JP5604099B2 - 生理信号処理装置及び関連する処理方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明の処理装置及びボードは、多数の異なるモニタリング用途、例えば、外来患者(ambulatory subject)のモニタリング、診療所又は病院における患者のモニタリング、生理学及び医療研究、薬学的評価などを対象にした生理モニタリングシステムにおいて有用な要素である。特に、移動性の用途(ambulatory applications)は、病気のモニタリング及び病気の治療、消防士、兵士、及び類似の立場にある対象のモニタリング、運動競技、体育などに関係するモニタリングを含む。ここでは、人間モニタリング用途について説明されるが、本発明の装置は、動物のモニタリング、例えば、獣医の利用においても有用である。
デジタル回路を使用して同時に及び/又はパイプライン方式で生理センサー信号を処理する本発明に従う、小型で、低電力な処理装置は、多数の命令や多数のブール(multiple Boolean)及び多数のデータアイテム上の他の機能を同時に実行することが可能である。これらの処理機能は、しばしば“multiple−instruction−multiple−data”又はMIMDと称される。「同時タスク処理(“concurrent task processing”)」という用語は、ここでは、タスクが同時に処理されるように各瞬間での多数のタスクの処理への言及に使用される。これは、短い時間でただ一つのタスクの一部分を処理し、それから別のタスクの一部分の処理に切り替えることにより同時タスク処理を錯覚させる単一インストラクション装置(single instruction device)による処理−そのようなタスク処理は本当に同時ではなく、タスクは実際には同じ時間に処理されているわけではない−とは区別される。
この表において、以下の略語が使用されている:LD=低精細(low definition)、hrave4=平均心拍数(heart rate average)、HD=ハイデフィニション(high definition)、ambtemp=URBボードの温度、RP=呼吸速度、HR LD(average4)=直前の2ECG PR間隔のロウデフィニション平均、MAC=乗算し、累算する。
適応電力制御は、本発明の処理装置の電池式の携帯アプリケーションには有利である。基本的には、適応電力消費は、ハードウェアコンポーネント、例えば、センサー、サポートアナログ回路(supporting analog circuit)、及びFPGA処理ブロックへの電力をいつでもオフ又は減少させる。本発明の実施形態は、そのような電力制御を達成するために以下に挙げる1つ以上の特徴を有することができる。
インダクティブ・プレスチモグラフィー(IP:inductive plethysmography)センサー及び処理、特に、呼吸モニタリング(RIP:respiratory monitoring)が、図3に関して説明される。IPセンサーは、通常、モニタリングする体の一部、例えば、RIPの場合、対象者の胸部に付けて動けるように線形状でフレキシブル、及び長手方向に伸びることが可能である。IPセンサーは、長さの動作範囲に亘ってインダクタンスが直線的に十分に変化するように、特有の空間形状(spatial configuration)導電体を含む。IPセンサーの導電体コンポーネントはオシレーターの一部であり、したがって、IPセンサーの拡張に依存して変化する周波数を有する。
第1ランクリップカウンターウィンドウ(first rank rip counter window):入力ボックスカーカウンター測定ウィンドウ(input boxcar counter measuring window);使用される限界値は十分に高速で動作していないバンドを検知し、これを電源が切られている、伸ばしすぎている、欠陥品である、又は自動センタリング機能に欠陥があると見なす;
VF:RIP:選択された時間間隔の間の完全なフィルタリングされたRIP値変化で表わされる有効なフロー;
MVC:RIP HD値を探知するために使用されるサイクル探知ステートマシーン(cycle detector state machine)のパラメータ;
CV:信頼値。
本発明の装置の好ましい実施形態は、加速度計とポジション表示(position indication)又はアクティビティ表示(activity indication)或いはその両方を提供する加速度計信号処理とを含む。小型化された加速度計は技術的に知られており、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(“MEMS”:micro electro−mechanical system)を実装され、慣性(inertial)又は光学の効果に基づく装置を含む。好ましい加速度計は、2又は3次元(“2D”又は“3D”)の加速度信号を提供し、回路ボード上の要素としてフィットする大きさである。
本発明の装置の好ましい実施形態は、外部の心臓センサーの心臓信号のための入力ポート及び処理を提供する。外部の心拍センサーは、血管の脈動又は心臓の電気活動(electrical activity)の割合、例えば、ECG信号におけるR波の認証を決定することが可能であり、さらに直接的又は間接的に本発明の装置と連結することが可能である。
本発明による処理装置は、好ましくは、処理されたセンサーデータを1つ以上のシリアル出力データストリームに多重化する。単一の出力データストリームが好ましく、多重出力データストリームはアプリケーション要件に従って実装されることが可能である。低ネットワーク層で、出力ストリームは、マイクロコントローラー、又はマイクロコンピューターアプリケーションにおいて使用される既知のシリアルプロトコルの1つに適合する。典型的な実施形態において、多重化されたセンサー出力は、SPI−16インターフェース(例えば、単一のマスターとして、16ビットフレーム、モード0、速度はおよそ毎秒1メガビットであるこの装置)及びASCIIフォーマット済みの低電圧TTL(“LVTTL”:low voltage TTL)出力で同時に利用可能である。
この表において:“OK”は、有効でありそうなデータ又は無効でありそうなデータを示す単一のビットフィールドであり、“AK”は、2つのセンサーのうち、どれが次のデータ、“最下位ビット(least significant bit)”を示す“LSB”、及びデータフィールドの0番目ビット(7番目、10番目、11番目及び12番目)をラベルするD0(D7、D10、D11及びD12)を指すのかを示す単一のビットフィールドである。
ここで、“BR”は呼吸サイクルが認識されることを示す単一のビットフィールドであり;“VF”は有効な呼吸気流量(肺気量(lung volume)の時間導関数(time derivative))が認識されることを示す単一のビットフィールドであり;“SL”は決定された肺気量のスロープのサインを示す単一のビットフィールドである。
図1を参照して既に説明したように、本発明のボード及び装置は、広範囲の異なる生理モニタリングシステムの有用な構成要素である。図6A〜Cを参照して説明すると、本発明のボード及び装置は、幅広い種類の異なる物理的及びハードウェア構成において異なる生理モニタリングシステムに適するように構成されることが可能である。
さらなる実施形態において、装置は、上述されたようにLDデータモードにおいて生成されるデータフォーマットの延長として追加されることが可能な呼吸データのための“信頼値(confidence value)”(CV)を生成することが可能である。CVを生成する好ましい方法をこれから説明する。
Claims (15)
- 動作可能なように複数のセンサーにリンクされている複数の独立したデジタル処理ユニットを含み、
前記複数の独立したデジタル処理ユニットは、
前記複数のセンサーからの信号を同時に受信し、
生理情報を決定するために前記受信した信号を同時に処理し、
複数のセンサーの前記信号に対して、前記受信及び処理は、同時に並行して動作する複数の処理ユニットによって実行されることを特徴とし、さらに、
前記決定された生理情報を1つ以上の出力信号に多重化すること、
を含むステップを実行するように構成されたファームウェアを開始すること、を特徴とする複数の生理センサーからの信号を処理する装置であって、
同時に並行して動作する複数の処理はフィールドプログラマブルゲートアレイ(FPGA)によって行われ、
かつ、前記FPGAは、前記複数のセンサーのうち、信号が受信されないセンサーについて、当該信号が受信されないセンサーに対応する処理ユニットへの電力供給を低減させることを特徴とする、前記装置。 - 1つ以上のセンサー信号に対して、2つ以上の同時に動作する前記処理ユニットが前記センサー信号に対して処理パイプラインのように動作するように順次にリンクされることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 個々の生理情報は、実質的に同時の様式で2つ以上のセンサー信号から得られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- アナログセンサーからの信号のアナログ処理のためにアナログフロントエンド(AFE)回路をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の装置。
- 当該信号が受信されないセンサーに対応する処理ユニットへの電力供給は、当該センサーから受信した信号サンプル間の少なくとも一部の時間間隔において低減されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記独立したデジタル処理ユニットは、さらにインダクティブ・プレスチモグラフィック(IP)センサー、呼吸IP(RIP)センサー、加速度計センサー、ECGセンサー、心拍センサー、体温センサー、脳波センサー、及び音センサーのうち少なくとも1つからの信号を処理するために構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記独立したデジタル処理ユニットは、前記装置の状態に対して敏感な少なくとも1つのセンサーからの信号を処理するために構成され、
前記多重化された出力信号は、決定された装置状態情報をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記同時処理は、
前記1つ以上のセンサーからの信号の状態を決定することをさらに含み、
前記多重化された出力信号は、決定されたセンサー信号状態情報をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。 - 複数のセンサーからの信号を同時に受信し、
生理情報を決定するために前記受信した信号を同時に処理し、
前記複数のセンサーからの前記信号に対して、前記受信及び処理は、同時に並行して開始されることを特徴とし、さらに、
前記決定された生理情報を1つ以上の出力信号に多重化すること、
を含む複数の生理センサーからの信号を処理する方法であって、
同時に並行して開始される処理はフィールドプログラマブルゲートアレイ(FPGA)によって行われ、
かつ、前記FPGAは、前記複数のセンサーのうち、信号が受信されないセンサーについて、当該信号が受信されないセンサーに対応する処理ユニットへの電力供給を低減させることを特徴とする、前記方法。 - 1つ以上のセンサー信号に対して、同時処理は、連続して配置されて処理パイプラインのように同時に起こる2つ以上のステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 複数の受信したセンサー信号の前記同時処理は、前記センサー信号からの生理情報の決定を実質的に遅らせないことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- キャリブレーション期間中に決定されるキャリブレーション情報にしたがって1つ以上のセンサーの処理を調整することをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 1つ以上のセンサーから受信される前記キャリブレーション情報は、信号出力範囲を含み、
前記調整は、前記信号を前記出力範囲内に集めることをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。 - 1つ以上の加速度計センサーのための前記キャリブレーション情報は、垂直な方向性を示す基準値を含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 2つ以上の呼吸インダクティブ・プレスチモグラフィック(RIP)センサーからの信号を同時に受信し、
1回換気量の表示を含む呼吸情報を決定するために前記受信したRIP信号を同時に処理することをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
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- 2007-04-10 AU AU2007238209A patent/AU2007238209A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2007-04-10 EP EP07760384A patent/EP2004042A4/en not_active Ceased
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US20070270671A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
CA2648693A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
AU2007238209A2 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
EP2004042A4 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
EP2004042A2 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
JP2009533179A (ja) | 2009-09-17 |
WO2007121170A3 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
AU2007238209A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
WO2007121170A2 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
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