drive circuit for the lamp 2. When the lamp 2 is constituted by a fluorescent lamp, an electrodeless discharge lamp, or a high-intensity discharge lamp, the ballast of the lamp 2 is placed in the appliance housing 31. It is stored. This ballast may be either an electronic ballast or a copper iron ballast.

  The lamp socket 32 is integrally formed with a lamp receiving member to which the lamp 2 is mounted and a power supply terminal for supplying power to the lamp 2 by the voltage from the drive circuit while the lamp 2 is held by the lamp receiving member. Has been.

  Two reflecting plates 33 are provided in the lower part of the fixture housing 31 in parallel with the direction in which the lamp 2 extends, and an upward hook for hooking the engaging portion 43 of the string portion 4 to the tip of each reflecting plate 33. 34 are provided at equal intervals. The number of hooks 34 is not limited to the number shown. The reflectors 33 are arranged so as to face each other with the lamp 2 interposed therebetween, and the upper part thereof is inclined in the direction of the lamp 2, and directs the radiated light of the lamp 2 toward the plant P <b> 1 below the lamp 2 (see FIG. 1). To reflect.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 3, the usage method of the lighting fixture 1 is demonstrated. When the plant P1 grows to approximately 50 cm, the operator hooks the engaging portion 43 of the string portion 4 on the hook 34 of the instrument body 3, and the fixing portion 42 of the string portion 4 is near the top of the plant P1. Fixed to the stem. When the area to be shielded from light is wide, the light shielding part 5 is arranged at a position close to the lamp 2.

  Here, the reason why the string portion 4 is attached when the height of the plant P1 reaches approximately 50 cm will be described. In general, a house is built on the assumption that a person performs farming work in the house, and thus has a height higher than the average height of an adult male. Therefore, in the state where the height of the plant P1 is low, the distance between the instrument body 3 and the plant P1 becomes long. Therefore, even if the string part 4 is attached in this state and the radiated light from the lamp 2 is shielded by the light shielding part 5, the radiated light within the range that can be shielded is limited in the radiated light toward the plant P1. Therefore, by refraining from attaching the string part 4 until the plant P1 is approximately 50 cm, the load on the plant P1 due to the tension of the string part 4 is reduced, and the influence on the growth of the plant P1 is suppressed.

  In this embodiment, the instrument main body 3 arranged above the plant P1 and the upper part of the plant P1 are connected by the string part 4, so that the plant P1 grows and becomes higher, and the upper part becomes close to the lamp 2. Even so, the ultraviolet rays from the lamp 2 toward the upper portion of the plant P1 are shielded by the light shielding portion 5. Therefore, the ultraviolet exposure amount of the upper part of the plant P1 can be reduced reliably, and the sunburn of the upper part of the plant P1 can be reliably suppressed. In addition, only the ultraviolet rays going to the upper part of the plant P1 are shielded, and the ultraviolet rays going to the portion far from the lamp 2 of the plant P1 are left as they are, and the plant disease control effect on the far portion can be maintained. Moreover, since the string part 4 is fixed to the plant P1 by the fixing part 42, even if the plant P1 grows, the string part 4 is difficult to come off, and a sunburn suppressing effect can be obtained with certainty.

  Moreover, the light shielding part 5 can be fixed simply by passing the string 41 through the hole 51 of the light shielding part 5 and hooking the edge of the hole 51 on the fastening part 44, and the fixing work is simplified.

  Even if the plant P1 grows and approaches the lamp 2, the light-shielding part 5 cuts off high-energy ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 300 nm or less, thereby suppressing sun damage to the leaves and fruits near the lamp 2. it can. Moreover, since low-energy ultraviolet light having a wavelength longer than 300 nm is transmitted, the effect of inducing disease resistance can be maintained with respect to the leaves and fruits of the above site.

  In addition, since the string 41 is formed of an elastic body, even if the plant P1 grows and the distance between the upper part of the plant P1 and the instrument body 3 changes, the string 41 does not slack, and the straight line due to the tension. Can be maintained. Therefore, the ultraviolet rays traveling from the lamp 2 toward the upper portion of the plant P1 can be reliably cut by the light shielding portion 5.

  Moreover, since the length of the string part 4 is within 3 m, even if the lamp 2 is 20 W, the plant P1 grows, and even if the lamp 2 enters the area where the sunburn trouble may occur (within 3 m), the string 2 It is possible to keep the light-shielding part 5 from being disposed at an appropriate position while suppressing the sagging of the part 4.

  By the way, since the lamp 2 has a straight tube shape, the emitted light spreads in a direction orthogonal to the lamp 2, but hardly spreads in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, since the instrument body 3 is disposed between the adjacent ridges R1 along the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the ridge R1, even if the plant P1 grows close to the height of the lamp 2, The amount of ultraviolet irradiation to the upper end part of the plant P1 arrange | positioned in 2 vicinity can further be suppressed. Moreover, since there is no obstacle between the lamps to the plant P1 far from the lamp 2, appropriate light can be irradiated from the side surface direction of the plant P1.

  Hereinafter, various modifications of the above embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings, the same components as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  FIG. 4 shows a modification of the string portion 4. The string part 4 is provided with a plurality of fastening parts 44, for example, at equal intervals. In the present modification, the string portion 4 can be fixed by selecting an arbitrary position from a plurality of positions defined by the fastening portion 44. In addition, the operation of changing the fixing position of the string portion 4 is simple by selecting another fastening portion 44 and hooking it on the selected fastening portion 44.

  FIG. 5 shows another modification of the string portion 4. In the string portion 4, a plurality of sets of fastening portions 44 are provided as a set of two fastening portions 44 arranged at an interval slightly narrower than the width of the light shielding plate. In this modification, by inserting the edge of the hole 51 of the light shielding part 5 into the gap between the pair of fastening parts 44, the light shielding part 5 is sandwiched between the fastening parts 44, so that the person touches the light shielding part 5. Even if the wind hits, the light shielding part 5 is difficult to come off from the string part 4. Further, the same effect as that of the modification shown in FIG. 4 can be obtained. Note that only one set of the fastening portions 44 may be provided on the string portion 4.

  FIG. 6 shows a modification of the light shielding unit 5. The light-shielding part 5 has a hook part 52 on the upper part of the light-shielding part 5 so that the string part 4 is detachably hooked to the fastening part 44 in a state where the instrument body 3 and the plant P1 (see FIG. 1) are connected. The hook portion 52 is configured by a hook protruding upward from the top of the light shielding portion 5 (see FIG. 6A). When the hook portion 52 is hooked on the string 41 and the light-shielding portion 5 is hung, the hook portion 52 abuts on the fastening portion 44 and its movement is restricted and fixed (see FIG. 6B).

  In the present modification, the light shielding portion 5 can be fixed and removed even after the string portion 4 is fixed to the plant P1. In addition, the hook 52 is slid along the string 41 by the weight of the light-shielding portion 5 and hooked to the fastening portion 44 by the weight of the light-shielding portion 5, and the light-shielding portion 5 is fixed. Becomes easier. Moreover, the removal work of the light-shielding part 5 can be simplified by simply lifting the light-shielding part 5 and releasing the catch on the fastening part 44 by the hook part 52.

  FIG. 7 shows a modification of the instrument body 3. In the instrument body 3, hooks 34 are provided on both side surfaces of the lamp socket 32. Also in this modification, the same effect as the above embodiment can be obtained.

  FIG. 8 shows another modification of the instrument body 3. The instrument body 3 has an annular heat-resistant band 35 through which the lamp 2 is passed, and a hook 34 is fixed to the band 35. The hook 34 is engaged with the engaging portion 43 of the string portion 4, and thus the string portion 4 is engaged with the lamp 2 and connects the lamp 2 and the plant P <b> 1 (see FIG. 1). Also in this modification, the same effect as the above embodiment can be obtained.

  FIG. 9 shows still another modification of the instrument body 3. In the instrument body 3, a spiral spring 36 is provided instead of the hook 34. The spiral spring 36 is hung by the end of the outermost periphery being fixed to the tip of the reflector 33, and faces the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the lamp 2, and the end of the innermost periphery is a string portion. The four engaging portions 43 function as hooks to be hooked.

  The string 41 is pulled by the urging force of the spiral spring 36, and is kept in a straight line regardless of the height of the plant P1 (see FIG. 1). In order to make the string 41 durable, the string 41 is preferably made of stainless steel wire or the like. Also in this modification, the same effect as the above embodiment can be obtained.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the structure of the said embodiment and each modification, A various deformation | transformation is possible according to the intended purpose. For example, each modification may be combined with another modification. The field F1 may be an open field.

  Further, since the light-shielding part 5 is fixed to the string part 4, it is desirable that the light-shielding part 5 be as thin and light as possible. Therefore, only the frame of the light-shielding plate is made of metal or resin, and the light-shielding part held by the frame You may form the main-body part of a board with thin cloth-like resin, a nonwoven fabric, or paper.

  Further, a winder for winding the string portion 4 manually or automatically may be provided in the instrument body 3 so that the string portion 4 does not sag. In this case, when the length of the string portion 4 is about 3 m, the string portion 4 is properly accommodated in the winder.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lighting fixture 2 for plant disease control Lamp 3 Instrument body 4 String part 42 Fixing part 44 Fastening part 5 Light-shielding part 51 Hole 52 Hook part P1 Plant

Claims (8)

In a plant disease control lighting device having a lamp that emits light including ultraviolet rays,
A string part connecting the instrument body or the lamp and the plant,
A fixing portion provided at an end of the string portion on the plant side for connecting the string portion to a plant and fixing the string portion;
A plant disease control lighting apparatus, comprising: a light-shielding portion that is provided at an intermediate portion of the string portion and shields light emitted from the lamp.   The lighting device for controlling plant diseases according to claim 1, wherein the string part has a fastening part for fastening the light shielding part to the string part.   The lighting device for controlling plant diseases according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the fastening portions are provided on the string portion. The fastening portion is constituted by a portion that is thicker than other portions in the string portion,
The light-shielding portion has a hole having a size that allows the string portion to be inserted, and the string portion is passed through the hole, and an edge of the hole is hooked on the retaining portion, thereby being fastened to the retaining portion. The lighting device for controlling plant diseases according to claim 2 or 3.   The said light-shielding part has the hook part which can be hooked on the said fastening part in the state which the said string part connected the instrument main body or the said lamp | ramp, and the plant in the upper part of this light-shielding part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. Or the lighting fixture for plant disease control of Claim 3.   6. The plant disease control lighting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding part has a characteristic of cutting ultraviolet rays of 300 nm or less.   The lighting device for controlling plant diseases according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the string portion is made of an elastic body.   The length of the said string part is 3 m or less, The lighting device for plant disease control as described in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 7 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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