JP5681463B2 - Ground improvement equipment for underwater ground - Google Patents
Ground improvement equipment for underwater ground Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5681463B2 JP5681463B2 JP2010265151A JP2010265151A JP5681463B2 JP 5681463 B2 JP5681463 B2 JP 5681463B2 JP 2010265151 A JP2010265151 A JP 2010265151A JP 2010265151 A JP2010265151 A JP 2010265151A JP 5681463 B2 JP5681463 B2 JP 5681463B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- spiral blade
- excavation
- injection
- ground improvement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 hafconium Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910001583 allophane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001579 aluminosilicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004045 organic chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012629 purifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Description
本発明は、川底、湖底、海底といった水底の地盤を改良するための地盤改良装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a ground improvement device for improving the bottom of a water bottom such as a river bottom, a lake bottom, or a sea bottom.
軟弱地盤を、所定強度をもった地盤へ改良する工事は、陸上のみならず、川底、湖底、海底等の水底の地盤に対しても行われる。例えば、橋を架けるためには、橋脚が必要になるが、その橋脚の基礎は、川底や海底等の水底地盤に構築される。この地盤が軟弱地盤のままであると橋脚が倒れるおそれがあることから、地盤改良が必要となる。 The work to improve the soft ground to a ground with a predetermined strength is performed not only on land but also on the bottom of the water such as riverbed, lake bottom and seabed. For example, in order to build a bridge, a pier is necessary, but the foundation of the pier is constructed on the bottom of the river or the seabed. If this ground remains soft, the pier may fall over, so ground improvement is required.
また、沿岸海域には、工場等が隣接し、河川を通して流れ込む様々な汚染物質に加え、養殖等による飼料残渣や排泄物により、海底表面がヘドロ等の汚泥層で被覆され漁場の老朽化や富栄養化が進展して悪化していることから、海底土泥層を健全な土壌に改良する必要もある。これは、水質汚濁、無酸素水塊の発生、富栄養化により、養殖業における生産性の悪化、病害の発生、悪臭、透明度の低下等を防止するためである。 In addition, the coastal sea area is adjacent to factories, etc., and in addition to various pollutants flowing through the river, the sea bottom surface is covered with sludge layers such as sludge due to feed residues and excrement due to aquaculture, etc. It is necessary to improve the submarine mud layer to a healthy soil due to the progress of nutrition. This is because water pollution, generation of oxygen-free water mass, and eutrophication prevent the deterioration of productivity in the aquaculture industry, the occurrence of disease, malodor, and the decrease in transparency.
従来、このような水底地盤を改良するために、以下の装置や方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１〜３参照）。 Conventionally, the following apparatuses and methods have been proposed in order to improve such a submarine ground (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 to 3).
特許文献１には、表層にヘドロ等の汚泥層が堆積され砂層や軟弱層で形成された積層の海底泥土層の掘削揚泥装置が開示されている。この装置は、積層の海底泥土層を高さ方向に複数段に区分し、まず、最上段の第１層中へ掘削装置を埋没させ、回転筒ならびに竪型スクリュコンベアのスクリュ羽根を回転駆動して、第１層中を上から下へと掘進しつつ、掘削された泥土を竪型スクリュコンベアで揚泥する。揚泥された泥土は、排出口から排出され、第１層表面よりも上部に下端がある吐出管から吐出される第１層の表面に順次落下堆積する。第１層の掘進が終わると、次に、同様の方法で、第２層、第３層、…と作業を継続することにより、第１層が最下層となり、作業前の積層順序と全く逆転した積層順序となり、最も汚染度の少ない健全な層を表層に転換することにより、地盤改良を行っている。 Patent Document 1 discloses an excavation and pumping device for a laminated seabed mud layer in which a sludge layer such as sludge is deposited on a surface layer and is formed of a sand layer or a soft layer. This equipment divides the laminated submarine mud layer into multiple levels in the height direction. First, the excavator is buried in the uppermost first layer, and the rotary blades and the screw blades of the vertical screw conveyor are driven to rotate. Then, while excavating the first layer from top to bottom, the excavated mud is pumped up by a vertical screw conveyor. The mud that has been pumped up is discharged from the discharge port, and sequentially falls and accumulates on the surface of the first layer discharged from the discharge pipe having the lower end above the surface of the first layer. When the first layer is completed, the second layer, the third layer,... Are continued in the same manner as described above, so that the first layer becomes the lowermost layer and completely reverses the stacking order before the operation. The ground is improved by changing the order of layering and converting the healthy layer with the least contamination to the surface layer.
特許文献２には、水底の地盤の掘削が可能となる連続壁造成用溝掘削装置が開示されている。この掘削装置は、掘削刃により海底地盤に連続壁造成用の溝を掘削するチェーン式カッターと、海面上に浮遊する台船に設置される掘削装置本体と、チェーン式カッターを海底地盤の表面付近で支持しながら、そのカッターによる掘削反力を、掘削装置本体に伝達する支持手段とを具備し、これにより、水底の地盤の掘削を可能とし、また、台船に搭載した固化体供給装置から固化体注入管を介してセメントミルクを溝内に送り込み、ソイルセメント壁を形成することにより、連続壁の造成を行い、地盤改良を行っている。 Patent Document 2 discloses a continuous wall forming groove excavating apparatus that enables excavation of the bottom of the water bottom. This drilling rig has a chain-type cutter that drills a groove for continuous wall construction on the seabed ground with a drilling blade, a drilling machine body installed on a trolley floating on the sea surface, and a chain-type cutter near the surface of the seabed ground. Supporting means for transmitting the reaction force excavated by the cutter to the main body of the excavator while supporting it, thereby enabling excavation of the ground at the bottom of the water, and from the solidified body supply device mounted on the base boat Cement milk is fed into the groove through the solidified material injection pipe to form a soil cement wall, thereby creating a continuous wall and improving the ground.
特許文献３には、水面下の軟弱な地盤の地盤改良を行うための地盤改良工法が開示されている。この工法は、容器状建造物、例えばケーソンを水面下の地盤上に設置し、地盤改良用機器を用いて水面下の地盤の容器状建造物下方の領域に垂直方向のボーリングをして地盤改良機器から固化材噴射手段を挿入し、その固化材噴射手段を回転しながら水平方向へ固化材を噴射し且つ固化材噴射手段を上方へ引き上げて地盤改良を行い、その地盤改良の際に発生した水面下の地盤の土壌と固化材との混合物である排出物、例えばスライムを容器状建造物内に収容する。これにより、地盤改良に際して気象条件、潮位、波力等の影響を受けることなく安定した足場上で行うことができ、また、地盤改良時に大量に発生する流動性物質を有効利用することができるようにされている。 Patent Document 3 discloses a ground improvement method for improving the ground of soft ground under water. In this method, a container-like structure, such as a caisson, is installed on the ground below the surface of the water, and the ground is improved by boring the area below the container-like structure on the ground below the surface of the water using a ground improvement device. Inserted the solidifying material injection means from the equipment, while rotating the solidifying material injection means, injecting the solidification material in the horizontal direction and raising the solidifying material injection means upward to improve the ground, occurred during the ground improvement Discharge, for example, slime, which is a mixture of soil and solidified material under the surface of the water, is accommodated in a container-like structure. As a result, the ground improvement can be performed on a stable scaffold without being affected by weather conditions, tide level, wave power, etc., and the fluid substances generated in large quantities during the ground improvement can be used effectively. Has been.
上述した従来の装置や方法では、ケーシング、カバー部、ケーソンを用いることにより、掘削時にケーシング内の竪型スクリュコンベアにより揚泥し、被掘削物や排出物をカバー部やケーソン内に収容するため、水中に拡散され、水質汚濁を防止することができる。 In the conventional apparatus and method described above, by using a casing, a cover part, and a caisson, when the drilling is performed by a vertical screw conveyor in the casing, the work to be excavated and the discharge are accommodated in the cover part and the caisson. It can be diffused in water to prevent water pollution.
しかしながら、特許文献１に記載された装置では、第１層の泥土を掘削ブレードにより掘削するため、すべてが開口部内へ流入し、竪型スクリュコンベアにより揚泥されるものではなく、泥土が水中に拡散し、濁りを生じさせてしまうという問題がある。 However, in the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, since the first layer of mud is excavated by the excavating blade, not all flows into the opening, and the mud is not pumped by the vertical screw conveyor. There is a problem that it diffuses and causes turbidity.
また、特許文献２に記載された装置や方法では、掘削装置本体からチェーン式カッターの掘削刃で海底地盤を掘削しながら各ポスト等を継ぎ足して順次に延長していき、所定の深さになると、カバー部が海底地盤上を覆うようになり、それ以降は、カッターが海底地盤内で周回するので、通常の掻き下げ掘削を行っても、排泥や固化材等が海中に拡散されることが少なくなるが、所定の深さになるまで掘削する際には、排泥が生じ、また、所定の深さになった後も拡散を防止することができず、濁りを生じさせてしまうという問題がある。 Moreover, in the apparatus and method described in Patent Document 2, each post or the like is sequentially extended while excavating the seabed ground from the excavator body with the excavation blade of a chain cutter, and when a predetermined depth is reached. After that, the cover part will cover the seabed ground, and after that, the cutter will circulate in the seabed ground, so even if normal scraping drilling is performed, mud and solidified materials will diffuse into the sea However, when excavating to a predetermined depth, mud is generated, and even after reaching a predetermined depth, diffusion cannot be prevented, causing turbidity. There's a problem.
特許文献３に記載された工法では、最初にケーソンを設置し、そのケーソン内に排泥や固化材等の排出物を収容するので、ケーソン外の水中にこの排出物が拡散し、濁りを生じさせることはなく、また、排出物を内部に含むケーソンを、人工島や護岸、橋脚等のベースとして利用することができるが、複数の部屋に区画されたケーソンを作製し、曳航船で曳航して施工場所へ運び、いくつかの部屋に海水を注水して沈設し、空の部屋すべてに排出物が充填された後は海水を排出して空にし、その空の部屋に充填する必要があり、手間がかかり、ケーソンの作製費用や設置費用がかかるという問題がある。また、施工に長期間を要し、設置されるケーソンの下部の地盤しか改良することができない。 In the construction method described in Patent Document 3, a caisson is first installed, and waste such as mud and solidified material is accommodated in the caisson, so that the waste diffuses into the water outside the caisson and causes turbidity. The caisson that contains the discharge can be used as a base for artificial islands, revetments, piers, etc., but the caisson divided into multiple rooms is created and towed by a towing vessel. It is necessary to pour seawater into several rooms and set it in several rooms, and after all the empty rooms are filled with waste, the seawater must be discharged and emptied to fill the empty rooms. There is a problem that it takes time and costs for manufacturing and installing caisson. In addition, construction takes a long time, and only the ground below the installed caisson can be improved.
本発明は、上記課題に鑑み、水底の地盤から水面上へ延びるように設置される中空部材と、中空部材の外側面に隣接し長手方向に沿って設けられ、当該中空部材の内部を水面に向けて圧縮空気を噴射させる空気噴射管と、中空部材の内部を通して水底の地盤へ降下され、当該地盤を掘削するとともに注入材を噴射して土壌と撹拌混合する掘削部材を備える掘削装置とを含む構成を採用する。 In view of the above problems, the present invention is provided with a hollow member installed so as to extend from the ground of the bottom of the water to the surface of the water, and provided along the longitudinal direction adjacent to the outer surface of the hollow member, and the interior of the hollow member on the water surface An air injection pipe for injecting compressed air toward the surface, and a drilling device provided with a drilling member that is lowered to the bottom of the water bottom through the inside of the hollow member, excavates the ground, and injects the injection material to stir and mix with the soil. Adopt the configuration.
この構成では、中空部材を設置し、その中を通して掘削部材を降下させ、水底の地盤を掘削するので、施工したい任意の位置の水底地盤を改良することができ、水中へ土壌や注入材が拡散することはなく、空気噴射管により水底から水面へ向けて圧縮空気が噴射されるので、掘削され中空部材の中に収容された土壌を水面方向へ移動させ、排出することができる。空気噴射管は、長手方向の途中に、中空部材の壁面を貫通し、水面に向けて圧縮空気を噴射させるように、複数設けられることが好ましい。 In this configuration, a hollow member is installed, the excavation member is lowered through it, and the bottom of the bottom is excavated, so that the bottom of the bottom can be improved and the soil and injected material diffuse into the water. The compressed air is injected from the bottom of the water toward the water surface by the air injection pipe, so that the soil excavated and accommodated in the hollow member can be moved in the water surface direction and discharged. It is preferable that a plurality of air injection pipes are provided in the middle of the longitudinal direction so as to penetrate the wall surface of the hollow member and inject compressed air toward the water surface.
上記の掘削部材は、中空の軸体と、軸体に周設される螺旋状羽根と、螺旋状羽根の外周に突出するように設けられる突出部と、軸体内部を通り、該軸体の中央部の壁面を貫通し、螺旋状羽根の下面に沿って突出部の下側へ延びる２以上の注入管とを備える。突出部は、軸体の先端および螺旋状羽根の下面にも設けられ、突出部の突出した先端部分に、掘削時における回転方向に向けて先細とされた形状の、該突出部に比較して摩耗しやすい材料により製造されるチップが取り付けられていることを特徴とする。 The excavation member includes a hollow shaft body, a spiral blade provided around the shaft body, a protrusion provided so as to protrude from the outer periphery of the spiral blade, and the shaft body. And two or more injection pipes extending through the wall surface of the central portion and extending below the protruding portion along the lower surface of the spiral blade. The protruding portion is also provided on the tip of the shaft body and the lower surface of the spiral blade, and the protruding tip portion of the protruding portion is tapered toward the rotation direction during excavation, compared to the protruding portion. A chip manufactured by a material that is easily worn is attached.
この構成により、掘削時には、中空の軸体を通して高圧空気を供給し、その高圧空気を噴射しながら掘削することができるので、上記の一部を除き、排泥が生じることはなく、また、このようなチップを取り付けることで、岩石等に接触してもチップが摩耗するので突出部が欠けるということはなく、さらには、チップの先端が土壌に食い込み、削り取った土壌を、内側の、上下に存在する羽根間へスムーズに送り込むことができるので、スムーズな掘削を実現することができ、確実に隙間を生じさせて、確実に高圧空気を逃がすことができる。 With this configuration, during excavation, high-pressure air can be supplied through the hollow shaft body and excavation can be performed while jetting the high-pressure air. By attaching a tip like this, the tip will wear even if it comes into contact with rocks etc., so that the protruding part will not be chipped, and further, the tip of the tip bites into the soil, and the scraped soil is moved up and down inside Since it can be smoothly fed between the existing blades, smooth excavation can be realized, a gap can be surely generated, and high-pressure air can be surely released.
また、このようなチップが取り付けられた突出部が、軸体の先端および螺旋状羽根の下面にも設けられていることから、回転数を上げても、スムーズに掘削することができ、さらには、上記の隙間から確実に圧縮空気を逃がすことができるため、その掘削土をスムーズに後方へ送ることができ、掘削速度を上昇させることができる。 In addition, since the protruding portion to which such a tip is attached is also provided on the tip of the shaft body and the lower surface of the spiral blade, it can be smoothly excavated even if the number of rotations is increased, Since the compressed air can be surely released from the gap, the excavated soil can be smoothly fed rearward, and the excavation speed can be increased.
この掘削部材の軸体は、従来と同様、長さ方向に沿った中央部において径が大きく、かつ両端部において径が小さくなるように形成され、螺旋状羽根も、両端部から中央部に向けて羽根径が大きくなるように形成される。上記のチップが取り付けられた突出部は、少なくとも最大の羽根径となる羽根の外周に、隣り合う、突出するチップまたは突出部の先端を結ぶ直線が羽根の外周に接しないように等間隔に複数設けられる。このようにしなければ、羽根の外周が、掘削してできた孔の硬い孔壁と接触し、破損するおそれがあるからである。 The shaft body of this excavation member is formed so that the diameter is large at the central portion along the length direction and the diameter is small at both end portions, and the spiral blades are also directed from the both end portions to the central portion. Thus, the blade diameter is increased. The protrusions to which the above-mentioned tips are attached are arranged at equal intervals so that the straight line connecting the adjacent protruding tip or the tip of the protruding portion does not contact the outer periphery of the blade at least on the outer periphery of the blade having the maximum blade diameter. Provided. Otherwise, the outer periphery of the blade may come into contact with the hard hole wall of the hole made by excavation and may be damaged.
また、この掘削部材は、螺旋状羽根の上面および下面に配設される板状の複数の突起を備えることができる。この突起により、羽根の回転をスムーズにし、効果的に撹拌を行うことができる。この突起は、羽根間に高圧空気により送られる掘削土に鋭く食い込みながら、その掘削土を後方へスムーズに送り、石等を含んでいても噛みにくくしている。転石等があった場合に、その石を羽根上から下方へ落下させやすいように、突起の高さは２〜５ｃｍ程度と低い方が好ましく、先端にテーパが形成されていることが好ましい。 In addition, the excavation member can include a plurality of plate-like protrusions disposed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the spiral blade. By this protrusion, the blades can rotate smoothly and can be effectively stirred. The protrusions sharply bite into the excavated soil sent by high-pressure air between the blades and smoothly feed the excavated soil backward, making it difficult to bite even if it contains stones or the like. The height of the protrusion is preferably as low as about 2 to 5 cm, and it is preferable that the tip is tapered so that it can be easily dropped downward from the top of the blade when there is a rolling stone.
掘削装置は、掘削部材の軸体に接続される中空のロッドと、ロッドを回転可能に挟み支持する挟持手段と、ロッドの角度を変更可能にするアームと、ロッドを昇降可能にする昇降手段と、ロッドおよび軸体の内部を通り、軸体の先端から噴射させ、および空気噴射管から噴射させる圧縮空気を供給するための圧縮空気供給手段と、注入材を注入管内へ供給するための注入材供給手段とをさらに含む。 The excavator includes a hollow rod connected to a shaft body of an excavation member, a clamping unit that rotatably clamps and supports the rod, an arm that can change the angle of the rod, and an elevating unit that can raise and lower the rod. Compressed air supply means for supplying compressed air to be injected from the tip of the shaft body and injected from the air injection pipe through the inside of the rod and the shaft body, and injection material for supplying the injection material into the injection pipe Supply means.
この地盤改良装置は、中空部材内を上昇する土壌を吸引し排出するための吸引排出手段をさらに含むことができる。 The ground improvement device can further include a suction discharge means for sucking and discharging the soil rising in the hollow member.
また、この装置は、掘削部材が備える２以上の注入管から注入材を噴射させるが、その注入材として、酸化マグネシウム（ＭｇＯ）を含有する固化剤をスラリーとして、または空気に分散させて噴射させることができる。この固化剤は、ＭｇＯのほか、二酸化ケイ素（ＳｉＯ２）、酸化アルミニウム（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）、酸化カルシウム（ＣａＯ）、三酸化二鉄（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）を含むことができる。さらに、五酸化二リン（Ｐ２Ｏ５）を含むこともできる。これらの固化剤は、中性を示すことから、アルカリ性土壌の問題も発生せず、安価で、石膏に比較して高い強度の地盤を得ることができるものである。 In addition, this apparatus injects the injection material from two or more injection pipes provided in the excavation member. As the injection material, a solidifying agent containing magnesium oxide (MgO) is injected as a slurry or dispersed in air. be able to. In addition to MgO, the solidifying agent can contain silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), calcium oxide (CaO), and ferric trioxide (Fe 2 O 3 ). Furthermore, diphosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) can also be included. Since these solidifying agents are neutral, they do not cause the problem of alkaline soil, are inexpensive, and can obtain a ground having a higher strength than gypsum.
掘削部材のサイズを大きくするのではなく、注入材を、２５〜２９ＭＰａの圧力で、毎分０．２８〜０．３３ｍ３の供給量で噴射することにより、最大の羽根径の２〜８倍の径を有する円柱状の改良体を構築することができる。 Rather than increasing the size of the excavating member, the injection material is injected at a pressure of 25-29 MPa at a supply rate of 0.28-0.33 m 3 per minute, to 2-8 times the maximum blade diameter It is possible to construct a cylindrical improvement body having a diameter of.
図１は、本発明の水底地盤の地盤改良装置の構成例を示した図である。この地盤改良装置は、河川、湖沼、海等で使用され、その川底、湖底、海底等の水底の土壌を浄化したり、その地盤強度を向上させるために地盤改良を行う装置である。一般に、水底１は、表面が砂層により覆われていて、その下に土壌が存在する。この装置は、水底１から水面２上へ延びるように設置される中空部材１０と、中空部材１０の外側面に隣接し、その長手方向に沿って設けられ、中空部材１０の内部を水面２に向けて圧縮空気を噴射させる空気噴射管１１と、中空部材１０の内部を通して水底１の地盤へ降下され、その地盤を掘削するとともに注入材を噴射して土壌と撹拌混合する掘削部材１２を備える掘削装置とを含んで構成される。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a ground improvement device for water bottom ground according to the present invention. This ground improvement device is used in rivers, lakes, seas, and the like, and is a device that purifies soil in the bottom of the river bottom, lake bottom, sea bottom, etc., and performs ground improvement to improve the ground strength. In general, the surface of the water bottom 1 is covered with a sand layer, and soil exists below it. This device is provided so as to extend from the water bottom 1 to the water surface 2 and adjacent to the outer surface of the hollow member 10 along the longitudinal direction of the hollow member 10. Excavation provided with an air injection pipe 11 for injecting compressed air toward the surface, and an excavating member 12 that is lowered to the ground of the bottom 1 through the inside of the hollow member 10 and excavates the ground and injects the injected material to mix with the soil. And a device.
この装置は、まず、中空部材１０を水面に対して垂直に立て、その先端部が水底１の表面を覆う砂層に埋まるように設置し、ポンプ等の吸引手段により中空部材１０内の水を吸引して抜き出す。例えば、１ｍ程度埋まるように設置することができる。このように中空部材１０の先端部が砂層に埋まるように設置することで、中空部材１０と水底１の地盤との間から排泥が流出し、濁りを発生させることを確実に防止することができる。 In this apparatus, first, the hollow member 10 is set up vertically with respect to the water surface, and its tip is installed so as to be buried in a sand layer covering the surface of the water bottom 1, and the water in the hollow member 10 is sucked by suction means such as a pump. And pull out. For example, it can be installed so as to be buried about 1 m. Thus, by installing so that the front-end | tip part of the hollow member 10 may be buried in a sand layer, it can prevent reliably that a waste mud flows out from between the hollow member 10 and the ground of the water bottom 1, and generates turbidity. it can.
次に、その中空部材１０の中を通して掘削部材１２を降下させ、掘削部材１２を一定方向に回転させることにより、水底１の地盤を掘削する。このようにして地盤を掘削することから、水中へ土壌やその後に注入する注入材が拡散することはない。また、掘削した場合、地盤内に掘削部材１２が埋設された状態となり、その掘削部材１２により排除された容積分の掘削土が少なくとも排泥として中空部材１０内へ収容されるので、空気噴射管１１から噴射される圧縮空気により水底１から水面２へ向けて移動させ、水面２付近へと移動した排泥を、吸引排出手段としてのサンドポンプ１３により排出する。 Next, the excavation member 12 is lowered through the hollow member 10 and the excavation member 12 is rotated in a certain direction, thereby excavating the ground of the bottom 1. Since the ground is excavated in this way, the soil and the injection material injected thereafter are not diffused into the water. Further, when excavated, the excavation member 12 is buried in the ground, and the excavated soil for the volume removed by the excavation member 12 is accommodated in the hollow member 10 as at least waste mud, so that the air injection pipe 11 is moved from the bottom 1 to the water surface 2 by the compressed air injected from the water 11, and the discharged mud moved to the vicinity of the water surface 2 is discharged by a sand pump 13 as a suction discharge means.
排出された排泥は、排泥槽１４へ入れられ、排泥中の土粒子等は、自然沈降して上澄み液と固形分とに分離される。その後、上澄み液を回収し、必要に応じて水処理を行った上で、河川、湖沼、海等へ戻される。 The discharged mud is put into the mud tank 14, and the soil particles in the mud are naturally settled and separated into a supernatant and a solid content. Thereafter, the supernatant liquid is collected, subjected to water treatment as necessary, and then returned to a river, a lake, the sea, or the like.
中空部材１０は、中空円筒形の管とされ、水圧や波等により変形しない強度をもつべく炭素鋼、ステンレス鋼、コンクリート、セラミック等により製造される。空気噴射管１１は、同様の材料に加え、硬質ポリ塩化ビニルやＦＲＰ（繊維強化プラスチック）等のプラスチックから製造され、例えばＵ字状あるいはＶ字状に先端が折り返された形状とされている。このため、中空部材１０の側壁に隣接し、その長手方向に沿って水底１に向けて配設した場合に、先端が水面２に向くことになる。 The hollow member 10 is a hollow cylindrical tube and is made of carbon steel, stainless steel, concrete, ceramic, or the like so as to have a strength that does not deform due to water pressure, waves, or the like. The air injection tube 11 is manufactured from a plastic such as hard polyvinyl chloride or FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) in addition to the same material, and has a shape whose tip is folded back into, for example, a U shape or a V shape. For this reason, when it adjoins the side wall of the hollow member 10 and it is arrange | positioned toward the water bottom 1 along the longitudinal direction, a front-end | tip will face the water surface 2. FIG.
中空部材１０および空気噴射管１１を配置し、掘削部材１２を中空部材１０の内部へ挿入し、降下しているところを示すと、図２の断面図で示すようなものとなる。図２では、この中空部材１０（例えば、径１．４ｍ）の側壁に２つの空気噴射管１１が隣接して設けられ、中空部材１０の内部に掘削部材１２（例えば、最大の羽根径１ｍ）が挿入され、水底１の地盤に向けて降下するのが示されている。空気噴射管１１は、排泥を上方へ押し上げ、排出するためには複数設けられることが好ましく、２本であれば、図２に示すように、中空部材１０を挟むように対向する位置に配設されることが好ましい。また、図１にも示すように、空気噴射管１１は、その長手方向の途中に、中空部材１０の壁面を貫通し、水面に向けて圧縮空気を噴射させるように、複数設けられることが好ましい。 When the hollow member 10 and the air injection pipe 11 are arranged, the excavation member 12 is inserted into the hollow member 10 and the lowering portion is shown, the cross section shown in FIG. 2 is obtained. In FIG. 2, two air injection pipes 11 are provided adjacent to the side wall of the hollow member 10 (for example, a diameter of 1.4 m), and a drilling member 12 (for example, a maximum blade diameter of 1 m) is provided inside the hollow member 10. Is inserted and lowered toward the ground of the bottom 1. A plurality of air injection pipes 11 are preferably provided in order to push up and discharge the waste mud upward. If two air injection pipes 11 are provided, the air injection pipes 11 are arranged at positions facing each other so as to sandwich the hollow member 10 as shown in FIG. It is preferable to be provided. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of air injection pipes 11 are preferably provided in the middle of the longitudinal direction so as to penetrate the wall surface of the hollow member 10 and inject compressed air toward the water surface. .
掘削部材１２は、図３に示すように、中空の軸体２０と、軸体２０に周設される螺旋状羽根２１と、螺旋状羽根２１の外周に突出するように設けられる突出部２２と、軸体２０内部を通り、軸体２０の中央部の壁面を貫通し、螺旋状羽根２１の下面に沿って突出部２２の下側へ延びる２以上の注入管２３、２４とを備える。突出部２２は、軸体２０の先端および螺旋状羽根２１の下面にも設けられ、突出部２２の突出した先端部分に、掘削時における回転方向に向けて先細とされた形状の、突出部２２に比較して摩耗しやすい材料により製造されるチップ２５が取り付けられている。 As shown in FIG. 3, the excavation member 12 includes a hollow shaft body 20, a spiral blade 21 provided around the shaft body 20, and a protrusion 22 provided so as to protrude from the outer periphery of the spiral blade 21. Two or more injection pipes 23 and 24 that pass through the inside of the shaft body 20, pass through the wall surface of the central portion of the shaft body 20, and extend below the protruding portion 22 along the lower surface of the spiral blade 21. The protruding portion 22 is also provided on the tip of the shaft body 20 and the lower surface of the spiral blade 21, and the protruding portion 22 has a shape tapered toward the rotating direction at the time of excavation at the protruding tip portion of the protruding portion 22. A tip 25 made of a material that is more easily worn than the tip 25 is attached.
この掘削部材１２は、図示しない重機が回転可能に挟持する中空のロッド２６と接続され、ロッド２６の内部と軸体２０の内部とが連通した状態とされている。このため、ロッド２６の内部および軸体２０の内部を通して圧縮空気を供給し、掘削時に軸体２０の先端から噴射させることができる。水底１の地盤の掘削は、一定方向に一定速度でロッド２６を回転させることにより、それと同じ方向に同じ速度で掘削部材１２も回転し、ロッド２６を一定速度で降下させることにより開始される。 The excavation member 12 is connected to a hollow rod 26 that is rotatably held by a heavy machine (not shown), and the inside of the rod 26 and the inside of the shaft body 20 are in communication with each other. For this reason, compressed air can be supplied through the inside of the rod 26 and the inside of the shaft body 20, and can be injected from the front-end | tip of the shaft body 20 at the time of excavation. The excavation of the ground of the bottom 1 is started by rotating the rod 26 at a constant speed in a constant direction, rotating the excavating member 12 at the same speed in the same direction, and lowering the rod 26 at a constant speed.
掘削部材１２の軸体２０の先端および螺旋状羽根２１の下面には、チップ２５が取り付けられているため、このチップ２５が地盤を削り取り、掘削が行われる。掘削された土は、螺旋状羽根２１の羽根間を、その回転方向とは反対方向の、後方へと送られる。この掘削部材１２では、掘削土が後方へ送られるのみで、羽根間を通過した後は、その場に留まるので、排泥として排出されることはない。 Since the tip 25 is attached to the tip of the shaft body 20 of the excavation member 12 and the lower surface of the spiral blade 21, the tip 25 scrapes the ground and excavation is performed. The excavated soil is fed backward between the blades of the spiral blade 21 in the direction opposite to the rotation direction. In this excavation member 12, the excavation soil is only sent backward, and after passing between the blades, the excavation member 12 stays on the spot so that it is not discharged as waste mud.
地盤には、硬い岩盤や石等が含まれるため、チップ２５は、これらの岩盤や石と接触し、削り取ろうとするが、比較的やわらかい材料で作製されるため、欠けることはなく、摩耗しながら掘削が行われる。 Since the ground includes hard rocks, stones, etc., the chip 25 comes into contact with these rocks and stones and tries to scrape them, but since it is made of a relatively soft material, it will not chip and wear. Excavation is carried out.
効率良く掘削を行うために、軸体２０の先端から圧縮空気を噴射させながら掘削が行われる。圧縮空気は、螺旋状羽根２１の羽根間にある掘削土を押して後方へスムーズに送り、掘削中の地盤への衝撃を低減させ、掘削部材１２に揺動撹拌効果を与えて掘削を容易にするとともに、軸体２０の先端に設けられるチップ２５の発熱を抑制する。圧縮空気は、例えば、０．５〜２ＭＰａの圧力で供給することができる。 In order to perform excavation efficiently, excavation is performed while jetting compressed air from the tip of the shaft body 20. Compressed air pushes the excavated soil between the blades of the spiral blade 21 and smoothly sends it to the rear, reduces the impact on the ground during excavation, and gives the excavating member 12 a rocking stirring effect to facilitate excavation. At the same time, heat generation of the tip 25 provided at the tip of the shaft body 20 is suppressed. The compressed air can be supplied at a pressure of 0.5 to 2 MPa, for example.
圧縮空気を噴射させることにより上述した効果を得ることができるが、掘削孔内が螺旋状羽根２１により覆われてしまうと、噴射した圧縮空気の逃げ道がなくなり、それ以上の掘削を行うことができなくなったり、掘削部材１２が斜めになり、それと接続する図示しない重機が横転したりする場合がある。しかしながら、本発明では、螺旋状羽根２１の外周に突出部２２およびチップ２５を備えており、それらにより、螺旋状羽根２１の周囲に適切な隙間を形成して、その隙間から、噴射した圧縮空気を上方へ逃がすことができるので、そのような問題は生じない。 The above-mentioned effect can be obtained by injecting compressed air. However, if the inside of the excavation hole is covered with the spiral blades 21, there is no escape route for the injected compressed air, and further excavation can be performed. In some cases, the excavation member 12 may become slanted, and a heavy machine (not shown) connected thereto may roll over. However, in the present invention, the protrusion 22 and the tip 25 are provided on the outer periphery of the spiral blade 21, thereby forming an appropriate gap around the spiral blade 21, and compressed air injected from the gap is formed. Such a problem does not occur.
また、このように突出部２２およびチップ２５を備え、適切な隙間を形成し、確実に噴射した圧縮空気を上方へ逃がすことができるようにすることで、回転数を上げても、スムーズに掘削を行うことができ、掘削速度を上昇させることができる。また、チップ２５が、軸体２０の先端のみならず、螺旋状羽根２１の下面にも設けられているため、より効率的かつ硬い地盤でも高速に掘削を行うことができ、短期間での施工を実現することが可能となる。 In addition, by providing the protrusion 22 and the tip 25 in this way, forming an appropriate gap, and allowing the compressed air that has been reliably injected to escape upward, excavate smoothly even if the rotational speed is increased. Can be performed and the excavation speed can be increased. In addition, since the tip 25 is provided not only on the tip of the shaft body 20 but also on the lower surface of the spiral blade 21, it is possible to perform excavation at a high speed even on a more efficient and hard ground, and the construction in a short period of time. Can be realized.
所定の深さまで掘削したところで、ロッド２６の回転をこれまでとは反対方向へ切り換える。すると、掘削部材１２の回転方向も逆となり、これまで後方へ送られ掘削部材１２の上部にある掘削土が、螺旋状羽根２１の羽根間を通して、掘削部材１２下部の掘削孔内へ送られるようになる。これと同時に、ロッド２６を一定速度で上昇しつつ、掘削部材１２が備える２つの注入管２３、２４から注入材の噴射を開始させる。 When excavating to a predetermined depth, the rotation of the rod 26 is switched in the opposite direction. Then, the rotation direction of the excavation member 12 is also reversed, so that the excavation soil that has been sent rearward and is located above the excavation member 12 passes between the blades of the spiral blade 21 and is sent into the excavation hole below the excavation member 12. become. At the same time, the injection of the injection material is started from the two injection pipes 23 and 24 included in the excavation member 12 while the rod 26 is raised at a constant speed.
注入材は、一定の圧力で一定量噴射され、螺旋状羽根２１の回転、突出部２２およびチップ２５により、周辺の土壌と混合される。これを水底１の近隣まで行い、地盤内に円柱状の改良体を構築することにより、水底地盤の改良が行われる。 The injection material is injected by a constant amount at a constant pressure, and is mixed with the surrounding soil by the rotation of the spiral blade 21, the protrusion 22 and the tip 25. By performing this up to the vicinity of the bottom 1 and constructing a cylindrical improvement body in the ground, the bottom bottom is improved.
軸体２０は、例えば、全体の長さを０．８〜１ｍ、中央部の長さを０．１６〜０．２ｍで、その中央部の径を０．４ｍで一定とすることができる。例えば、両端部の一方および他方の長さをそれぞれ０．３２ｍの範囲において０．１４ｍから０．４ｍの径に一定の割合で拡大する構造のものとすることができる。全体の長さ０．８ｍ、中央部の長さ０．１６ｍ、両端部の長さをそれぞれ０．３２ｍとした場合、一定の割合で拡大するテーパ角は約２２°となる。なお、このときの螺旋状羽根２１の最大の羽根径は、約１〜２．５ｍとすることができる。ちなみに、この羽根径は、羽根の一端から軸体２０を通した他端までの直径である。なお、この最大の羽根径に合わせて、中空部材１０の径を決定することができ、または中空部材１０の径に合わせて、最大の羽根径を決定することができる。 The shaft body 20 can have a constant overall length of 0.8 to 1 m, a central portion of 0.16 to 0.2 m, and a central portion having a diameter of 0.4 m, for example. For example, the length of one end and the other end of each end can be increased to a diameter of 0.14 m to 0.4 m at a constant rate within a range of 0.32 m. When the overall length is 0.8 m, the center length is 0.16 m, and the lengths of both ends are each 0.32 m, the taper angle that expands at a constant rate is about 22 °. At this time, the maximum blade diameter of the spiral blade 21 can be about 1 to 2.5 m. Incidentally, the blade diameter is a diameter from one end of the blade to the other end through the shaft body 20. The diameter of the hollow member 10 can be determined according to the maximum blade diameter, or the maximum blade diameter can be determined according to the diameter of the hollow member 10.
突出部２２は、突出方向への長さを約０．１ｍとした略矩形の板状物とすることができ、その突出した先端に、チップ２５が溶接する等して取り付けられる。この突出部２２は、隣り合う突出部２２を結ぶ直線が、螺旋状羽根２１の外周に接触しないように、図４に示すように、複数取り付けられる。これは、突出部２２の突出長さや、螺旋状羽根２１の径を考慮して決められ、適当な数だけ設けられる。数が少なすぎると、掘削が難しくなり、多すぎると、圧縮空気が逃げるための隙間が小さくなる等の不都合が生じるからである。 The protruding portion 22 can be a substantially rectangular plate having a length in the protruding direction of about 0.1 m, and the tip 25 is attached to the protruding tip by welding or the like. A plurality of the protrusions 22 are attached as shown in FIG. 4 so that the straight line connecting the adjacent protrusions 22 does not contact the outer periphery of the spiral blade 21. This is determined in consideration of the protruding length of the protruding portion 22 and the diameter of the spiral blade 21, and an appropriate number is provided. If the number is too small, excavation becomes difficult. If the number is too large, inconveniences such as a small gap for the compressed air to escape occur.
図４では、螺旋状羽根２１の外周に６つの突出部２２およびチップ２５が設けられている。このように、隣り合う突出部２２を結ぶ直線が、螺旋状羽根２１の外周２７に接触しないように、最小限の突出部２２およびチップ２５を設けることで、十分な隙間を生じさせ、掘削時において噴射された圧縮空気を、その隙間を通して大気中へ放出させることができる。また、軸体２０の先端から噴射される高圧空気により潤滑材的効果を与えるとともに、装置の自重を上回らないように高圧空気を放出させることができる。 In FIG. 4, six protrusions 22 and tips 25 are provided on the outer periphery of the spiral blade 21. Thus, by providing the minimum protrusion 22 and the tip 25 so that the straight line connecting the adjacent protrusions 22 does not contact the outer periphery 27 of the spiral blade 21, a sufficient gap is generated, and during excavation The compressed air jetted in can be discharged into the atmosphere through the gap. Further, the high-pressure air injected from the tip of the shaft body 20 can provide a lubricant effect, and the high-pressure air can be discharged so as not to exceed the weight of the apparatus.
軸体２０、螺旋状羽根２１は、土壌に挿入することができる強度を有するものであればいかなる材料であってもよく、例えば、炭素鋼、ステンレス鋼、超合金を用いることができる。この超合金としては、例えば、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフコニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、トリウム等の炭化物、窒化物、ホウ化物、ケイ化物の粉体を、金属結合剤として鉄、コバルト、ニッケルのいずれかとともに、水素または窒素といった不活性ガス中で、１３００℃〜１６００℃といった高温で焼結した材料を用いることができる。突出部２２は、JIS G0202のロックウェル試験で測定されたロックウェル硬さ（ＨＲＡ）が８７．５以上のJIS分類記号のＥ１〜Ｅ４で表されるタングステンカーバイド（ＷＣ）とコバルト（Ｃｏ）とを含有する超硬合金により製造することができる。 The shaft body 20 and the spiral blade 21 may be made of any material as long as it has a strength that can be inserted into the soil. For example, carbon steel, stainless steel, or a superalloy can be used. Examples of the superalloy include titanium, zirconium, hafconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, thorium and other carbides, nitrides, borides, silicide powders, iron as a metal binder, A material sintered at a high temperature of 1300 ° C. to 1600 ° C. in an inert gas such as hydrogen or nitrogen can be used together with either cobalt or nickel. The protrusion 22 is made of tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co) represented by E1 to E4 of JIS classification symbols having a Rockwell hardness (HRA) measured by a Rockwell test of JIS G0202 of 87.5 or more. It can manufacture with the cemented carbide containing.
一方、チップ２５は、突出部２２に使用される上記の超硬合金よりやわらかいJIS分類記号のＥ５で表されるＨＲＡ８６．５以上のＷＣ−Ｃｏ系超硬合金から製造することができ、徐々に摩耗させることにより、硬い地盤や岩石等と接触しても欠けることを防止し、掘削を容易にすることができる。 On the other hand, the chip 25 can be manufactured from a WC-Co based cemented carbide of HRA86.5 or higher represented by E5 of the JIS classification symbol, which is softer than the cemented carbide used for the protruding portion 22, and gradually. By wearing it, it is possible to prevent chipping even when it comes into contact with hard ground or rocks and to facilitate excavation.
このようなやわらかい材料を使用することにより、玉石を蹴飛ばして掘削しても、チップ２５が飛ぶことはなく、岩盤に向けて掘削していってもチップ２５の先端から徐々に減っていき、チップ２５がなくなるまで掘削することができる。 By using such a soft material, even if the cobblestone is kicked and excavated, the tip 25 does not fly, and even when excavating toward the rock, it gradually decreases from the tip of the tip 25. You can drill until 25 runs out.
チップ２５は、図５（ａ）に示すように、突出部２２の突出方向の先端に溶接する等して取り付けられ、このチップ２５が外れてしまうと、突出部２２自体が硬い地盤や岩石等と接触し、欠けてしまうおそれがあることから、その接合部分２８を肉盛りして補強することが望ましい。 As shown in FIG. 5A, the tip 25 is attached to the tip of the protruding portion 22 in the protruding direction by welding or the like. If the tip 25 is detached, the protruding portion 22 itself is hard ground, rock, or the like. Therefore, it is desirable to build up and reinforce the joint portion 28.
チップ２５は、図５（ａ）に示すように、掘削部材１２の回転方向（ここでは矢線Ａに示す方向）に向けて、先細とされた形状とされ、突出部２２の突出する先端に接合され、その接合部分２８が肉盛りされている。 As shown in FIG. 5A, the tip 25 is tapered toward the rotation direction of the excavation member 12 (here, the direction indicated by the arrow A), and the tip 25 protrudes from the protruding end of the protruding portion 22. It joins and the joining part 28 is piled up.
その形状は、図５（ａ）の矢線Ｘの方向から見ると、図５（ｂ）に示すように、略矩形とされ、掘削部材１２の回転方向に向いた先端が円弧状になっている。そして、肉盛りされた接合部分２８が盛り上がっている。この形状は、図５（ｃ）の矢線Ｙの方向から見た場合も同様である。 When viewed from the direction of the arrow X in FIG. 5 (a), the shape is substantially rectangular, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), and the tip of the excavating member 12 facing the rotational direction has an arc shape. Yes. Then, the raised joint portion 28 is raised. This shape is the same when viewed from the direction of arrow Y in FIG.
図５（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、突出部２２は、螺旋状羽根２１の外周や下面に接合等される略矩形の上面３０と、それに所定の傾斜角で連続する傾斜面３１、３２と、その傾斜面３１と傾斜面３２とを円弧状に接続する曲面３３と、それらに連続する側面とを備えている。 As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the protrusion 22 includes a substantially rectangular upper surface 30 joined to the outer periphery and the lower surface of the spiral blade 21, and an inclined surface 31 continuous with a predetermined inclination angle thereto. , 32, a curved surface 33 that connects the inclined surface 31 and the inclined surface 32 in an arc shape, and a side surface that is continuous with the curved surface 33.
傾斜面３１と曲面３３とが連続する先端部の傾斜面３１側に、チップ２５が取り付けられ、そのチップ２５と突出部２２との接合部分２８が肉盛りされている。 The tip 25 is attached to the inclined surface 31 side of the tip portion where the inclined surface 31 and the curved surface 33 are continuous, and the joint portion 28 between the tip 25 and the protruding portion 22 is built up.
例えば、突出部２２の幅Ｗ０を３２ｍｍとし、チップ２５の幅Ｗ１を３０ｍｍとし、チップ２５を備える突出部２２の奥行きＬを６３ｍｍとし、水平方向に対する曲面３３の傾斜角度θを５°とすることができる。このように傾斜角度を２°〜１０°程度に設け、チップ２５の先端が螺旋状羽根２１の外周と平行な向きではなく、わずかに外側を向くようにすることで、より多くの土壌を取り込み、掘削孔の径を大きくするとともに、十分な隙間を生じさせて掘削を容易にさせることができる。 For example, the width W 0 of the protrusion 22 is 32 mm, the width W 1 of the chip 25 is 30 mm, the depth L of the protrusion 22 including the chip 25 is 63 mm, and the inclination angle θ of the curved surface 33 with respect to the horizontal direction is 5 °. can do. In this way, the inclination angle is set at about 2 ° to 10 °, and the tip 25 is not oriented in parallel with the outer periphery of the spiral blade 21 but slightly outside, thereby taking in more soil. The diameter of the excavation hole can be increased, and a sufficient gap can be generated to facilitate excavation.
図５（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、チップ２５を取り付けた突出部２２は、人間の指のような形をしており、一定の幅を有し、先細とされた形状のチップ２５が土壌に食い込み、シャベルのようにすくい取り、傾斜面３１に沿って、上下にある羽根間へ取り込まれ、その羽根間において後方へ送られることにより、土壌を削り取り、土壌をスムーズに掘削することができる。また、この傾斜面３１に沿って後方へ送られると、傾斜面３２側には隙間が生じ、これが拡大することにより十分な圧縮空気の逃げ道を形成することができる。 As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the protrusion 22 to which the chip 25 is attached is shaped like a human finger, has a certain width, and has a tapered shape. 25 bites into the soil, scoops up like a shovel, is taken in between the upper and lower blades along the inclined surface 31, and is sent back between the blades to scrape the soil and excavate the soil smoothly. be able to. Moreover, if it sends back along this inclined surface 31, a clearance gap will arise in the inclined surface 32 side, and when this expands, the escape path of sufficient compressed air can be formed.
再び図３を参照して、２つの注入管２３、２４は、掘削部材１２の軸体２０の内部に挿通し、軸体２０の中央部の壁面を貫通して、螺旋状羽根２１の最大径となる羽根の下側に沿って延びている。これら注入管２３、２４は、軸体２０の内部に挿設され、軸体２０の中央部の壁を貫通して螺旋状羽根２１の下面に沿って突出部２２の下側にまで延び、土壌を浄化するための土壌浄化剤や、所定強度の地盤を形成するために添加される固化剤等を、スラリーやガスに分散させた状態で注入材として噴射し、土壌と混合させることができる。 Referring again to FIG. 3, the two injection pipes 23 and 24 are inserted into the shaft body 20 of the excavation member 12, penetrate the central wall surface of the shaft body 20, and have the maximum diameter of the spiral blade 21. It extends along the lower side of the blade. These injection tubes 23 and 24 are inserted inside the shaft body 20, extend through the wall of the central portion of the shaft body 20 to the lower side of the projecting portion 22 along the lower surface of the spiral blade 21, and A soil purification agent for purifying soil, a solidifying agent added to form a ground with a predetermined strength, and the like can be injected as an injection material in a state of being dispersed in slurry or gas and mixed with soil.
注入管２３、２４は、螺旋状羽根２１の最大径となる羽根の下側に沿って水平方向へ延びることから、その水平方向へ延びる長さを比較的長くとることができ、スラリーやガスを加速させ、より遠くまで噴射させることができる。例えば、最大の羽根径が約２．５ｍのものの場合、その長さは、約０．７ｍである。この水平方向へ延びる部分の管の口径を、その延びる方向へ向けて小さくしたものを採用することで、より噴射力を上昇させることができ、より遠くまで噴射させることができる。 Since the injection pipes 23 and 24 extend in the horizontal direction along the lower side of the blade having the maximum diameter of the spiral blade 21, the length extending in the horizontal direction can be made relatively long. It can be accelerated and injected farther. For example, when the maximum blade diameter is about 2.5 m, the length is about 0.7 m. By adopting a pipe with a smaller diameter in the horizontal direction in the extending direction, the injection force can be further increased, and the injection can be performed farther.
これら注入管２３、２４は、上記の浄化剤や固化剤といった注入材を四方八方へ噴射し、周囲の土壌と十分に混合して改良体を構築するために、複数設けられることが好ましい。注入管２３、２４は、例えば２本あるいは３本設けることができる。３本設ける場合には、図４に示すように、隣り合う注入管により形成される角度が１２０°となるように配設することができる。なお、４本以上設けることも可能であるが、１つの注入管から噴射された後すぐに次の隣り合う注入管から噴射されることになるため、１度注入した箇所から非常に近隣した箇所に注入されることになり、注入材の無駄になる。このため、少ない注入量で、より広い範囲に効率的に噴射するには、上記の２本あるいは３本が望ましい。 It is preferable that a plurality of these injection pipes 23 and 24 are provided in order to inject injection materials such as the above-mentioned purifying agents and solidifying agents in all directions and to sufficiently mix with surrounding soil to construct an improved body. For example, two or three injection tubes 23 and 24 can be provided. When three are provided, as shown in FIG. 4, the angle formed by the adjacent injection tubes can be 120 °. It is possible to provide four or more, but since it will be injected from the next adjacent injection tube immediately after being injected from one injection tube, it is a location very close to the point where it was injected once The injection material is wasted. For this reason, in order to inject efficiently in a wider range with a small injection amount, the above two or three are desirable.
また、注入管２３、２４は、単なる所定径の鋼管とすることもできるが、その内部に、スラリーやガスを、渦を巻くように供給し、噴射させることができる螺旋板を設け、コイル状にスラリーやガスを噴射させ、一定方向にのみ噴射させるのではなく、上下左右に広くスラリーやガスを噴射して行き渡らせ、少ない量で効果的に撹拌混合を行い、地盤改良を行うことも可能である。 In addition, the injection pipes 23 and 24 can be simply steel pipes having a predetermined diameter, but a spiral plate that can supply and inject a slurry or gas in a spiral manner is provided therein, and is coiled. Instead of spraying slurry and gas only in a certain direction, it is possible to spray and spread slurry and gas widely in the top, bottom, left and right, effectively stirring and mixing in small amounts, and improving the ground It is.
なお、注入管２３、２４の先端は、突出部２２およびチップ２５の下側に配置され、その先端部も螺旋状羽根２１の外周までとされるので、注入材が突出部２２およびチップ２５より上側へ噴射されることはない。 The tips of the injection pipes 23 and 24 are arranged below the protrusion 22 and the tip 25, and the tip is also extended to the outer periphery of the spiral blade 21, so that the injection material is from the protrusion 22 and the tip 25. It is not injected upward.
注入材を噴射させつつ掘削部材１２を引き上げることにより円柱状の改良体が構築される。この構築される改良体は、その径が大きい方が、施工期間が短くなることから好ましい。しかしながら、掘削部材１２の軸体２０の長さを長くし、螺旋状羽根２１の径を大きくすると、今まで使用してきた掘削部材を支持する重機が、大きくされた掘削部材を支持することができず、転倒してしまう。このため、支持する重機自体を大きくし、その重量を重くする必要があり、これではコストがかかり、容易に移動等させることもできなくなるので、パフォーマンスが悪化してしまう。そこで、注入材の噴射圧力を高くし、その噴射量も増加して、大きい改良体を構築するようにする。 A cylindrical improvement body is constructed by pulling up the excavation member 12 while injecting the injection material. The improved body to be constructed is preferably larger in diameter because the construction period becomes shorter. However, when the length of the shaft body 20 of the excavation member 12 is increased and the diameter of the spiral blade 21 is increased, the heavy machinery that supports the excavation member that has been used so far can support the enlarged excavation member. Without falling. For this reason, it is necessary to enlarge the heavy equipment to be supported and to increase its weight. This is costly and cannot be easily moved, so that the performance deteriorates. Therefore, the injection pressure of the injection material is increased, and the injection amount is increased to construct a large improved body.
注入材を噴射して改良体を構築する際、掘削時とは反対方向へ掘削部材１２を回転させるが、このとき、掘削部材１２の螺旋状羽根２１の上には、ほぐした掘削土がのった状態となっており、排泥を発生させないためには、注入材を噴射させつつ掘削部材１２を引き上げるとき、その上にのった掘削土を掘削部材１２下部の掘削孔内へ取り込んでいく必要がある。掘削土を取り込むためには、回転数を上げることが考えられ、従来の上述した掘削部材では、その回転数が２２〜２６回転／分でなければ、螺旋状羽根２１の上にのった掘削土が下側へスライドしなくなって、排泥が発生してしまう。 When the improved material is constructed by injecting the injection material, the excavating member 12 is rotated in the direction opposite to that during excavation. At this time, the loose excavated soil is placed on the spiral blade 21 of the excavating member 12. In order to prevent mud from being generated, when the excavating member 12 is pulled up while injecting the injection material, the excavated soil placed on the excavating member 12 is taken into the excavation hole below the excavating member 12. We have to go. In order to take in the excavated soil, it is conceivable to increase the rotation speed, and in the conventional excavation member described above, excavation on the spiral blade 21 is performed unless the rotation speed is 22 to 26 rotations / minute. The soil no longer slides down and mud is generated.
一方、本発明で採用される掘削部材１２を用いると、突出部２２およびチップ２５を備えることから、掘削時に適当な隙間が形成されており、その隙間を通して、上にのった掘削土を取り込むことができることから、掘削部材１２の回転数を上昇させることなくスムーズに取り込むことができる。このため、２０〜２２回転／分といったように、それほど回転数を確保しなくてもスムーズに注入材の撹拌混合を行うことができる。これにより、安全に施工を行うことが可能となる。 On the other hand, when the excavating member 12 employed in the present invention is used, since the projecting portion 22 and the tip 25 are provided, an appropriate gap is formed at the time of excavation, and the excavated soil that has been put up is taken in through the gap. Therefore, the excavation member 12 can be smoothly taken in without increasing the rotational speed. For this reason, it is possible to smoothly perform the stirring and mixing of the injected material without securing the number of rotations as much as 20 to 22 rotations / minute. Thereby, it becomes possible to perform construction safely.
なお、回転数を上げていくと、掘削土を掘削孔内へ取り込みすぎ、掘削部材１２を支持する装置の前方が浮いた状態になってしまう。加えて、ロッド２６に注入管２３、２４に接続されるホースが絡み、横転するおそれがある。しかしながら、本発明のように、突出部２２にチップ２５を設ける構成を採用することで、２０〜２２回転／分という回転数で安定して土壌改良を行うことができる。 As the rotational speed is increased, the excavated soil is excessively taken into the excavation hole, and the front of the apparatus for supporting the excavation member 12 is in a floating state. In addition, the hose connected to the injection pipes 23 and 24 may be entangled with the rod 26 and may roll over. However, by adopting the configuration in which the tip 25 is provided in the protruding portion 22 as in the present invention, the soil can be improved stably at a rotational speed of 20 to 22 revolutions / minute.
注入材を高圧で、多量に噴射すると、広い範囲の土壌に行き渡らせることができるが、掘削部材１２の引き上げ速度が一定で、高い回転数であると、同じ位置を噴射する回数が増加し、孔壁が崩れやすくなる。このため、それほど高圧にすることができず、注入量も制限されることになる。 When a large amount of injection material is injected at a high pressure, it can be spread over a wide range of soil, but when the lifting speed of the excavating member 12 is constant and the rotation speed is high, the number of injections at the same position increases. The hole wall tends to collapse. For this reason, the pressure cannot be increased so much, and the injection amount is limited.
しかしながら、本発明で採用される掘削部材１２を用いれば、上述したように、２０〜２２回転／分から２２〜２６回転／分へ回転数を上昇させる必要がないことから、噴射圧力を上げ、その量も増加することが可能となる。本発明では、例えば注入材を、２５〜２９ＭＰａの圧力で、０．２８〜０．３３ｍ３／分で噴射させることができる。３つの注入管により噴射させる場合、１つの注入管から、約０．０９〜０．１１ｍ３／分で噴射させることができる。 However, if the excavation member 12 employed in the present invention is used, it is not necessary to increase the rotational speed from 20 to 22 revolutions / minute to 22 to 26 revolutions / minute as described above. The amount can also be increased. In the present invention, for example, the injection material can be injected at a pressure of 25 to 29 MPa at 0.28 to 0.33 m 3 / min. In the case of injection with three injection tubes, the injection can be performed at a rate of about 0.09 to 0.11 m 3 / min from one injection tube.
本発明では、螺旋状羽根２１の上部に周辺土壌から転石があり、その転石を取り込むと、掘削に支障が生じる場合がある。しかしながら、羽根間にある掘削土に詰まりを生じ、後方へ送ることができなくなると、排泥が発生してしまう。このため、図６に示すように、螺旋状羽根２１の上面に突起２９が設けられるが、この突起２９の羽根面からの突出長さが長いと、転石した石が孔内へ落下せず、螺旋状羽根２１上に留まり、これが詰まりを生じさせる原因となる。 In the present invention, there is a boulder from the surrounding soil at the top of the spiral blade 21, and if the boulder is taken in, there may be a problem in excavation. However, if the excavated soil between the blades is clogged and cannot be sent backward, mud is generated. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 6, a protrusion 29 is provided on the upper surface of the spiral blade 21, but if the protrusion length of the protrusion 29 from the blade surface is long, the rolled stone does not fall into the hole, It stays on the spiral blade 21, which causes clogging.
このため、突起２９の羽根面からの突出長さを２〜５ｃｍ程度に短くするとともに、テーパを形成して、突起２９上に石がのった場合でも、そのテーパに沿って適切に石が落下するように構成することができる。したがって、突起２９は、軸体２０、螺旋状羽根２１、突出部２２と同様の材料から製造され、台形の板状物とすることができる。 For this reason, while the protrusion length of the protrusion 29 from the blade surface is shortened to about 2 to 5 cm and a taper is formed, Can be configured to fall. Therefore, the protrusion 29 is manufactured from the same material as the shaft body 20, the spiral blade 21, and the protrusion 22, and can be a trapezoidal plate-like object.
本発明の地盤改良装置は、掘削部材２０を接続する中空のロッド２６のほか、図７に示すような、そのロッド２６を回転可能に挟み支持する挟持手段４０と、ロッド２６の角度を変更可能にするアーム４１と、ロッド２６を昇降可能にする昇降手段４２と、中空とされたロッド２６および軸体２０の内部を通り、軸体２０の先端から噴射する圧縮空気を供給するための圧縮空気供給手段４３と、注入材を注入管２３、２４内へ供給するための注入材供給手段４４とをさらに含む。なお、挟持手段４０、アーム４１、昇降手段４２は、作業員が操作を行う操作室を含めて重機を構成し、圧縮空気供給手段４３および注入材供給手段４４、サンドポンプ１３や排泥槽１４を含めて、水面２に浮かぶ台船４５上に設置される。 The ground improvement device of the present invention can change the angle of the rod 26 and the hollow rod 26 for connecting the excavating member 20 as well as the clamping means 40 for rotatably holding and supporting the rod 26 as shown in FIG. Arm 41 to be moved up and down, lifting means 42 to be able to move up and down rod 26, compressed air for supplying compressed air to be injected from the tip of shaft body 20 through hollow rod 26 and shaft body 20 It further includes supply means 43 and injection material supply means 44 for supplying the injection material into the injection pipes 23 and 24. The clamping means 40, the arm 41, and the lifting / lowering means 42 constitute a heavy machine including an operation room that is operated by an operator. The compressed air supply means 43, the injection material supply means 44, the sand pump 13 and the mud tank 14 Are installed on a trolley 45 floating on the water surface 2.
この地盤改良装置を用いて地盤改良を行う場合、台船４５を操作し、地盤改良を行うべき位置へ台船４５を移動させる。その後、上記の中空部材１０を設置し、掘削部材１２を降下させ、回転させて掘削を行い、逆回転にして上昇させつつ注入材を噴射して地盤改良を行うことができるが、掘削部材１２により掘削を行う際、アーム４１によりロッド２６の角度を調整してロッド２６が水面に対して垂直になるようにした後、挟持手段４０によりロッド２６の回転を開始して掘削部材１２を一方向へ回転させ、昇降手段４２によりロッド２６を水底１の地盤へ降下させることにより、掘削部材１２を地盤に貫入させ、所定の深さまで土壌を掘削することができる。 When ground improvement is performed using this ground improvement device, the base boat 45 is operated to move the base boat 45 to a position where the ground improvement is to be performed. After that, the hollow member 10 is installed, the excavating member 12 is lowered, rotated to perform excavation, and the ground is improved by injecting the injected material while raising the reverse rotating to raise the excavation member 12. When excavation is performed, the angle of the rod 26 is adjusted by the arm 41 so that the rod 26 becomes perpendicular to the water surface, and then the rotation of the rod 26 is started by the clamping means 40 to move the excavation member 12 in one direction. And the rod 26 is lowered to the ground of the bottom 1 by the elevating means 42, so that the excavation member 12 can penetrate into the ground and the soil can be excavated to a predetermined depth.
このロッド２６の降下により掘削部材１２を地盤に貫入させる際、ロッド２６および軸体２０の内部を通して圧縮空気供給手段４３から圧縮空気を供給し、また、空気噴射管１１へも圧縮空気を供給する。そして、軸体２０の先端、空気噴射管１１から噴射させる。 When the excavating member 12 penetrates into the ground by the lowering of the rod 26, the compressed air is supplied from the compressed air supply means 43 through the rod 26 and the inside of the shaft body 20, and the compressed air is also supplied to the air injection pipe 11. . And it is made to inject from the front-end | tip of the shaft body 20, and the air injection pipe 11.
所定の深さまで掘削した後、掘削部材１２の回転方向を反対にし、昇降手段４２によりロッド２６を上昇させつつ、注入材供給手段４４を起動させ、注入管２３、２４から注入材を噴射させる。注入材は、羽根面に沿って水平方向に延びる注入管２３、２４内で加速し、掘削部材１２の周囲の土壌に向けて噴射され、土壌内を浸透する。螺旋状羽根２１が回転するため、注入材は、土壌と十分に撹拌混合され、土壌中に均一に分散した状態になる。 After excavating to a predetermined depth, the direction of rotation of the excavating member 12 is reversed, and the injection material supply means 44 is activated while the rod 26 is raised by the elevating means 42, and the injection material is injected from the injection pipes 23 and 24. The injection material accelerates in the injection pipes 23 and 24 extending in the horizontal direction along the blade surface, and is injected toward the soil around the excavation member 12 to penetrate into the soil. Since the spiral blade 21 rotates, the injection material is sufficiently stirred and mixed with the soil and is uniformly dispersed in the soil.
このとき、螺旋状羽根２１の上にのった掘削土は、突出部２２およびチップ２５により形成された隙間を通して掘削部材１２下部の掘削孔内へ取り込まれるので、安定して、また、掘削部材１２のより低い回転数で、高圧かつより多くの量の注入材を噴射させることができる。掘削部材１２は、水面付近で注入材の噴射を停止した後、引き上げられる。このようにして、水底地盤の中に円柱状の改良体が形成される。この改良体をオーバーラップするように形成することで、水底の所定領域の地盤を浄化し、所定の強度をもつ地盤へ改良することができる。 At this time, since the excavated soil on the spiral blade 21 is taken into the excavation hole below the excavation member 12 through the gap formed by the protrusion 22 and the tip 25, the excavation member can be stably and excavated. At a lower speed of 12, a higher pressure and a larger amount of injection material can be injected. The excavating member 12 is lifted after stopping the injection of the injection material near the water surface. In this way, a cylindrical improvement body is formed in the water bottom ground. By forming this improved body so as to overlap, it is possible to purify the ground in a predetermined region of the bottom of the water and improve the ground to have a predetermined strength.
この地盤改良装置で使用することができる注入材は、以下のものを採用することができる。従来から有機塩素化合物により汚染された土壌を浄化する場合、酸化剤、鉄粉あるいは酸化鉄粉等が使用されている。これに加えて、重金属を固定化し、かつ所定強度の地盤を得るために、固化材として、セメントミルク、石灰、石膏等が使用されてきた。 The following materials can be used as the injection material that can be used in the ground improvement device. Conventionally, when purifying soil contaminated with an organic chlorine compound, an oxidizing agent, iron powder, iron oxide powder or the like has been used. In addition to this, cement milk, lime, gypsum and the like have been used as a solidifying material in order to fix heavy metals and obtain a ground having a predetermined strength.
セメントミルクや石灰は、強度の高い地盤を得ることができるものの、これらは強いアルカリ性を示すことから、アルカリ性土壌の問題が生じる。一方、石膏は、中性を示すことから、アルカリ性土壌の問題は生じないが、一定の強度を得ることができない。 Although cement milk and lime can obtain a strong ground, they exhibit a strong alkalinity, which causes a problem of alkaline soil. On the other hand, since gypsum shows neutrality, the problem of alkaline soil does not occur, but a certain strength cannot be obtained.
そこで、石膏系固化材よりも高い地耐力を得ることができ、かつ安価で提供される中性固化剤を採用し、これらの問題を解決する。本発明では、この中性固化剤として、酸化カルシウム、三酸化硫黄、二酸化ケイ素を主成分とし、そのほかに、酸化アルミニウム、三酸化二鉄、酸化マグネシウムを含む固化剤を用いることができる。この固化剤は、嵩密度が１．２〜１．３、比表面積が約４ｃｍ２／ｇであり、酸化カルシウム、三酸化硫黄、二酸化ケイ素をそれぞれ、約４０〜４５％、約２５〜３０％、約１５〜２０％程度含有する。 Therefore, a neutral solidifying agent that can obtain a higher earth strength than that of the gypsum-based solidified material and is provided at a low cost is employed to solve these problems. In the present invention, as the neutral solidifying agent, a solidifying agent containing calcium oxide, sulfur trioxide and silicon dioxide as main components and additionally containing aluminum oxide, ferric trioxide and magnesium oxide can be used. This solidifying agent has a bulk density of 1.2 to 1.3, a specific surface area of about 4 cm 2 / g, and calcium oxide, sulfur trioxide, and silicon dioxide of about 40 to 45% and about 25 to 30%, respectively. About 15-20%.
この固化剤は、高い脱水機能をもち、石灰アルミニウムが硫酸カルシウムと反応し、鉱物組成をもつ３ＣａＯ・Ａｌ２Ｏ３・３ＣａＳＯ４・３２Ｈ２Ｏを生成する。このように、この化合物が多量の水を含有することから、この固化剤は、水和反応の過程で多量の水と化合し固定することができる。また、過剰に存在する硫化アルミン酸およびアルミニウムイオンがｐＨを中和安定させるため、土壌を中性に長期にわたって維持することができる。 The solidifying agent has a high dewatering function, lime aluminum reacts with the calcium sulfate, to produce a 3CaO · Al 2 O 3 · 3CaSO 4 · 32H 2 O having a mineral composition. Thus, since this compound contains a large amount of water, this solidifying agent can be combined and fixed with a large amount of water in the course of the hydration reaction. Moreover, since the excessive sulfurized aluminate and aluminum ions neutralize and stabilize the pH, the soil can be maintained neutral for a long period of time.
また、酸化マグネシウム系の固化剤を用いることもできる。この酸化マグネシウムを主成分とした固化剤は、低ｐＨ固化剤であり、環境に与える負荷が小さいことを特徴とする。
この固化剤による固化は、固化対象物の粒子間でＭｇＯの炭酸塩化が進行し、ＭｇＣＯ３・３Ｈ２Ｏの結晶が成長することにより行われる。
A magnesium oxide-based solidifying agent can also be used. This solidifying agent containing magnesium oxide as a main component is a low pH solidifying agent and is characterized by a small load on the environment.
Solidification by the solidifying agent is performed by the progress of carbonation of MgO between the particles of the solidification target and the growth of MgCO 3 .3H 2 O crystals.
この固化剤は、土壌中に含まれるフッ素やホウ素等を固定し不溶化する。具体的には、ＭｇＯの表面が水和してＭｇ(ＯＨ)２となり、その表面のＯＨ基がＯＨ２ ＋となって正に帯電し、静電引力によりＦ−やＨ２ＢＯ３ −が吸着することにより不溶化される。 This solidifying agent fixes and insolubilizes fluorine and boron contained in the soil. Specifically, the surface of MgO is hydrated to become Mg (OH) 2 , the OH group on the surface becomes OH 2 + and becomes positively charged, and F − and H 2 BO 3 − are formed by electrostatic attraction. It is insolubilized by adsorption.
この固化剤とともに、熔リン、蛇紋岩、カンラン石、モンモリロナイト、ハロイサイト、ギブサイト、アロフェン等の微粒子の鉱物を添加することにより、重金属を不溶化し、土壌浄化を実現することができる。ここで、熔リンは、ＭｇＯ：１６質量％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３：１．９質量％、ＳｉＯ２：２８質量％、Ｐ２Ｏ５：１９質量％、ＣａＯ：３１質量％、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３：３．２質量％で、蛇紋岩は、ＭｇＯ：４４質量％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３：１．６質量％、ＳｉＯ２：４７質量％、ＣａＯ：１．６質量％、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３：５．３質量％で、カンラン石は、ＭｇＯ：４５質量％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３：１．２質量％、ＳｉＯ２：４７質量％、ＣａＯ：１．０質量％、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３：５．５質量％である。また、モンモリロナイトは、結晶性粘土鉱物で、化学式Ｎａ０．６７Ｓｉ８(Ａｌ３．３３Ｍｇ０．６７)Ｏ２０(ＯＨ)４・ｎＨ２Ｏで表され、ハロイサイトは、結晶性粘土鉱物で、化学式Ｓｉ２Ａｌ２Ｏ５(ＯＨ)４・２Ｈ２Ｏで表され、ギブサイトは、水酸化物で、化学式Ａｌ(ＯＨ)３で表され、アロフェンは、非晶質鉱物で、化学式(１〜２)ＳｉＯ２・Ａｌ２Ｏ３・(２．５〜３)Ｈ２Ｏで表されるものである。 By adding fine minerals such as molten phosphorus, serpentine, olivine, montmorillonite, halloysite, gibbsite, and allophane together with this solidifying agent, heavy metals can be insolubilized and soil purification can be realized. Here,熔phosphorus, MgO: 16 wt%, Al 2 O 3: 1.9 wt%, SiO 2: 28 wt%, P 2 O 5: 19 wt%, CaO: 31 wt%, Fe 2 O 3 : 3.2 wt%, serpentinite, MgO: 44 wt%, Al 2 O 3: 1.6 wt%, SiO 2: 47 wt%, CaO: 1.6 wt%, Fe 2 O 3: 5 The olivine is MgO: 45% by mass, Al 2 O 3 : 1.2% by mass, SiO 2 : 47% by mass, CaO: 1.0% by mass, Fe 2 O 3 : 5.5. % By mass. Montmorillonite is a crystalline clay mineral represented by the chemical formula Na 0.67 Si 8 (Al 3.33 Mg 0.67 ) O 20 (OH) 4 .nH 2 O, and halloysite is a crystalline clay mineral. And the chemical formula Si 2 Al 2 O 5 (OH) 4 · 2H 2 O, gibbsite is a hydroxide, the chemical formula Al (OH) 3 , allophane is an amorphous mineral, ~ 2) SiO 2 · Al 2 O 3 · (2.5 to 3) H 2 O.
例えば、Ｐｂを、上記の熔リンを添加して不溶化するとき、溶液中には、溶リンに含まれるカルシウムやマグネシウムがＣａ２＋やＭｇ２＋として溶出し、溶液は弱アルカリ性を呈する。このため、溶液中にはＯＨ−が存在し、これがＰｂと反応し、難溶性のＰｂ(ＯＨ)２を生成する。このＰｂ(ＯＨ)２は、鉱物粒子の表面に固着し、不溶化される。 For example, when Pb is insolubilized by adding the above-described molten phosphorus, calcium and magnesium contained in the dissolved phosphorus are eluted as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the solution, and the solution exhibits weak alkalinity. For this reason, OH − is present in the solution, which reacts with Pb to produce poorly soluble Pb (OH) 2 . This Pb (OH) 2 adheres to the surface of the mineral particles and is insolubilized.
同様にして、カドミウム、六価クロム、砒素、水銀、セレンといった重金属、上記のフッ素やほう素、水素イオン等を土壌環境基準以下に不溶化することができる。 Similarly, heavy metals such as cadmium, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, mercury, and selenium, the above fluorine, boron, hydrogen ions, and the like can be insolubilized below the soil environment standard.
モンモリロナイト等の層状ケイ酸塩粘土鉱物は、交換性陽イオン、例えばＣａ２＋を置換して層間をマイナスに帯電させ、広いｐＨレンジで陽イオンを吸着する。アロフェン等の非晶質アルミノケイ酸塩鉱物は、溶液が酸性の場合、表面電荷が正に卓越しているため陰イオンを吸着し、溶液がアルカリ性の場合、表面電荷が負に卓越しているため陽イオンを吸着する。ギブサイト等の水酸化物や鉄酸化物も同様、溶液のｐＨが高いと、その表面電荷が負に卓越し、陽イオンを吸着し、溶液のｐＨが低いと、その表面電荷が正に卓越し、陰イオンを吸着する。 Layered silicate clay minerals such as montmorillonite replace exchangeable cations such as Ca 2+ to charge the layers negatively and adsorb cations over a wide pH range. Amorphous aluminosilicate minerals such as allophane adsorb anions because the surface charge is positive when the solution is acidic, and the surface charge is negative when the solution is alkaline. Adsorbs cations. Similarly, hydroxides and iron oxides such as gibbsite have a negative surface charge when the pH of the solution is high, adsorb cations, and a positive surface charge when the pH of the solution is low. Adsorbs anions.
これらの固化剤を、必要に応じて鉱物を添加して、水や空気等に分散させ、スラリーやガスとして本発明の地盤改良装置へ供給し、地盤内へ噴射させ、地盤改良を行うことができる。 These solidifying agents can be added with minerals as necessary, dispersed in water, air, etc., supplied to the ground improvement device of the present invention as slurry or gas, and injected into the ground to improve the ground. it can.
この安価で所望の強度を得ることができる固化剤を含むスラリーやガスを注入材として用い、この注入材を、２５〜２９ＭＰａの高圧で噴射し、約０．３ｍ３／分といった、これまでの注入量を大きく上回る注入量とすることで、安価で施工することができ、また、同じサイズの掘削部材１２であっても、１回の施工で、より大きい改良体を構築することができ、改良体の数を減少させ、工期を短縮することができる。 Using this slurry and gas containing a solidifying agent that can obtain a desired strength at a low cost as an injection material, this injection material is injected at a high pressure of 25 to 29 MPa, and about 0.3 m 3 / min. By making the injection amount much larger than the injection amount, it can be constructed at low cost, and even with the excavation member 12 of the same size, a larger improved body can be constructed in one operation, The number of improved bodies can be reduced and the construction period can be shortened.
上記において螺旋状羽根２１の最大径は、１〜２．５ｍと記載したが、これに限られるものではなく、例えば０．３５ｍ〜３ｍのものを用いることができる。上記の２５〜２９ＭＰａの圧力で、０．２８〜０．３３ｍ３／分で噴射させた場合、螺旋状羽根２１の最大の羽根径が０．３５ｍのものを使用して改良体を構築すると、径が２．３５ｍの円柱状の改良体を構築することができる。 In the above description, the maximum diameter of the spiral blade 21 is described as 1 to 2.5 m. However, the maximum diameter is not limited thereto, and for example, a diameter of 0.35 m to 3 m can be used. When the above-mentioned pressure of 25 to 29 MPa is injected at 0.28 to 0.33 m 3 / min, when the improved blade is constructed using the spiral blade 21 having a maximum blade diameter of 0.35 m, A cylindrical improvement body with a diameter of 2.35 m can be constructed.
ちなみに、径０．５ｍでは２．５ｍ、径０．７ｍでは２．７ｍ、径１．２ｍでは４．７ｍ、径１．５ｍでは５ｍ、径２ｍでは５．５ｍ、径２．５ｍでは６ｍ、径２．８ｍでは６．３ｍの円柱状の改良体を構築することができ、このことから、この圧力および注入量では、最大の羽根径の２〜８倍の径を有する改良体を構築することができる。 By the way, 2.5 m for a diameter of 0.5 m, 2.7 m for a diameter of 0.7 m, 4.7 m for a diameter of 1.2 m, 5 m for a diameter of 1.5 m, 5.5 m for a diameter of 2 m, 6 m for a diameter of 2.5 m, With a diameter of 2.8 m, it is possible to construct a 6.3 m cylindrical improvement body, and from this, with this pressure and injection volume, an improvement body having a diameter 2 to 8 times the maximum blade diameter is constructed. be able to.
この注入圧力および注入量は、あくまで例示であり、これらの値に限定されるものではない。したがって、２９ＭＰａ以上の圧力であってもよいし、０．３３ｍ３／分以上の注入量にすることも可能である。 The injection pressure and the injection amount are merely examples, and are not limited to these values. Therefore, the pressure may be 29 MPa or more, and the injection amount may be 0.33 m 3 / min or more.
また、水底地盤が、ヘドロ等により汚染された土壌を健全な土壌に変換させるべく、バクテリア、活性菌、光合成細菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌、麹菌等の微生物を注入材に混入させ、それを噴射することにより、土壌を浄化することも可能である。 Also, in order to convert the soil contaminated by sludge etc. into healthy soil, the bottom of the ground mixes microorganisms such as bacteria, active bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and koji molds into the injection material and injects it It is also possible to purify the soil.
これまで本発明の地盤改良装置について図面に示した実施形態を参照しながら詳細に説明してきたが、本発明は、上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、他の実施形態や、追加、変更、削除など、当業者が想到することができる範囲内で変更することができ、いずれの態様においても本発明の作用・効果を奏する限り、本発明の範囲に含まれるものである。 So far, the ground improvement device of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and other embodiments, additions, Modifications, deletions, and the like can be made within the scope that can be conceived by those skilled in the art, and any aspect is included in the scope of the present invention as long as the effects and advantages of the present invention are exhibited.
１…水底、２…水面、１０…中空部材、１１…空気噴射管、１２…掘削部材、１３…サンドポンプ、１４…排泥槽、２０…軸体、２１…螺旋状羽根、２２…突出部、２３、２４…注入管、２５…チップ、２６…ロッド、２７…外周、２８…接合部分、２９…突起、３０…上面、３１、３２…傾斜面、３３…曲面、４０…挟持手段、４１…アーム、４２…昇降手段、４３…圧縮空気供給手段、４４…注入材供給手段、４５…台船 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Water bottom, 2 ... Water surface, 10 ... Hollow member, 11 ... Air injection pipe, 12 ... Excavation member, 13 ... Sand pump, 14 ... Sludge tank, 20 ... Shaft body, 21 ... Spiral blade, 22 ... Protrusion part , 23, 24 ... injection tube, 25 ... tip, 26 ... rod, 27 ... outer periphery, 28 ... joint portion, 29 ... projection, 30 ... upper surface, 31, 32 ... inclined surface, 33 ... curved surface, 40 ... clamping means, 41 ... Arm, 42 ... Elevating means, 43 ... Compressed air supply means, 44 ... Injectant supply means, 45 ... Boat
Claims (9)
前記地盤から水面上へ延びるように設置される中空部材と、
前記中空部材の外側面に隣接し長手方向に沿って設けられ、前記中空部材の内部を前記水面に向けて圧縮空気を噴射させる空気噴射管と、
前記中空部材の内部を通して前記地盤へ降下され、前記地盤を掘削するとともに注入材を噴射して土壌と撹拌混合する掘削部材を備える掘削装置と
を含み、
前記掘削部材は、中空の軸体と、前記軸体に周設される螺旋状羽根と、前記螺旋状羽根の外周から該螺旋状羽根の径方向に突出するように設けられる突出部と、前記軸体内部を通り、前記軸体の中央部の壁面を貫通し、前記螺旋状羽根の下面に沿って前記突出部の下側へ延びる２以上の注入管とを備え、
前記突出部は、前記軸体の先端および前記螺旋状羽根の下面にも掘削方向へ向けて突出するように設けられ、前記突出部の突出した先端部分に、掘削時における回転方向に向けて先細とされた形状の、該突出部に比較して摩耗しやすい材料により製造されるチップが取り付けられていることを特徴とする、地盤改良装置。 A ground improvement device for improving the bottom of the water,
A hollow member installed so as to extend from the ground to the water surface;
An air injection pipe that is provided along the longitudinal direction adjacent to the outer surface of the hollow member, and that injects compressed air toward the water surface inside the hollow member;
A drilling device comprising a drilling member that is lowered to the ground through the inside of the hollow member, excavates the ground and injects an injection material and mixes with the soil, and
The excavation member includes a hollow shaft body, a spiral blade provided around the shaft body, a protrusion provided so as to protrude in a radial direction of the spiral blade from the outer periphery of the spiral blade , Two or more injection pipes that pass through the inside of the shaft body, pass through the wall surface of the central portion of the shaft body, and extend to the lower side of the protruding portion along the lower surface of the spiral blade,
The protrusion is provided so as to protrude toward the excavation direction also at the tip of the shaft body and the lower surface of the spiral blade, and is tapered toward the rotation direction during excavation at the protrusion of the protrusion. A ground improvement device characterized in that a chip made of a material that is more easily worn than the protruding portion is attached.
The injection material is injected at a supply rate of 0.28 to 0.33 m 3 per minute at a pressure of 25 to 29 MPa, and a cylindrical improvement body having a diameter 2 to 8 times the maximum blade diameter is constructed. The ground improvement apparatus of any one of Claims 1-8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010265151A JP5681463B2 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2010-11-29 | Ground improvement equipment for underwater ground |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010265151A JP5681463B2 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2010-11-29 | Ground improvement equipment for underwater ground |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2012117213A JP2012117213A (en) | 2012-06-21 |
| JP5681463B2 true JP5681463B2 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
Family
ID=46500371
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010265151A Expired - Fee Related JP5681463B2 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2010-11-29 | Ground improvement equipment for underwater ground |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5681463B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6245543B2 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2017-12-13 | 大地 山下 | Soil improvement body construction method |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50102142A (en) * | 1974-01-19 | 1975-08-13 | ||
| JP3224008B2 (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 2001-10-29 | ケミカルグラウト株式会社 | Underwater ground improvement method |
| JP3380723B2 (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 2003-02-24 | 新キャタピラー三菱株式会社 | Drilling cutting blade and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2000212952A (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-02 | Taisei Corp | Removed sludge collection method in deep mixing method of soil stabilization by jet mixing system |
| JP3409115B2 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2003-05-26 | 安岡 伸茂 | Ground improvement method for lapping using slow-acting stabilizer |
| JP2004278034A (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2004-10-07 | Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd | Soil excavating tool |
| JP3995668B2 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2007-10-24 | 西松建設株式会社 | Excavation member, excavation method, and soil improvement method using the excavation member |
| JP4675169B2 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2011-04-20 | 株式会社本間組 | Underwater suction and conveying device, dredging method using the same, caisson filling material removal method, and sediment removal method in foundation pile |
-
2010
- 2010-11-29 JP JP2010265151A patent/JP5681463B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2012117213A (en) | 2012-06-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN208717124U (en) | Dredging and sludge treatment system | |
| CN106545042A (en) | Automatic dredging machine under water | |
| JP5681463B2 (en) | Ground improvement equipment for underwater ground | |
| CN108503164A (en) | A kind of mud in-situ treatment device | |
| JP3995668B2 (en) | Excavation member, excavation method, and soil improvement method using the excavation member | |
| JP3391781B2 (en) | Soil excavation tool, civil engineering machine for soil excavation, and soil improvement method | |
| JP4695733B2 (en) | Soil excavation tool, soil improvement method and soil purification method | |
| JP5681462B2 (en) | Drilling member and soil improvement system | |
| JP4889051B2 (en) | How to build a continuous wall | |
| JP3642782B2 (en) | Soil improvement method | |
| JP4028866B2 (en) | Soil improvement method | |
| JP4085378B2 (en) | Bottom mud covering method | |
| KR101337795B1 (en) | Method and system for stabilizing soft mass | |
| JP5020683B2 (en) | Containment method for contaminated soil | |
| JP4695734B2 (en) | Soil excavation tool and soil improvement method | |
| JP2005042392A (en) | Dredging plant and dredging method for dam | |
| JP4511315B2 (en) | Soil improvement method | |
| JP3974936B2 (en) | Soil drilling tool, construction machine with soil drilling tool, ground improvement method and soil purification method | |
| US20050025579A1 (en) | Method for forming an underground impermeable wall | |
| JP2006045999A (en) | Soil improving method | |
| CN218843073U (en) | High-pressure jet grouting pile machine with efficient stirring effect and jet grouting stirring head thereof | |
| JP3974937B2 (en) | Ground improvement method | |
| JP2002306001A (en) | Method for bottom mud replacement construction and system thereof | |
| JP2005312407A (en) | Device for recovering bottom mud and method for the same | |
| JP3796687B2 (en) | Double-layer mat structure for bottom mud purification and bottom mud purification and maintenance method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20131111 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20140611 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20140624 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20140820 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20141224 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20150109 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5681463 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| S531 | Written request for registration of change of domicile |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |