JP5598775B2 - 癌の介入治療および根絶のためのiteとその類似体を含む医薬組成物 - Google Patents
癌の介入治療および根絶のためのiteとその類似体を含む医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5598775B2 JP5598775B2 JP2012536862A JP2012536862A JP5598775B2 JP 5598775 B2 JP5598775 B2 JP 5598775B2 JP 2012536862 A JP2012536862 A JP 2012536862A JP 2012536862 A JP2012536862 A JP 2012536862A JP 5598775 B2 JP5598775 B2 JP 5598775B2
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Classifications
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/475—Quinolines; Isoquinolines having an indole ring, e.g. yohimbine, reserpine, strychnine, vinblastine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- E04D1/12—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
XおよびYは、独立して、O(酸素)またはS(硫黄)であり、
RNは水素、ハロ、シアノ、ホルミル、アルキル、ハロアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルカノイル、ハロアルカノイル、または窒素保護基から選択され、
R1、R2、R3、R4、およびR5は、独立して、水素、ハロ、ヒドロキシ(−OH)、チオール(−SH)、シアノ(−CN)、ホルミル(−CHO)、アルキル、ハロアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アミノ、ニトロ(−NO2)、アルコキシ、ハロアルコキシ、チオアルコキシ、アルカノイル、ハロアルカノイル、またはカルボニルオキシから選択され、
R6、およびR7は、独立して、水素、ハロ、ヒドロキシ、チオール、シアノ、ホルミル、アルキル、ハロアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アミノ、ニトロ、アルコキシ、ハロアルコキシ、もしくはチオアルコキシから選択され、または、
R6、およびR7は、独立して、
式中、R8は、水素、ハロ、シアノ、アルキル、ハロアルキル、アルケニル、もしくはアルキニルから選択され、または、
R6、およびR7は、独立して、
R9は、水素、ハロ、アルキル、ハロアルキル、アルケニル、もしくはアルキニルから選択され、または、
R6、およびR7は、独立して、
R10は、水素、ハロ、ヒドロキシ、チオール、シアノ、アルキル、ハロアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アミノ、ニトロから選択され、または、
R6、およびR7はまた、独立して、
式中、R11は、水素、ハロ、アルキル、ハロアルキル、アルケニル、またはアルキニルから選択され得る。
生後6〜8週間の雄のBALB/cヌードマウス(ハツカネズミ)を、イヤーコーディングによって個々に標識した。1匹の動物が各々のポリカーボネートのケージ(300mm×180m×150mm)内に入るように、動物を20〜26℃の一定温度、および40〜70%の湿度において層流室で維持した。敷料はトウモロコシの穂軸であり、それを週に2回変えた。動物は全研究期間において、無菌の乾燥顆粒飼料および無菌の飲料水を自由に利用できた。
有効性研究
本研究における動物の取り扱い、世話、および処理に関連する全ての手順は、国際実験動物管理公認協会(AAALAC)の指針に基づいて、Crown Bioscience社(アメリカ合衆国、カリフォルニア州、サンタクララ所在、私たちが雇用した開発業務受託機関)の動物実験委員会(IACUC)によって承認された指針に従って実施した。動物は、運動性、飼料および水の消費、体重の増減(総体重を週に2回測定した)、目/毛の艶消具合、およびその他のあらゆる異常効果などの、腫瘍増殖および薬剤治療が正常な行動に与えるあらゆる影響を調査した。死亡および観察される臨床兆候を、各グループ内における動物の数を基にして記録した。腫瘍体積が3,000mm3を超える個々の動物、または平均腫瘍体積が2,000mm3を超えるグループの動物を安楽死させた。さらに、重度の苦痛および/または痛みの兆候を示し、治療開始時の体重から体重が20%を超えて減少し、または十分な飼料もしくは水の摂取能力を喪失した動物は、人道的犠牲とした。
雄のヌードマウスをPK(薬物動態)研究においても使用した。静脈注射に関しては、1mg/kg b.w.のITEを、尾静脈からDMSOを溶媒として用いて投与した。腹腔内注射に関しては、10、40、および80mg/kg b.w.のITEを、左下腹部からDMSOを用いて送達した。経口投与では、40、および80mg/kg b.w.のITEを、ラブラゾール:PEG400(2:8、v/v)の溶媒を用いて強制経口投与した。全15匹のマウスは各投与レベルにおいて単回投与を受け、投与マウスの3匹に1匹を使用して、各時点における血液試料を採取した(0、0.083、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、24時)。動物をそれぞれ2回サンプリングするように交代させたが、2回のサンプリング時間の間の間隔は少なくとも110分であった。動物を手作業にてイソフルランで麻酔して拘束した。各時点における約150μlの全血を、K2−EDTAチューブ内に(後眼窩穿刺によって)採取する。血液試料をサンプリング後15分以内に、冷却して血漿に処理した(4,000g、5分、4℃)。血漿試料を分析するまで−80℃で貯蔵した。20μlの一定分量の血漿サンプルを20μlの内部標準(グリピジド、500ng/ml/ACN、抽出効率用)と共に、120μlのACN(アセトニトリル)に添加した。混合物を1,500rpmにて2分間ボルテックスし、その後、12,000rpmにて5分間遠心分離した。5μlの上清をLC−MS/MSシステム(API4000、アメリカ合衆国、カリフォルニア州、フォスターシティ所在)に注入した。Gemini−C18カラム(2.0×50mm、5μm)を使用し、LC(液体{えきたい}クロマトグラフィー)を0.45ml/分の流速にて、以下のプログラムで動作させた。
時間(分) 0 0.2 1.8 2.8 2.9 4
ポンプA(%)95 95 2 2 95 停止
ポンプB(%) 5 5 98 98 5 停止
1、10、20、および40mg/kg b.w.のITE投与による治療(28日間連続して12時間おきに腹腔内注射、溶媒:DMSO、注射体積:0.5ml/kg b.w.)によって、明確な投与量−効果関係を有する著しい抗癌活性がもたらされた(図1A)。TGI’s(腫瘍増殖抑制率)は一連の投与量に対し、28日目においてそれぞれ52%、31%、26%、および22%(n=8;p<0.048、0.007、0.004、および0.004)と算出された。腫瘍サイズ600mm3におけるTGD(腫瘍増殖遅延)は、それぞれの一連の投与量において3、10、12、および16日に到達した。0.1mg/kg b.w.のITEは、統計的に有意な抗癌活性をもたらさなかった(n=8、28日目においてTGI=74%、p<0.623)。担腫瘍マウスにおける体重変化から判断すると、ITE処理は著しい毒性反応を引き起こさないようであった(図1B)。
ヒト前立腺癌細胞株LNCaPの培養および接種を実施例1に示すように行った。ヒト肝癌細胞株HepG2(ATCC)の操作は、(RPMI−1640の代わりに)DMEM溶媒を使用し、L−グルタミンを使用せず、そして2×106の細胞を用いて雌のヌードマウスに接種したことを除いて、LNCaPと同様であった。ヒト卵巣癌細胞株OVCAR−3(ATCC)の取り扱いは、DMEM溶媒を使用し、5×106の細胞を使用して雌のヌードマウスの接種に使用したことを除いて、LNCaPと同様であった。ヒト乳癌細胞株MCF−7(CL−161)はMCF−7(ATCC)からのクローン化株であり、その異種移植片の増殖にはエストロゲンの外生的供給をもはや必要としない。MCF−7細胞の培養は、RPMI−1640溶媒と置き換えるために、1mMの非必須{ひ ひっす}アミノ酸、1mMのピルビン酸ナトリウム、および0.01mg/mlのウシインスリンが添加されたMEM溶媒を使用することを除いて、LNCaPと同様であった。MCF−7細胞の接種は、腫瘍成長のための0.1mlのPBSとマトリゲル(1:1)、および雌のマウスの使用を除いてLNCaPと同様であった。
ヒト前立腺癌(LNCaP)異種移植{いしゅ いしょく}モデルにおいて、ITK(ITE構造類似体の1つ)は20mg/kg b.w.(1日1回の腹腔内注射)において効果があることが示され、同じ処方計画のITEよりもさらに良好に機能した(図2A)。TGI’s(腫瘍増殖抑制率)は、28日目において、ITKおよびITEに対してそれぞれ51%(p<0.003、n=8)および64%(p<0.021、n=8)であった。ITKおよびITEに対するTGD’s(腫瘍増殖遅延)は、1,000mm3の腫瘍体積において、それぞれ16日および8日であった。
マウス・ルイス肺癌細胞株LLC(ATCC)は、RPMI−1640の代わりにDMEMの溶媒を使用することを除いて、実施例1においてLNCaPに対する記載の通りに培養した。生後6〜8週間のそれぞれの雌C57BL/6マウスに、3×105LLC細胞/0.1mlPBSを接種して腫瘍を成長させた。平均腫瘍体積が80〜120mm3に到達したときにITE処理を開始した。全てのその他の材料および方法は実施例1に記載のものと同じであった。
異種移植モデルを使用する利点は、ヒト癌を直接動物において試験できることである。しかしながら、欠点としては、マウスがヒト癌細胞を拒絶しないよう、マウスは免疫システムにおいて欠陥を有さなければならない。したがって、ITEが免疫系を刺激することでその治療を劇的に強化することが可能であるかを試験するために、このタイプのモデルを使用することは不可能である。そこで、マウス腫瘍細胞を健康な免疫系を有するマウスに接種した同系モデルを使用した。20mg/kg b.w.(1日1回の腹腔内注射)の投与量にてITEはマウス肺癌の増殖抑制を示す(n=8、15日目においてTGI=65%、図3A)一方で、癌の除去または根絶の兆候はなかった。実際、このモデルにおいて腫瘍の増殖が非常に攻撃的であったため、対象グループおよびITEグループの両方において、苦しむ動物を腫瘍の大きな負担から解放するために早めに実験を終了しなければならなかった。
ITEナノ懸濁液は、湿式媒体製粉機(Dispermat SL−nano、WAB Willy A.Bachofen AG社、スイス、ムッテンツ所在)を用いて、1%のCMC−Na(カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム)、0.5%のSLS(ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム)、0.085%のPVP K90(ポリビニルピロリドン K90)、および0.2%の安息香酸塩を含む水中で、ITE粉末を所望のサイズ範囲に到達するまで製粉して調製した。粒径をレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(MS2000、Malvern Instruments社、イギリス、ウスターシャー所在)を用いて決定した。粒径のパラメータを、D10(10%の粒子の直径)=67nm、D50=114nm、およびD90=207nmとして決定した。そして調製したナノ懸濁液を使用するまで4℃で保管した。
TKデータは適切なITE系の暴露を確認した(データ表示なし)。20mg/kg b.w.(低投与量)グループの1匹のマウスが投与の2日目を前にして原因不明で死亡したことを除き、死亡は観察されなかった。全3つのITE処理グループにおいて飼料消費の劇的な減少が調査の1日目において発見されたが、ITE処理による著しい体重の減少はなかった。剖検による全ITE処理グループにおける主要臓器検査からは異常は観察されなかった。500mg/kg b.w.(高投与量)グループにおけるALT(アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ)、AST(アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ)、およびTP(総タンパク量)のレベルは、溶媒コントロールに対して、それぞれ3.2(p<0.05)、1.8(非有意)、および1.2(p<0.05)倍上昇した(表1)。20mg/kg(低投与量)グループのBUN(血中尿素窒素)は、溶媒に対して1.4倍(p<0.05)上昇した。これらのデータ、特にALTのデータは、ITE投与量が上限付近に到達していることを示唆している可能性がある。WBC(白血球数)は、100mg/kg(中)および500mg/kg(高)グループにおいて、それぞれ2.6倍(p<0.05)および2.0倍(非有意)上昇した。その他のPLT(血小板)の割合、NEUT(好中球)の割合、好中球の数(#NEUT)、およびリンパ球の数(#LYMPH)等は、統計的に有意ではないが、100mg/kgおよび500mg/kgのグループの両方において上昇した(表1)。追加の確認試験を行う必要はあるが、血液学におけるデータはITEによる免疫系の動員を実際に示唆しているため、実施例3に示される癌根絶のデータに高い確率で反響し得る。
血液学および血液生化学検査に関する部分的測定値
本明細書において使用される用語である、ITEの「構造類似体」または単に「類似体」は、AhR内因性リガンドであるITEと類似する化学構造を有する化合物として定義する。
本明細書において使用される用語「アルカノイル」は、カルボニル基に結合したアルキルを表す。
特許文献
7. DeLuca HF, Clagett-Dame M, Song J, Helfand S, Akhtar N. United States Patent: 7419992 - Use of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand as a therapeutic intervention in angiogenesis-implicated disorders. 2008. Available at: http://patft.uspto.gov/ [Accessed October 7, 2009].
10. DeLuca HF, Jiasheng Song, Clagett-Dame M, et al. United States Patent: 6916834 -Preparations and use of an Ah receptor ligand, 2-(1 'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester. 2005. Available at: http://patft.uspto.gov/ [Accessed October 7, 2009].
非特許文献
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Claims (10)
- 式中、
XおよびYは、独立して、O(酸素)またはS(硫黄)であり、
R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 、R N 、R 5 、およびR 7 は、独立して、水素またはハロから選択され、
R 6 は、
式中、R 10 は、エチル(−C 2 H 5 )、メチルアミノ(−NHCH 3 )、メトキシ(−OCH 3 )から選択され、
癌を介入治療または根絶するために用いられる医薬組成物であって、
医薬組成物が、2−(1’H−インドール−3’−カルボニル)−チアゾール−4−カルボン酸メチルエステル、または上記の構造式4で表される2−(1’H−インドール−3’−カルボニル)−チアゾール−4−カルボン酸メチルエステルの構造類似体群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物、
を含む医薬組成物。 - 癌を介入治療または根絶するために用いられる医薬組成物であって、医薬組成物が
以下の構造式1で表される2−(1’H−インドール−3’−カルボニル)−チアゾール−4−カルボン酸メチルエステル、または構造式2あるいは3で表される構造類似体からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物、
を含む医薬組成物。
- 前記2−(1’H−インドール−3’−カルボニル)−チアゾール−4−カルボン酸メチルエステルまたは前記構造類似体の治療的有効投与量が1mg/kg〜500mg/kgの間となるような請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記治療的有効投与量が1〜80mg/kgの間である請求項3記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記治療的有効投与量が10〜40mg/kgの間である請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が1以上の薬学的に許容される担体によって運搬されるものである請求項1乃至5いずれか記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物の投与経路が局所、腸内、および非経口のいずれかであるような請求項1乃至6いずれか記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記癌が、前立腺癌、肝癌、肺癌、卵巣癌、および乳癌から成る群より選択される請求項1乃至7記載の医薬組成物。
- 癌患者が哺乳動物である請求項1乃至8記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記哺乳動物はヒトである請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
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TWI752155B (zh) * | 2017-02-01 | 2022-01-11 | 德商菲尼克斯製藥股份有限公司 | 芳香烴受體(AhR)調節劑化合物 |
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