JP5665649B2 - DC / DC power converter - Google Patents

DC / DC power converter Download PDF

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JP5665649B2
JP5665649B2 JP2011107134A JP2011107134A JP5665649B2 JP 5665649 B2 JP5665649 B2 JP 5665649B2 JP 2011107134 A JP2011107134 A JP 2011107134A JP 2011107134 A JP2011107134 A JP 2011107134A JP 5665649 B2 JP5665649 B2 JP 5665649B2
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capacitor
voltage
charge
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power converter
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JP2012239324A (en
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田中　康之
康之 田中
奥田　達也
達也 奥田
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4837—Flying capacitor converters

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  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Description

この発明は、直流電圧を昇圧あるいは降圧した直流電圧に変換するＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a DC / DC power converter that converts a DC voltage into a DC voltage that is stepped up or stepped down.

直流電圧を昇圧あるいは降圧した直流電圧に変換するＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置は、例えば、太陽光発電システム、ハイブリッド自動車などに使用されている。このＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置は、例えば、特開昭６１−９２１６２号公報（特許文献１）、特開２００５−２２４０６０号公報（特許文献２）に開示されているように、図２に示す回路構成となっている。   A DC / DC power conversion device that converts a DC voltage into a DC voltage that is stepped up or stepped down is used, for example, in a solar power generation system, a hybrid vehicle, or the like. This DC / DC power conversion apparatus includes, for example, the circuit shown in FIG. 2 as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-92162 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-224060 (Patent Document 2). It has a configuration.

図２において、ＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置１００は、例えば太陽電池などの直流電源１０からの入力電圧Ｖｉｎを平滑化する入力コンデンサ１１と、昇圧動作のためのリアクトル１２と、リアクトル１２に電圧を発生させる互いに直列接続された第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４と、第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４のオン・オフにより充放電動作する充放電コンデンサ１５と、出力からの逆流を防止する互いに直列接続されたダイオード１６、１７と、出力電圧を平滑化する平滑用コンデンサ１８とを備え、この平滑用コンデンサ１８の電圧が目標電圧Ｖｏｕｔになるように昇圧している。そして、目標電圧Ｖｏｕｔを負荷である、例えば系統１９に供給する。制御回路２０は、入力コンデンサ１１、充放電コンデンサ１５、平滑用コンデンサ１８の電圧、及び主回路２１に接続された電流検出器２２の検出電流を入力し、第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４を制御する。なお、第１、及び第２のスイッチ素子１３、１４、充放電コンデンサ１５、ダイオード１６、１７により、直流電圧変換部２３を構成している。   In FIG. 2, a DC / DC power converter 100 generates an input capacitor 11 that smoothes an input voltage Vin from a DC power source 10 such as a solar cell, a reactor 12 for boosting operation, and a voltage generated in the reactor 12. The first and second switching elements 13, 14 connected in series with each other, the charging / discharging capacitor 15 that performs charging / discharging operation by turning the first and second switching elements 13, 14 on and off, and the output Diodes 16 and 17 connected in series to prevent backflow and a smoothing capacitor 18 for smoothing the output voltage are provided, and the voltage of the smoothing capacitor 18 is boosted to the target voltage Vout. Then, the target voltage Vout is supplied to a system 19 that is a load. The control circuit 20 inputs the input capacitor 11, the charge / discharge capacitor 15, the voltage of the smoothing capacitor 18, and the detection current of the current detector 22 connected to the main circuit 21, and the first and second switching elements 13. , 14 are controlled. The first and second switch elements 13 and 14, the charge / discharge capacitor 15, and the diodes 16 and 17 constitute a DC voltage conversion unit 23.

上記構成のＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置１００は、制御回路２０による第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４のオン・オフ動作を利用して、リアクトル１２へのエネルギーの蓄勢と放勢の量をコントロールし、直流から直流への電力変換を行う。また、このリアクトル１２は大型で重いという課題があることから、コンデンサ１１の充放電を利用してリアクトル１２に印加される電圧を低減し、リアクトル１２に必要なインダクタンス値を低減することにより、リアクトル１２を小型、軽量化されている。 The DC / DC power conversion apparatus 100 having the above configuration uses the on / off operation of the first and second switching elements 13 and 14 by the control circuit 20 to store and release energy to the reactor 12. Control the amount and convert power from DC to DC. Further, since the reactor 12 has a problem that it is large and heavy, the voltage applied to the reactor 12 is reduced by using the charging / discharging of the capacitor 11, and the inductance value necessary for the reactor 12 is reduced, whereby the reactor 12 is charged. 12 is reduced in size and weight.

特開昭６１−９２１６２号公報JP-A-61-92162 特開２００５−２２４０６０号公報JP 2005-224060 A

ところで、ＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置に対し、直流を交流に変換するインバータと組み合わせてシステムが構成される場合がある。例えば、太陽光発電用電力変換システム、エアーコンディショナ、ハイブリッド自動車の電気駆動システム等がある。これらシステムに用いられるＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置は、電源の状態（例えば、太陽光発電システムにおける太陽電池の光の照射量）や負荷の状態（例えば、ハイブリッド自動車の電気駆動システムのモータの回転数）に応じて、その出力電圧をコントロールする。即ち、その電圧変換に係わる電圧比を制御している。この電圧比の調整は、一般的に、スイッチング素子の通流率、所謂、デューティファクタを制御することにより行われている。 By the way, a system may be configured by combining a DC / DC power converter with an inverter that converts direct current into alternating current. For example, there are a power conversion system for photovoltaic power generation, an air conditioner, an electric drive system for a hybrid vehicle, and the like. The DC / DC power converters used in these systems have a power supply state (for example, the amount of solar cell light irradiation in a solar power generation system) and a load state (for example, the number of rotations of a motor in an electric drive system of a hybrid vehicle) ) To control its output voltage. That is, the voltage ratio related to the voltage conversion is controlled. The adjustment of the voltage ratio is generally performed by controlling the conduction rate of the switching element , that is, the so-called duty factor.

図２に示すＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置１００を、太陽光発電パワーコンディショナに用いた場合、直流電源１０、即ち、太陽電池が発電しているとき、リアクトル１２に流れるリアクトル電流ＩＬと第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４のデューティファクタＤ１、Ｄ２で充放電コンデンサ１５のコンデンサ電圧ＶＣｆを制御している。充放電コンデンサ１５のコンデンサ電圧ＶＣｆは、次式で求められる。 If the DC / DC power converting apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 2, was used in photovoltaic power conditioner, the DC power source 10, i.e., when the solar cell is generating power, reactor flows through the reactor 12 current I L and the first The capacitor voltage V Cf of the charge / discharge capacitor 15 is controlled by the duty factors D1 and D2 of the second switching elements 13 and 14. The capacitor voltage V Cf of the charge / discharge capacitor 15 is obtained by the following equation.

Figure 0005665649
Figure 0005665649

この式より理解されるように、リアクトル１２にリアクトル電流ＩＬが流れないとき、充放電コンデンサ１５のコンデンサ電圧ＶＣｆが制御不能になる。また、系統１９と接続されているため、充放電コンデンサ１５や平滑用コンデンサ１８、および第１、及び第２の半導体素子１３、１４に系統電圧が印加され、漏れ電流の関係で充放電コンデンサ１５のコンデンサ電圧ＶＣｆは０〜Ｖｏｕｔまで不定となる。漏れ電流が大きい素子では、素子に印加される電圧は小さくなるが、漏れ電流が小さい素子では、素子に印加される電圧は大きくなる。 As understood from this equation, when no flow reactor current I L in inductor 12, the capacitor voltage V Cf of charging and discharging the capacitor 15 becomes uncontrollable. Further, since it is connected to the system 19, system voltage is applied to the charge / discharge capacitor 15, the smoothing capacitor 18, and the first and second semiconductor elements 13, 14, and the charge / discharge capacitor 15 is related to the leakage current. The capacitor voltage V Cf is indefinite from 0 to Vout. In an element with a large leakage current, the voltage applied to the element is small, but in an element with a small leakage current, the voltage applied to the element is large.

このように、従来のＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置には、充放電コンデンサ１５のコンデンサ電圧が０〜Ｖｏｕｔ［Ｖ］で不定となり、第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４、ダイオード１６、１７、充放電コンデンサ１５の何れかに過電圧が印加されることになった場合、第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４、ダイオード１６、１７などの半導体素子の過電圧破壊が発生する可能性があった。 Thus, in the conventional DC / DC power converter, the capacitor voltage of the charge / discharge capacitor 15 becomes indefinite at 0 to Vout [V], and the first and second switching elements 13 and 14 and the diodes 16 and 17 are indeterminate. When an overvoltage is applied to any of the charge / discharge capacitors 15, there is a possibility that the overvoltage breakdown of the semiconductor elements such as the first and second switching elements 13 and 14 and the diodes 16 and 17 may occur. there were.

この発明は、前記の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、ＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置を構成するリアクトルに電流が流れなくなり、充放電コンデンサの電圧制御ができなくなったとき、半導体素子の過電圧破壊を防止するＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置を提供するものである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. When current stops flowing through the reactor constituting the DC / DC power converter and voltage control of the charge / discharge capacitor cannot be performed, overvoltage breakdown of the semiconductor element is prevented. The present invention provides a DC / DC power converter for preventing the above.

この発明に係るＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置は、直流電源に接続されたリアクトルと出力電圧の平滑用コンデンサとの間に直流電圧変換部を設け、前記直流電圧変換部は、第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子と、前記第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子のオン・オフにより充放電動作する充放電コンデンサと、前記充放電コンデンサの充電経路と放電経路を形成するダイオードと、を有するＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置において、前記ダイオードと前記平滑用コンデンサとの接続点と、前記充放電コンデンサの高電位側端子の間に接続される第１の分圧抵抗と、前記充放電コンデンサと並列に接続される第２の分圧抵抗と、前記充放電コンデンサの低電位側端子と、前記第１のスイッチング素子と前記平滑用コンデンサの接続点の間に接続される第３の分圧抵抗と、を備えたものである。 In the DC / DC power converter according to the present invention, a DC voltage converter is provided between a reactor connected to a DC power source and an output voltage smoothing capacitor, and the DC voltage converter includes first and second DC voltage converters. DC / DC having a switching element, a charging / discharging capacitor that performs charging / discharging operation by turning on and off the first and second switching elements, and a diode that forms a charging path and a discharging path of the charging / discharging capacitor In the power converter, the first voltage dividing resistor connected between the connection point of the diode and the smoothing capacitor, the high potential side terminal of the charge / discharge capacitor, and the charge / discharge capacitor are connected in parallel. second voltage dividing resistor that, the low potential side terminal of the charging and discharging capacitor, the first third being connected between the connection point between the switching element and the smoothing capacitor Voltage dividing resistors, those with a.

この発明に係るＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置によれば、ＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置を構成するリアクトルに電流が流れなくなり、充放電コンデンサの電圧制御ができなくなったとき、半導体素子の過電圧破壊を防止することができる。   According to the DC / DC power converter according to the present invention, when no current flows through the reactor constituting the DC / DC power converter and voltage control of the charge / discharge capacitor becomes impossible, overvoltage breakdown of the semiconductor element is prevented. be able to.

この発明の実施の形態１に係るＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置を説明する回路図である。It is a circuit diagram explaining the DC / DC power converter device concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention. 従来のＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置を説明する回路図である。It is a circuit diagram explaining the conventional DC / DC power converter.

以下、添付の図面を参照して、この発明に係るＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置について好適な実施の形態を説明する。なお、この実施の形態により発明が限定されるものではなく、諸種の設計的変更を含むものである。   Preferred embodiments of a DC / DC power conversion apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and includes various design changes.

実施の形態１．
図１は、この発明の実施の形態１に係るＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置を説明する回路図である。図１において、ＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置２００は、ダイオード１７のカソード側と平滑用コンデンサ１８ａとの接続点ａと、充放電コンデンサ１５の高電位側端子ｂの間に第１の分圧抵抗２４を接続し、充放電コンデンサ１５と並列に第２の分圧抵抗２５を接続し、充放電コンデンサ１５の低電位側端子ｃと、第１のスイッチング素子１３と平滑用コンデンサ１８ｂの接続点ｄの間に第３の分圧抵抗２６を接続したものである。なお、その他の構成については図２に示す従来装置と同様であり、同一符号を付して説明を省略する。また、図２で示した第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４を制御する制御回路と、負荷の図示を省略している。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a DC / DC power conversion apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the DC / DC power converter 200 includes a first voltage dividing resistor 24 between a connection point “a” between the cathode side of the diode 17 and the smoothing capacitor 18 a and a high potential side terminal “b” of the charge / discharge capacitor 15. And the second voltage dividing resistor 25 is connected in parallel with the charge / discharge capacitor 15, the low-potential-side terminal c of the charge / discharge capacitor 15, and the connection point d between the first switching element 13 and the smoothing capacitor 18b. A third voltage dividing resistor 26 is connected between them. In addition, about another structure, it is the same as that of the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 2, The same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted. Also, the control circuit for controlling the first and second switching elements 13 and 14 shown in FIG. 2 and the load are not shown.

前述のように、従来のＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置においては、充放電コンデンサ１５のコンデンサ電圧が不定となり、第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４、ダイオード１６、１７、充放電コンデンサ１５の何れかに過電圧が印加されることになった場合、第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４、ダイオード１６、１７などの半導体素子の過電圧破壊が発生する可能性がある。 As described above, in the conventional DC / DC power converter, the capacitor voltage of the charging / discharging capacitor 15 becomes indefinite, and the first and second switching elements 13, 14, the diodes 16, 17, and the charging / discharging capacitor 15 When an overvoltage is applied to any one of them, there is a possibility that the overvoltage breakdown of the semiconductor elements such as the first and second switching elements 13 and 14 and the diodes 16 and 17 may occur.

しかし、実施の形態１に係るＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置２００では、分圧抵抗２４〜２６を挿入することにより、充放電コンデンサ１５に印加される電圧Ｖ２は、分圧抵抗２４〜２６の分圧比のみで決まる次の式２となる。
Ｖ２＝｛Ｒ２／（Ｒ１＋Ｒ２＋Ｒ３）｝Ｖｏｕｔ・・・・・式２ However, in the DC / DC power converter 200 according to the first embodiment, the voltage V2 applied to the charge / discharge capacitor 15 by inserting the voltage dividing resistors 24 to 26 is the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing resistors 24 to 26. The following formula 2 determined only by
V2 = {R2 / (R1 + R2 + R3)} Vout Equation 2

このように、ＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置２００は、出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔを分圧して均等化し、充放電コンデンサ１５のコンデンサ電圧ＶＣｆを一定に保つことができるため、第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子１３、１４、ダイオード１６、１７などの半導体素子の過電圧破壊を防止することができ、低耐圧、低損失の半導体素子やコンデンサを使用することができる。また、各半導体素子に印加される電圧を推定することができ、耐圧や損失を加味した主回路設計を行うことができる。 Thus, since the DC / DC power converter 200 can divide and equalize the output voltage Vout and keep the capacitor voltage V Cf of the charge / discharge capacitor 15 constant, the first and second switching elements Overvoltage breakdown of semiconductor elements such as 13, 14 and diodes 16 and 17 can be prevented, and low breakdown voltage and low loss semiconductor elements and capacitors can be used. In addition, the voltage applied to each semiconductor element can be estimated, and the main circuit design can be performed in consideration of breakdown voltage and loss.

また、近年、太陽光発電システムの高機能化が求められている中、実施の形態１に係るＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置２００をこの太陽光発電システムに用いた場合、付加価値として、入力電流が流れないときの系統電圧安定化機能を実現できる。   Further, in recent years, there has been a demand for higher functionality of a photovoltaic power generation system. When the DC / DC power conversion device 200 according to Embodiment 1 is used in this photovoltaic power generation system, an input current is added as an added value. System voltage stabilization function when not flowing can be realized.

１０ 直流電源（太陽電池）、１１ 入力コンデンサ、１２ リアクトル、１３ 第１のスイッチング素子、１４ 第２のスイッチング素子、１５ 充放電コンデンサ、１６、１７ ダイオード、１８、１８ａ，１８ｂ 平滑用コンデンサ、１９ 負荷（系統）、２０ 制御回路、２１ 主回路、２２ 電流検出器、２３ 直流電圧変換部、２４、２５、２６ 分圧抵抗、１００、２００ ＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置。 10 DC power supply (solar cell), 11 input capacitor, 12 reactor, 13 first switching element, 14 second switching element, 15 charge / discharge capacitor, 16, 17 diode , 18 , 18a, 18b smoothing capacitor, 19 load (System), 20 control circuit, 21 main circuit, 22 current detector, 23 DC voltage converter, 24, 25, 26 voltage dividing resistor, 100, 200 DC / DC power converter.

Claims (1)

直流電源に接続されたリアクトルと出力電圧の平滑用コンデンサとの間に直流電圧変換部を設け、前記直流電圧変換部は、第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子と、前記第１、及び第２のスイッチング素子のオン・オフにより充放電動作する充放電コンデンサと、前記充放電コンデンサの充電経路と放電経路を形成するダイオードと、を有するＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置において、
前記ダイオードと前記平滑用コンデンサとの接続点と、前記充放電コンデンサの高電位側端子の間に接続される第１の分圧抵抗と、
前記充放電コンデンサと並列に接続される第２の分圧抵抗と、
前記充放電コンデンサの低電位側端子と、前記第１のスイッチング素子と前記平滑用コンデンサの接続点の間に接続される第３の分圧抵抗と、を備えたことを特徴とするＤＣ／ＤＣ電力変換装置。 A direct-current voltage converter is provided between a reactor connected to the direct-current power supply and the output voltage smoothing capacitor. The direct-current voltage converter includes first and second switching elements, and the first and second In a DC / DC power conversion apparatus, comprising: a charge / discharge capacitor that performs charge / discharge operation by turning on / off the switching element; and a diode that forms a charge path and a discharge path of the charge / discharge capacitor
A first voltage dividing resistor connected between a connection point between the diode and the smoothing capacitor, and a high potential side terminal of the charge / discharge capacitor;
A second voltage dividing resistor connected in parallel with the charge / discharge capacitor;
A DC / DC comprising: a low potential side terminal of the charge / discharge capacitor; and a third voltage dividing resistor connected between a connection point of the first switching element and the smoothing capacitor. Power conversion device.
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