JP5630816B2 - Decelerator with self-locking function - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention has a self-locking function that reliably transmits the rotational force from the input shaft side to the output member, but reliably prevents the rotational force from the output member side from being transmitted to the input shaft. It relates to a reduction gear.

In a conventional spur gear type reduction gear used for a hoisting machine or the like, unless a brake device is specially provided, the rotational force from the output shaft cannot be reliably prevented from being transmitted to the input shaft. .
In a reduction gear using a worm gear, the self-lock function can be provided to some extent by setting the lead angle below the friction angle of the tooth surface. The self-locking property may be unreliable because it may fall below the expected value due to changes in conformability, lubrication conditions, and the like.

  The inventor has invented a reduction gear having a highly reliable self-locking function by using a micro-tooth difference composite hypocycloid mechanism having a two-stage internal gear mechanism, and has already been patented (for example, a patent Reference 1 and 2).

Japanese Patent No. 4205389 Japanese Patent No. 4329957

The reduction gear having the conventional self-locking function as described above has a reduction ratio determined at the time of design, and must be redesigned to change it.
However, in recent years, the reduction ratio can be easily switched according to the application, the output member can be switched from forward rotation to reverse rotation without changing the rotation direction of the input shaft, and it can be quickly returned during the reverse rotation. It is hoped that.

  In view of such demands, the present invention not only has a highly reliable self-locking function, but also has a simple structure and can easily switch the reduction ratio, and without changing the rotation direction of the input shaft, the output member It is an object of the present invention to provide a speed reducer that can switch between normal rotation and reverse rotation, and that can quickly return during the reverse rotation.

According to the present invention, the above problem is solved as follows.
(1) In the reduction gear, a support, an input shaft that is rotatably supported by the support and has an eccentric shaft portion, and is externally fitted to the eccentric shaft portion so as to be rotatable, and a first external tooth An external gear having a second external tooth and a third external tooth, and coaxial with the input shaft and pivotally supported by the support, and more than the number of teeth (ON1) of the first external tooth An output member having a first internal gear meshing with the first external teeth with first internal teeth having the number of teeth (IN1); concentrically with the input shaft; and pivotally supported by the support body; and A second internal gear meshing with the second external tooth with a second internal tooth having a number of teeth (IN2) greater than the number of teeth of the second external tooth (ON2); and the support body concentric with the input shaft. A third inner tooth that is pivotally supported by the third outer tooth and meshes with the third outer tooth with third inner teeth having a number of teeth (IN3) greater than the number of teeth of the third outer teeth (ON3). And a switching means provided on the support and selectively fixing the second internal gear and the third internal gear to the support, the first external teeth and the first internal teeth Tooth number ratio (ON1 / IN1), tooth number ratio between the second external tooth and second internal tooth (ON2 / IN2), and tooth number ratio between the third external tooth and third internal tooth (ON3) / IN3) are set to values that are not identical to each other , and the switching means is a clutch that selectively fixes the second internal gear and the third internal gear to the support, and the clutch is It has a male screw part that is screwed into a female screw hole provided on the inner surface, and is rotated in one direction so that one end is pressed against one side surface of the second internal gear and the second internal gear is pressed against the support. By fixing and rotating in the other direction, the other end is pressed against one side surface of the third internal gear, and the third internal gear is crimped to the support. A male screw member which is adapted ur boss shall comprise rotating means for rotating the male screw member in one direction and the other direction.

With this configuration, when the second internal gear is fixed to the support by the switching means, the gear ratio between the second external teeth and the second internal teeth with which the second internal gear meshes ( ON2 / IN2) and the gear ratio (ON1 / IN1) between the first external teeth and the first internal teeth determine the reduction ratio and the rotation direction. When the input shaft is rotated in this state, the output member is Then, the motor is rotated in the direction determined by the above with the reduction ratio.
Further, when the third internal gear is fixed to the support by the switching means, the gear ratio (ON3 / IN3) between the third external teeth and the third internal teeth with which the third internal gear meshes, The gear ratio (ON1 / IN1) between one external tooth and the first internal tooth determines the speed reduction ratio and the rotation direction. When the input shaft is rotated in this state, the output member has the speed reduction ratio described above. Is rotated in the direction determined by.
Therefore, the output member can be rotated in two modes with different reduction ratios and rotation directions by the switching operation of the switching means, and not only the versatility is increased, but also a simple structure with a small number of parts can be achieved.
In addition, it is possible to provide a speed reducer having a highly reliable self-locking function.
Furthermore, the switching means can have a simple structure, and the clutch can be structured more simply and operate reliably.

(2) above (1) Oite the section gear ratio between the first external teeth and the first internal teeth (ON1 / IN1) relative to the second external teeth and the gear ratio between the second internal ( ON2 / IN2) is larger than that, and the tooth number ratio (ON3 / IN3) between the third external teeth and the third internal teeth is smaller than that.

  With such a configuration, the rotation direction of the output member can be made different by the switching means when the second internal gear is fixed to the support and when the third internal gear is fixed to the support. Therefore, the rotation direction of the output member can be changed only by the switching operation of the switching means while the rotation direction of the input shaft is constant, and there is no need to reverse the input shaft when it is desired to reverse the output member. .

(3) In the above item (2) , the ratio of the number of teeth between the second external teeth and the second internal teeth (ON2 / IN2) and the ratio of the numbers of teeth between the first external teeth and the first internal teeth (ON1 / IN1) Is greater than the difference between the ratio of the number of teeth between the third external teeth and the third internal teeth (ON3 / IN3) and the ratio of the numbers of teeth between the first external teeth and the first internal teeth (ON1 / IN1). .

  With such a configuration, the speed reduction ratio at the time of forward rotation of the output member is different from the speed reduction ratio at the time of reverse rotation, and a quick return mechanism or a fast feed mechanism can be obtained.

  According to the present invention, not only has a highly reliable self-locking function, but also with a simple structure, the reduction ratio can be easily switched, and the output member is changed from normal rotation to reverse rotation without changing the rotation direction of the input shaft. It is possible to provide a speed reducer that can be switched and that can quickly return when the motor is reversed.

It is a vertical front view of one embodiment of a reduction gear having a self-locking function of the present invention. It is the II-II sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the III-III sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the IV-IV sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the VV sectional view taken on the line of FIG.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 to 5 show an embodiment of a reduction gear having a self-locking function according to the present invention.

  The support body 2 in the speed reduction device 1 is screwed into a female screw hole 3a provided in the right end portion of the cylinder body 3 in the left-right direction with a male screw portion 4a provided in the left end portion of the closure body 4, thereby A female screw hole 5a provided at the right end of the closure 5 is screwed into a male screw 3b that is fixed to the right end of the body 3 and provided at the left end of the cylinder 3. It consists of the one fixed to the left end.

  In the center of the closing bodies 4 and 5, shaft holes 6 and 7 that are concentric with the cylindrical body 3 are provided. In each of the shaft holes 6 and 7, an input shaft 8 and an output shaft (output member) 9 are freely rotatable. Is fitted.

  The input shaft 8 is provided with a key groove 10 on the outer peripheral surface, and has a connecting shaft portion 8a connected to a rotating means (not shown) and a slightly larger diameter than the connecting shaft portion 8a, and is connected to the left end of the connecting shaft portion 8a. A main shaft portion 8b that is continuously provided in a core shape, an enlarged diameter flange portion 8c that is continuously provided at the left end of the main shaft portion 8b, an eccentric shaft portion 8d that is continuously provided at the left end of the enlarged diameter flange portion 8c, and an eccentric shaft portion 8d, and a small-diameter shaft portion 8e concentric with the main shaft portion 8b. The main shaft portion 8b has a needle bearing 11 in the shaft hole 6 of the closing body 4 and a small-diameter shaft portion 8e. By being pivotally supported by a needle bearing 13 in a shaft hole 12 provided at the center of the right end of the output shaft 9, the connecting shaft portion 8a and a part of the main shaft portion 8b protrude rightward, It is pivotally supported in the support 2 stably.

In the output shaft 9, a large-diameter shaft portion 9b having a larger diameter than the main shaft portion 9a is connected to the right end of the main shaft portion 9a, and a small-diameter shaft portion 9c having a smaller diameter than the main shaft portion 9a is concentrically connected to the left end of the main shaft portion 9a. A cylindrical portion 14b extending to the left in the first internal gear 14 provided with the first internal teeth 14a on the inner surface is fitted on the right end portion of the large-diameter shaft portion 9b so as to face in the radial direction. The spring pin 14c is fixed to the large diameter shaft portion 9b.
The small-diameter shaft portion 9c is provided with a key groove 15 on the outer periphery, and is connected to a driven means (not shown).

  In the output shaft 9, the main shaft portion 9a is pivotally supported by the ball bearing 16 in the left end portion of the cylindrical body 3, and the first internal teeth 14a are pivotally supported by the needle bearing 17 in the intermediate portion in the horizontal direction of the cylindrical body 3, respectively. The small-diameter shaft portion 9c and a part of the main shaft portion 9a are stably supported in the support body 2 so as to protrude rightward.

A ring-shaped seal member 18 is provided in the shaft hole 7 of the closing body 5 through which the main shaft portion 9a of the output shaft 9 passes.
Further, a retaining ring 19 for preventing the ball bearing 16 from coming off is provided at an intermediate portion in the left-right direction of the main shaft portion 9a.

An external gear 20 is rotatably fitted to the eccentric shaft portion 8 d of the input shaft 8 with a plurality of needle bearings 21.
The first outer teeth 20a, the second outer teeth 20b, and the third outer teeth 20c are integrally provided at the left end portion, the intermediate portion, and the right end portion of the external gear 20 so as to be separated from each other in the left-right direction. ing.

The first external teeth 20a mesh with the first internal teeth 14a with a slightly smaller number of teeth (ON1) than the number of teeth (IN1) of the first internal teeth 14a of the first internal gear 14.
The second external tooth 20b includes a second internal tooth 22a of the second internal gear 22 that is concentric with the input shaft 8 and rotatably supported at an intermediate portion in the left-right direction in the cylindrical body 3, and the number of teeth. Engage with slightly smaller number of teeth (ON2) than (IN2).
The third external tooth 20c includes a third internal tooth 23a of the third internal gear 23 that is rotatably supported by being concentric with the input shaft 8 at the right end in the cylindrical body 3, and the number of teeth ( Intermeshing with slightly smaller number of teeth (ON3) than IN3).

  In the annular space between the second external teeth 20b and the third external teeth 20c in the cylindrical body 3, a male screw portion 24a formed on the outer periphery is formed in a female screw hole 3c provided on the inner surface of the intermediate portion of the cylindrical body 3. The male screw member 24 adapted to be screwed is fitted so as to be rotatable and slightly movable in the left-right direction.

A part of the outer periphery of the male screw member 24 is provided with an operating rod 26 protruding outside the cylindrical body 3 through a circumferential long hole 25 provided in a part of the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 3. When the flange 26 is rotated counterclockwise in FIG. 3, the right side surface of the third internal gear 23 is moved to the right side in FIG. 1 due to the screwing of the male screw portion 24 a and the female screw hole 3 c. And the third internal gear 23 can be fixed by being crimped to the left end surface of the closing body 4, and when rotated clockwise in FIG. 3, the male screw portion 24a and the female screw hole 3c are screwed together, 1, the left side surface is pressed against the right side surface of the second internal gear 22, and the second internal gear 22 is connected to the portion of the female screw hole 3 c on the inner surface of the cylinder 3 and to the left side thereof. It can be fixed by pressure bonding to the step surface 3e with the small diameter step hole 3d. That.
A spherical grip 26 a is provided at the tip of the operation rod 26.

  The male screw member 24, the long hole 25, the operating rod 26, and the like form a clutch that selectively fixes the second internal gear and the third internal gear to the support, that is, a switching means 27.

  The number of teeth of the first external teeth 20a of the external gear 20 (ON1), the number of teeth of the second external teeth 20b (ON2), the number of teeth of the third external teeth 20c (ON3), and the first internal gear 14 The first number of teeth 14a (IN1), the number of second internal teeth 22a of the second internal gear 22 (IN2), and the number of third internal teeth 23a of the third internal gear 23 (IN3) For example:

<First example>
ON1 = 21, ON2 = 36, ON3 = 28
IN1 = 23, IN2 = 39, IN3 = 31

In the case of the first example, when the second internal gear 22 is crimped to the stepped surface 3e and fixed to the support body 2 by the operation of the switching means 27, the rotational speed i of the output shaft 9 relative to the input shaft 8 is become that way.
That is, when the input shaft 8 rotates approximately 92 times, the output shaft 9 rotates once in the same direction as the input shaft 8.

Further, when the third internal gear 23 is pressed against the left end surface of the closing body 4 and fixed to the support body 2 by the operation of the switching means 27, the rotational speed i of the output shaft 9 with respect to the input shaft 8 is expressed by the following equation (2). become that way.
That is, when the input shaft 8 rotates approximately 92 times, the output shaft 9 rotates once in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the input shaft 8.

  Therefore, when the number of teeth is set as in the first example, it is possible to switch only the rotation direction of the output shaft 9 by operating the switching means 27 with substantially the same reduction ratio.

  By the operation of the switching means 27, the rotation of the input shaft 8 is stopped and either the second internal gear 22 or the third internal gear 23 is fixed to the support 2 and the rotational force is applied from the output shaft 9 side. The first internal gear 14 attempts to rotate the first external teeth 20a of the external gear 20 around the eccentric shaft portion 8d, but either the second internal gear 22 or the third internal gear 23 is used. One of them is fixed to the support body 2, and either one of the second external teeth 20b and the third external teeth 20c of the external gear 20 meshing with the support body 2 prevents the external gear 20 from rotating. Is not rotated by an external force that does not depend on the rotation of the input shaft 8. That is, it is self-locked. At this time, the rotation blocking force of the output shaft 9 increases as the reduction ratio increases.

Next, a second example of the number of teeth is as follows.
<Second example>
ON1 = 21, ON2 = 36, ON3 = 24
IN1 = 23, IN2 = 39, IN3 = 27
That is, in the second example, only the number of teeth of ON3 and IN3 in the first example is changed.

In the case of the second example, when the second internal gear 22 is crimped to the stepped surface 3e and fixed to the support 2 by the operation of the switching means 27, the rotational speed i of the output shaft 9 with respect to the input shaft 8 is expressed by the following equation (1). It becomes like the same formula 3.
That is, when the input shaft 8 rotates approximately 92 times, the output shaft 9 rotates once in the same direction as the input shaft 8.

However, when the third internal gear 23 is crimped to the left end surface of the closing body 4 and fixed to the support body 2 by the operation of the switching means 27, the rotational speed i of the output shaft 9 with respect to the input shaft 8 is expressed by the equation 4 become that way.
That is, when the input shaft 8 rotates approximately 37 times, the output shaft 9 rotates once in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the input shaft 8.

  Therefore, when the number of teeth is set as in the second example, the switching operation of the switching means 27 causes the output shaft 9 to rotate forward at a high reduction ratio at the time of forward rotation (the second internal gear 22 is fixed) During rotation (the third internal gear 23 is fixed), the output shaft 9 can be rotated in reverse at a reduced speed ratio. That is, it is possible to return quickly.

  Of course, in the case of the second example, the self-lock function is exhibited by the same principle as in the case of the first example.

Next, it will be as follows when the 3rd example of each number of teeth is shown.
<Third example>
ON1 = 27, ON2 = 30, ON3 = 27
IN1 = 30, IN2 = 33, IN3 = 29

In the case of the third example, when the second internal gear 22 is pressure-bonded to the stepped surface 3e and fixed to the support 2 by the operation of the switching means 27, the rotational speed of the output shaft 9 relative to the input shaft 8 is It becomes like this.
That is, when the input shaft 8 rotates approximately 100 times, the output shaft 9 rotates once in the same direction as the input shaft 8.

Further, when the third internal gear 23 is crimped to the left end surface of the closing body 4 and fixed to the support body 2 by the operation of the switching means 27, the rotational speed i of the output shaft 9 with respect to the input shaft 8 is expressed by Equation 6 become that way.
That is, when the input shaft 8 rotates approximately 37 times, the output shaft 9 rotates once in the same direction as the input shaft 8.

  Therefore, when the number of teeth is set as in the third example, the reduction ratio can be switched between two stages of large and small with the switching direction of the switching means 27 so that the rotation direction of the output shaft 9 is the same.

  Of course, in the case of the third example, the self-lock function is exhibited by the same principle as in the case of the first example.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be implemented in various modified forms without departing from the scope of the claims.
For example, the switching means 27 may be an electromagnetic clutch that selectively fixes the second internal gear 22 and the third internal gear 23 to the support 2 in place of the manually operated clutch as described above, or other A switching mechanism may be used.

  The speed reducer having a self-locking function according to the present invention can be suitably used as a drive means for driving a winch, a valve opening / closing device, an electric jack, or other driven means.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Deceleration apparatus 2 Support body 3 Cylindrical body 3a Female screw hole 3b Male screw part 3c Female screw hole 3d Step hole 3e Step surface 4 Blocking body 4a Male screw part 5 Blocking body 5a Female screw hole 6, 7 Shaft hole 8 Input shaft 8a Connection shaft part 8b Main shaft Part 8c Diameter expansion collar part 8d Eccentric shaft part 8e Small diameter shaft part 9 Output shaft (output member)
9a main shaft portion 9b large diameter shaft portion 9c small diameter shaft portion 10 key groove 11 needle bearing 12 shaft hole 13 needle bearing 14 first internal gear 14a first internal tooth 14b cylindrical portion 14c spring pin 15 key groove 16 ball bearing 17 needle bearing 18 Seal member 19 Retaining ring 20 External gear 20a 1st external tooth 20b 2nd external tooth 20c 3rd external tooth 21 Needle bearing 22 2nd internal gear 22a 2nd internal tooth 23 3rd internal gear 23a 3rd internal tooth 24 Male screw member 24a Male thread portion 25 Long hole 26 Operating rod 26a Grip 27 Switching means (clutch)
ON1, ON2, ON3, IN1, IN2, IN3 Number of teeth

Claims (3)

A support;
An input shaft pivotally supported by the support and having an eccentric shaft portion;
An external gear rotatably fitted to the eccentric shaft portion and having first external teeth, second external teeth, and third external teeth;
The first external teeth having a first internal tooth having a number of teeth (IN1) larger than the number of teeth (ON1) of the first external teeth, which is concentric with the input shaft and rotatably supported by the support body An output member having a first internal gear meshing with
The second external tooth having a second internal tooth having a number of teeth (IN2) larger than the number of teeth (ON2) of the second external tooth and being pivotally supported by the support body so as to be concentric with the input shaft. A second internal gear meshing with
The third external tooth having a third internal tooth having a number of teeth (IN3) larger than the number of teeth (ON3) of the third external tooth, which is concentric with the input shaft and rotatably supported by the support body A third internal gear meshing with
Switching means provided on the support and selectively fixing the second internal gear and the third internal gear to the support;
The tooth number ratio (ON1 / IN1) between the first external teeth and the first internal teeth, the tooth number ratio (ON2 / IN2) between the second external teeth and the second internal teeth, and the third external teeth A clutch for setting the number ratio (ON3 / IN3) of the third internal teeth to a value which is not the same as each other , and selectively fixing the second internal gear and the third internal gear to the support member by the switching means. In addition, the clutch has a male screw portion that is screwed into a female screw hole provided on the inner surface of the support, and is rotated in one direction so that one end is pressed against one side surface of the second internal gear, The second internal gear is crimped to the support and fixed, and is rotated in the other direction so that the other end is pressed against one side of the third internal gear and the third internal gear is crimped to the support and fixed. JP and the male screw member that way can, that was assumed and a rotating means for rotating the male screw member in one direction and the other direction Reduction gear having a self-locking feature that. The tooth number ratio (ON2 / IN2) between the second external teeth and the second internal teeth is larger than the tooth number ratio (ON1 / IN1) between the first external teeth and the first internal teeth, and the third external teeth number ratio of the third internal teeth (ON3 / IN3) reduction gear with claim 1 Symbol mounting self-locking function of the smaller than the. The difference between the tooth number ratio (ON2 / IN2) between the second external tooth and the second internal tooth and the tooth number ratio (ON1 / IN1) between the first external tooth and the first internal tooth is expressed as follows. The chair according to claim 2 , wherein the chair is larger than a difference between a tooth number ratio (ON3 / IN3) with three internal teeth and a tooth number ratio (ON1 / IN1) between the first external teeth and the first internal teeth.

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