JP5671459B2 - 血管収縮組成物および使用方法 - Google Patents
血管収縮組成物および使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は概して、血管収縮を誘発させるための組成物および方法に関する。本発明の重要な発見の1つは、充血が著しく減じられた血管収縮を実現するために、高度選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬を低用量で使用することにある。
本発明のため、以下の用語を下記の通り定義する。
(充血低減による血管収縮)
本発明の一態様は、高度選択的α−2作動薬を低濃度で使用することにより、反動的充血を低減し、最小限に抑え、および/または除去することを可能にし、それと共に臨床上同等なまたはより有効な血管収縮を最適にもたらすという、驚くべきおよび予期せぬ発見を指す。反動的充血は、血管収縮剤を施用した後、またはより典型的には繰り返し施用した後に、しばしば時間のずれと共に生ずる誘発性血管拡張(意図される血管収縮の代わりに)であって、血管(結膜または鼻粘膜における血管など)の怒張、高い毛細血管透過性および漏出性と、ある場合には炎症後遺症(薬の副作用)、即ちα1収縮剤の使用、特に血管収縮剤の慢性的使用にしばしば起因するものを特徴とする誘発性血管拡張を指す。
(優先的血管収縮)
一実施形態において、本発明の方法は、動脈や細動脈などの太い血管よりも毛細血管や細静脈などの細い血管に対する優先的血管収縮を誘発させる。これらの方法は、α−2アドレナリン受容体よりもα−1アドレナリン受容体の活性化を低減する。
(毛細血管透過性の低下)
別の実施形態において、本発明は概して、相当量の別の治療薬なしで、α−1アドレナリン受容体よりもα−2アドレナリン受容体に対して100倍以上の結合親和性を有する選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬または医薬品として許容されるその塩を、その必要がある患者に局所的に投与するステップを含み、前記選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬は約0.05重量/体積%よりも低い濃度で存在する、毛細管透過性を低下させるための方法に関する。
(反動的充血の回復)
一実施形態において、本発明は概して、α−1アドレナリン受容体よりもα−2アドレナリン受容体に対して100倍以上の結合親和性を有する選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬または医薬品として許容されるその塩を、現在または先にα−1アドレナリン受容体作動薬の投与を受けた患者に投与するステップを含み、前記第1の選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬は約0.05重量/体積%よりも低い濃度で存在する、反動的充血を回復させる方法に関する。
(α−1受容体の活性化の低減)
別の実施形態において、本発明は概して、α−1アドレナリン受容体よりもα−2アドレナリン受容体に対して100倍以上の結合親和性を有する選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬または医薬品として許容されるその塩を、眼または肺の状態を有する患者に投与するステップを含み、前記選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬は約0.05重量/体積%よりも低い濃度で存在する、α−1アドレナリン受容体の活性化を低減する方法に関する。
(選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬)
本発明の目的に使用してもよい選択的α−2作動薬は、α−2アドレナリン受容体に対して極めて高い選択性を有し、この選択性は、α−1受容体よりもα−2受容体に対して100:1よりも高いその結合親和性(Ki)によって定義され、より好ましくは500:1、さらにより好ましくは700:1、さらにより好ましくは1000:1またはこれ以上、最も好ましくは1500:1またはこれ以上の結合親和性によって定義されるものである。
(治療方法およびそこに用いられる組成物)
本発明の驚くべき、予期せぬ発見は、鼻のうっ血、および様々な眼および肺の状態の治療において、潜在的に用途がある。
このように、一実施形態において、本発明は概して、α−1アドレナリン受容体よりもα−2アドレナリン受容体に対して100倍以上の結合親和性を有する選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬または医薬品として許容されるその塩を、その必要がある患者に局所投与するステップを含み、前記選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬が約0.05重量/体積%よりも低い濃度で存在する、腫脹鼻甲介(例えば、鼻のうっ血)を伴う疾患を治療する方法に関する。
眼の状態には、慢性的な赤い眼を含めた赤い眼;Lasik手術後の眼血管うっ血;Lasik手術後の出血および充血の予防的な術中および術後の低下;Lasik手術前の術前出血および充血予防;予防的糖尿病性網膜症;糖尿病に関連するような黄斑浮腫;緑内障などの網膜変性、加齢性黄斑変性症(ARMD)などの黄斑変性症および網膜色素変性症の状態;網膜ジストロフィー;緑内障患者における高いベースラインの充血;網膜の炎症性障害;網膜静脈閉塞または分枝もしくは中心網膜動脈閉塞など、網膜の血管閉塞状態;未熟児の網膜症;鎌状赤血球貧血などの血液障害に関連した網膜症;高い眼圧;眼の痒み;網膜剥離後の損傷;硝子体切除、網膜またはその他の手術に起因した損傷または傷害;および網膜のレーザ治療、例えば、糖尿病性網膜症の広範囲網膜光凝固または網膜の光力学的療法から生ずるような、治療による損傷を含めたその他の網膜損傷が含まれるが、これらに限定するものではない。本発明の局所製剤を投与することによって予防または緩和することができる眼の状態には、中心視野を失うことを主に特徴とする視神経症などの、後発的および後天的視神経症、例えば、レーバー遺伝性視神経萎縮症(LEON)、常染色体優性視神経萎縮症、(Kjer疾患)、およびミトコンドリア欠損、異常ダイナミン関連タンパク質もしくは不適切なアポトーシスを伴うようなその他の視神経症、および多発性硬化症、網膜静脈閉塞、または光力学的もしくはレーザ療法に関連するような視神経炎がさらに含まれるが、これらに限定するものではない。例えば、Carelliら、Neurochem.Intl.40:573−584頁(2002年)およびOlichonら、J.Biol.Chem.278:7743−7746頁(2003年)を参照されたい。「眼の状態」という用語は、審美的な状態、例えば眼の過剰な発赤も包含する。本発明の方法および組成物は、その他の眼の処置に、特に白内障の手術、網膜の手術、翼状片の除去および運動性の手術に使用することができる。充血、内皮細胞ポンプ失調および緑内障クラスの高レベルのアレルギー反応を除去するのに用いられるブリモニジン濃度の濃度範囲では、眼圧の作用は注目されない。これは、化粧品としての用途において、正常眼圧の維持は望ましいが、眼圧を低下させることは、正常眼圧集団で減少させるのに必要なまたは望ましいパラメータではないので、重要である。
肺の状態には、血管のうっ血、気管支および細気管支の粘膜腫脹、気管支炎、呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)気管支炎などが含まれるが、これらに限定するものではない。その他の肺の用途には、気道の利用可能な管腔サイズをさらに縮小させる毛細血管透過性の増大の治療が含まれる。そのような毛細血管透過性の増大は、アレルギー性鼻炎、風邪;インフルエンザ;喘息、急性呼吸窮迫症候群および急性肺損傷において生じる。そのような状態は、肺胞毛細血管の高い透過性および粘膜を管腔内まで腫脹させる粘膜表面に沿った毛細血管の変化を引き起こす可能性がある。毛細血管透過性の増大は、これらの病原体が炎症性副生成物のカスケードおよびその他の特定の誘発手段を通して宿主器官内部に拡がるという、主な特徴の1つとして知られている。
本発明の方法および組成物は、下眼瞼に添っておよび下眼瞼の周りに観察される皮下表皮腫脹または痔核の静脈怒張の治療など、血管収縮に関するその他の臨床的徴候において使用してもよい。本発明はさらに、従来技術で使用されたエピネフリンまたはフェニレフリンよりも罹患率が少ない、痔核組織の拡張血管に関連した血管拡張を軽減するように製剤化されている組成物を提供する。これらの目的に特に有用な組成物は、ブリモニジンを0.01%から0.05%の濃度で含む。
(併用療法)
低用量の高度選択的α−2作動薬を単独で使用する他、本発明は、これらの高度選択的α−2作動薬をいくつかの組合せ施用で使用するための、例えばα−1拮抗薬と組み合わせて、抗ヒスタミン剤と組み合わせて、および麻酔剤と組み合わせて使用するための方法も提供する。
α−1拮抗薬は、暗順応低下および薄明視瞳孔拡張の性質を有することが示されている。ナファゾリン、テトラヒドロゾリンおよびオキシメタゾリンなどの従来技術のα−1作動薬は、個々人のかなりのパーセンテージでのクオリティオブビジョンの低下を伴う瞳孔拡張を引き起こすという望ましくない性質を有する。請求項に記載される濃度の本発明の高度選択的α−2作動薬は、瞳孔拡張を引き起こさない。
別の実施形態において、本発明は概して、α−1アドレナリン受容体よりもα−2アドレナリン受容体に対して100倍以上の結合親和性を有する選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬または医薬品として許容されるその塩およびヒスタミン拮抗薬を含み、前記選択的α−2アドレナリン受容体作動薬は約0.025重量/体積%よりも低い濃度で存在する、反動的充血が少ない状態でアレルギー性応答を治療および/または予防するために製剤化されている組成物に関する。
本発明の別の発見は、好ましくはα−1アドレナリン受容体よりもα−2アドレナリン受容体に対して500倍以上の結合親和性を有する選択的α2作動薬の使用によって、十分なα−1およびα−2受容体活性が得られ、その結果、両方の受容体からの血管収縮の有効性が最適化され、麻酔リスクとα−1および/またはβ−1受容体刺激によって誘発された心臓血管事象のリスクが低減することである。
(麻酔剤組成物(製剤))
本発明の麻酔剤組成物は、過度の実験なしに当業者により調製してもよい。一般に、麻酔剤が選択的α−2作動薬と組み合わされた単純な溶液が作製される。
(組成物(製剤))
本発明の組成物は、好ましくは哺乳類用に製剤化され、より好ましくはヒト用に製剤化される。
図4Aは、両眼の基準状態を示す。
図4Bは、180分後の比較を示し、右眼はテトラヒドロゾリン0.05%で治療したものであり、左眼はブリモニジン0.01%で治療したものであった。
図4Cは、基準状態(図4A)から4時間後の比較を示し、右眼はオキシメタゾリン0.025%で治療したものであり、左眼はブリモニジン0.02%で治療したものであった。
図4Dは、さらに4時間後の比較を示し、右眼はナファゾリン0.033%で治療したものであり、左眼は、ブリモニジン0.02%で治療したものであった。
図4Eは、図4Dに示される作用から4時間後、ブリモニジン0.033%が左眼のみに与える影響を示す(3回目の施用は反動的充血がないことを示す。)。
基準状態:
血管収縮の前処置なしの、Intralaseフェムト秒レーザを介した患者200名の治療−有意な術後充血および結膜出血@15%点状出血またはそれ以上の出血 術後1日目で患者を診た場合、25%1+(14)充血 最初の1時間+、50%2.5+充血 最初の1時間+、25%3+充血 最初の1時間+。フラップ転位率:<0.1%。
Naphcon−A(登録商標)(Alcon,Inc、、活性成分:塩酸ナファゾリン0.25%およびマレイン酸フェニラミン0.3%、塩化ベンザルコニウムで保存)を、第2の群の患者50名(85処置)に使用した。12%点状出血またはそれ以上の出血。35%1+充血、35%2+充血、15%2.5+充血、15%3+充血。いくつかの臨床上の利益に留意されたい。フラップ転位率:<0.1%。
認可外で使用したブリモニジン0.2%は、フラップ転位率5−10%を引き起こすことが報告されており、現在は、この目的に指定も推薦もされていない。
ブリモニジン0.02%を、患者10名(100の眼)の初期試験の術前10−20分で、片方の眼にI−ii gttで局所施用した。<5%点状出血またはそれ以上の出血、75%1+充血またはそれ以下、20%2+充血、5%2.5+充血、フラップ転位率は1%のすぐ下。
Claims (8)
- (i)眼の疾患、障害又は状態を有する患者の赤目の予防又は治療における、
(ii)非感染性の結膜充血及び反動性充血の治療又は予防における、
(iii)LASIK手術中又は手術後の出血及び充血の予防的な手術中及び術後の減少における、
(iv)LASIK手術前の術前出血及び充血予防における、又は
(v)強膜の白色化のための使用における、
ヒトに投与するために使用される、ブリモジニン又は医薬品として許容されるその塩を含む水性組成物であって、水性組成物中のブリモジニン又は医薬品として許容されるその塩の濃度が、0.01〜0.05重量/体積%である、水性組成物。 - 5.5〜6.5のpHを有する、請求項1に記載の水性組成物。
- 赤目が慢性的である、請求項1又は2に記載の水性組成物。
- LASIK手術後の充血した眼を予防するための、請求項1又は2に記載の水性組成物。
- 強膜の白色化のための、請求項1又は2のいずれか一項に記載の水性組成物。
- 追加の治療薬をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の水性組成物。
- 追加の治療薬がヒスタミン拮抗薬である、請求項6に記載の水性組成物。
- 前記ヒスタミン拮抗薬が、ロラタジン、デスロラタジン、セチリジン、フェキソフェナジン、アクリバスチン、エバスチン、ノルアステミゾール、レボセチリジン、マレイン酸フェニラミンおよびミゾラスチンからなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の組成物。
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