JP5600438B2 - Overvoltage protection device for power converter - Google Patents

Overvoltage protection device for power converter Download PDF

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JP5600438B2
JP5600438B2 JP2010007909A JP2010007909A JP5600438B2 JP 5600438 B2 JP5600438 B2 JP 5600438B2 JP 2010007909 A JP2010007909 A JP 2010007909A JP 2010007909 A JP2010007909 A JP 2010007909A JP 5600438 B2 JP5600438 B2 JP 5600438B2
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overvoltage
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filter capacitor
circuit
voltage
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JP2011147305A (en
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健八郎 南出
直樹 栗原
周一 立原
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Hitachi Ltd
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Description

本発明は車両の電力変換器を過電圧から保護する電力変換器の過電圧保護装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an overvoltage protection device for a power converter that protects a power converter of a vehicle from overvoltage.

従来の電力変換器の過電圧検出方式は、フィルタコンデンサの電圧を予め設定した過電圧設定値と比較し、フィルタコンデンサ電圧が過電圧設定値を超えた場合に、フィルタコンデンサに並列に接続したフィルタコンデンサ短絡用半導体スイッチをオンしてフィルタコンデンサを放電する制御となっている。これによりフィルタコンデンサ電圧が過電圧設定値を上回り電力変換器が破壊を防止することが可能である。また、フィルタコンデンサ電圧と過電圧設定値との比較、過電圧検出信号の出力はプロセッサにて処理しており、過電圧検出条件、過電圧検出信号の出力条件をメモリ内のデータにより任意に変更できる構成となっている。   The conventional power converter overvoltage detection method compares the voltage of the filter capacitor with a preset overvoltage set value, and when the filter capacitor voltage exceeds the overvoltage set value, the filter capacitor is connected in parallel to the filter capacitor. It is controlled to turn on the semiconductor switch and discharge the filter capacitor. As a result, the filter capacitor voltage exceeds the overvoltage set value, and the power converter can prevent destruction. The processor compares the filter capacitor voltage with the overvoltage set value and outputs the overvoltage detection signal. The overvoltage detection condition and the output condition of the overvoltage detection signal can be changed arbitrarily according to the data in the memory. ing.

特開平8−126101号公報JP-A-8-126101

このような従来の過電圧検出方式は、過電圧検出手段が故障していた場合、例えばプロセッサの処理に不具合がありプロセッサが停止した場合、メモリ内のデータがノイズなどの外乱により変更された場合などにおいて、フィルタコンデンサ電圧が上昇した場合、フィルタコンデンサ過電圧を検出できず、電力変換器が破壊される問題がある。特許文献1記載の従来技術は、フィルタコンデンサ電圧が過電圧設定値を超えた場合に短絡用半導体スイッチをオンし、その電圧が規定値を下回れば短絡用半導体スイッチをオフする方式としているため、単独で構成する過電圧検出手段が故障した場合、フィルタコンデンサ過電圧を検出できない状態、フィルタコンデンサ電圧が規定値を下回ったことを検出できない状態となる問題がある。   Such a conventional overvoltage detection method is used when the overvoltage detection means has failed, for example, when there is a problem in the processing of the processor and the processor is stopped, or when data in the memory is changed due to disturbance such as noise. When the filter capacitor voltage rises, there is a problem that the filter capacitor overvoltage cannot be detected and the power converter is destroyed. The conventional technique described in Patent Document 1 is a method in which a short-circuit semiconductor switch is turned on when the filter capacitor voltage exceeds an overvoltage set value, and when the voltage falls below a specified value, the short-circuit semiconductor switch is turned off. When the overvoltage detection means configured by the above fails, there is a problem that the filter capacitor overvoltage cannot be detected, and that the filter capacitor voltage has fallen below the specified value cannot be detected.

上記課題は、断流器と、フィルタコンデンサと、前記フィルタコンデンサに並列に接続される短絡用半導体スイッチと、前記フィルタコンデンサに過電圧を検出した場合に、予め設定した信号保持時間の断流器開放信号及び過電圧保護信号を出力し、前記断流器開放信号を出力して前記断流器を開放して電力変換器と電源とを切り離し、前記過電圧保護信号を出力して前記短絡用半導体スイッチをオンして前記フィルタコンデンサを放電する過電圧保護手段を備える電力変換器において、前記過電圧保護手段は、予めメモリに設定した過電圧設定値と前記フィルタコンデンサの電圧を比較して前記フィルタコンデンサの過電圧を検出する過電圧検出手段と、予め回路定数で設定した過電圧検出用参照電圧と前記フィルタコンデンサの電圧を比較して前記フィルタコンデンサの過電圧を検出する過電圧検出手段の両方により構成される過電圧検出手段と、前記両方の過電圧検出手段から検出した過電圧検出信号を単独の過電圧検出信号に集約する論理和回路と、前記論理和回路を通して前記両方の過電圧検出手段からの過電圧検出信号を入力し、前記過電圧検出信号の一方が出力する時刻から前記断流器開放信号及び前記過電圧保護信号を出力し、前記両方の過電圧検出信号の出力が無くなる時刻から予め設定した一定の信号保持時間だけ延長した前記断流器開放信号及び前記過電圧保護信号を出力する信号保持回路と、を備えている電力変換器の過電圧保護装置により解決できる。
Above-mentioned problems, a breaker, and a filter capacitor, wherein the shorting is connected in parallel to the filter capacitor and the semi-conductor switches, when detecting an overvoltage on the filter capacitor, preset signal retention time line breaker outputting an open signal and overvoltage protection signal, the line breaker opening signal output to open the breaker to disconnect and a source power converter, before Symbol semiconductor for the short and outputs the over-voltage protection signal In the power converter comprising overvoltage protection means for turning on the switch and discharging the filter capacitor, the overvoltage protection means compares the overvoltage set value preset in the memory with the voltage of the filter capacitor and compares the overvoltage of the filter capacitor. The overvoltage detection means for detecting the overvoltage detection reference voltage set in advance with a circuit constant and the voltage of the filter capacitor. A logical sum circuit for aggregating overvoltage and configured overvoltage detection means by both of the detecting means, the overvoltage detection signal alone overvoltage detection signal detected from the both overvoltage detection means for detecting an overvoltage of the filter capacitor and, the type of overvoltage detection signal from the over-voltage detection means of the both through oR circuit, the overvoltage outputs the breaker opening signal from the time one is the output of the detection signal and the overvoltage protection signal, the both overvoltage overvoltage protection for a power converter and a, and a signal holding circuit for outputting the breaker opening signal and the overvoltage protection signal only prolonged constant signal holding time the output is set time whether we pre Me eliminated detection signal It can be solved by the device.

本発明によれば、フィルタコンデンサの過電圧検出手段を複数備えることにより、一部の過電圧検出手段が故障した場合においても、他方の健全な過電圧検出手段によりフィルタコンデンサ電圧上昇を検出して電力変換器を保護することが可能である。   According to the present invention, by providing a plurality of filter capacitor overvoltage detection means, even if a part of the overvoltage detection means fails, the other sound overvoltage detection means detects an increase in the filter capacitor voltage and the power converter It is possible to protect.

プロセッサを用いて予めメモリに設定した過電圧設定値とフィルタコンデンサ電圧を比較して過電圧検出をおこなうことにより、メモリ内データを変更することで、回路を変更することなく過電圧検出条件の変更が可能である。   Overvoltage detection conditions can be changed without changing the circuit by changing the data in the memory by comparing the filter capacitor voltage with the overvoltage setting value set in the memory in advance using a processor. is there.

比較器を用いて回路定数により設定した過電圧検出用参照電圧とフィルタコンデンサ電圧を比較して過電圧検出をおこなうことにより、プロセッサ処理特有のメモリ不具合等の脆弱性を除いた過電圧検出が可能である。   By performing overvoltage detection by comparing the reference voltage for overvoltage detection set by the circuit constant using a comparator and the filter capacitor voltage, it is possible to detect overvoltage without fragility such as memory problems peculiar to processor processing.

プロセッサ処理による過電圧検出と、比較器による過電圧検出の両方による構成とすることにより、プロセッサ処理の条件変更の柔軟性と、プロセッサ処理の脆弱性を除いた過電圧検出の両方の効果を有する過電圧検出方式の構成が可能である。   Overvoltage detection method that has the effects of both the flexibility of changing the conditions of processor processing and the overvoltage detection excluding the vulnerability of processor processing by adopting a configuration with both overvoltage detection by processor processing and overvoltage detection by a comparator Is possible.

過電圧検出時に短絡用半導体スイッチをオンする時間を予め設定した一定時間とすることで、短絡用半導体スイッチがオンし続けて電力変換器の制御が停止することを防ぐことが可能である。   By setting the time for turning on the short-circuiting semiconductor switch at the time of overvoltage detection to a predetermined time, it is possible to prevent the short-circuiting semiconductor switch from being kept on and stopping the control of the power converter.

複数の過電圧検出手段からの過電圧検出信号を、論理和により単独の過電圧検出信号に集約することで、過電圧検出時の保護に用いる回路を集約することが可能となり、部品の省略が可能である。   By consolidating overvoltage detection signals from a plurality of overvoltage detection means into a single overvoltage detection signal by logical sum, it is possible to consolidate circuits used for protection during overvoltage detection, and it is possible to omit components.

図1は本発明の一実施形態による電力変換器の過電圧検出方式である。FIG. 1 shows an overvoltage detection method for a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図2は本発明の過電圧保護手段を説明する図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the overvoltage protection means of the present invention. 図3は本発明の各部の動作を示したタイムチャートである。FIG. 3 is a time chart showing the operation of each part of the present invention.

以下、発明の実施形態について図面を用いて説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1は、本発明の一実施形態による電力変換器の制御装置を示す。なお、本実施形態では2つの過電圧検出手段を有する電力変換器にて車両電動機駆動用インバータ装置を駆動する場合について説明する。   FIG. 1 shows a control device for a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a case will be described in which the vehicle motor drive inverter device is driven by a power converter having two overvoltage detection means.

本実施形態において、電力変換器は、インバータ装置1、断流器2、フィルタコンデンサ3、フィルタコンデンサ短絡用半導体スイッチ4、制限抵抗5、電圧検出手段6、過電圧保護手段7からなり、電動機8を加速する場合には断流器2を短絡してフィルタコンデンサ3を充電させ、インバータ装置1がスイッチングすることで電動機8に交流電圧を供給する。電動機8を減速させる場合には電動機8を発電機として作動させ、電動機8から発生する交流電圧をインバータ装置1で直流電圧に変換して架線に回生する。   In this embodiment, the power converter includes an inverter device 1, a current breaker 2, a filter capacitor 3, a filter switch short-circuiting semiconductor switch 4, a limiting resistor 5, a voltage detection unit 6, and an overvoltage protection unit 7. When accelerating, the circuit breaker 2 is short-circuited to charge the filter capacitor 3, and the inverter device 1 is switched to supply an AC voltage to the motor 8. When the electric motor 8 is decelerated, the electric motor 8 is operated as a generator, and the AC voltage generated from the electric motor 8 is converted into a DC voltage by the inverter device 1 and regenerated on the overhead line.

過電圧保護手段7は、過電圧検出手段10a、10b、制御信号出力手段11からなる。フィルタコンデンサ電圧9は、電圧検出手段6を通して過電圧検出手段10a、10bに入力する。   The overvoltage protection unit 7 includes overvoltage detection units 10 a and 10 b and a control signal output unit 11. The filter capacitor voltage 9 is input to the overvoltage detection means 10a and 10b through the voltage detection means 6.

過電圧検出手段10a、10bは、予め設定した過電圧設定値とフィルタコンデンサ電圧9を比較し、フィルタコンデンサ電圧9が過電圧設定値を超える場合に過電圧検出信号12a、12bを制御信号出力手段11に出力する。   The overvoltage detection means 10a, 10b compares the preset overvoltage set value with the filter capacitor voltage 9, and outputs the overvoltage detection signals 12a, 12b to the control signal output means 11 when the filter capacitor voltage 9 exceeds the overvoltage set value. .

制御信号出力手段11は、過電圧検出信号12a、12bの少なくともひとつが入力された場合に過電圧保護動作を実行する。制御信号出力手段11は、過電圧検出信号12a、12bが入力された場合、インバータ停止信号13を出力してインバータ装置1の制御を停止し、断流器開放信号14を出力して断流器2を開放して電力変換器と電源を切り離し、過電圧保護信号15を出力して短絡用半導体スイッチ4をオンしてフィルタコンデンサ3を、制限抵抗5を介して放電する。   The control signal output means 11 performs an overvoltage protection operation when at least one of the overvoltage detection signals 12a and 12b is input. When the overvoltage detection signals 12a and 12b are input, the control signal output means 11 outputs the inverter stop signal 13 to stop the control of the inverter device 1 and outputs the circuit breaker open signal 14 to output the circuit breaker 2 Is opened, the power converter and the power source are disconnected, an overvoltage protection signal 15 is output, the short-circuit semiconductor switch 4 is turned on, and the filter capacitor 3 is discharged via the limiting resistor 5.

ここで、過電圧検出手段の一方が故障した場合の動作として、過電圧検出手段10aに故障が発生したと仮定し、その場合の過電圧保護動作について以下に述べる。   Here, as an operation when one of the overvoltage detection means fails, it is assumed that a failure has occurred in the overvoltage detection means 10a, and the overvoltage protection operation in that case will be described below.

フィルタコンデンサ電圧9が過電圧設定値を超えた場合、過電圧検出手段10aは過電圧検出信号12aを出力しない事象が発生しても、健全である過電圧検出手段10bから制御信号出力手段11に過電圧検出信号12bが出力されて過電圧保護動作が実行される。   When the filter capacitor voltage 9 exceeds the overvoltage set value, even if an event occurs in which the overvoltage detection means 10a does not output the overvoltage detection signal 12a, the overvoltage detection signal 12b is transmitted from the sound overvoltage detection means 10b to the control signal output means 11. Is output and the overvoltage protection operation is executed.

以下、過電圧保護手段7の詳細な構成について述べる。図2は、本発明の一実施形態による過電圧保護手段を示す。なお、本実施形態では過電圧検出手段10aは予めメモリに設定した過電圧設定値をプロセッサがフィルタコンデンサ電圧を比較して過電圧検出をおこなう方式、過電圧検出手段10bは回路定数により設定した過電圧設定値とフィルタコンデンサ電圧を比較器で比較して過電圧検出をおこなう方式として説明する。   Hereinafter, the detailed configuration of the overvoltage protection means 7 will be described. FIG. 2 shows an overvoltage protection means according to an embodiment of the invention. In the present embodiment, the overvoltage detection means 10a is a system in which the processor compares the filter capacitor voltage with the overvoltage set value set in the memory in advance, and the overvoltage detection means 10b detects the overvoltage set value set by the circuit constant and the filter. A description will be given of a method of performing overvoltage detection by comparing capacitor voltages with a comparator.

過電圧検出手段10aは、アナログデジタル変換回路16、プロセッサ17、メモリ18より構成する。フィルタコンデンサ電圧9はアナログデジタル変換回路16でデジタル値に変換してプロセッサ17に入力する。プロセッサ17はメモリ18に設定した過電圧設定値とデジタル値に変換したフィルタコンデンサ電圧を比較し、フィルタコンデンサ電圧が過電圧設定値を超えている場合に過電圧検出信号12aを出力する。   The overvoltage detection means 10a is constituted by an analog-digital conversion circuit 16, a processor 17, and a memory 18. The filter capacitor voltage 9 is converted into a digital value by the analog-digital conversion circuit 16 and input to the processor 17. The processor 17 compares the overvoltage set value set in the memory 18 with the filter capacitor voltage converted into a digital value, and outputs the overvoltage detection signal 12a when the filter capacitor voltage exceeds the overvoltage set value.

過電圧検出手段10bは、直流電源19、固定抵抗20、可変抵抗21、比較器22より構成する。比較器22には過電圧検出用参照電圧として直流電源19を固定抵抗20と可変抵抗21で分圧した電圧を入力する。比較器22は、フィルタコンデンサ電圧9と過電圧設定値を比較して、フィルタコンデンサ電圧9が過電圧設定値を超えている場合に過電圧検出信号12bを出力する。   The overvoltage detection means 10 b includes a DC power source 19, a fixed resistor 20, a variable resistor 21, and a comparator 22. The comparator 22 receives a voltage obtained by dividing the DC power source 19 using the fixed resistor 20 and the variable resistor 21 as a reference voltage for overvoltage detection. The comparator 22 compares the filter capacitor voltage 9 with the overvoltage set value, and outputs an overvoltage detection signal 12b when the filter capacitor voltage 9 exceeds the overvoltage set value.

制御信号出力手段11は、論理和回路23、信号保持回路24より構成する。過電圧検出信号12a、12bは、論理和回路23を通して信号保持回路24に入力し、信号保持回路24は予め設定した信号保持時間のインバータ停止信号13、断流器開放信号14、過電圧保護信号15を出力する。   The control signal output means 11 includes an OR circuit 23 and a signal holding circuit 24. The overvoltage detection signals 12a and 12b are input to the signal holding circuit 24 through the OR circuit 23. The signal holding circuit 24 receives the inverter stop signal 13, the breaker release signal 14, and the overvoltage protection signal 15 for a preset signal holding time. Output.

図3は、フィルタコンデンサ電圧9、過電圧検出信号12a、12b、過電圧保護信号15、短絡用半導体スイッチ4の各動作のタイムチャートを示す。
フィルタコンデンサ電圧9が過電圧設定値を超えたt1で過電圧検出信号12a、12bが出力され、短絡用半導体スイッチ4がオンしてフィルタコンデンサ電圧9が過電圧設定値を下回るt2で過電圧検出信号12a、12bの出力が無くなる。
FIG. 3 shows a time chart of each operation of the filter capacitor voltage 9, the overvoltage detection signals 12a and 12b, the overvoltage protection signal 15, and the shorting semiconductor switch 4.
Overvoltage detection signals 12a and 12b are output at t1 when the filter capacitor voltage 9 exceeds the overvoltage setting value, the short-circuit semiconductor switch 4 is turned on, and the overvoltage detection signals 12a and 12b at t2 when the filter capacitor voltage 9 falls below the overvoltage setting value. Output is lost.

信号保持回路24は、過電圧検出信号12a、12bが出力するt1から過電圧保護信号15を出力し、過電圧検出信号12a、12bの出力が無くなるt2から予め設定した信号保持時間t4だけ過電圧保護信号15の出力を延長する。   The signal holding circuit 24 outputs the overvoltage protection signal 15 from t1 output by the overvoltage detection signals 12a and 12b, and outputs the overvoltage protection signal 15 for a preset signal holding time t4 from t2 when the output of the overvoltage detection signals 12a and 12b disappears. Extend output.

なお、本実施形態では、インバータ装置1台を制御する構成にて説明したが、本発明は、複数台のコンバータ装置、インバータ装置、電源装置を制御する場合においても構成可能である。   Although the present embodiment has been described with the configuration of controlling one inverter device, the present invention can also be configured when controlling a plurality of converter devices, inverter devices, and power supply devices.

1 インバータ装置
2 断流器
3 フィルタコンデンサ
4 フィルタコンデンサ短絡用半導体スイッチ
5 制限抵抗
6 電圧検出手段
7 過電圧保護手段
8 電動機
9 フィルタコンデンサ電圧
10a、10b 過電圧検出手段
11 制御信号出力手段
12a、12b 過電圧検出信号
13 インバータ停止信号
14 断流器開放信号
15 過電圧保護信号
16 アナログデジタル変換回路
17 プロセッサ
18 メモリ
19 直流電源
20 固定抵抗
21 可変抵抗
22 比較器
23 論理和回路
24 信号保持回路
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inverter apparatus 2 Circuit breaker 3 Filter capacitor 4 Filter capacitor short circuit semiconductor switch 5 Limiting resistor 6 Voltage detection means 7 Overvoltage protection means 8 Motor 9 Filter capacitor voltage 10a, 10b Overvoltage detection means 11 Control signal output means 12a, 12b Overvoltage detection Signal 13 Inverter stop signal 14 Circuit breaker open signal 15 Overvoltage protection signal 16 Analog-digital conversion circuit 17 Processor 18 Memory 19 DC power supply 20 Fixed resistor 21 Variable resistor 22 Comparator 23 OR circuit 24 Signal holding circuit

Claims (1)

断流器と、フィルタコンデンサと、前記フィルタコンデンサに並列に接続される短絡用半導体スイッチと、前記フィルタコンデンサに過電圧を検出した場合に、予め設定した信号保持時間の断流器開放信号及び過電圧保護信号を出力し、前記断流器開放信号を出力して前記断流器を開放して電力変換器と電源とを切り離し、前記過電圧保護信号を出力して前記短絡用半導体スイッチをオンして前記フィルタコンデンサを放電する過電圧保護手段を備える電力変換器において、
前記過電圧保護手段は、
予めメモリに設定した過電圧設定値と前記フィルタコンデンサの電圧を比較して前記フィルタコンデンサの過電圧を検出する過電圧検出手段と、予め回路定数で設定した過電圧検出用参照電圧と前記フィルタコンデンサの電圧を比較して前記フィルタコンデンサの過電圧を検出する過電圧検出手段の両方により構成される過電圧検出手段と、
前記両方の過電圧検出手段から検出した過電圧検出信号を単独の過電圧検出信号に集約する論理和回路と、
前記論理和回路を通して前記両方の過電圧検出手段からの過電圧検出信号を入力し、前記過電圧検出信号の一方が出力する時刻から前記断流器開放信号及び前記過電圧保護信号を出力し、前記両方の過電圧検出信号の出力が無くなる時刻から予め設定した一定の信号保持時間だけ延長した前記断流器開放信号及び前記過電圧保護信号を出力する信号保持回路と、を備えていることを特徴とする電力変換器の過電圧保護装置。
Circuit breaker, filter capacitor, short-circuit semiconductor switch connected in parallel to the filter capacitor, and circuit breaker open signal and overvoltage protection for a preset signal holding time when overvoltage is detected in the filter capacitor outputs a signal, the output of the breaker opening signal to open the breaker disconnect and a source power converter, the turns on the short-circuit semiconductor switch and outputs a pre-Symbol overvoltage protection signal In a power converter comprising overvoltage protection means for discharging the filter capacitor,
The overvoltage protection means includes
The overvoltage detection means for detecting the overvoltage of the filter capacitor by comparing the overvoltage set value set in the memory in advance with the voltage of the filter capacitor, and comparing the reference voltage for overvoltage detection set in advance with a circuit constant and the voltage of the filter capacitor And an overvoltage detecting means constituted by both of the overvoltage detecting means for detecting the overvoltage of the filter capacitor;
An OR circuit that aggregates the overvoltage detection signals detected from both overvoltage detection means into a single overvoltage detection signal;
The type of overvoltage detection signal from the over-voltage detection means of the both through OR circuit, the overvoltage outputs the breaker opening signal from the time one is the output of the detection signal and the overvoltage protection signal, the both overvoltage power, characterized in that it comprises a signal holding circuit for outputting the breaker opening signal and the overvoltage protection signal only prolonged constant signal holding time the output is set time whether we pre Me eliminated detection signal Converter overvoltage protection device.
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