JP5582325B2 - Crankshaft, crankshaft manufacturing method, and crankshaft manufacturing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a crankshaft, a crankshaft manufacturing method, and a crankshaft manufacturing apparatus, and in particular, a journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, and a plurality of pin portions that are eccentric from the journal portion at the same phase and are adjacent to each other, A web portion extending in a radial direction between the journal portion and each pin portion, and a counterweight disposed between the pin portions adjacent to each other and extending in a direction opposite to the eccentric direction of the pin portion with respect to the journal portion. And a method for manufacturing the crankshaft, and an apparatus for manufacturing the crankshaft.

  Patent Document 1 is known as a conventional technique related to a crankshaft. Moreover, patent document 2 is known as another prior art regarding a crack shaft.

Patent Document 1 relates to a technique for forming an assembled crankshaft by plastically coupling a counterweight member to a shaft material.
And in patent document 1, in the manufacturing method of the crankshaft which manufactures a crankshaft from a shaft raw material, the movable jig | tool which applies a load to the axial direction of the floating jig | tool which deform | transforms the radial direction of the said shaft raw material, or the said shaft raw material, A counterweight member serving as a weight of the crankshaft is disposed on the fixed mold that holds the shaft material, the shaft material is fixed to the movable mold and the fixed mold, and the shaft material is fixed by the floating jig. By placing the movable mold close to the fixed mold while applying a load in a radial direction to a predetermined portion, the shaft material is installed by applying a compressive load in the axial direction of the shaft material, and the predetermined portion is placed in a specific direction. The counterweight member is plastically coupled to the shaft material, and the shaft material penetrates the counterweight member. That a through-hole, a manufacturing method of a crank shaft, characterized in such that the teeth are provided on the inner periphery of the through hole is disclosed.
Further, in Patent Document 1, in a crankshaft manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a crankshaft from a shaft material, the movable type and the fixed type that hold the shaft material, the floating jig, and the shaft material in the state of holding the shaft material. Pressurizing means for bringing the movable mold closer to the fixed mold, and forming the crankshaft by holding the movable mold or the floating member and the counterweight member plastically coupled to the shaft material in the fixed mold. An apparatus for manufacturing a crankshaft characterized by the above is disclosed.
Furthermore, in Patent Document 1, a load in the radial direction is applied to a specific part by a floating jig while the movable mold is held in the movable mold and the fixed mold, and is installed. An assembly-type crankshaft characterized by comprising a shaft material and a counterweight member plastically coupled to a cored bar portion formed on both sides of the specific portion of the shaft material is disclosed.
In FIGS. 2 and 12 of Patent Document 1, a cored bar 22c and a shaft part (corresponding to an example of a journal part in the present invention, hereinafter referred to as a journal part) 22a at both ends of a single pin part 22b. A crankshaft formed continuously is shown. In the embodiment of Patent Document 1, “the shaft blank 21 is upset, and the core bar 21c formed in the shaft blank 21 in the through hole 22a of the counterweight member 22 (the web portion in the present invention). (Hereinafter referred to as a web portion) is plastically bonded. ”(0035).

  In Patent Document 1, the shaft material 21 is upset to form the web portion 21c between both ends of the pin portion 21b and the end portion of each journal portion 21a. When the upsetting is performed, the cored bar portion 21c inserted through the through hole 22a of the counterweight member 22 is plastically coupled. That is, in Patent Document 1, regardless of the eccentric phase of each pin portion 21b with respect to the journal portion 21a, web portions 21c are formed at both ends of each pin portion 21b required for the number of cylinders of the engine, and both ends of the crankshaft are formed. Journal portions 21a are formed between the web portions 21c. The counterweight member 22 is plastically coupled to each web portion 21c.

On the other hand, in Patent Document 2, at least two sets of crank throw parts that support both ends of a crank pin by a crank web are provided adjacent to each other, and the crank pins of these two adjacent sets of crank throw parts are positioned in the same phase. The crank journals are connected to each other by connecting portions without providing crank journals between the opposing crank webs, and the crank journals are respectively provided on the crank webs on the separated sides, and the two opposing crank throw portions are opposed to each other. A crankshaft characterized in that a rib for connecting the crank webs is provided.
In the embodiment of Patent Document 2, “This crankshaft 2 is provided with at least two sets of crank throw portions 4 adjacent to each other of the crank pins 6 supported by the crank webs 8 and 8 respectively. In FIG. 2, two sets of crank throw parts 4 are provided adjacent to each other, and the crank pin 6 pivotally supports the large end of a connecting rod (not shown). The throw portion 4 is provided by connecting the crank pins 6 in the same phase and connecting them by connecting portions 10 without providing a crank journal between the opposing crank webs 8 ”(0017),“. The two adjacent crank throw portions 4 are formed by the pin center line B of each crank pin 6 with respect to the journal center line A of each crank journal 12. The degrees are the same angle (0 ° or 360 °), so that two adjacent crank throw portions 4 are provided with the crank pins 6 positioned in the same phase. ” [0018] In this way, the crank pins 6 of the two adjacent pairs of the crank throw portions 4 are positioned in the same phase, and the connecting portion 10 does not provide a crank journal between the opposing crank webs 8. The crankshaft 2 that is provided so as to be connected and provided with a crank journal 12 on each of the crank webs 8 that are separated from each other has ribs 20 that connect the crank webs 8 on the opposite sides of two adjacent sets of crank throw portions 4. In addition, FIG. 1 shows a balance weight (the counterweight of the present invention) in the connecting portion 10 of the crank web 8. Because corresponds to an example of the bets, and that counterweight) is provided below. Further, in Patent Document 2, “the crankshaft 2 is easily manufactured by integral forging because the ribs 20 are only provided between the crank webs 8 on the opposite sides of the two adjacent pairs of the crank throw portions 4. It can be implemented at low cost and is practically advantageous "(0025).

  That is, in Patent Document 2, the connecting portion 10 is provided integrally with the crank web 8 between the crank pin 6 and the crank pin 6, and the crank web is continuous with the crank journals 12 positioned at both ends of the crank shaft. 8, 8 and counter weights 16 are attached at positions corresponding to the crank web 8 of the connecting portion 10, respectively. Note that Patent Document 2 does not describe how the counterweight 16 is attached to the connecting portion 10.

JP 2010-65754 A JP-A-8-105431

  In general, it is desired to reduce the weight of the entire crankshaft. In Patent Document 1, web portions 21c are formed at both ends of each pin portion 21b, and journal portions 21a are formed between both ends of the crankshaft and each web portion 21c. Since the counterweight member 22 is plastically coupled to the web portion 21c, there is room for further weight reduction of the crankshaft. Since the counterweight member 22 is plastically coupled to each web portion 21c, there is room for reducing the number of processes and costs.

  In Patent Document 2, the counterweight 16 is provided at a position corresponding to the crank web 8 with respect to the connecting portion 10 provided integrally with the crank web 8 between the crankpin 6 and the crankpin 6. Since it is attached, it was difficult to reduce the weight of the crankshaft. And in the said patent document 2, the process for attaching the counterweight 16 to the position corresponding to the crank web 8 of the connection part 10 was needed respectively, and there also existed problems, such as taking time and cost. Furthermore, since the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 is formed by integral forging, the volume distribution of the material at the portion for forming the connecting portion 10 for providing the counterweight 16 in this forging process. Therefore, unnecessary forging burrs increase, and as a result, there is a problem that the forging yield deteriorates.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a crankshaft having a structure that can be easily and firmly manufactured with a simple configuration. In addition, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a method and an apparatus for easily manufacturing a strong crankshaft with a simple configuration.

The crankshaft of the present invention includes a journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of adjacent pin portions that are eccentric from the journal portion at the same phase, and a web portion that extends between the journal portion and each pin portion. And a counterweight disposed between the pin portions adjacent to each other and extending in parallel with the web portion and exceeding the central axis of the journal portion, the journal portion, the web portion, and the pin portion And a counterweight member that constitutes the counterweight portion, and the counterweight member has an annular portion at its proximal end, and the material is It has a counterweight installation portion between the portion serving as the adjacent pin portions to each other, as compared to the cross-sectional area of a portion the cross-sectional area of the counterweight installation section is the pin portion Is listening shaped step portion at both ends of the portion serving as the counterweight installation section and is formed, a stepped portion of the both ends placed through the counterweight installation portion of the material in the annular portion of said counterweight member The counterweight installation part is crimped by compressing in the axial direction and the counterweight member is fixed to the counterweight installation part, and the counterweight is configured, and the material is eccentrically installed. Thus, the journal part, the web part, and the pin part are formed.
The crankshaft of the present invention extends between a journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of pin portions that are decentered at the same phase from the journal portion and adjacent to each other, and the journal portion and each pin portion. A web portion and a counterweight disposed between the pin portions adjacent to each other and extending beyond the central axis of the journal portion in parallel with the web portion;
The journal portion, the web portion, and the pin portion are continuously formed of a material and a counterweight member constituting the counterweight portion, and the counterweight member has an annular portion at a base end portion thereof. And the material has a counterweight installation portion between the portions that become the pin portions adjacent to each other, and the counterweight installation portion of the material is inserted into and fixed to the annular portion of the counterweight member. The counterweight is configured, and the journal portion, the web portion, and the pin portion are formed by eccentrically setting the material, and the amount of eccentricity of the counterweight installation portion with respect to the journal portion is: The amount of eccentricity of the pin portion with respect to the journal portion is smaller.
The crankshaft manufacturing method according to the present invention includes a journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of pin portions that are eccentric from the journal portion and are adjacent to each other, and extend between the journal portion and each pin portion. A crankshaft having a web portion and a counterweight disposed between the pin portions adjacent to each other and extending beyond the central axis of the journal portion in parallel with the web portion, A material that continuously constitutes the journal portion, the web portion, and the pin portion, and a counterweight member that constitutes the counterweight portion, and an annular portion is formed at a base end portion of the counterweight member. In addition, a counterweight installation portion is set between portions of the material that become adjacent pin portions, and a ring of the counterweight member is set. The portion to be a counterweight installation portion of the material in the inserted and arranged state in section, a portion to be a part and the journal comprising a pin portion of the material held by the holding-type, respectively, to pressurize the material in the axial direction By forming the journal part, the web part, and the pin part by crushing the part to be the web part between the journal part holding mold and the pin part holding mold and upsetting to a predetermined thickness , A portion that becomes a counterweight installation portion of the material is caulked in an axial direction, and an annular portion that is inserted and arranged in the portion is fixed .
Further, the crankshaft manufacturing method of the present invention includes a journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of adjacent pin portions that are decentered at the same phase from the journal portion, and between the journal portion and each pin portion. A method for manufacturing a crankshaft having an extending web portion and a counterweight disposed between the pin portions adjacent to each other and extending in parallel with the web portion and exceeding a central axis of the journal portion. A material that continuously forms the journal portion, the web portion, and the pin portion and a counterweight member that constitutes the counterweight portion are prepared, and an annular portion is formed at the base end portion of the counterweight member In addition, a counterweight installation portion is set between portions of the material that become adjacent pin portions, and the counterweight portion A portion that becomes the counterweight setting portion of the material is inserted and disposed in the annular portion of the material, and is fixed to the portion that becomes the counterweight setting portion of the material or the counterweight setting portion, and the material is eccentrically pressed by pressing in the axial direction. The journal portion, the web portion, and the pin portion are formed by upsetting, and the eccentric amount of the counterweight installation portion with respect to the journal portion is formed to be smaller than the eccentric amount of the pin portion with respect to the journal portion. To do.
The crankshaft manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes a journal part serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of adjacent pin parts that are eccentric from the journal part at the same phase, and extend between the journal part and each pin part. And a counterweight disposed between the pin portions adjacent to each other and extending in parallel with the web portion and extending beyond the central axis of the journal portion, the journal portion, the web portion, And a device for manufacturing a crankshaft composed of a material continuously constituting the pin portion and the counterweight member, wherein the portion that becomes the journal portion and the portion that becomes the pin portion of the material Holding molds that hold each of them, and pressurize the material in the axial direction to install it eccentrically, and crush the portion that becomes the web portion between the holding molds to a predetermined thickness. A holding mold that holds the portion that becomes the pin portion, and the base end of the counterweight member is located on the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion between the adjacent pin portions. A shape in which the annular portion of the counterweight member can be fixed to the counterweight installation portion by axially compressing and caulking the portion to be the counterweight installation portion with the annular portion formed in the portion inserted and arranged It is comprised by these.

According to the invention relating to the crankshaft of the present application, a portion that is configured by a material and a counterweight member, and in which a cross-sectional area of a counterweight installation portion between portions that become adjacent pin portions of the material becomes the pin portion is shaped larger than the cross-sectional area of, at both ends of the portion serving as the counterweight installation section are stepped portion is formed, the annular portion of the base end portion of the counterweight member counterweight installation portion of this is inserted The counterweight is formed by compressing the stepped portions at both ends in the axial direction and caulking the counterweight installation portion, so that the annular portion of the counterweight member is fixed to the counterweight installation portion. It is said that the journal part, the web part, and the pin part are formed by eccentrically placing the material. Since the counterweight is firmly provided only between the pin parts with the same phase with respect to the journal part, the structure can be easily manufactured, and the crankshaft that has been reduced in weight is also provided. Can be provided.
Further, according to the invention relating to the crankshaft of the present application, it is constituted by the material and the counterweight member, and the base end portion of the counterweight member is disposed at the counterweight installation portion between the portions of the material that become adjacent pin portions. Is inserted so that the counterweight member is parallel to the web portion and extends beyond the center axis extension battle of the journal portion, and the material is eccentric with the annular portion fixed to the counterweight installation portion. The annular part is fixed to the counterweight installation part at the same time when the material is installed or the material is installed eccentrically, and the amount of eccentricity of the counterweight installation part with respect to the journal part is the journal of the pin part. less than eccentricity for parts, with a simple structure that, in which can be easily manufactured structure, moreover, the counter weather The weight portion it is possible to shorten the connecting portion of the bets member can be reduced, as a result, it is possible to provide a crankshaft which weight reduction has been achieved.
According to the invention relating to the crankshaft manufacturing method of the present application, a material in which a counterweight installation portion is set between a plurality of adjacent pin portions and a counterweight member in which an annular portion is formed are prepared. Is inserted into the counterweight installation section, the pin portion and the journal portion of the material are each held by a holding mold, and the counterweight member is parallel to the web portion and the central axis extension line of the journal portion is set. The journal part, the web part, and the pin part are formed by placing the material so as to extend beyond the eccentricity, and the part that becomes the counterweight installation part of the material is caulked in the axial direction. Description with a simple structure that fixes the inserted arranged annular portion, a counterweight only during the phase of the same pin relative to the journal portion Firmly it can be provided, moreover, it is possible to provide a method capable of easily producing a lightened crankshaft.
Further, according to the invention relating to the crankshaft manufacturing method of the present invention, a material in which a counterweight installation portion is set between a plurality of adjacent pin portions and a counterweight member in which an annular portion is formed are prepared. The annular part is inserted into the counterweight installation part and the counterweight member is arranged so as to extend beyond the center axis extension battle of the journal part in parallel with the web part, and the annular part is fixed to the counterweight installation part In this case, the material is eccentrically installed, or the annular part is fixed to the counterweight installation part at the same time as the material is eccentrically installed. At this time, the amount of eccentricity of the counterweight installation portion with respect to the journal portion is formed to be smaller than the amount of eccentricity of the pin portion with respect to the journal portion. The counterweight can be easily and firmly provided only between the pin portions having the same phase with respect to the journal portion, and the connecting portion of the counterweight member can be shortened and the weight portion can be reduced. As a result, a lightweight crankshaft can be provided.
According to the invention relating to the crankshaft manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the holding mold that holds the portion that becomes the pin portion of the material has the counter weight installed in the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion between the adjacent pin portions of the material. With the annular portion formed at the base end portion of the weight member inserted and arranged , the annular portion of the counterweight member can be fixed by compressing and crimping the portion to be the counterweight installation portion in the axial direction. With the simple structure, the annular part of the counterweight member is inserted into the part that becomes the counterweight installation part of the material, and the counterweight member extends beyond the central axis extension line of the journal part in parallel with the web part. In this state, the pin portion and the journal portion are held by holding dies, and the material is added in the axial direction by the axial pressing means. And thereby upset eccentric, when molded crushed portion to be the web portion between the retentive to a predetermined thickness, a portion serving as counterweight installation portion in the counterweight installation section is compressed in the axial direction Since the annular portion of the counterweight member is caulked and fixed, the counterweight can be easily and firmly provided only between the pin portions having the same phase with respect to the journal portion, and a lightweight crankshaft can be easily manufactured. It is possible to provide a device that can

It is the perspective view which showed one Embodiment of the raw material for manufacturing the crankshaft of this invention, and a counterweight member. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state where an annular portion of the counterweight member shown in FIG. 1 is inserted through a counterweight installation portion of a material. FIG. 3 is a front view showing an embodiment of a crankshaft formed by fixing the annular portion of the counterweight member from the state of FIG. 2 to the counterweight installation portion of the material and placing the material. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3. It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the preforming apparatus of this invention of the state in which the raw material shown in FIG. 2 and the counterweight member were set. It is sectional drawing which shows the preforming apparatus of the state which completed the preforming of the raw material from the state of FIG. In one embodiment of the present invention, an exploded perspective view showing a cross section of a journal part holding mold and one of a pin part holding mold and a case formed in a half shape of a manufacturing apparatus for upsetting and molding a material It is. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the journal holding mold and the pin holding mold and the case formed in a halved shape with the material with the counterweight member inserted set in the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which pressurized the raw material from the state of FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of FIG. It is a front view which shows one Embodiment of the raw material which formed the step part in the both ends of the part used as the counterweight installation part in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the preforming apparatus of the state which set the raw material shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the preforming apparatus of the state which completed the preforming of the raw material from the state of FIG. It is the elements on larger scale of FIG. 14 shown in order to demonstrate the state to which the counterweight member was fixed by crimping the step part. In the 2nd Embodiment of this invention, it is the disassembled perspective view which showed one side of the pin part holding | maintenance type | mold shape | molded in the half shape of the manufacturing apparatus for upsetting and forming a raw material. It is explanatory drawing of the state which set the raw material preformed in the state by which the counterweight member was inserted as shown in FIG. 14 to the manufacturing apparatus containing the holding die shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which pressurized the raw material from the state shown in FIG. 17, and was upset-molded. It is sectional drawing which shows the state by which the raw material shown in FIG. 12 was set to the preforming apparatus in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the preforming apparatus of the state which completed the preforming of the raw material from the state of FIG. A crankshaft (a) manufactured by upsetting a preformed material as shown in FIG. 20, and manufactured by upsetting a preformed material as shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing shown in order to compare with the crankshaft (b). In order to compare the case (a) in which the counterweight meat stealing portion is quenched together with the pin portion according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention (b) and the case in which only the pin portion is quenched according to the conventional technique (b) It is explanatory drawing shown.

  First, a first embodiment of a crankshaft 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, the crankshaft 100 has a pair of journal portions J and J that serve as a rotation center axis at both ends of the crankshaft 100, and are eccentric from the journal portion J at the same phase and adjacent to each other. Portions P and P are formed as a pair, and web portions W and W are formed as a pair so as to extend between each journal portion J and each pin portion P, and both pin portions P and P are formed. The counterweight installation part S is set between the counterweight CW and the counterweight CW is arranged in parallel with the web part W so as to extend beyond the central axis extension line C of the journal part J. In the following description and drawings, particularly when the crankshaft 100 is described, the journal portion J, the pin portion P, the web portion W, the counterweight installation portion S, and the counterweight CW are shown in capital letters, and the material 1 or spare When the molded material 10 (to be described later) is described, a part j to be a journal part, a part p to be a pin part, a part w to be a web part, a part s to be a counterweight installation part, and a counter The counter weight member that constitutes the weight is represented by a small letter cw. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are given to similar or corresponding parts.

  The crankshaft 100 of the present invention generally includes journal portions J and J serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of pin portions P and P that are eccentric from the journal portion J and are adjacent to each other, and each journal portion J and each pin. The web portion W, W extending between the portion P and the counterweight CW disposed between the pin portions P, P and extending in parallel with the web portion W beyond the central axis C of the journal portion J And comprises a material 1 that continuously constitutes a pin portion P including a journal portion J, a web portion W, and a counterweight setting portion S, and a counterweight member cw that constitutes a counterweight CW. Has been. A pin portion P including the journal portion J, the web portion W, and the counterweight installation portion S is formed by placing the material 1 or 10 eccentrically. A counterweight installation portion S is provided between the pin portions P adjacent to each other. Further, the counterweight member cw has an annular portion 50 formed at the base end portion thereof. A counterweight CW is configured by inserting the material 1 through the annular portion 50 and arranging and fixing the annular portion 50 to the counterweight installation portion S.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a material 1 and a counterweight member cw used for manufacturing the crankshaft of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows that the material 1 is inserted through the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw. FIG. 3 is a front view of a crankshaft 100 formed by upsetting the material 1 or 10, and FIG. 4 is a longitudinal side view of FIG. It should be noted that the counterweight member cw shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and FIGS. 3 and 4 are shown in a state where the directions of the counterweight CW are opposite to each other.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the crankshaft 100 includes a material 1 and a counterweight member cw. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the material 1 is composed of a metal material of a rod shape or a linear shape (generally called a rod shape) having a circular cross section and a uniform diameter throughout. Between the portions p and p that become the pin portions of the material 1, a portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion is set. On the other hand, the counterweight member cw is integrally formed with an annular portion 50 at the base end portion, a weight portion 51 at the distal end portion, and a connecting portion 52 that connects the annular portion 50 and the weight portion 51. The inner diameter of the annular portion 50 is formed to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the portion s so that the annular portion 50 can be inserted into the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material 1. Further, the weight portion 51 is controlled based on the mass of the counterweight member cw, the length of the connecting portion 52, the amount of eccentricity of the pin portion P with respect to the journal portion J, or the magnitude of the moment of inertia that the pin portion P receives. The size is set so as to cancel the vibration generated in the shaft. Such a counterweight member cw can be easily formed by punching or forging.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the counterweight member cw formed in this way has the material 1 inserted through the annular portion 50, and the annular portion 50 is disposed in the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion. When the material 1 is placed in this state, the pin portion P is eccentric by a predetermined amount with respect to the journal portion J, and the web portion W is crushed and molded to a predetermined thickness, as shown in FIGS. Further, a pair of journal portions J, J are formed at both ends, a pair of pin portions P, P are formed continuously at both ends of the counterweight installation portion S, and a pair of web portions W, W are provided. It is formed so as to extend between the end portions of the pin portions P and P and the respective journal portions J and J, and an annular portion 50 is inserted and fixed to the counterweight installation portion S to constitute a counterweight CW. The crankshaft 100 thus formed is formed. In addition, in order to fix the counterweight installation part S and the annular part 50 of the crankshaft 100 of the present invention, it can be fixed by various methods such as laser welding, caulking, and key joining. The fixing by caulking will be described in detail later.

  The crankshaft having the structure described above can be easily configured by simply inserting the rod-shaped material 1 into the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw and performing eccentric upsetting, and the counterweight installation portion is provided in the annular portion 50. Since S is inserted, the counterweight CW is firmly installed with respect to the counterweight installation part S. In addition, the crankshaft having the above-described structure is provided with a pair of the web portion and the journal portion even though the pin portions P and P having the same phase are provided in a pair, and the crankshaft of the crankshaft is configured with a single counterweight. Since the rotation balance can be ensured, the weight of the entire crankshaft can be reduced.

Next, the first embodiment of the crankshaft 100 manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 5 to 11 in the case of manufacturing the crankshaft 100 configured as described above.
The manufacturing apparatus of the crankshaft 100 of the present invention generally includes journal portions J and J serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of pin portions P and P that are decentered at the same phase from the journal portion J and adjacent to each other, and a journal portion J. And the web portions W and W extending between the pin portions P and P, respectively, and the web portion W disposed between the pin portions P and P in parallel with the web portion W, exceeding the central axis extension line JC of the journal portion J. It has a counterweight CW that extends, and is composed of a material 1 or 10 that continuously forms a journal portion J, a web portion W, and a pin portion P, and a counterweight member cw that forms the counterweight CW. And a holding mold 30, 31 for holding the parts j, j to be the journal part and the parts p, p to be the pin part of the material 1 or 10, respectively. An axial pressurizing means 33 is provided that pressurizes the material 1 or 10 in the axial direction and places the material w eccentrically, and crushes the portion w serving as the web portion between the holding dies 30 and 31 to form a predetermined thickness. The holding mold 31 that holds the upset molding device 3 and holds the portion p that becomes the pin portion has a counterweight on the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion between the pin portions p and p adjacent to each other. In a state where the annular portion 50 formed at the base end portion of the member cw is inserted and disposed, the portions p and p serving as the pin portions can be held. Further, in the crankshaft manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the portion p which becomes the pin portion of the material 1 in a state where the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw is inserted and disposed in the portion s which becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material 1. , P in the direction perpendicular to the axis, and in the axial direction so that the axial positions of the portions p, p serving as the pin portions and the portions j, j serving as the journal portions adjacent thereto are brought closer to each other, The portions p and p that become the pin portions of the web portion are displaced by a predetermined amount with respect to the portions j and j that become the journal portions, and the portions w and w that become the web portions become portions p and p that become the pin portions with a predetermined thickness. And a preforming device 2 that bends the portion j, j that becomes the journal portion.

  5 and 6 are shown for explaining the preforming of the material 1 and the configuration of the preforming apparatus. FIGS. 7 to 11 show the upsetting of the preformed material 10 and the setting. It is shown in order to demonstrate the structure of a molding apparatus. That is, the crankshaft manufacturing apparatus in this embodiment includes a preforming apparatus 2 for preforming the material 1 and an upsetting apparatus 3 for upsetting the preformed material 10. ing. In this embodiment, the preformed material is referred to as a rough shape material 10.

  In the case of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the preforming device 2 is a punch 20 that restrains and grips a portion p that is a pin portion of the material 1, and a pin portion that is gripped by the punch 20 of the material 1. Dies 21 and 21 that restrain and grip a portion j that becomes a journal portion adjacent to the portion p, and an axis orthogonal direction driving means that drives the punch 20 to be displaced in the axis orthogonal direction of the material relative to the die 21. 25 and an axial drive main stage 26 (described later) for driving the die 21 in the axial direction of the material 1 so as to approach the punch 20, and a portion p serving as a pin portion of the material is defined as a journal portion. The portion w that is the web portion is bent by a predetermined thickness with respect to the portion p that is the pin portion and the portion j that is the journal portion. . The punch 20 is a pin adjacent to both sides of the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion in a state where the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw is inserted into the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion of the material 1. It is formed in a shape that can grip the parts p, p to be parts.

  The punch 20 pressurizes the material 1 by the axis orthogonal direction driving means 25 to deviate the portion p that becomes the pin portion including the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion from the portion j that becomes the journal portion and becomes the web portion. A main body 20a that is formed so as to crush the portion w, and a punch presser 20b that is provided below the main body 20a and holds a portion p that is a pin portion including a portion s that is a counterweight installation portion of the material 1 ing. The punch 20 is attached to the lower surface of the upper board 23. The upper board 23 is connected to the axis orthogonal direction drive means 25. As the axis orthogonal direction drive means 25, for example, a ram of a press machine that extends and retracts in the axis orthogonal direction of the material 1 can be employed. The main body 20a of the punch 20 has a space 22 for accommodating the counterweight member cw at a substantially central portion thereof. The main body 20a and the punch presser 20b have portions that grip the portions p and p corresponding to the portions p and p that are pin portions of the material 1. Further, the portions of the punch presser 20b that hold the portions p and p that are the pin portions of the material 1 are connected to each other so that the interval between the portions p and p that are the pin portions of the material 1 does not vary in the axial direction. Configured to get. The punch presser 20b can be detached from the main body 20a so that it can be opened and closed or detached. In the material 1, the counterweight member cw in which the annular portion 50 is inserted and disposed in the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion in the state where the punch presser 20b is opened or removed from the main body 20a is accommodated in the space 22. The pin portion is arranged so as to correspond to the gripped portion, and then the punch presser 20b is closed or attached to the main body 20a and held by a clamp or the like so that the portions p and p that become the pin portion are gripped. Is done.

  As with the punch 20, the die 21 includes a main body 21 a that is formed so as to crush a portion w that becomes a web portion between the die 20 and a portion that is provided above the main body 21 a and serves as a journal portion j of the material 1. The die presser 21b can be attached to the main body 21a so that it can be opened and closed or detached. The die 21 is provided on the upper surface of the lower board 24 so as to be movable in the axial direction.

  The axial driving means 26 can be constituted by a cam mechanism that moves so as to approach each other as the upper board 23 descends. The cam mechanism 26 constituting the axial direction drive means is constituted by a drive cam 26a and a driven cam 26b. The drive cam 26a is provided on the upper board 23 so as not to move in the axial direction, and the driven cam 26b is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction and connected to the die 21. When the drive cam 26a is pushed down as the upper plate 23 is lowered, the pair of dies 21 and 21 are moved in the axial direction so as to approach each other by the driven cam 26b. The axial drive means 26 is not limited to the cam mechanism, and may be constituted by other actuators such as a hydraulic cylinder that extends and retracts in the axial direction of the material 1 (left and right direction in FIGS. 5 and 6). it can.

  On the other hand, the upsetting apparatus 3 in this embodiment includes a case 32 that restrains the holding dies 30 and 31 so as to be slidable in the axial direction. A holding die 31 that holds at least a portion p that becomes a pin portion slides in an axially movable manner with respect to the inner peripheral surface of the case 32, and the case 32 is held by the axial slide 41. And a radial slide 42 slidably movable in the radial direction.

  The case 32 is composed of a pair of members 32A and 32B obtained by dividing a cylinder in half along the axial direction. The case 32 is supported so that the members 32A and 32B can be opened and closed relatively, and the case 32 is clamped with a predetermined force so as not to open carelessly during molding. 8 and 10, the end surface of one member 32A or 32B of the case 32 is shown, but it should be noted that the shape is hatched so that the shape can be easily specified.

  The holding mold 30 (holding journal section holding mold) 30 that holds the portion j that becomes the journal section of the material 1 or 10 has an outer peripheral shape similar to the inner peripheral shape of the case 32, and is more than the inner peripheral surface of the case 32. It is molded slightly smaller. Each journal holding mold 30 is formed with a holding portion 30a for holding a portion j to be a journal portion on one side thereof. The holding portion 30a is easily formed by drilling a hole having an inner diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the portion j to be the journal portion and a depth corresponding to the axial length of the portion j to be the journal portion. Can be formed. In this embodiment, in order to manufacture the crankshaft 100 having the journal portions J, J only at both ends, the journal portion holding mold 30 is configured as a pair. Each journal holding mold 30 is formed in a half-like shape like the pin holding molds 31A and 31B (the configuration of the half-shaped pin holding molds 31A and 31B will be described later). 7 may be integrally formed so as to include a portion indicated by a chain line.

  A holding mold 31 (referred to as a pin section holding mold) 31 that holds a portion p that becomes a pin portion of the material 1 or 10 is a pair of halves 31A that can hold and take out the material 1 or the coarse shaped material 10. , 31B. The axial slide 41 of the pin portion holding die 31 has an axial length between ends of both pin portions P and P (including the counterweight installation portion S) of the crankshaft 100 to be molded and both ends of the pin portion P. It is formed in a plate shape having substantially the same thickness as the thickness of the two web portions W, W to be supported, and the outer peripheral shape is similar to the inner peripheral shape of the case 32. It is formed slightly smaller than the inner surface of the case 32 so that it can slide in the axial direction inside the case 32. The axial slide 41 of the pin portion holding mold 31 has a diameter corresponding to the shape and size of the web portion W of the crankshaft 100 to be molded, and the size (width and length) of the weight portion of the counterweight. The openings 43 extending in the direction are formed on both surfaces so as to penetrate in the thickness direction, respectively, and are constituted by a pair of members 41A and 41B divided in the middle along the longitudinal direction of the openings 43. ing. Further, a groove 44 for slidably receiving the side edge of the radial slide 42 is formed on the longitudinal side wall of the opening 43.

  On the other hand, the radial slide 42 of the pin portion holding mold 31 has a thickness that is substantially the same as the axial length between the ends of both pin portions P, P (including the counterweight installation portion) of the crankshaft 100 to be molded. And a width that can be supported by the groove 44 of the axial slide 41 and restrained in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction, and a portion s that becomes a counterweight installation portion of the material 1 or 10 as shown in FIGS. A portion which becomes a pin portion of the material 1 or 10 in the groove 44 in a state where the connecting portion 52 of the counterweight member cw in which the annular portion 50 is inserted is accommodated in the space 45 and the weight portion 51 protrudes from the space 45. It is formed in a plate shape having a length that can move up to an eccentric length from p to the pin portion P of the crankshaft. The radial slide 42 is formed with a space 45 for accommodating the annular portion 50 and the connecting portion 52 of the counterweight member cw at substantially the center in the thickness direction. A hole 46 is formed between the surface of 42 to hold a portion p that becomes a pin portion. The radial slide 42 is configured by a pair of members 42A and 42B that are divided in half by dividing lines formed on imaginary lines that pass through the center of the hole 46 and extend in the eccentric direction of the pin portion P with respect to the journal portion J. . 8 and 10, the end surfaces of one member 41A, 42A or 41B, 42B of the axial slide 41 and the radial slide 42 of the pin portion holding mold 31 are shown. Note that the shape is hatched so that the shape can be easily specified.

Next, the first embodiment of the crankshaft manufacturing method of the present invention is applied to the crank as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 using the manufacturing apparatus configured as shown in FIGS. Depending on the case of manufacturing the shaft, the operation of the manufacturing apparatus and the effects thereof will be described.
The method of manufacturing the crankshaft 100 of the present invention generally includes journal portions J and J serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of pin portions P and P that are decentered from the journal portion J at the same phase and are adjacent to each other, and a journal portion J. And the web portions W and W extending between the pin portions P and P, respectively, and the web portion W disposed between the pin portions P and P in parallel with the web portion W, exceeding the central axis extension line JC of the journal portion J. The crankshaft 100 having an extended counterweight CW is manufactured, and the counterweight CW is configured with a material 1 that continuously includes a journal portion J, a web portion W, and a pin portion P. A counterweight member cw is prepared, and an annular portion 50 is formed at the base end of the counterweight member cw, and the counterweight is interposed between the portions p and p of the material 1. The portion s to be the mounting portion is set, the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw is inserted and fixed in the portion s to be the counterweight setting portion of the material 1, and the material 1 or 10 is added in the axial direction. The journal portions J and J, the web portions W and W, and the pin portions P and P are formed by pressing and eccentrically placing them.

  Further, in the crankshaft manufacturing method of the present invention, in general, prior to the upsetting, the pin 1 in the state in which the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw is inserted and disposed in the portion s which becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material 1 The portions p and p to be the portions are pressed in the direction perpendicular to the axis, and the axial positions of the portions p and p to be the pin portions and the portions j and j to be the journal portions adjacent thereto are brought closer to each other. The portions p and p that become the pin portions of the material 1 are displaced by a predetermined amount with respect to the portions j and j that become the journal portions, and the portions w and w that become the web portions are pinned with a predetermined thickness. The parts p and p to be the parts and the parts to be the journal parts j and j are preliminarily bent to form a rough shaped member 10, and the pre-formed rough shaped member 10 is pressed in the axial direction to be eccentric. It is to include.

  When preforming the material 1, as shown in FIG. 5, first, the rod-shaped material 1 is placed so that the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member is positioned in the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material 1. While inserting the counterweight member cw into the space 22 of the main body 20a of the punch 20 in this state and inserting the counterweight member cw into the annular portion of the counterweight member cw, the punches 20 grip the portions p and p that become the pin portions of the material 1. The parts j and j that become the journal part of the material 1 are gripped by the dies 21 and 21, respectively. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, the counter member cw is positioned by the space 22 of the main body 20 b, and the material 1 inserted through the annular portion 50 is gripped and positioned by the die 21. The annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw is accurately positioned with respect to the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion.

  From this state, as shown in FIG. 6, the upper plate 23 is lowered with respect to the lower plate 24 to move the punch 20 in the direction orthogonal to the axis of the material 1 and pressurize it. 21 and 21 are moved in the axial direction so as to approach the punch 20 and pressurized. The portions p and p that become the pin portion of the material 1 are deviated by a predetermined amount from the portion j that becomes the journal portion. Along with this, the axial drive means 26 constituted by the cam mechanisms 26a and 26b and so Are moved toward each other to bend the portion w serving as the pin portion and the portion w serving as the web portion located between the portion j serving as the journal portion to a predetermined angle. At this time, when the punch 20 is moved in the direction orthogonal to the axis of the material 1 and the dies 21 and 21 are moved in the axial direction so as to be close to each other, the portion w that becomes the web portion of the rough shaped material 10 becomes The punch 20 is pressed and crushed between the main body 20a of the punch 20 and the main body 21a of the die 21 to be molded to a predetermined thickness, and at a predetermined angle with respect to the portion j serving as the journal and the portion p serving as the pin. It will be bent. In the rough shape member 10, a portion s which becomes a counterweight installation portion is inserted and arranged in the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw.

  In this way, when the rod-shaped material 1 is preformed to form the rough shaped material 10, the eccentric upsetting can be performed later with a small molding resistance, and therefore the crankshaft can be easily and reliably accurately. Can be manufactured. Further, when the dies 21 and 21 are moved toward each other at the time of preforming, the force to press the portion p that becomes the pin portion and the portion j that becomes the journal portion in the direction perpendicular to the axis is small, and the portion w that becomes the web portion is reduced. It can be easily and accurately bent at a predetermined angle with respect to the portion p serving as the pin portion and the portion j serving as the journal portion.

  Next, when the pre-formed rough profile 10 is formed by upsetting, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the portion p which becomes the pin portion and the journal portion of the pre-formed rough shape 10 j and 30 are respectively held by holding molds of the upsetting apparatus 3 at 30 and 31. At this time, the counterweight member cw in which the annular portion 50 is inserted and disposed in the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion is accommodated in the space 45 of the radial slide 42 of the pin portion holding mold 31, and the counterweight installation portion Portions p and p which are pin portions located on both sides of the portion s are held in holes 46 and 46 of the radial slide 42, respectively.

  In this state, the holding dies 30 and 31 holding the rough shape member 10 are accommodated in the case 32 and pressed in the axial direction by the axial pressing means 33 as indicated by arrows in FIGS. 10 and 11. At this time, it slides with respect to the groove 44 of the axial slide 41 until the radial slide 42 abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the case 32. Therefore, the amount of eccentricity of the portion p that becomes the pin portion of the rough shape member 10 with respect to the portion j that becomes the journal portion changes to the amount of eccentricity of the pin portion P with respect to the journal portion J of the crankshaft 100. Then, the portions w and w that become the web portion of the rough shaped member 10 are crushed between the journal portion holding die 30 and the radial slide 42 of the pin portion holding die 31 in the opening 43 of the axial slide 41. The web portions W, W having a predetermined pitch and a predetermined thickness are formed with respect to the pin portions P, P.

  In this embodiment, the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw and the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material 1 may be fixed by welding or the like, and preforming and eccentric upsetting may be performed. In addition, the preforming is performed in a state where the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion of the material 1 is inserted and arranged in the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw, and then the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw and the rough shape member 10 are formed. The portion s to be the counterweight installation portion may be fixed by welding or the like, followed by eccentric upsetting, and further, the counterweight installation portion of the material 1 may be formed on the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw. Is preformed in a state where the portion s is inserted and arranged, followed by eccentric upsetting, and then the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw A counterweight installation portion S of the rank shaft 100 may be fixed by welding or the like.

  Further, in the present invention, the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw is inserted and disposed in the portion s which becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material 1 without performing preforming, and the journal portion of the material 1 is placed in the holding dies 30 and 31. Alternatively, the eccentric upsetting may be performed by holding the portion j to be and the portion p to be the pin portion. Further, the present invention includes pressing in the axial direction without holding the holding dies 30 and 31 in the case 32 during the eccentric upsetting.

Thus, when the pin part holding die 31 of the upsetting apparatus 3 is constituted by the axial slide 41 and the radial slide 42, the pin of the material 1 or the rough shaped member 10 is accompanied with the eccentric upsetting. From the amount of eccentricity of the portion p serving as the portion relative to the portion j serving as the journal portion, it is possible to reliably cope with a change in the amount of eccentricity of the pin portion P of the crankshaft 100 relative to the journal portion J, and to accurately decenter the pin portion P. Can be made.
In addition, the journal part holding die 30 and the pin part holding mold 31 of the upsetting apparatus 3 are accommodated in the case 32 and restrained, so that the eccentric upsetting of the material 1 or the rough shaped material 10 can be reliably and accurately performed. It can be carried out.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the description of the second embodiment, parts that are the same as or correspond to those in the first embodiment described above are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted, and parts that are different from the first embodiment. I will explain only.

  In this embodiment of the present invention, the crankshaft 100 has an annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw and at least one of the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw and the counterweight installation portion s of the material 1 or 10 is caulked. The part 50 is fixed to the counterweight installation part S. 13 to 15 show a case where the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw is caulked and fixed by plastically deforming a step portion 6 (described later) of the portion s which will be the counterweight installation portion in the preforming step. FIGS. 16 to 18 show the annular shape of the counterweight member cw by compressing the step portion 6 of the portion s which becomes the counterweight installation portion in the eccentric upsetting process in the axial direction. It is shown in order to explain the case where the part 50 is caulked and fixed.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the material 1 in this embodiment is formed so that the cross-sectional area of the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion is larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion p serving as the pin portion. Step portions 6 and 6 are formed at both ends which are boundaries between the portion s serving as the installation portion and the portion p serving as each pin portion. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the portion j that becomes the journal portion and the portion w that becomes the web portion of the material 1 are formed so as to have substantially the same cross-sectional area as the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion. Yes. Such a material 1 is made of, for example, a rod-shaped metal material having a cross-sectional area of a portion j that becomes a journal portion as a whole, a portion w that becomes a web portion, and a portion s that becomes a counterweight installation portion. The portion p to be formed can be formed by cutting into a predetermined cross-sectional area.

  The punch of the preforming device 2 is configured to plastically deform the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion by pressing the portion p serving as the pin portion in the direction orthogonal to the axis, and to form the annular portion of the counterweight member cw in the counterweight installation portion S. 50 is configured in a shape capable of caulking and fixing. That is, as shown in a partial cross section in an enlarged manner in FIG. 15, a portion 20c corresponding to the step portion 6 of the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion of the punch body 20a to the end face of the annular portion 50 of the counterweight member cw. Is formed in a tapered shape so as to be inclined.

  In the preforming apparatus 2 configured in this way, as shown in FIG. 13, the portions p and p that become the pin portion of the material 1 are gripped between the punch body and the punch presser, and the portion that becomes the journal portion As shown in FIG. 14, the upper plate 23 is lowered with respect to the lower plate 24, and the punch 20 is moved in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the material 1 to pressurize it. 21 and 21 are moved in the axial direction so as to approach the punch 20 and pressurized. At this time, the upper part from the step part 6 of the part s which becomes the counterweight installation part of the material 1 to the end face of the annular part 50 of the counterweight member cw is pressed by the tapered part 20c of the punch body 20a. As a result, the material is plastically deformed to flow upward. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15, the meat in the vicinity of the step portion of the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material 1 rises and the end surface of the annular portion 50 is caulked. The step of caulking the end face of the annular portion 50 can be easily performed simultaneously with the preforming of the material 1 simply by providing the punch 20 with a portion 20c for plastically deforming the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material 1. it can.

  When the caulking 50 can fix the annular portion 50 and the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion with sufficient strength, the caulking portion 6 is compressed in the axial direction with respect to the step portion 6 described later (FIG. 18). Can be omitted, and when caulking is performed on the stepped portion 6 in the axial direction, the caulking by compressing in the axial direction can be performed. It can serve as a temporary fixing as a pre-process.

Next, the upsetting apparatus in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Also in this embodiment, the case where the rough shape 10 formed by preforming the raw material 1 is upset-formed will be described, but the present invention is limited to the case where the rough shape 10 is upset-formed. Absent.
In the upsetting apparatus in this embodiment, the holding die 31 that holds the portion p that becomes the pin portion compresses and caulks the portion s that becomes the counterweight setting portion in the axial direction, and the counterweight setting portion S counters the counterweight setting portion S. It is comprised in the shape which can fix the cyclic | annular part 50 of the weight member cw.

  FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view showing only one of the pin part holding molds 31A and 31B configured in a half-divided shape. The axial slides 41A and 41B of the pin part holding mold 31 in this embodiment are shown in FIG. The upper and lower axial slides 41a and 41b (in the drawing) are constituted by the upper and lower radial slides 41a and 41b, respectively. The upper and lower radial slides 42a and 42B (in the drawing) are respectively formed by the upper and lower radial slides 42a and 42b. It is configured. Since the upper radial slide 42a and the lower radial slide 42b are configured in half, the other upper radial slide and the lower radial slide, which are not shown in FIG. , 46 can hold the portions p and p which become the pin portions of the material 1 or the rough shape member 10 respectively. Further, since the upper axial slide 41a and the lower axial slide 41b are also halved, the upper axial slide 41a and the lower axial slide not shown in FIG. Each of the radial slide 42a and the lower radial slide 42b can be slidably held. The upper axial slide 41a and the lower axial slide 41b have a stepped portion 6 of the portion s in which the thickness in the axial direction in which both 41a and 41b are combined becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material 1 or the rough shaped material 10. The axial length between 6 is set to be slightly shorter. Therefore, the upper radial slide 42a and the lower radial slide 42b are respectively attached to the portions p and p which become the pin portions of the rough shape member 10 (in the case shown in FIG. 17) and held in the holes 46, and this upper radial slide When the upper axial slide 41a and the lower axial slide 41b are respectively held by the upper axial slide 41a and the lower axial slide 41b, a gap M is formed between the upper axial slide 41a and the lower axial slide 41b. . Moreover, the hole 46 of the radial direction slide 42 which comprises the pin part holding | maintenance type | mold 31 is shape | molded by the diameter according to the cross-sectional area of the part p used as a pin part. Therefore, a portion around the hole 46 on one surface of the radial slide 42 is in contact with the step portion 6, and therefore, when the material 1 or the rough shape member 10 is pressed in the axial direction, the step portion 6 is pivoted. It is possible to compress in the direction.

  In the upsetting apparatus 3 configured as described above, the rough shaped member 10 (in the case of this embodiment) is held by the holding dies 30 and 31 and accommodated in the case 32, and the axial pressurizing means 33 is used for the shaft. The upper axial slide 41a and the lower axial slide 41b with a gap M formed therebetween are brought into contact with each other. As a result, as shown in FIG. 18, the stepped portion 6 of the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the rough shape member 10 is compressed in the axial direction, and the annular portion that is inserted and arranged in the portion s that becomes the counterweight installation portion. 50 can be fixed by caulking. The step of caulking the portion s to be the counterweight installation portion and fixing the annular portion 50 is performed by forming stepped portions 6 at both ends of the portion s to be the counterweight installation portion of the material 1 and in the axial direction during upsetting. It is only necessary to use the force to pressurize, and it can be easily performed simultaneously with the upsetting process. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform a process such as welding for fixing the portion s to be the counterweight installation portion and the annular portion 50.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Note that parts that are the same as or correspond to those in the first and second embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted, and only parts that are different from the first and second embodiments are described. I will do it.

  The preforming device 2 regulates the deviation of the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion with respect to the portion j serving as the journal portion, and determines the amount of eccentricity of the counterweight installation portion S relative to the journal portion J to the journal portion J of the pin portion P. Further, an eccentric amount regulating means 27 for reducing the amount of eccentricity relative to is further provided.

  In the case of this embodiment, the eccentricity regulating means 27 is configured by a block disposed on the upper surface of the lower plate 24 of the preforming device 2 and at a position corresponding to the portion s serving as the counter installation portion. . The block 27 has a predetermined height. The punch presser 20b in this embodiment has a through hole 28 through which the block 27 can pass.

  In the preforming apparatus 2 configured in this way, as shown in FIG. 19, the portions p and p that become the pin portion of the material 1 are gripped between the punch body 20a and the punch presser 20b, and the journal portion and As shown in FIG. 20, the upper plate 23 is lowered with respect to the lower plate 24 to move the punch 20 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the material 1 and pressurize it. At the same time, the dies 21 and 21 are moved in the axial direction so as to approach the punch 20 and pressurized. At this time, the portions p and p that become the pin portions are pressed in the direction orthogonal to the axis by the punch main body 20a and deviate from the portion j that becomes the journal portion by a predetermined amount. However, since the portion s (actually, the annular portion 50 inserted and arranged in this portion) that becomes the counterweight installation portion is brought into contact with the block 27, it becomes the journal portion in the same manner as the portions p and p that become the pin portion. Deviation to a predetermined amount with respect to the portion j is hindered, and the amount of deviation with respect to the portion j that becomes the journal portion is regulated. Therefore, the amount of deviation of the portion s serving as the counterweight installation portion of the rough profile 10 with respect to the portion j serving as the journal portion is smaller than the amount of deviation of the portion p serving as the pin portion from the portion j serving as the journal portion. It is formed to be.

  Then, when the preformed rough profile 10 is upset, the amount of displacement of the counterweight installation portion S with respect to the journal portion J as shown in FIG. It becomes smaller than the deviation amount with respect to the journal part J. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 21B, when the counterweight installation portion S is arranged concentrically with the pin portion P, that is, the deviation amount of the counterweight installation portion S with respect to the journal portion J and the pin portion. Compared to the case where the displacement amount of P with respect to the journal portion J is set to be the same, the connecting portion 52 of the counterweight CW can be shortened, and the weight portion 51 can be made small. The weight of the entire shaft 100 can be reduced.

  Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment as well, the same or corresponding parts as those in the first to third embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, the description thereof is omitted, and only different parts are described. 22A is a partial cross-sectional view of the crankshaft 100 according to this embodiment. FIG. 22B is a cross-sectional view of the connecting portion 52 for comparison with the crankshaft 100 according to this embodiment. The crankshaft 100 'in the case of being formed with substantially the same cross-sectional area over the entire length is partially shown in cross section.

  The connecting portion 52 of the counterweight member cw in this embodiment is a meat stealing portion 52a having a reduced cross-sectional area in a portion from the annular portion 50 side to a portion corresponding to the central axis extension line C of the journal portion J. Is formed, and the meat stealing portion 52a is quenched.

  Here, in general, the pin portion P of the crankshaft 100 ′ is subjected to a quenching process in order to harden the surface thereof at a predetermined depth, as shown in FIG. The high frequency induction heating coil 7 ′ used for the quenching process is formed in a shape having a width facing the pin portion P. When performing the quenching process, the high-frequency induction heating coil 7 ′ is brought close to the pin portion P, the crankshaft 100 ′ is rotated around the pin portion P, and the surface of the pin portion P is heated to a predetermined temperature. To do. The connecting portion 52 'of the counterweight member cw in this case has substantially the same cross-sectional area throughout, and the meat stealing portion 52a referred to in FIG. 22 (a) is not formed.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 22A, the connecting portion 52 of the counterweight member cw extends from the annular portion 50 side to the portion corresponding to the central axis extension line C of the journal portion J. A meat stealing portion 52a having a reduced cross-sectional area is formed in the intermediate portion to reduce the weight, and a quenching process is performed to ensure the strength of the meat stealing portion 52a. The high frequency induction heating coil 7 used for the quenching process has a portion 7a that is heated to face the pin portion P and a portion 7b that is heated to face the meat stealing portion 52a of the connecting portion 52 of the counterweight CW. Yes. When performing the quenching process, the portion 7a of the high-frequency induction heating coil 7 is brought close to the pin portion P and the portion 7b is brought close to the meat stealing portion 52a of the connecting portion 52 so that the crankshaft 100 is centered on the pin portion P. Are rotated to simultaneously heat the surfaces of the pinned portion P and the meat stealing portion 52a of the connecting portion 52 to a predetermined temperature, thereby forming the quenched portion Y at a predetermined depth. Thus, by quenching the meat stealing portion 52a of the connecting portion 52 at the same time as the quenching processing of the pin portion P that is generally performed, it is possible to easily and without increasing costs, processes, time required for the quenching processing, and the like. The counterweight CW that ensures the strength can be provided, and the crankshaft 100 can be further reduced in weight.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment described with reference to the crankshaft having two pin portions. The crank is formed when three or more pin portions are formed and a counterweight is provided between the pin portions. It can also be applied to shafts. And this invention is applicable also when manufacturing the crankshaft used for engines other than an internal combustion engine. In addition, the preforming process and the upsetting process can be performed hot or cold at a predetermined temperature as required.

1: Material, 10: Coarse shape, 100: Crankshaft, Counterweight: CW, 50: Annular part, 51: Weight part, 52 connecting part, 52a Meat stealing part, P: Pin part, J: Journal part, W : Web part, S: counterweight installation part, p: part to be pin part, j: part to be journal part, w: part to be web part, s: part to be counterweight installation part, 6: step part, cw: counterweight member 2: pre-forming device, 20: punch, 21: die, 22: space (counterweight member housing portion), 27: block (eccentric amount regulating means),
3: Upsetting apparatus, 30: Journal holding type, 31: Pin holding type, 32: Case, 33: Axial pressing means, 41: Axial sliding, 42: Radial sliding, 45: Space (Counter Weight member housing)
7: high frequency induction coil, 7a: part for heating the pin part, 7b: part for heating the meat stealing part

Claims (13)

A journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of adjacent pin portions decentered at the same phase from the journal portion, a web portion extending between the journal portion and each pin portion, and the adjacent pins A counterweight disposed between the webs and extending in parallel with the web and beyond the central axis of the journal,
The journal portion, the web portion, and the pin portion are continuously formed of a material, and the counter weight member is included in the counter weight portion.
The counterweight member has an annular portion at its proximal end;
The material has a counterweight installation portion between the portions that become the pin portions adjacent to each other, and the cross-sectional area of the counterweight installation portion is formed larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion that becomes the pin portion. Step portions are formed at both ends of the portion to be the counterweight installation portion, and the counterweight installation portion of the material is inserted into the annular portion of the counterweight member, and the step portions at both ends are compressed in the axial direction. The counterweight installation part is caulked, and the counterweight is configured by the annular part of the counterweight member being fixed to the counterweight installation part,
A crankshaft in which the journal portion, the web portion, and the pin portion are formed by eccentrically placing the material. A journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of adjacent pin portions decentered at the same phase from the journal portion, a web portion extending between the journal portion and each pin portion, and the adjacent pins A counterweight disposed between the webs and extending in parallel with the web and beyond the central axis of the journal,
The journal portion, the web portion, and the pin portion are continuously formed of a material, and the counter weight member is included in the counter weight portion.
The counterweight member has an annular portion at its proximal end;
The material has a counterweight installation part between the parts that become the pin parts adjacent to each other,
The counterweight is configured by inserting and fixing the counterweight installation portion of the material to the annular portion of the counterweight member,
The journal part, the web part, and the pin part are molded by placing the material eccentrically,
The counterweight eccentricity with respect to the journal portion of the installation section, wherein the to torque crankshafts to be less than the amount of eccentricity with respect to the journal portion of the pin portion. A journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of adjacent pin portions decentered at the same phase from the journal portion, a web portion extending between the journal portion and each pin portion, and the adjacent pins A crankshaft having a counterweight disposed between sections and extending parallel to the web section and beyond the central axis of the journal section,
A material that continuously constitutes the journal part, the web part, and the pin part, and a counterweight member that constitutes the counterweight part are prepared,
While forming an annular portion at the base end portion of the counterweight member, a counterweight installation portion is set between portions that are adjacent pin portions of the material,
In a state where the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material is inserted and arranged in the annular portion of the counterweight member, the portion that becomes the pin portion of the material and the portion that becomes the journal are each held by a holding mold,
By pressing the raw material in the axial direction, the portion that becomes the web portion is crushed between the journal portion holding die and the pin portion holding die, and upset to a predetermined thickness, thereby forming the journal portion and the web portion. And a method of manufacturing a crankshaft , wherein a pin portion is formed, and a portion to be a counterweight installation portion of the material is caulked in an axial direction to fix an annular portion inserted and disposed in the portion . The cross-sectional area of the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material is formed larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion that becomes the pin portion, and step portions are formed at both ends of the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion. 4. The method of manufacturing a crankshaft according to claim 3 , wherein the stepped portion is compressed in the axial direction to crimp the portion to be the counterweight installation portion and fix the annular portion inserted and arranged in the portion. A journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of adjacent pin portions decentered at the same phase from the journal portion, a web portion extending between the journal portion and each pin portion, and the adjacent pins A crankshaft having a counterweight disposed between sections and extending parallel to the web section and beyond the central axis of the journal section,
A material that continuously constitutes the journal part, the web part, and the pin part, and a counterweight member that constitutes the counterweight part are prepared,
While forming an annular portion at the base end portion of the counterweight member, a counterweight installation portion is set between portions that are adjacent pin portions of the material,
A portion that becomes a counterweight installation portion of the material is inserted and arranged in an annular portion of the counterweight member, and is fixed to a portion that becomes a counterweight installation portion of the material or the counterweight installation portion, and the material is axially arranged. Forming the journal part, web part, and pin part by pressurizing and eccentric upsetting,
Method of manufacturing features and to torque crankshafts that the eccentricity with respect to the journal portion of the counterweight installation unit, forming less than eccentricity relative to the journal portion of the pin portion. In a state where the annular portion of the counterweight member is inserted and arranged in the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material, the portion that becomes the pin portion is pressurized in the direction orthogonal to the axis, and the portion that becomes the pin portion and the portion adjacent thereto Axial pressure is applied so that the axial position of the journal portion is shifted toward each other, and the pin portion of the material is displaced by a predetermined amount with respect to the journal portion, and the web portion comprising portions bent relative to the portion that becomes the portion serving as the journal portion pin portion at a predetermined thickness Rutotomoni, at least one counterweight installation portion of the annular portion and the material of the counterweight member is crimped, the Pre-molding to fix the annular part of the counterweight member to the counterweight installation part ,
The crankshaft manufacturing method according to any one of claims 3 to 5 , wherein the preformed material is pressed in an axial direction to be eccentrically installed. The crankshaft according to claim 6 , wherein, in the preforming, movement of the portion serving as the counterweight installation portion is restricted in a direction orthogonal to the axis, and the portion serving as the pin portion is pressurized in the direction orthogonal to the axis. Manufacturing method. A journal portion serving as a rotation center axis, a plurality of adjacent pin portions decentered at the same phase from the journal portion, a web portion extending between the journal portion and each pin portion, and the adjacent pins A counterweight disposed between the webs and extending in parallel with the web and beyond the central axis of the journal,
An apparatus for manufacturing a crankshaft composed of a material that continuously constitutes the journal part, the web part, and the pin part, and the counterweight member,
A holding mold for holding the portion to be the journal portion and the portion to be the pin portion of the material,
Axial pressing means that pressurizes the material in the axial direction and installs it eccentrically, and crushes the portion that becomes the web portion between the holding molds to form a predetermined thickness,
The holding mold that holds the portion to be the pin portion is in a state in which an annular portion formed at the base end portion of the counterweight member is inserted and disposed in the portion to be the counterweight installation portion between the adjacent pin portions. The crankshaft is configured to have a shape capable of fixing the annular portion of the counterweight member to the counterweight installation portion by compressing and caulking the portion to be the counterweight installation portion in the axial direction . manufacturing device. The cross-sectional area of the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material is formed larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion that becomes the pin portion, and step portions are formed at both ends of the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion. In case,
The holding mold for holding the portion to be the pin portion is configured to have a shape capable of fixing the annular portion of the counterweight member to the counterweight setting portion by compressing and caulking both the stepped portions in the axial direction. The apparatus for manufacturing a crankshaft according to claim 8 . The holding mold that holds at least the pin portion is axially slidably movable in the axial direction with respect to the inner peripheral surface of the case that accommodates and restrains each holding mold so as to be slidable in the axial direction. 10. The crankshaft manufacturing apparatus according to claim 8 , further comprising a slide and a radial slide that is held by the axial slide and is slidably movable in a radial direction of the case. . In a state where the annular portion of the counterweight member is inserted and arranged in the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion of the material, the portion that becomes the pin portion of the material is pressurized in the direction perpendicular to the axis, and the portion that becomes the pin portion and the portion And pressurizing in the axial direction so that the positions of the journal portions adjacent to each other in the axial direction are shifted toward each other, and the portion that becomes the pin portion of the material is displaced by a predetermined amount with respect to the portion that becomes the journal portion, and It further comprises a pre-forming device that bends the portion that becomes the web portion with respect to the portion that becomes the pin portion and the portion that becomes the journal portion with a predetermined thickness ,
The preforming device includes a punch that grips a portion that becomes a pin portion of the material, a die that grips a portion that becomes a journal portion adjacent to both ends of the portion that becomes the pin portion, and a direction in which the punch is orthogonal to the axis of the material And an axial direction pressurizing unit that pressurizes the die in the axial direction so as to move the die toward the punch,
The punch becomes the counterweight installation portion in a state where an annular portion formed at the base end portion of the counterweight member is inserted and disposed in a portion that becomes a counterweight installation portion between the adjacent pin portions. The crankshaft manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the crankshaft manufacturing apparatus is formed in a shape capable of gripping a portion serving as a pin portion adjacent to both sides of the portion . The punch is configured to have a shape capable of caulking and fixing an annular portion of the counterweight member to the counterweight installation portion by plastically deforming a portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion in a direction orthogonal to the axis. The crankshaft manufacturing apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein The preforming device regulates the displacement of the portion that becomes the counterweight installation portion with respect to the portion that becomes the journal portion, and determines the amount of eccentricity of the counterweight installation portion with respect to the journal portion relative to the journal portion of the pin portion. The crankshaft manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 11 and 12 , further comprising an eccentric amount regulating means for making the eccentric amount smaller than the eccentric amount.

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