JP5609096B2 - Blank media and transfer foil - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an image display technique that can be used for personal authentication, for example.

  Many personal authentication media such as passports and ID (identification) cards use facial images to enable visual personal authentication.

  For example, in a passport, conventionally, photographic paper on which a face image is printed is pasted on a booklet. However, such passports may be tampered with by reprinting photographic prints.

  For these reasons, in recent years, there is a tendency to digitize facial image information and reproduce it on a booklet. As this image reproduction method, for example, a thermal transfer recording method using a transfer ribbon has been studied.

  However, recently, thermal transfer recording type printers using sublimation dyes or colored thermoplastic resins are widely used. Considering this situation, it is not always difficult to remove a face image from a passport and record another face image on the face image.

  Patent Document 1 describes that a face image is recorded by the method described above, and a face image is recorded thereon using fluorescent ink. Patent Document 2 describes that a face image is recorded using an ink containing a colorless or light-colored fluorescent dye and a colored pigment. Further, Patent Document 3 describes that a normal face image and a face image formed using a pearl pigment are arranged side by side.

  When these technologies are applied to a passport, the alteration becomes more difficult. However, a face image recorded using a fluorescent material cannot be observed unless a special light source such as an ultraviolet lamp is used. In addition, although a face image formed using a pearl pigment can be visually recognized with the naked eye, it is difficult to form a high-definition image using this because the pearl pigment has a large particle size.

  By the way, a stereoscopic image is more difficult to falsify or counterfeit than a planar image. One method for displaying a stereoscopic image is to use a pattern made of a diffraction grating. For example, Patent Documents 4 and 5 describe a technique that enables stereoscopic display by displaying a parallax image using a plurality of cells each provided with diffraction gratings having different length directions. .

  However, when displaying a parallax image using a pattern made of a diffraction grating, the viewing conditions under which a stereoscopic image can be viewed are relatively limited. Therefore, in this case, the change in the visibility of the stereoscopic image due to the change in the observation condition is relatively large. This change in visibility may cause flickering of the stereoscopic image, that is, cause the image quality of the stereoscopic image to deteriorate.

JP 2000-141863 A JP 2002-226740 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-170685 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-206401 JP 05-002148 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of displaying a stereoscopic image with high image quality.

  A first aspect of the present invention is an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image, and emits scattered light having directivity in different directions under specific illumination conditions, and each displays a parallax image. The scattered light emitted from each of the plurality of element regions includes a plurality of element regions to be displayed, under a condition that the observer perceives the stereoscopic image, in a straight line connecting the left and right eyes of the observer It is an image display body which is the scattered light which diverges in the parallel 1st surface.

  The second aspect of the present invention includes three or more element regions, and each of the element regions emits the scattered light so that the angular ranges in the first surface partially overlap. It is the image display body which concerns on this.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the scattered light emitted from each of the plurality of element regions is 2 to 7 ° within the first surface under the condition where the observer perceives the stereoscopic image. It is the image display body which concerns on the 1st or 2nd side surface which is the scattered light which diverges in this angle range.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the scattered light emitted from each of the plurality of element regions is in a second plane perpendicular to the straight line under the condition that the observer perceives the stereoscopic image. Furthermore, it is an image display body which concerns on any one of the 1st thru | or 3rd side surface which is the scattered light which diverges.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the scattered light emitted from each of the plurality of element regions is 10 ° or more in the second surface under the condition where the observer perceives the stereoscopic image. It is an image display body which concerns on the 4th side surface which is the scattered light which diverges in an angle range.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, each of the plurality of element regions includes first to fifth side surfaces including a plurality of concave portions or convex portions that generate the scattered light from illumination light incident under the illumination conditions. The image display body which concerns on any one of these.

  The seventh aspect of the present invention, when the observer is perceiving the stereoscopic image, the vertical direction is a direction parallel to the intersection of the surface perpendicular to the straight line and the display surface, In each of the plurality of element regions, the image display body according to the sixth aspect has a spatial frequency in the vertical direction of the plurality of concave portions or convex portions that is greater than zero.

The eighth aspect of the present invention is the image display body according to the seventh aspect, wherein the spatial frequency is 500 mm ⁻¹ or more.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention is the image display body according to the sixth to eighth aspects, wherein the plurality of concave portions or convex portions are a plurality of grooves or lines as a computer generated hologram.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the image display according to any one of the sixth to ninth aspects, wherein a part of the plurality of recesses or protrusions and another part have different depths or heights. Is the body.

  According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image display according to any one of the sixth to tenth aspects, wherein a part of the plurality of recesses or protrusions and another part have different occupied areas. Is the body.

  A twelfth aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of pixels arranged in first and second directions intersecting each other, each of the plurality of pixels including a plurality of sub-pixels, and each of the plurality of pixels includes the plurality of pixels. Each of the sub-pixels is an image display body according to any one of the first to eleventh side surfaces constituting a part of the plurality of element regions.

  A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is an article comprising an image display body according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects and a base material supporting the image display body.

  In a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the base material has a rough surface, and the image display body is an article according to the thirteenth side surface attached to the rough surface.

  A fifteenth aspect of the present invention is a blank medium used for manufacturing an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image, and includes a plurality of pixels arranged in first and second directions intersecting each other, and the plurality of pixels Each is a blank medium including a plurality of sub-pixels that emit scattered light having directivity under specific illumination conditions in different directions.

  A sixteenth aspect of the present invention is a transfer foil used for manufacturing an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image, comprising a transfer material layer and a support that releasably supports the transfer material layer, The transfer material layer includes a plurality of pixels arranged in first and second directions intersecting each other, and each of the plurality of pixels emits scattered light having directivity under a specific illumination condition. The transfer foil includes a plurality of sub-pixels that emit in different directions.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to display a stereoscopic image with high image quality.

  The image display body according to the first aspect of the present invention displays a stereoscopic image. The image display body includes a plurality of element regions that each display a parallax image by emitting scattered light having directivity in different directions under specific illumination conditions. Under the condition that the observer perceives the stereoscopic image, the scattered light emitted from each of the plurality of element regions is scattered light that diverges in a first plane parallel to a straight line connecting the left and right eyes of the observer. It is.

  This scattered light has a wider viewing range than non-divergent diffracted light emitted from a diffraction grating or the like. Therefore, in this image display body, it is difficult for a change in the visibility of a stereoscopic image due to a change in observation conditions. That is, this image display body displays a stereoscopic image with high image quality.

  The image display body according to the second aspect of the present invention includes three or more element regions. Therefore, this image display body can display a stereoscopic image that can be viewed in a wider angle range. That is, in this image display body, the change in the visibility of the stereoscopic image due to the change in the observation condition is less likely to occur.

  In addition, in this image display body, each of these element regions emits the scattered light so that the angular ranges in the first surface partially overlap. Therefore, with this image display body, each parallax image can be visually recognized by the left and right eyes of the observer. Therefore, in this image display body, when the observation angle is continuously changed, the possibility that the stereoscopic image cannot be suddenly visually recognized can be suppressed. That is, the image display body displays a stereoscopic image with particularly little flickering of the image.

  In the image display body according to the third aspect of the present invention, the scattered light emitted from each of the plurality of element regions is 2 to 7 in the first surface under the condition that the observer perceives the stereoscopic image. Scattered light that diverges in the angle range of °.

  It is assumed that the length of a line segment connecting the left and right eyes of the observer is 65 mm, and the distance between the display surface of the image display body and the first surface is 500 mm. In this case, the angle formed by the eyes of the observer's left and right eyes is about 7.4 °. Therefore, when the angle range is set to 7 ° or less, the scattered light emitted from each of the plurality of element regions does not enter the left and right eyes simultaneously. Therefore, in this way, it is possible to prevent the parallax image to be viewed by one eye from becoming noise of the parallax image to be viewed by the other eye. Therefore, in this way, the image quality of the stereoscopic image can be further improved.

  On the other hand, the entrance pupil diameter of each of the left and right eyes of the observer is 5 mm, and the distance between the display surface of the image display body and the first surface is 500 mm. In this case, the prospective angle of each of the left and right eyes is 0.6 °. Therefore, when the above angle range is 2 ° or more, it is possible to secure a viewing area that is twice or more of the expected angle, and stable image display can be performed. In this case, it is not necessary to excessively increase the number of parallax images. That is, this makes it easy to produce an image display body and suppresses a decrease in definition or brightness due to an increase in the number of parallax images.

  In the image display body according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the scattered light emitted from each of the plurality of element regions is a straight line connecting the left and right eyes of the observer under the condition that the observer perceives a stereoscopic image. The scattered light further diverges in the vertical second plane. In this way, even when the observation angle is changed within the second surface, a stereoscopic image can be observed in a wide range. That is, in this image display body, the change in the visibility of the stereoscopic image due to the change in the observation condition is less likely to occur.

  In the image display body according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the scattered light emitted from each of the plurality of element regions is 10 ° or more in the second surface under the condition that the observer perceives a stereoscopic image. It is the scattered light which diverges in the angle range. In this way, even when the observation angle is changed within the second surface, a stereoscopic image can be observed in a wide range. In addition, this makes it possible to perform stable white display even when scattered light based on diffracted light is emitted using a computer-generated hologram, which will be described later.

  In the image display body according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, each of the plurality of element regions includes a plurality of concave portions or convex portions that generate scattered light from illumination light incident under the illumination conditions described above. In this case, it is possible to easily design the emission direction of the scattered light by changing the configuration of the concave portions or the convex portions.

  In the image display body according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, under the condition that the observer perceives a stereoscopic image, the image display body is parallel to the intersection line between the plane perpendicular to the straight line connecting the left and right eyes of the observer and the display surface. When the direction is the vertical direction, the spatial frequency in the vertical direction of the plurality of recesses or projections is greater than zero in each of the plurality of element regions. In this case, it is possible to separate a condition that enables observation of non-scattered light such as regular reflection light and a condition that enables observation of scattered light that displays a parallax image. That is, in this case, when observing a stereoscopic image based on scattered light, it is difficult to suffer from the adverse effects of non-scattered light. Therefore, this image display body displays a high-quality stereoscopic image.

In the image display body according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the spatial frequency in the vertical direction of the plurality of concave portions or convex portions is 500 mm ⁻¹ or more. When the shortest wavelength of visible light is 400 nm, the separation angle formed by the emission direction of the scattered light having this wavelength emitted by the plurality of concave portions or the convex portions and the emission direction of the regular reflection light having this wavelength is 11.5 °. Therefore, when such a configuration is adopted, the separation angle can be set to 10 ° or more over the entire visible light wavelength range. Therefore, this image display body displays a higher-quality stereoscopic image.

  In the image display body according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the plurality of recesses or projections are a plurality of grooves or lines as a computer generated hologram. Scattered light can be emitted in a desired angle range set in advance to a plurality of grooves or lines as a computer generated hologram. In addition, when such a configuration is adopted, it is possible to suppress emission of noise light that does not contribute to the display of the stereoscopic image or adversely affects the display of the stereoscopic image. Therefore, this image display body displays a stereoscopic image with higher image quality.

  In the image display body according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, a part of the plurality of recesses or protrusions and the other part are different in depth or height. In this case, a part of the plurality of concave portions or convex portions and the other portion have different scattering efficiencies. Therefore, this image display body can perform gradation display. In addition, it is extremely difficult to analyze the distribution of a plurality of concave portions or convex portions having different depths or heights. Therefore, the image display body is particularly difficult to falsify or forge.

  In the image display body according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the size of the occupied area is different between a part of the plurality of recesses or protrusions and the other part. In this case, a part of the plurality of concave portions or convex portions and the other portion have different scattering efficiencies. Therefore, this image display body can perform gradation display. In this case, gradation display can be performed based only on the difference in the size of the occupied areas of the plurality of concave portions or convex portions. That is, this image display body can be produced relatively easily.

  An image display body according to a twelfth aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of pixels arranged in first and second directions that intersect each other. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a plurality of sub-pixels. In each of the plurality of pixels, the plurality of sub-pixels respectively constitute a part of the plurality of element regions. Employing such a configuration facilitates on-demand image display.

  An article according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention includes the image display body according to the first to twelfth aspects and a base material that supports the image display body. Therefore, this article displays a stereoscopic image with excellent image quality. Also, this article is difficult to falsify or counterfeit.

  In the article according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the substrate has a rough surface, and the image display body is attached to the rough surface. The image display emits scattered light that diverges in a first surface parallel to a straight line connecting the left and right eyes of the observer, and displays a stereoscopic image based on the scattered light. Therefore, compared with an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image based on non-divergent diffracted light using a diffraction grating or the like, this image display body can display a display caused by being attached to a rough surface. Hard to suffer from adverse effects. Therefore, this article can display a high-quality stereoscopic image while maintaining the texture of the rough surface of the substrate.

  The blank medium according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention is used for manufacturing an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image. This blank medium includes a plurality of pixels arranged in first and second directions intersecting each other. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a plurality of sub-pixels that emit scattered light having directivity in different directions under a specific illumination condition.

  This blank medium is used as follows, for example. That is, first, the scattering efficiency of the scattered light emitted from a plurality of subpixels is set to zero or reduced for a part of the plurality of subpixels. Thereby, the first parallax image is recorded. Secondly, with respect to other sub-pixels, the scattering efficiency of scattered light emitted by the sub-pixels is reduced to zero or reduced. Thereby, the second parallax image is recorded.

  Thus, a stereoscopic image based on a plurality of parallax images can be recorded on demand. In addition, this blank medium enables recording of a stereoscopic image based on scattered light. Therefore, this blank medium enables recording of a stereoscopic image with high image quality.

  The transfer foil according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention is used for manufacturing an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image. This transfer foil includes a transfer material layer and a support that supports the transfer material layer in a peelable manner. The transfer material layer includes a plurality of pixels arranged in first and second directions intersecting each other. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a plurality of sub-pixels that emit scattered light having directivity in different directions under a specific illumination condition.

  This transfer foil is used as follows, for example. That is, a part of the plurality of sub-pixels is transferred to the position where the first parallax image is to be displayed on the substrate, and the plurality of sub-pixels are moved to the position where the second parallax image is displayed on the substrate. Transcript part of

  This makes it possible to form an image display body that can display a desired stereoscopic image on demand. In addition, this transfer foil enables formation of an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image based on scattered light. Therefore, this transfer foil makes it possible to form an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image with high image quality.

1 is a plan view schematically showing an article according to one embodiment of the present invention. The top view which expands and shows a part of article | item shown in FIG. The top view which expands and shows a part of article | item shown in FIG. Sectional drawing along the IV-IV line of the article | item shown in FIG. The top view which expands and shows other one part of the articles | goods shown in FIG. The top view which expands and shows other one part of the articles | goods shown in FIG. The top view which expands and shows other one part of the articles | goods shown in FIG. The top view which expands and shows other one part of the articles | goods shown in FIG. The top view which shows one modification of a part of article | item shown in FIG. The figure which shows schematically the relationship of the intensity distribution of scattered light. Sectional drawing which shows the example of the structure employable as a part of article | item shown in FIG. The top view which shows the other example of the structure employable as a part of article | item shown in FIG. The top view which shows the other example of the structure employable as a part of article | item shown in FIG. FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an image obtained by Fourier transforming the structure shown in FIG. 13. The perspective view which shows the other example of the structure employable as a part of article | item shown in FIG. The perspective view which shows the other example of the structure employable as a part of article | item shown in FIG. The top view which shows roughly an example of the blank medium which can be used for manufacture of the articles | goods shown in FIG. Sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of blank medium shown in FIG. The top view which shows roughly an example of the transfer foil which can be used for manufacture of the article | item shown in FIG. The perspective view which shows schematically the article | item which concerns on the other aspect of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same referential mark is attached | subjected to the component which exhibits the same or similar function through all the drawings, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted. Here, “scattered light” includes divergent light emitted from a diffractive structure having a random phase.

FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing an article according to an aspect of the present invention.
An article 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a personal authentication medium and is a booklet such as a passport. FIG. 1 shows the booklet in an open state.

This article 100 includes a signature 1 and a cover 2.
The signature 1 is composed of one or more pieces of paper 11. Typically, a print pattern 12 such as a character string and a background pattern is provided on the paper piece 11. The signature 1 is formed by folding one paper piece 11 or a bundle of a plurality of paper pieces 11 into two. The paper piece 11 may include an IC (integrated circuit) chip in which personal information is recorded, an antenna that enables non-contact communication with the IC chip, and the like.

  The cover 2 is folded in half. The cover 2 and the signature 1 are overlapped so that the signature 1 is sandwiched by the cover 2 with the booklet closed, and are integrated by binding or the like at the positions of the folds.

  The cover 2 displays an image including personal information. This personal information includes personal authentication information used for personal authentication. This personal information can be classified into, for example, biological information and non-biological personal information.

  The biological information is unique to the individual among the characteristics of the biological body. Typically, biometric information is a feature that can be identified by optical techniques. For example, the biometric information is at least one image or pattern of a face, fingerprint, vein, and iris.

  Non-biological personal information is personal information other than biological information. For example, the non-biological personal information is at least one of name, date of birth, age, blood type, gender, nationality, address, permanent address, telephone number, affiliation, and status. The non-biological personal information may include characters input by typing, may include characters input by machine reading a handwriting such as a signature, or may include both of them. .

In FIG. 1, the cover 2 displays images I1a, I1b, I2 and I3.
The images I1a, I2 and I3 are images displayed using light absorption. Specifically, the images I1a, I2, and I3 are images that are visible when illuminated with white light and observed with the naked eye. One or more of the images I1a, I2 and I3 may be omitted.

  The images I1a, I2 and I3 can be composed of, for example, dyes and pigments. In this case, the images I1a, I2 and I3 can be formed by a thermal transfer recording method using a thermal head, an ink jet recording method, an electrophotographic method, or a combination of two or more thereof. Alternatively, the images I1a, I2 and I3 can be formed by forming a layer containing a thermal color former and drawing on this layer with a laser beam. Alternatively, a combination of these methods can be used. At least a part of the images I2 and I3 may be formed by a thermal transfer recording method using a hot stamp, may be formed by a printing method, or may be formed using a combination thereof.

The image I1b is a stereoscopic image displayed by an image display body described later.
The images I1a and I1b include face images of the same person. The face image included in the image I1a and the face image included in the image I1b may be the same or different. The face image included in the image I1a and the face image included in the image I1b may have the same or different dimensions. Each of the images I1a and I1b may include other biological information instead of the face image, and may further include biological information other than the face image in addition to the face image.

The image I 1b may include non-biological personal information instead of the biological information, and may further include non-biological personal information in addition to the biological information. Further, the image I 1b may include non-personal information instead of personal information, and may further include non-personal information in addition to the personal information.

  The image I2 includes non-biological personal information and non-personal information. The image I2 forms, for example, one or more of characters, symbols, codes, and marks.

The image I3 is a background pattern. For example, the combination of at least one of the image I3 and the image I 1a and I 1b, can be more difficult tampering of article 100.

Next, the structure of the cover 2 will be described.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view showing a part of the personal authentication medium shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a part of the article shown in FIG. 1 further enlarged. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the article shown in FIG. 3 taken along line IV-IV. The structure shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is a portion corresponding to the image I1b in the cover 2.

As shown in FIG. 4, the cover 2 includes a cover main body 21 and an image display body 22.
The cover body 21 is a base material of the article 100 and is typically a piece of paper. The cover main body 21 may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. The cover body 21 is folded in half so as to sandwich the signature 1 in a state where the article 100 is closed.

  The image display body 22 is a layer having a multilayer structure. The image display body 22 is affixed to the main surface of the cover body 21 that faces the signature 1 when the article 100 is closed.

  The image display body 22 includes an image display layer (not shown) that displays at least a part of the images I1a, I2 and I3. The image displayed by the image display layer typically includes an image I1a.

  The image display layer displays at least a part of the images I1a, I2 and I3 using light absorption. The image display layer has a pattern shape corresponding to at least a part of the images I1a, I2 and I3. This image display layer can be composed of at least one of a dye and a pigment and an arbitrary resin. Such an image display layer can be obtained, for example, by using a thermal transfer recording method using a thermal head, an ink jet recording method, an electrophotographic method, or a combination of two or more thereof. Further, at least a part of the image display layer may be formed by a thermal transfer recording method using a hot stamp, may be formed by a printing method, or may be formed by using a combination thereof.

  This image display layer may not be patterned. That is, the image display layer may be a continuous film. In this case, the image display layer can be obtained, for example, by forming a layer containing a heat-sensitive color former and drawing on this layer with a laser beam.

  This image display layer can be omitted. For example, the image display layer may be provided on the cover body 21 without being a component of the image display body 22.

As shown in FIG. 4, the image display body 22 further includes an image display layer 220 a and a protective layer 227.
The image display layer 220 a includes a scattering structure forming layer 223, a reflective layer 224, and an adhesive layer 225.

  The scattering structure forming layer 223 is a transparent layer having a structure (hereinafter also referred to as a scattering structure) capable of emitting scattered light having directivity under a specific illumination condition on one main surface. is there. The scattering structure forming layer 223 includes first and second portions that emit the scattered light in different directions under a specific illumination condition. 3 and 4 illustrate, as an example, a case in which each of the first and second portions includes a plurality of grooves arranged irregularly and the length directions of the grooves are different from each other. The optical effect resulting from such a configuration will be described in detail later.

  Examples of the material of the scattering structure forming layer 223 include thermoplastic resins such as polyurethane resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, and polyvinyl chloride resin, unsaturated polyester resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, urethane acrylate, urethane methacrylate, and polyol acrylate. Thermosetting resins such as polyol methacrylate, melamine acrylate, melamine methacrylate, triazine acrylate and triazine methacrylate, mixtures thereof, or thermoformable materials having radically polymerizable unsaturated groups can be used. The scattering structure forming layer 223 may be formed using a photocurable resin.

  The reflective layer 224 is formed on the scattering structure forming layer 223. The reflective layer 224 covers at least a part of the surface of the scattering structure forming layer 223 where the scattering structure is provided. Although the reflective layer 224 can be omitted, when the reflective layer 224 is provided, the visibility of an image displayed by the diffraction structure is improved.

  As the reflective layer 224, a transparent reflective layer or an opaque metal reflective layer can be used. The reflective layer 224 can be formed by, for example, a vacuum film forming method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering. When the reflective layer 224 includes a resin, the reflective layer 224 may be formed by applying or printing.

  When a transparent reflective layer is used as the reflective layer 224, even when a pattern such as a pattern and characters is arranged on the back side of the reflective layer 224, this can be viewed from the front side of the image display body 22. On the other hand, when an opaque metal reflection layer is used as the reflection layer 224, it is possible to display an image with high luminance and excellent visibility.

  As the transparent reflective layer, for example, a layer made of a transparent material having a refractive index different from that of the scattering structure forming layer 223 can be used. The transparent reflective layer made of a transparent material may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. In the latter case, the transparent reflective layer may be designed so as to repeatedly cause reflection interference. As this transparent material, for example, a transparent dielectric such as zinc sulfide and titanium dioxide can be used.

  Alternatively, a metal layer having a thickness of less than 20 nm may be used as the transparent reflective layer. As a material of the metal layer, for example, a single metal such as chromium, nickel, aluminum, iron, titanium, silver, gold, and copper, or an alloy thereof can be used.

  As the opaque metal reflection layer, the same metal layer as described above for the transparent reflection layer can be used except that it is thicker. The opaque metal reflective layer may be a continuous film. Alternatively, the opaque metal reflective layer may be patterned. For example, at least a part of the opaque metal reflective layer may be patterned to display halftone dots, lines, other graphics, or a combination thereof on the image display body 22. Such a pattern can be used for authenticity determination of the image display body 22 or the article 100, for example.

  A layer containing a transparent resin and particles dispersed therein may be used as the transparent reflective layer or the opaque reflective layer. As the particles, for example, particles made of a metal material such as a single metal and an alloy, or particles made of a transparent dielectric such as a transparent metal oxide and a transparent resin can be used. In the transparent resin, flakes may be dispersed instead of dispersing the particles.

  The adhesive layer 225 is interposed between the reflective layer 224 and the cover body 21. The adhesive layer 225 is made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin.

  Examples of the material of the adhesive layer 225 include urethane resins, butyral resins, polyester resins, polyvinyl chloride resins such as polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, chlorinated polypropylene, and acrylic resins. , Polystyrene, polyvinylbenzene, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin, vinyl resins such as polyvinyl resins obtained from styrene and alkyl methacrylate (wherein the alkyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms), rubber-based materials, or these Mixtures containing two or more can be used.

  For the adhesive layer 225, higher fatty acids such as wax and stearic acid, metal salts and esters thereof, plasticizers, organic fillers made of organic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, silicone resins and polyacrylonitrile, and silica, etc. One or more inorganic fillers made of an inorganic material may be added.

  The adhesive layer 225 may be a component of the image display body 22 or may not be a component of the image display body 22. Further, the adhesive layer 225 can be omitted.

  The protective layer 227 covers the image display layer 220a. The protective layer 227 has optical transparency and is typically transparent. The protective layer 227 can be omitted.

  The protective layer 227 is made of, for example, a resin such as a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and an ultraviolet ray or an electrosetting resin. When the image display body 22 is affixed to the cover main body 21 using a transfer foil, it is preferable to use a thermoplastic resin from the viewpoint of flexibility and foil breakability.

  Examples of this thermoplastic resin include polyacrylate resin, chlorinated rubber resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, cellulose resin, chlorinated polypropylene resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, nitrocellulose resin, A thylene acrylate resin, a polyether resin, a polycarbonate resin, or a mixture thereof can be used. In consideration of foil cutting properties and abrasion resistance, this resin includes waxes such as petroleum waxes and plant waxes, higher fatty acids such as stearic acid, metal salts thereof, esters and silicone oils and other lubricants, polytetrafluoroethylene One or more of an organic filler made of an organic material such as polyethylene, silicone resin and polyacrylonitrile, and an inorganic filler made of an inorganic material such as silica may be added.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the image display body 22 includes a plurality of pixels PE. These pixels PE are arranged in the X and Y directions intersecting each other. That is, these pixels PE are adjacent to each other along the X and Y directions. These pixels PE may be adjacent to each other or may be separated from each other. FIG. 2 shows a case where these pixels PE are adjacent to each other along the X and Y directions as an example.

  The X and Y directions are parallel to the main surface of the cover body 21. The angle formed by the X direction and the Y direction is arbitrary. Here, as an example, it is assumed that the X and Y directions are orthogonal.

  The pixels PE typically have the same shape and dimensions. The pixels PE have small dimensions and typically cannot be distinguished from each other when viewed with the naked eye. For example, the dimension of each pixel PE in the X direction is about 50 μm.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the pixel PE included in the image display body 22 will be described in detail.
5 to 8 are enlarged plan views showing another part of the article shown in FIG. 5 to 8 show examples of the pixel PE included in the image display body 22.

  Each of the plurality of pixels PE included in the image display body 22 includes a first sub-pixel SPE1 and a second sub-pixel SPE2, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIGS. In these drawings, as an example, the case where the sub-pixels SPE1 and SPE2 are adjacent to each other in the X direction is illustrated. The boundary between the pixels PE adjacent in the X direction corresponds to the boundary between the first and second portions described above with respect to the scattering structure forming layer 223.

  In the pixel PE shown in FIG. 3, the first sub-pixel SPE1 includes a plurality of first grooves G1 that emit scattered light having directivity under a specific illumination condition. Further, in this pixel PE, the second sub-pixel SPE2 has a plurality of second grooves for emitting scattered light having directivity in a direction different from that of the first sub-pixel SPE1 under the above illumination conditions. Consists of G2.

  In the pixel PE shown in FIG. 5, the first sub-pixel SPE1 does not include a plurality of first grooves G1. On the other hand, in the pixel PE, the second sub-pixel SPE2 includes a plurality of second grooves G2. In the pixel PE shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C, the first sub-pixel SPE1 does not include a plurality of first grooves G1. On the other hand, in these pixels PE, the second sub-pixel SPE2 partially includes a plurality of second grooves G2. That is, in these pixels PE, the second sub-pixel SPE2 includes a region composed of a plurality of second grooves G2 and another region that does not include the plurality of second grooves G2.

  In the pixel PE shown in FIG. 7, the first sub-pixel SPE1 includes a plurality of first grooves G1. On the other hand, in this pixel PE, the second sub-pixel SPE2 does not include a plurality of second grooves G2. In the pixel PE shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, the first sub-pixel SPE1 partially includes a plurality of first grooves G1. That is, in these pixels PE, the first sub-pixel SPE1 includes a region composed of a plurality of first grooves G1 and another region that does not include the plurality of second grooves G2. On the other hand, in these pixels PE, the second sub-pixel SPE2 does not include a plurality of second grooves G2.

  As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5 to 8, the first sub-pixel SP <b> 1 includes a plurality of first grooves G <b> 1, partially includes these grooves G <b> 1, or includes these grooves G <b> 1. Absent. In addition, the second sub-pixel SP2 includes a plurality of second grooves G2, partially includes these grooves G2, or does not include these grooves G2. Each of the pixels PE includes any combination of the first subpixel SPE1 and the second subpixel SPE2.

  The first sub-pixel SPE1 constitutes a first element region that displays a first parallax image under a specific illumination condition. This first parallax image is, for example, an image that is visually recognized by the right eye of the observer.

  The second sub-pixel SPE2 constitutes a second element region that displays the second parallax image under a specific illumination condition. This second parallax image is, for example, an image that is visually recognized by the left eye of the observer.

  As described above, the image display body 22 includes the first element region that displays the first parallax image under the specific illumination condition, and the second element region that displays the second parallax image under the illumination condition. Is included. Therefore, the image display 22 displays a stereoscopic image under a specific illumination condition.

  Scattered light emitted from each of the first and second element regions is scattered in a first plane parallel to a straight line connecting the left and right eyes of the observer under the condition that the observer perceives a stereoscopic image. Light. This scattered light has a wider viewing range than non-divergent diffracted light emitted from a diffraction grating or the like. Therefore, in the image display body 22, the change in the visibility of the stereoscopic image due to the change in the observation condition is difficult to occur. That is, the image display body 22 displays a stereoscopic image with high image quality.

  Further, as described above, the cover main body 21 is typically a piece of paper. That is, the article 100 shown in FIG. 1 typically uses paper as the base material. The paper typically has a rough surface. Therefore, the image display body 22 is typically affixed on the rough surface of the base material.

  When the image display body that displays a stereoscopic image based on non-divergent diffracted light using a diffraction grating or the like is attached to a rough surface, the present inventors produce local shading and color change, and the stereoscopic image It has been found that image quality may be adversely affected. On the other hand, since the image display body 22 has a scattering structure, the image display body 22 is caused to be attached to a rough surface as compared with an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image based on non-divergent diffracted light. Hard to suffer from adverse effects on the display. Therefore, the article 100 can display a stereoscopic image with high image quality while maintaining the texture of the rough surface of the substrate.

  Here, the “rough surface” means a surface having an arithmetic average roughness Ra measured in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard JIS B0601: 2001 (international standard ISO 4287: 1997) in the range of 1 to 10 μm. I decided to.

  A rough surface such as paper typically has a concavo-convex structure having a large period, that is, undulation. For example, when the surface of the paper whose arithmetic average roughness Ra is about 2.0 μm is examined, the main component of this undulation has a period of about 0.1 to 1.0 mm, and the depth of the unevenness is It was about 0.01 to 0.5 mm. This depth is larger than, for example, the height or depth of a diffraction grating used in an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image based on non-divergent diffracted light. Therefore, an image display using such a diffraction grating is relatively susceptible to the adverse effect on the display caused by being attached to a rough surface.

The scattered light emitted from each of the first and second element regions is, for example, scattered light that diverges in an angle range of 2 to 7 ° within the first surface.
It is assumed that the length of a line segment connecting the left and right eyes of the observer is 65 mm, and the distance between the display surface of the image display body 22 and the first surface is 500 mm. In this case, the angle formed by the eyes of the left and right eyes of the observer is about 7.4 °. Therefore, if the above angle range is 7 ° or less, the scattered light emitted from each of the first and second element regions does not enter the left and right eyes simultaneously. Therefore, in this way, it is possible to prevent the parallax image to be viewed by one eye from becoming noise of the parallax image to be viewed by the other eye. That is, in this way, the image quality of the stereoscopic image can be improved.

  On the other hand, it is assumed that the entrance pupil diameter of each of the left and right eyes of the observer is 5 mm, and the distance between the display surface of the image display body 22 and the first surface is 500 mm. In this case, the prospective angle of each of the left and right eyes is 0.6 °. Therefore, when the above angle range is 2 ° or more, it is possible to secure a viewing area that is twice or more of the expected angle, and stable image display can be performed. In this case, it is not necessary to excessively increase the number of parallax images. That is, in this way, the image display body 22 can be easily manufactured, and deterioration in image quality due to a reduction in resolution of the parallax image can be suppressed.

  Further, the scattered light emitted from each of the first and second element regions is further transmitted in a second plane perpendicular to a straight line connecting the left and right eyes of the observer under the condition that the observer perceives a stereoscopic image. It may be scattered light that diverges. In this case, even when the observation angle is changed in the second surface, a stereoscopic image can be observed in a wide range. That is, in this case, the change in the visibility of the stereoscopic image due to the change in the viewing condition can be further prevented.

  When the scattered light emitted from each of the first and second element regions is scattered light that further diverges in the second surface, the angular range of the scattered light in the second surface is, for example, 10 ° or more. To do. If this angle range is less than 10 °, it may be difficult to perform stable white display when scattered light based on diffracted light is emitted using a computer generated hologram or the like to be described later.

  The “angle range of scattered light” is determined as follows. That is, a range in which scattered light having an intensity of 10% or more of the maximum intensity of the scattered light is emitted within a certain plane is defined as the above-described angle range.

  Each of the first and second element regions includes a plurality of grooves as a scattering structure as described above. Under the condition that the observer perceives a stereoscopic image, the direction parallel to the line of intersection between the surface perpendicular to the straight line connecting the left and right eyes of the observer and the display surface is defined as the vertical direction. This vertical direction is, for example, parallel to the Y direction in FIGS.

  At this time, in each of the first and second element regions, the spatial frequency in the vertical direction of the plurality of grooves is typically made larger than zero. By doing this, it is possible to separate a condition that enables observation of non-scattered light such as specularly reflected light and a condition that enables observation of scattered light that displays a parallax image. That is, in this way, when observing a stereoscopic image based on scattered light, it is possible to suppress an adverse effect due to non-scattered light. Therefore, this makes it possible to display a high-quality stereoscopic image on the image display body 22.

The spatial frequency in the vertical direction of the plurality of grooves is, for example, 500 mm ⁻¹ or more. Assuming that the shortest wavelength of visible light is 400 nm, the separation angle formed by the emission direction of the scattered light having this wavelength emitted by the plurality of grooves and the emission direction of the regular reflection light having this wavelength is 11.5 °. Therefore, when such a configuration is adopted, the separation angle can be set to 10 ° or more over the entire visible light wavelength range. Therefore, in this way, the image display 22 displays a higher-quality stereoscopic image.

  Here, “the direction of emission of scattered light” means the direction of emission of the component constituting the scattered light having the maximum intensity.

  At least one of the plurality of grooves provided in each of the first and second element regions may be designed by, for example, a computer generated hologram method. That is, each of the first and second element regions may include a plurality of grooves as a computer generated hologram. In this case, the scattered light can be emitted to each of the first and second element regions in a predetermined desired angle range. In addition, when such a configuration is adopted, it is possible to suppress emission of noise light that does not contribute to the display of the stereoscopic image or adversely affects the display of the stereoscopic image.

  As the computer generated hologram, for example, a kinoform is used. In this way, since the display of the conjugate image can be suppressed, a high-quality stereoscopic image can be displayed on the image display body 22. Alternatively, a binary computer generated hologram may be used as the computer generated hologram. Even in this case, a high-quality stereoscopic image can be displayed on the image display body 22 by designing so that the reproduced image and the conjugate image are not observed simultaneously.

  When a computer generated hologram is used, wavelength dispersion occurs due to light diffraction. Hereinafter, the diffraction phenomenon due to the fine periodic structure will be described using a diffraction grating as an example.

  If the regular reflection angle of the illumination light is α, the emission angle of the first-order diffracted light diffracted by the diffraction grating is β, the wavelength of the light is λ, and the pitch of the diffraction grating (reciprocal of the spatial frequency) is d, the following equation holds.

λ = d {sin (α) −sin (β)}
That is, when white light is incident on a diffraction grating having a specific angle | α | and a pitch d, the first-order diffracted light is emitted at a different emission angle β for each wavelength λ.

  When this diffraction grating is illuminated with white light, when the diffraction grating is observed from a specific observation direction, a specific wavelength among visible wavelengths is observed, and a specific color can be recognized. Therefore, when the position of the light source that emits white light and the diffraction grating is fixed and the observation angle is gradually changed, the diffraction grating appears to change from rainbow to red in the range from red to blue.

  The computer generated hologram has a diffractive structure having a random phase. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to emit light in which diffracted light having various wavelengths λ is mixed in a desired angle range. That is, when a computer generated hologram is used, for example, white light can be emitted in a specific angle range.

  When the plurality of grooves provided in each of the first and second element regions is a computer generated hologram, the scattered light emitted from the computer generated hologram is typically scattered light further diverging in the second surface. is there. In this case, the angle range of the scattered light in the second surface is, for example, 10 ° or more. In this way, stable white display can be performed. On the other hand, if the angle range of scattered light in the second surface is 9 ° or less, coloring caused by diffracted light may be observed under a normal indoor light source. That is, this may adversely affect the white display.

  Although the case where each of the plurality of pixels PE includes two subpixels SPE1 and SPE2 has been described above, the number of subpixels included in each of the pixels PE may be three or more.

  FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a modification of a part of the article shown in FIG. FIG. 9 shows a pixel PE according to a modification of the pixel shown in FIG.

  The pixel PE shown in FIG. 9 includes a first sub-pixel SPE1, a second sub-pixel SPE2, a third sub-pixel SPE3, and a fourth sub-pixel SPE4. In FIG. 9, as an example, a case where these sub-pixels SPE1 to SPE4 are adjacent to each other in the X direction is illustrated.

  Each of the sub-pixels SPE1 to SPE4 includes a scattering structure that emits directional scattered light in different directions under a specific illumination condition. Of the sub-pixels SPE1 to SPE4, those having this scattering structure constitute first to fourth element regions for displaying first to fourth parallax images under specific illumination conditions, respectively.

  Here, a case is considered where the observation position of the image display body 22 is gradually changed along the X direction shown in FIG. In this case, first, the stereoscopic image can be observed by the fourth parallax image being visually recognized by the left eye of the observer and the third parallax image being visually recognized by the observer's right eye. Secondly, a stereoscopic image can be observed by the third parallax image being visually recognized by the left eye of the observer and the second parallax image being visually recognized by the right eye of the observer. Third, a stereoscopic image can be observed by the second parallax image being visually recognized by the viewer's left eye and the first parallax image being visually recognized by the viewer's right eye. As described above, when the configuration illustrated in FIG. 9 is employed, the image display body 22 can display a stereoscopic image that is visible in a wider angle range.

  Each of the first to fourth element regions typically emits scattered light so that the angular ranges in the first surface partially overlap. In this way, when the observation angle is continuously changed, each parallax image can be visually recognized by the left and right eyes. That is, in this way, when the observation angle is continuously changed, the possibility that the stereoscopic image cannot be suddenly visually recognized can be suppressed. Therefore, when such a configuration is adopted, it is possible to display a stereoscopic image with particularly little flickering.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship of the intensity distribution of scattered light. FIG. 10 schematically shows an intensity distribution in a specific plane of scattered light emitted from each element region. FIG. 10 illustrates, as an example, an intensity distribution C2 of scattered light emitted from the second element region and an intensity distribution C1 of scattered light emitted from the first element region.

  The “specific surface” for measuring the intensity distribution is parallel to the display surface of the image display body 22 among the first surfaces parallel to the straight line connecting the left and right eyes of the observer, and from this display surface. Assume that the distance is a surface of 500 mm. Hereinafter, this “specific surface” is referred to as a “third surface”.

  The intensity of each scattered light at the intersection IS of the intensity distributions C2 and C1 is typically 10% or more of the maximum intensity of the scattered light. That is, each of the first and second element regions typically emits scattered light so that the angular ranges in the third plane partially overlap. The intensity of each scattered light at the intersection IS of the intensity distributions C2 and C1 is typically 50% or less of the maximum intensity of the scattered light. If this intensity is excessively large, the overlapping of the angular range of the scattered light emitted from each element region becomes large, and the image may be blurred. In other words, this may cause a reduction in image quality due to a decrease in contrast.

  Here, the case where each of the pixels PE includes four sub-pixels SPE1 to SPE4 has been described. However, if the number of sub-pixels included in each of the pixels PE is three or more, the above-described effect is achieved. can do.

  In the pixel PE described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9, the plurality of sub-pixels are adjacent to each other in the X direction. However, as described above, the pixels PE have small dimensions and typically cannot be distinguished from each other when viewed with the naked eye. Therefore, the arrangement of the sub-pixels in the pixel PE is arbitrary. For example, the plurality of sub-pixels may be adjacent to each other in the Y direction.

Various modifications can be made to the scattering structure of the pixel PE.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a structure that can be adopted for a part of the article shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is a plan view showing another example of a structure that can be adopted for a part of the article shown in FIG.

  11A and 11B illustrate a laminated structure of the scattering structure forming layer 223 and the reflective layer 224. FIG. In the structure shown in FIG. 11B, the depth or height of the plurality of grooves is smaller than that in the structure shown in FIG. Therefore, the structure shown in FIG. 11B enables display of a darker image as compared with the structure shown in FIG. Therefore, gradation display can be performed by using a combination of these structures. In addition, it is extremely difficult to analyze the distribution of a plurality of grooves having different depths or heights. Therefore, in this way, it is possible to form the image display body 22 that is particularly difficult to falsify or forge.

  FIGS. 12A and 12B show examples of the distribution of a plurality of grooves in the sub-pixel. In the subpixel shown in FIG. 12A, the occupied area of the plurality of grooves in the subpixel is 100%. On the other hand, in the subpixel shown in FIG. 12B, the area occupied by the plurality of grooves in the subpixel is 50%. In this way, the luminance of the image to be displayed can be easily adjusted by making the occupied areas of the plurality of grooves occupying the sub-pixels different. Moreover, gradation display can be performed by using a combination of these structures. In addition, in this case, gradation display can be performed based only on the difference in size of the occupied areas of the plurality of grooves. That is, in this case, the image display body 22 capable of gradation display can be manufactured relatively easily.

  FIG. 13 is a plan view showing another example of a structure that can be adopted for a part of the article shown in FIG. FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an image obtained by Fourier transform of the structure shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIGS. 13 and 14, the plurality of grooves shown in FIG. 13 emits scattered light having directivity in the direction perpendicular to the X direction shown in FIG. 13 when irradiated with illumination light. Can do. Therefore, a structure as shown in FIG. 13 can also be adopted as the scattering structure.

  Although the case where a plurality of grooves are used as the scattering structure has been described above, the scattering structure may have other configurations. For example, a plurality of streaks may be used as the scattering structure. Or you may use several recessed part or convex part other than a groove | channel or a line | wire as a scattering structure. Alternatively, a configuration other than a plurality of concave portions or convex portions may be adopted as the scattering structure.

15 and 16 are perspective views showing other examples of structures that can be employed in a part of the article shown in FIG.
The structure shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 includes a plurality of convex portions. Each of the plurality of convex portions has a shape extending in one direction. The plurality of convex portions are typically aligned in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, these plurality of convex portions enable emission of scattered light having directivity.

  The structure shown in FIG. 15 includes a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped convex portions P1 on the reference plane SF. The length of the long side of the plurality of convex portions P1 is, for example, greater than 1 time and less than 5 times the length of the short side. The long sides of the plurality of convex portions P1 are parallel to the X direction. That is, the plurality of convex portions P1 are anisotropic in the X direction. Therefore, the plurality of convex portions P1 can emit scattered light having directivity in a direction perpendicular to the X direction under a specific illumination condition.

  The structure shown in FIG. 16 includes a plurality of convex portions P2 having an elliptic cylinder shape on the reference plane SF. The length of the major axis of the plurality of convex portions P2 is, for example, greater than one time and less than five times the length of the minor axis. The major axes of the plurality of convex portions P2 are parallel to the X direction. That is, the plurality of convex portions P2 have anisotropy in the X direction. Therefore, the plurality of convex portions P2 can emit scattered light having directivity in a direction perpendicular to the X direction under a specific illumination condition.

Next, a method for manufacturing the article 100 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 17 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a blank medium that can be used for manufacturing the article shown in FIG. 18 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the blank medium shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 18, the blank medium 200 includes a protective layer 227, a scattering structure forming layer 223, and a reflective layer 224. As these layers, for example, the same configuration as described above with reference to FIG. 4 is adopted.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the blank medium 200 includes a plurality of pixels PE arranged in the X and Y directions intersecting each other. Each of the plurality of pixels PE includes sub-pixels SPE1 and SPE2. Each of these sub-pixels SPE1 and SPE2 emits scattered light having directivity in different directions under a specific illumination condition. As these pixels PE and sub-pixels SPE1 and SPE2, for example, the same configuration as described above with reference to FIG. 3 is adopted.

  In manufacturing the article 100, for example, first, a person's face is photographed simultaneously from different directions using a plurality of imaging devices. This face image is subjected to image processing as necessary.

  Next, a laser beam is irradiated to some of the plurality of first sub-pixels SPE1. Accordingly, a part or all of the scattering structure is deformed or destroyed with respect to some of the plurality of first sub-pixels SPE1. In this way, the scattering efficiency of the scattered light emitted from the first subpixel SPE1 is set to zero or reduced for some of the plurality of first subpixels SPE1. Thereby, a first element region for displaying the first parallax image under a specific illumination condition is formed.

  In addition, a laser beam is also applied to some of the plurality of second sub-pixels SPE2. Thereby, a part or all of the scattering structure is deformed or destroyed with respect to a part of the plurality of second sub-pixels SPE2. In this way, the scattering efficiency of the scattered light emitted by the second subpixel SPE2 is set to zero or reduced for a part of the plurality of second subpixels SPE2. Thereby, the 2nd element field which displays the 2nd parallax picture under specific lighting conditions is formed.

  Next, the obtained structure is attached to the cover body 21 through the adhesive layer 225. Thereafter, necessary steps are appropriately performed. In this way, the article 100 is obtained.

  According to this method, a stereoscopic image based on a plurality of parallax images can be recorded on demand. Therefore, this method is particularly useful in applications such as personal authentication media that require individual images to be recorded in small amounts. In addition, gradation can be given to a stereoscopic image by making the area of a portion that deforms or destroys the scattering structure different among a plurality of subpixels. In this way, a higher quality stereoscopic image can be obtained.

  In the above description, the method of using the laser beam to perform the step of reducing or reducing the scattering efficiency of the scattered light has been described. However, this step may be performed using an energy beam other than the laser beam. For example, this step may be performed by irradiating a charged particle beam such as an electron beam. According to the electron beam drawing apparatus, a smaller beam diameter can be achieved as compared with the laser. Therefore, for example, when the size of the sub-pixel is small, higher image quality can be achieved when electron beam irradiation is used compared to when a laser beam is used.

  The step of reducing or reducing the scattering efficiency of the scattered light may be performed by other methods. For example, this step may be performed by deforming or destroying the scattering structure using heating and / or pressing means such as a thermal head. Alternatively, this step may be performed by supplying a liquid capable of dissolving the material of the scattering structure forming layer 223 onto the scattering structure using an inkjet method or the like. Alternatively, this step may be performed by supplying a material having the same refractive index or a small difference in refractive index as the material of the scattering structure forming layer 223 onto the scattering structure using an inkjet method or the like. Or you may perform this process by supplying light absorbers, such as black ink, on a scattering structure using an inkjet method.

FIG. 19 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a transfer foil that can be used for manufacturing the article shown in FIG.
A transfer foil 201 shown in FIG. 19 includes a transfer material layer 220a ′ as a blank medium and a support 221 that supports the transfer material layer 220a ′ so as to be peelable.

  The support body 221 is, for example, a resin film or a sheet. The support 221 is made of a material having excellent heat resistance such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A release layer containing, for example, a fluororesin or a silicone resin may be provided on the main surface supporting the transfer material layer 220a 'of the support 221.

  The transfer material layer 220 a ′ includes a protective layer 227, a scattering structure forming layer 223, and a reflective layer 224. The protective layer 227, the scattering structure forming layer 223, and the reflective layer 224 are formed on the support 221 in this order. As these layers, for example, the same configuration as described above with reference to FIG. 4 is adopted. The whole or a part of the transfer material layer 220a 'is used for manufacturing the image display layer 220a.

In manufacturing the article 100, first, for example, a face image is obtained in the same manner as described above.
Next, a part of the transfer material layer 220a ′ is transferred onto the cover body 21 using a heating and / or pressurizing means such as a thermal head. Specifically, a part of the plurality of first sub-pixels is transferred to a position on the cover body 21 where the first parallax image is to be displayed, and the second parallax image is displayed on the cover body 21. A part of the plurality of second sub-pixels is transferred to the position to be made. This transfer may be performed after the adhesive layer 225 is formed on the reflective layer 224.

  In this way, the image display layer 220a is formed on the cover body 21. Thereafter, necessary steps are appropriately performed. In this way, the article 100 is obtained.

  According to this method, a stereoscopic image based on a plurality of parallax images can be recorded on demand. Therefore, this method is particularly useful in applications such as personal authentication media that require individual images to be recorded in small amounts. Further, gradation can be imparted to the stereoscopic image by making the area of the portion transferred onto the cover main body 21 different between the plurality of sub-pixels. In this way, a higher quality stereoscopic image can be obtained.

  Although the image display body 22 including a plurality of pixels PE has been described above, the image display body 22 may not have such a configuration. That is, if the image display body 22 includes a plurality of element regions that emit scattered light having directivity in different directions under a specific illumination condition and each display a parallax image. Good. Therefore, the image display body 22 may be manufactured, for example, by preparing an original plate having a structure corresponding to the plurality of element regions, and forming the scattering structure forming layer 223 using the original plate.

  The article 100 as the passport has been exemplified above, but the technology described above for the article 100 can be applied to other articles. For example, this technique can be applied to various cards such as a visa and an ID card. Alternatively, this technique can also be applied to securities such as banknotes and gift certificates.

  The material of the base material to which the image display body 22 is attached may not be paper such as natural paper and synthetic paper. For example, the material of the base material to which the image display 22 is pasted is a synthetic resin such as polyethylene terephthalate resin (thermoplastic PET), polyvinyl chloride resin, thermosetting polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polymethacrylic resin and polystyrene resin, glass, and the like. It may be ceramics such as ceramics and porcelain, or metal materials such as simple metals and alloys.

  In the above, a personal authentication medium such as a passport is exemplified as the article. However, the technology described above for the article 100 can also be applied to an article other than the personal authentication medium. That is, the above-described technique may be used for purposes other than personal authentication. For example, this technique may be used for packaging applications.

  FIG. 20 is a perspective view schematically showing an article according to another aspect of the present invention. An article 300 shown in FIG. 20 is a product package. An image display body 22 capable of displaying a stereoscopic image is attached to the article 300 based on the above-described configuration. Therefore, for example, by displaying a logo mark, a product name, and the like as a stereoscopic image on the image display body 22, it is possible to strongly attract the attention of the consumer. Further, when the image display body 22 is used, even when the article 300 includes a rough surface such as paper, a stereoscopic image with high image quality can be displayed on the object 300.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Signature, 2 ... Cover, 11 ... Paper piece, 12 ... Print pattern, 21 ... Cover body, 22 ... Image display body, 100 ... Article, 200 ... Blank medium, 201 ... Transfer foil, 220a ... Image display layer, 220a '... transfer material layer 221 ... support layer, 223 ... scattering structure forming layer, 224 ... reflection layer, 225 ... adhesive layer, 227 ... protective layer 300 ... article, C1 ... intensity distribution, C2 ... intensity distribution, G1 ... groove G2 ... groove, I1a ... image, I1b ... image, I2 ... image, I3 ... image, IS ... intersection, PE ... pixel, P1 ... convex, P2 ... convex, SF ... reference plane, SPE1 ... first subpixel , SPE2 ... second subpixel, SPE3 ... third subpixel, SPE4 ... fourth subpixel.

Claims (2)

A blank medium used for manufacturing an image display for displaying a stereoscopic image, comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in first and second directions intersecting each other, each of the plurality of pixels having a specific illumination condition A blank medium including a plurality of sub-pixels that emit scattered light having directivity in different directions. A transfer foil used for manufacturing an image display body that displays a stereoscopic image, comprising a transfer material layer and a support that releasably supports the transfer material layer, and the transfer material layers intersect each other. A plurality of pixels arranged in first and second directions, each of the plurality of pixels emitting a plurality of sub-lights that emit scattered light having directivity in different directions under a specific illumination condition; Transfer foil containing pixels.

Images