JP5667903B2 - Air conditioner for vehicles - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle to temporarily stop the engine as a drive source for the compressor when the vehicle is stopped.

  In this specification and the claims, the top and bottom of FIGS. 1 and 3 are the top and bottom.

  In addition, in this specification and claims, the term “capacitor” means a subcool condenser having a condensing part and a supercooling part in addition to a normal condenser.

  In recent years, automobiles have been proposed that automatically stop the engine when the vehicle stops, such as when waiting for a signal, for the purpose of environmental protection or improvement in automobile fuel efficiency.

  However, in an ordinary vehicle air conditioner, when the engine is stopped, the compressor using the engine as a drive source stops, so that there is a problem that the refrigerant is not supplied to the evaporator and the cooling capacity is rapidly reduced.

  Therefore, in order to solve such problems, the evaporator is provided with a cold storage function, and when the engine stops and the compressor stops, the cold stored in the evaporator is discharged to cool the vehicle interior. Is considered.

  This type of evaporator with a cold storage function includes a pair of tanks arranged at intervals in the vertical direction and a heat exchange core portion provided between the two tanks. A plurality of flat refrigerant flows that are arranged in the length direction of both tanks with the length direction facing the up-and-down direction and with both the upper and lower ends communicating with both tanks. A pipe, and a regenerator container that is disposed at intervals in the length direction of both tanks with the width direction directed in the ventilation direction and the length direction directed in the vertical direction, and in which the regenerator material is enclosed. There has been proposed an evaporator with a cold storage function in which the cold storage material in the cold storage material container is cooled by the cold heat of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant flow pipe (see Patent Document 1).

  According to the evaporator with the cold storage function described in Patent Document 1, during normal cooling when the compressor is operating, the cold heat of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant distribution pipe is transmitted to the cold storage material in the cold storage material container and stored in the cold storage material. When the compressor is stopped, the cold energy stored in the regenerator material in the regenerator material container is transferred to the air passing through the heat exchange core through the refrigerant circulation pipe in which the regenerator material container is thermally contacted. It is allowed to cool.

  By the way, as a cool storage material enclosed in the cool storage material container of this kind of evaporator with a cool storage function, it is common to use the paraffin-type latent heat storage material in which melting | fusing point was adjusted to 5-10 degreeC. For example, also in the evaporator with a cool storage function described in Patent Document 1, tetradecane having a melting point of 6 ° C. is used as the cool storage material enclosed in the cool storage material container.

  However, the temperature of the cold storage material in the liquid phase changes in the use environment temperature, for example, in the range of −40 to 90 ° C., and the air remaining in the cold storage material container is thermally expanded, so that one sealing in the cold storage material container is performed. Depending on the cold storage material filling rate, which is the ratio of the volume of the enclosed cold storage material to the internal volume of the space created, the cold storage material container may be damaged by internal pressure.

  Therefore, in consideration of safety, it is necessary to lower the regenerator filling rate, but in this case, the following problems occur. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when the evaporator (40) with a cold storage function described in Patent Document 1 is incorporated into a vehicle air conditioner together with a compressor and a condenser, the heat exchange core is usually placed in a casing (45). Since the portion is arranged in a vertical state so as to be located in the air passage (46), a relatively large portion in which the cold storage material (S) does not exist is generated in the upper portion of the cold storage material container (41). As a result, cold storage cannot be stored in the upper part of the cool storage material container (41), and when the compressor is stopped, the cool storage material in the upper part of the cool storage material container (41) in the heat exchange core part through which air passes. The temperature of the air (A1) flowing through the part where (S) does not exist rises faster than the temperature of the air (A2) flowing through the part where the cool storage material (S) exists, and an evaporator with a cool storage function ( 40) There is a problem that the temperature of air passing through the air varies greatly.

Japanese Patent No. 4043776

An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air conditioner equipped with an evaporator with a cold storage function capable of solving the above-described problems, preventing damage to the cold storage material container, and suppressing variations in the discharge temperature during cooling. It is in.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the following aspects.

1) An air conditioner used in a vehicle that includes a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator with a cold storage function disposed in a casing having an air passage, and temporarily stops an engine that is a drive source of the compressor when the vehicle is stopped. a is the heat exchange core portion of the evaporator with a cool storage function is provided with a plurality of refrigerant tubes extending vertically, and a plurality of cool storage material container regenerator material paraffinic were sealed inside with extending vertically In the vehicle air conditioner in which the cold storage material in the cold storage material container of the evaporator with the cold storage function is cooled by the cold heat of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant distribution pipe.
The cold storage material filling ratio, which is the ratio of the volume of the enclosed cold storage material to the internal volume of the cold storage material container of the evaporator with the cold storage function, is 70 to 80%,
The evaporator with the cold storage function is inclined so that the heat exchange core is located in the air passage, and the upper end of the refrigerant flow pipe and the cold storage material container of the heat exchange core are located upstream or downstream in the ventilation direction from the lower end. The upper end of the inclined side edge of the regenerator container is equal to the upper end of the portion of the air passage that faces the inclined side edge of the regenerator container. The vehicle air conditioner in which the liquid surface of the regenerator material in the material container is located at a height portion of 90% or more from the lower end in the vertical height of the side edge in the inclination direction of the regenerator material container.

2) The vehicle air conditioner according to 1) above, wherein the liquid surface of the regenerator material in the inclined regenerator container in the evaporator with a regenerator function is located at the upper end of the vertical height of the side edge in the inclined direction of the regenerator container .

3) The refrigerant flow pipe and the cold storage material container of the evaporator with the cold storage function are each flat in the width direction in the ventilation direction, and a ventilation gap is formed between the adjacent refrigerant flow pipes, and the cold storage material container The evaporator with a cool storage function according to the above 1) or 2) , wherein the number of the cool air is made smaller than the number of the ventilation gaps, and the cool storage material containers are arranged in some of the ventilation gaps among all the ventilation gaps.

According to the vehicle air conditioner of 1) to 3) above , the cold storage material filling ratio, which is the ratio of the volume of the enclosed cold storage material to the internal volume of the cold storage container of the evaporator with the cold storage function , is 70 to 80%. Even if the ambient temperature, for example, in the range of −40 to 90 ° C., the density of the cold storage material in the liquid phase changes and the air remaining in the cold storage material container thermally expands, it depends on the internal pressure of the cold storage material container. Damage is prevented .

Further, the evaporator with the cold storage function is such that the heat exchange core portion is located in the air passage, and the upper end of the refrigerant flow pipe and the cold storage material container of the heat exchange core portion is located upstream or downstream in the ventilation direction from the lower end. The upper end of the inclined side edge of the regenerator container is equal to the upper end of the portion of the air passage on the side facing the inclined side edge of the regenerator container. Since the liquid surface of the regenerator material in the regenerator material container is located at a height portion of 90% or more from the lower end in the vertical height of the side edge in the inclined direction of the regenerator material container, Even when the cold storage material filling rate, which is the ratio of the volume of the enclosed cold storage material, is set to 70 to 80%, which can prevent damage due to the internal pressure of the cold storage material container at the operating environment temperature, the cold storage material has heat through which air passes. Upper end of the cold storage container in the replacement core It will be present to near. Therefore, cold energy can be stored in the regenerator material in the regenerator material container even in the vicinity of the upper end of the regenerator material container, and when the compressor is stopped, a portion corresponding to the vicinity of the upper end of the regenerator material container in the heat exchange core part flows. An increase in the temperature of the air can be suppressed, and variations in the discharged air temperature that is the temperature of the air passing through the evaporator with the cold storage function can be suppressed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an overall configuration of an evaporator with a cold storage function of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the vehicle air conditioner using the evaporator with a cool storage function of FIG. It is an enlarged view which shows typically the cool storage material container of the evaporator with a cool storage function integrated in the vehicle air conditioner of FIG. It is a graph which shows the performance of a product of the present invention and a comparative product. It is an enlarged view which shows typically the cool storage material container of the evaporator with the conventional cool storage function integrated in the vehicle air conditioner.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  In the following description, the downstream side in the ventilation direction (the direction indicated by the arrow X in FIG. 1) is the front, and the opposite side is the rear. Further, the left and right when viewing the rear from the front, that is, the left and right in FIG.

  Furthermore, in the following description, the term “aluminum” includes aluminum alloys in addition to pure aluminum.

FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of an evaporator with a cold storage function used in a vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, an evaporator with a cold storage function (1) includes an aluminum first header tank (2) and an aluminum second header tank (3) extending in the horizontal direction and spaced apart in the vertical direction, and both headers. And a heat exchange core part (4) provided between the tanks (2) and (3).

  The first header tank (2) is integrated with the refrigerant inlet header (5) located on the front side (downstream in the ventilation direction) and the refrigerant inlet header (5) located on the rear side (upstream in the ventilation direction). And a refrigerant outlet header portion (6). A refrigerant inlet (7) is provided at the right end of the refrigerant inlet header (5), and a refrigerant outlet (8) is provided at the right end of the refrigerant outlet header (6). The second header tank (3) includes a first intermediate header portion (9) located on the front side and a second intermediate header portion (11) located on the rear side and integrated with the first intermediate header portion (9). And. The first intermediate header portion (9) and the second intermediate header portion (11) of the second header tank (3) are joined across the right end portions of the intermediate header portions (9) and (11), and The inside is communicated via a communication member (12) that forms a passage.

  The heat exchange core section (4) has a plurality of extruded aluminum flat refrigerant flow pipes (13) with the width direction facing the ventilation direction (front-rear direction) and the length direction facing the vertical direction. Are arranged in parallel at intervals. That is, a plurality of sets (14) composed of a plurality of refrigerant distribution pipes (13) arranged at intervals in the front-rear direction, here two refrigerant distribution pipes (13), are arranged at intervals in the left-right direction. A ventilation gap (15) is formed between adjacent ones of the group (14) consisting of (13). The upper end of the front refrigerant flow pipe (13) is connected to the refrigerant inlet header (5), and the lower end is connected to the first intermediate header (9). The upper end of the rear refrigerant flow pipe (13) is connected to the refrigerant outlet header (6), and the lower end is connected to the second intermediate header (11).

  The regenerator material is enclosed in a sealed internal space in some of the ventilation gaps (15) and not in the ventilation gaps (15) of the total ventilation gap (15) in the heat exchange core (4). The made aluminum regenerator material container (16) is arranged so as to straddle the front and rear refrigerant flow pipes (13). Further, in the remaining ventilation gap (15), corrugated outer fins (17) made of an aluminum brazing sheet having a brazing filler metal layer on both sides are disposed so as to straddle both the front and rear refrigerant flow pipes (13). The front and rear refrigerant flow pipes (13) constituting the pair (14) on both the left and right sides forming (15) are brazed. That is, the outer fins (17) are arranged in the ventilation gaps (15) on both sides of the ventilation gap (15) in which the cool storage material container (16) is arranged. In addition, outer fins (17) made of an aluminum brazing sheet having a brazing filler metal layer on both sides are also arranged outside the set (14) of the refrigerant flow pipes (13) at the left and right ends, and the front and rear refrigerant flow pipes (13) are arranged. An aluminum side plate (18) is disposed outside the outer fins (17) at both the left and right ends and brazed to the outer fins (17).

  The cool storage material container (16) has a flat shape in which the width direction faces the front-rear direction and the length direction faces the up-down direction, is located behind the front edge of the front refrigerant flow pipe (13), and each set ( 14) The container main body part (21) brazed to the two refrigerant flow pipes (13) before and after 14) and the front side edge part (leeward side edge part) of the container main body part (21) and the front side refrigerant flow pipe (13 ) And an outward projecting portion (22) provided so as to project forward (outside in the ventilation direction) from the front side edge. The horizontal dimension of the container main body (21) of the cold storage material container (16) is the same as the whole. The outwardly projecting portion (22) of the cold storage material container (16) has the vertical dimension equal to the vertical dimension of the container main body (21) and the horizontal dimension of the container main body (21) in the horizontal direction. And is bulged outwardly in the left-right direction with respect to the container main body (21). The lateral dimension of the outward projecting part (22) is twice the pipe height, which is the lateral dimension of the refrigerant flow pipe (13), and the left and right dimensions of the container body (21) of the regenerator container (16). It is equal to the height plus the dimension in the direction.

  As the regenerator material filled in the regenerator material container (16), a paraffin-based latent heat regenerator material whose freezing point is adjusted to about 5 to 10 ° C is used. Specifically, pentadecane, tetradecane, or the like is used. Moreover, the cold storage material filling rate which is the ratio of the volume of the enclosed cold storage material to the internal volume of the cold storage material container (16) is 70 to 80%. The filling rate is at room temperature.

  The outer fin (17) has a corrugated shape including a wave crest extending in the front-rear direction, a wave bottom extending in the front-rear direction, and a connecting portion connecting the wave crest and the wave bottom. The outer fin (17) is located behind the front side edge of the front refrigerant flow pipe (13) and is finned (not shown) brazed to the front and rear refrigerant flow pipes (13) of each set (14). ) And an outwardly extending portion (23) provided so as to extend forward of the front side edge of the rear refrigerant flow pipe (13) while continuing to the front side edge of the fin main body portion. And, the outwardly projecting portion (23) of the outer fin (17) disposed in the ventilation gap (15) adjacent to the ventilation gap (15) where the cold storage material container (16) is arranged is the cold storage material container (16). Are brazed to the left and right side surfaces of the outwardly projecting portion (22). An aluminum spacer (24) is disposed between the outwardly projecting portions (23) of the adjacent outer fins (17), and is brazed to the outwardly projecting portion (32).

  In FIG. 1, the evaporator (1) with a cold storage function is shown in a vertical state, but in reality, the upper ends of the refrigerant flow pipe (13) and the cold storage material container (16) of the heat exchange core section (4) are shown. These are arranged so as to be inclined upstream or downstream in the ventilation direction from the lower end. The liquid level of the regenerator material in the inclined regenerator container (16) of the evaporator (1) with the regenerator function is the vertical height of the end on the side where the upper end of the inclined regenerator container (16) is located (windward side) It is preferably located at a height portion of 90% or more of the whole, and is preferably located at the upper end of the vertical height.

  FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show a vehicle air conditioner that is used in a vehicle that includes an evaporator (1) with a cold storage function and that temporarily stops an engine that is a drive source of a compressor when the vehicle is stopped.

  In FIG. 2, a vehicle air conditioner used for a vehicle that temporarily stops an engine that is a drive source of a compressor when the vehicle is stopped is compressed by a compressor (30) that uses the engine as a drive source and a compressor (30). A condenser (31) (refrigerant cooler) for cooling the cooled refrigerant, an expansion valve (32) as a pressure reducer for depressurizing the refrigerant cooled by the condenser (31), and a decompression unit disposed in the casing (33) And an evaporator (1) with a cold storage function for evaporating the refrigerant. Although not shown, the vehicle air conditioner has a liquid receiving unit that stores a gas-liquid mixed phase refrigerant and separates it into a liquid phase and a gas phase.

As shown in FIG. 3, the evaporator (1) with a cool storage function has a heat exchange core (4) located in an air passage (34) of a casing (33) and a refrigerant flow pipe (13) and a cool storage material container ( The upper end of 16) is disposed in an inclined state so as to be on the upstream side or the downstream side in the ventilation direction from the lower end, in this case, on the upstream side. The upper end of the inclined edge (16a) (windward edge) of the cool storage container (16) and the inclined edge (16a) of the cool storage container (16) in the air passage (34) are facing. The upper part of the side part, here the upstream part, is equal. The liquid level (L) of the regenerator material (S) in the inclined regenerator container (16) in the heat exchange core part (4) of the evaporator with regenerator function (1) is the side edge in the inclined direction of the regenerator container (16). It is desirable that the height (H) of the portion (16a) (windward side edge) is 90% or more from the lower end of the entire vertical height (H), in this case, the upper end.

  In the vehicle air conditioner described above, when the compressor (30) is operating, the low-pressure gas-liquid mixed phase compressed by the compressor (30) and passed through the condenser (31) and the expansion valve (32). The two-phase refrigerant enters the refrigerant inlet header portion (5) of the evaporator (1) with a cold storage function through the refrigerant inlet (7), passes through the refrigerant refrigerant pipe (13) on the front side, and enters the first intermediate header portion ( 9) Inflow into. The refrigerant that has entered the first intermediate header portion (9) passes through the communication member (12), enters the second intermediate header portion (11), and then passes through the rear refrigerant flow pipe (13). It flows into the outlet header (6) and flows out from the refrigerant outlet (8). While the refrigerant flows in the refrigerant flow pipe (13), heat exchange is performed with the air passing through the ventilation gap (15), and the refrigerant flows out in a gas phase. At this time, the cold storage material in the cold storage material container (16) is cooled by the cold heat of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant flow pipe (13), and cold heat is stored in the cold storage material.

  When the compressor (30) is stopped, the cold heat of the cool storage material in the container main body (21) and the outwardly projecting portion (22) of the cool storage material container (16) is changed to the left and right of the cool storage material container (16). Ventilation gap that is transmitted to both side walls, passes through the refrigerant flow pipe (13), and the cold storage material container (16) is disposed through the outer fin (17) brazed to the refrigerant flow pipe (13). It is transmitted to the air passing through the ventilation gap (15) on both sides of (15). Therefore, even if the temperature of the wind that has passed through the evaporator (1) rises, the wind is cooled, so that a rapid decrease in the cooling capacity is prevented.

  And the liquid level (L) of the cool storage material (S) in the inclined cool storage material container (16) in the heat exchange core part (4) of the evaporator with cool storage function (1) is the tilt direction of the cool storage material container (16) The vertical height (H) of the side edge part (16a) (windward edge part) is 90% or more from the lower end of the whole, here it is located at the upper end. Even if the amount of the regenerator material enclosed is set to an amount such that the regenerator material filling rate, which is the ratio of the volume of the encapsulated regenerator material (S) to the inner volume of the regenerator material container (16), is 70 to 80%, The cold storage material (S) exists up to the vicinity of the upper end of the cold storage material container (16). Therefore, cold heat can be stored in the cold storage material (S) in the cold storage material container (16) even in the vicinity of the upper end of the cold storage material container (16), and when the compressor (30) is stopped, the heat exchange core part ( In 4), the temperature rise of the air flowing through the portion corresponding to the vicinity of the upper end of the cool storage material container (16) is suppressed, and the entire air (A) passing through the heat exchange core (4) of the evaporator with the cool storage function (1) It is possible to suppress variations in the temperature of the discharged air temperature.

  Next, the results of experiments conducted to examine the performance of the product of the present invention and the comparative product will be described.

  In the vehicle air conditioner shown in FIG. 2, the above-described evaporator (1) with a cold storage function is provided with the heat exchange core (4) positioned in the air passage (34) of the casing (33) and the refrigerant flow pipe (13). And it arrange | positioned in the state inclined so that the upper end of a cool storage material container (16) might come to the upstream of a ventilation direction rather than a lower end (product of this invention). Here, pentadecane is used as the cold storage material, the ambient temperature at the time of encapsulation (initial) is 20 ° C., and the cold storage material filling rate that is the ratio of the volume of the enclosed cold storage material to the internal volume of the cold storage material container (16) is 80%. Further, the inclination angle of the refrigerant flow pipe (13) and the cold storage material container (16) was set to 30 degrees. At this time, the liquid level (L) of the regenerator material (S) in the inclined regenerator container (16) of the evaporator with a regenerator function (1) is the side edge (16a) (16a) of the regenerator container (16) in the inclined direction. It was located at a height of 90% from the lower end of the entire vertical height (H) of the windward edge.

In this state, the compressor (30) is operated, the air side temperature of the evaporator (1) with a cold storage function: 25 ° C., the relative humidity (RH): 50%, the upwind volume of the evaporator (1) with a cold storage function: 200 m ³ Cold energy was stored in the cool storage material (S) in the cool storage material container (16) under the condition of / h. Next, the compressor (30) is stopped, and the temperature of the air that has passed through the heat exchange core (4) of the evaporator (1) with a cold storage function is measured and averaged at a plurality of locations at the outlet of the air passage (34). The temperature was determined. And the time (cooling time) which operated the compressor (30), and the time (cooling) until the said average temperature becomes more than the set temperature (15 degreeC) after stopping the operation of a compressor (30). Time).

  Further, the evaporator (1) with the cold storage function described above is the same as the vehicle air conditioner shown in FIG. 2 except that the heat exchange core (4) is located in the air passage (34) of the casing (33) and the refrigerant flow pipe ( 13) and the regenerator container (16) were arranged vertically (comparative product). Otherwise, the relationship between the cold storage time and the cooling time was examined in the same manner as the product of the present invention described above.

  These results are shown in FIG. From the graph shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen that when the cool storage time is the same, the cool time of the product of the present invention is longer than the cool time of the comparative product.

  In the above embodiment, each cool storage material container (16) is independent, but among all the cool storage material containers (16), the internal spaces of at least some of the plurality of cool storage material containers (16) are appropriate. It may be made to communicate through a communicating part.

The vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention is suitably used for a vehicle that temporarily stops an engine that is a drive source of a compressor when the vehicle is stopped.

(1): Evaporator with cool storage function
(4): Heat exchange core
(13): Refrigerant distribution pipe
(16): Cold storage container
(30): Compressor
(31): Capacitor
(33): Casing
(34): Air passage
(L): Liquid level
(S): Cold storage material

Claims (3)

An air conditioner used for a vehicle that includes a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator with a cold storage function disposed in a casing having an air passage, and that temporarily stops an engine that is a drive source of the compressor when the vehicle is stopped. Te, the heat exchange core portion of the evaporator with a cool storage function is provided with a plurality of refrigerant tubes extending vertically, and a plurality of cool storage material container regenerator material paraffinic were sealed inside with extending vertically, cold storage In the vehicle air conditioner in which the regenerator material in the regenerator container of the evaporator with a function is cooled by the cold heat of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant distribution pipe,
The cold storage material filling ratio, which is the ratio of the volume of the enclosed cold storage material to the internal volume of the cold storage material container of the evaporator with the cold storage function, is 70 to 80%,
The evaporator with the cold storage function is inclined so that the heat exchange core is located in the air passage, and the upper end of the refrigerant flow pipe and the cold storage material container of the heat exchange core are located upstream or downstream in the ventilation direction from the lower end. The upper end of the inclined side edge of the regenerator container is equal to the upper end of the portion of the air passage that faces the inclined side edge of the regenerator container. The vehicle air conditioner in which the liquid surface of the regenerator material in the material container is located at a height portion of 90% or more from the lower end in the vertical height of the side edge in the inclination direction of the regenerator material container. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the liquid surface of the regenerator material in the inclined regenerator container in the evaporator with a regenerator function is located at the upper end of the vertical height of the edge in the inclined direction of the regenerator container. The refrigerant circulation pipe and the cold storage material container of the evaporator with the cold storage function are each flat in the width direction in the ventilation direction, and a ventilation gap is formed between adjacent refrigerant circulation pipes, and the number of the cold storage material containers The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the number of ventilation gaps is less than the number of ventilation gaps, and the cool storage material containers are arranged in some of the ventilation gaps among all the ventilation gaps .

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