JP5573232B2 - Image forming apparatus and rear projection display apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus and a rear projection display device.

For example, as a device for displaying a desired image (especially advertisement such as CM) on the screen, it is configured to scan the laser light emitted from the light source in the horizontal and vertical directions of the screen by an optical scanner and a galvanometer mirror, respectively. An apparatus is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
However, in Patent Document 1 described above, since the screen always has light diffusibility, the following problem occurs. First, when an image is not formed on the screen, the screen is visually disturbing. Second, the image is not necessarily displayed on the entire screen, and in some cases, the image may be displayed only on a part of the screen (for example, the center). In such a case, the portion where the screen image is not displayed is visually disturbing. Third, if an image is displayed on a widely known screen, it is difficult to attract the eyes of the observer. In other words, even if an image is displayed on a screen that is clearly a screen, it is natural and the observer does not feel anything novel, and has a particular interest in the displayed image. There is nothing.

JP 2009-134194 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus and a rear projection display apparatus that can effectively attract the interest of an observer using a substantially transparent screen.

Such an object is achieved by the present invention described below.
The image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a screen having a display surface, and a projector that draws an image by scanning the display surface with light,
The screen can independently select a light transmitting state for transmitting light and a light diffusing state for diffusing light at each part of the display surface, and the part irradiated with address light becomes the light diffusing state. The portion that is not irradiated with the address light is configured to be in the light transmission state,
The projector includes a vector scanning unit that performs vector scanning of the address light on the display surface so that an area corresponding to an image displayed on the display surface of the display surface is in the light diffusion state, and for displaying the image the display light possess a raster scan unit for raster scanning region became the light diffusion state by the irradiation of the address light,
The vector scanning unit includes an address light emitting unit that emits the address light and an address light scanning unit that reflects the address light and scans the display surface.
The address light scanning unit includes a movable plate provided with a light reflecting unit having light reflectivity, a support unit that supports the movable plate, the movable plate and the support unit, and a plan view of the movable plate. In the outer periphery of the movable plate, there are four connecting portions provided at intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction,
The four connection parts are composed of a pair of first connection parts opposed to each other via the movable plate, and another pair of second connection parts, and the first connection parts are bent by bending the first connection parts. The movable plate can be rotated around the axis of the second connecting portion while twisting and deforming the two connecting portions, and the first connecting portion is twisted by bending a pair of the second connecting portions. The movable plate can be rotated around the axis of the first connecting portion while being deformed by twisting .

  Accordingly, it is possible to provide an image forming apparatus that can effectively attract the observer's interest using a substantially transparent screen. In particular, the observer has a feeling that the image displayed on the screen appears to be raised, and has a further interest in the image. Moreover, since it is transparent when not in use, it looks like a glass plate and does not interfere visually.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the address light is an infrared ray.
As a result, the address light can be prevented from being visually recognized by the observer, and the address light can be prevented from affecting the hue of the image displayed on the display surface, so that a desired image can be displayed on the display surface. Can be displayed.
In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the raster scan section, it is preferable that the have a display light scanning unit display light emitting unit for emitting and for reflecting the display light to scan to the display surface the display light.
This simplifies the configuration of the projector.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the display light scanning unit is provided with a movable plate provided with a light reflecting unit having light reflectivity so as to be rotatable in at least one direction or two directions orthogonal to each other. It is preferable to have an optical scanner that scans the display surface with light reflected by the light reflecting portion.
This simplifies the device configuration of the display light scanning unit and the address light scanning unit.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, when the two axes perpendicular to each other in plan view of the movable plate are the X axis and the Y axis,
The pair of first connecting portions includes a driving portion spaced apart from the movable plate in the X-axis direction, a first shaft portion connecting the movable plate and the driving portion and extending in the X-axis direction, A second shaft portion connecting the drive portion and the support portion and extending in the Y-axis direction, and twisting the second shaft portion to deform the drive portion around the Y axis By turning, the first shaft is bent in the middle of its longitudinal direction,
The pair of second connecting portions includes a driving portion spaced from the movable plate in the Y-axis direction, a first shaft portion connecting the movable plate and the driving portion and extending in the Y-axis direction, A second shaft portion that connects the drive portion and the support portion and extends in the X-axis direction, and twists the second shaft portion to deform the drive portion around the X axis. It is preferable that the first shaft bends in the middle of the longitudinal direction by turning .
As a result, the configuration of each connecting portion is simplified, and the movable plate can be smoothly rotated around the respective two axes of the movable plate facing each other.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the first shaft portions of the four connecting portions are respectively a stress relaxation portion provided between the movable plate and the drive portion, the stress relaxation portion, and the movable portion. A movable plate side shaft portion that is connected to the plate and can be torsionally deformed around a central axis, and a drive portion side shaft portion that connects the stress relaxation portion and the drive portion, and is bent at the stress relaxation portion. It is preferable to do.
Thereby, the stress which a movable plate side axial part receives can be relieve | moderated by a stress relaxation part, and it can prevent or suppress transmitting to a drive part side axial part. Further, it is possible to permit the rotation of the movable plate about the pair of opposing connection portions of the four connection portions as a result of the torsional deformation of the movable plate side shaft portion of the other pair of connection portions. it can. Therefore, the movable plate can be smoothly rotated around the two axes orthogonal to each other.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the stress absorbing portions of the connecting portions of the four, respectively, in plan view of the movable plate, in the extending direction of the movable plate-side shaft portion and the driver-side shaft portion Extending in a direction orthogonal to each other and having a pair of deformed portions that twist and deform around a central axis, and one of the pair of deformed portions is connected to the movable plate side shaft portion, It is preferable that the other said deformation | transformation part is connected with the said drive part side axial part.
Thereby, the stress applied to the first shaft portion due to the torsional deformation of the deformable portion can be effectively relaxed.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the stress relaxation portions of the four connecting portions are each provided between the pair of deformation portions, and extend in a direction parallel to the extending direction of the deformation portions, It is preferable to have a non-deformable portion that does not twist and deform around the central axis.
Thereby, in each connection part, a 1st axial part can be bent centering on a non-deformation part. Therefore, the first shaft portion of each connecting portion can be bent easily and reliably, and the movable plate can be stably displaced.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, it has a displacement means for displacing the movable plate with respect to the support part,
Four displacement means are provided corresponding to the four connecting portions,
Each of the four displacement means preferably includes a permanent magnet provided in the drive unit and a coil that generates a magnetic field that acts on the permanent magnet.
Thereby, the motion of each connection part can be controlled independently. Moreover, since it is electromagnetic drive, a big force can be generated.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, in the four displacement means, the permanent magnet is provided so that both poles face each other in the thickness direction of the movable plate, and the coil is in the thickness direction of the movable plate. It is preferable to provide a magnetic field in a direction orthogonal to the direction.
Thereby, a movable plate can be displaced stably.
In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the projector determines a region to be the light diffusion state of the display surface from the image data displayed on the display surface, and the address light is irradiated to the determined region, It is preferable to have a control unit that controls the operation of the raster scanning unit and the vector scanning unit so that the display light is irradiated to the region that is in the light diffusion state by the irradiation of the address light.
Thereby, it is possible to make sure that only the area where the image on the display surface is to be displayed is in the light diffusion state, and it is possible to display the desired image on the display surface.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, when the directions orthogonal to each other in plan view of the display surface are the first direction and the second direction,
The raster scanning unit is configured to scan the display surface by scanning in the second direction while scanning the display light in the first direction,
The control unit determines a swing width in the first direction and a swing width in the second direction of the display light scanned on the display surface by the display light scanning unit based on the image data. It is preferable.
Thereby, the display light can be efficiently scanned on the display surface.

In the image forming apparatus according to the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the projector is not disposed in a region formed by extending the outline of the screen in a direction orthogonal to the display surface.
Thereby, it is possible to prevent the observation of the image displayed on the display surface by the projector from being obstructed. Therefore, an excellent advertising function can be exhibited.
In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the projector is installed within 1 m from a portion of the display surface closest to the projector.
Thereby, it can prevent effectively that the light irradiated from a projector will be obstruct | occluded by obstructions, such as a pedestrian, for example, and can display a desired image on a display surface more reliably.

In the image forming apparatus according to the aspect of the invention, the screen includes a first substrate having light transmittance on which a first electrode is formed, a photoconductive film in which electric resistance of a portion irradiated with the address light is reduced, It is preferable that a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal is dispersed and a light-transmitting second substrate on which the second electrode is formed are provided in this order from the display surface side.
Thereby, it is possible to obtain a screen that can easily switch between the light transmission state and the light diffusion state.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal polymer composite layer formed by separating the liquid crystal and the polymer, and the liquid crystal and the polymer have a refractive index anisotropy, The light transmission in which the liquid crystal and the polymer are aligned in accordance with the strength of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. It is preferable to be configured to take a state and the light diffusion state in which the liquid crystal and the polymer are aligned in different directions.
Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a screen suitable for the use of the image forming apparatus, which is in a colorless and transparent light transmissive state when no voltage is applied, and is in a light turbid light diffusion state when a voltage is applied.

In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, when the voltage strength at which the light transmission state and the light diffusion state are switched is V, the liquid crystal polymer composite is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. In a state where a voltage is applied so that the strength of the voltage applied to the layer does not become greater than the V, the address light is irradiated to a portion of the display surface to be in the light diffusion state, and the photoconductive film By reducing the electrical resistance of the portion irradiated with the address light, the strength of the voltage acting on the portion irradiated with the address light of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is made larger than the V, thereby It is preferable that the portion of the display surface irradiated with the address light is changed from the light transmission state to the light diffusion state.
Accordingly, only a region where an image on the display surface of the screen is displayed can be set in a light diffusion state and other regions can be set in a light transmission state by simple control.

The rear projection display device of the present invention includes a housing, a screen fixed to the housing and having a display surface, a projector disposed in the housing, and drawing an image by scanning the display surface with light. And
The screen can independently select a light transmitting state for transmitting light and a light diffusing state for diffusing light at each part of the display surface, and the part irradiated with address light becomes the light diffusing state. The portion that is not irradiated with the address light is configured to be in the light transmission state,
The projector includes a vector scanning unit that performs vector scanning of the address light on the display surface so that an area corresponding to an image displayed on the display surface of the display surface is in the light diffusion state, and for displaying the image the display light possess a raster scan unit for raster scanning region became the light diffusion state by the irradiation of the address light,
The vector scanning unit includes an address light emitting unit that emits the address light and an address light scanning unit that reflects the address light and scans the display surface.
The address light scanning unit includes a movable plate provided with a light reflecting unit having light reflectivity, a support unit that supports the movable plate, the movable plate and the support unit, and a plan view of the movable plate. In the outer periphery of the movable plate, there are four connecting portions provided at intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction,
The four connection parts are composed of a pair of first connection parts opposed to each other via the movable plate, and another pair of second connection parts, and the first connection parts are bent by bending the first connection parts. The movable plate can be rotated around the axis of the second connecting portion while twisting and deforming the two connecting portions, and the first connecting portion is twisted by bending a pair of the second connecting portions. The movable plate can be rotated around the axis of the first connecting portion while being deformed by twisting .
Accordingly, it is possible to provide a rear projection display device that can effectively attract the observer's interest using a substantially transparent screen.

1 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a screen included in the image forming apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the transmittance | permeability of a screen, and the strength of the voltage applied to a liquid crystal polymer composite layer. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit of a screen. It is a figure which shows the action | operation of a screen. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a projector included in the image forming apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the vector scan module shown in FIG. It is a top view of the optical scanner which the vector scan module shown in FIG. 7 has. It is sectional drawing of the optical scanner shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the connection part which the optical scanner shown in FIG. 8 has. It is sectional drawing which shows the displacement means which the optical scanner shown in FIG. 8 has. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the action | operation of the optical scanner shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the action | operation of the optical scanner shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the raster scan module shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the optical scanner which the raster scan module shown in FIG. 14 has. It is sectional drawing explaining the action | operation of the optical scanner shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the action | operation of the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a drive of the raster scan module shown in FIG. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the display light scanning part which the image forming apparatus of 2nd Embodiment concerning this invention has. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the image forming apparatus of 3rd Embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows the optical scanner of the display light scanning part with which the image drawing apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention is provided. It is CC sectional view taken on the line in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the voltage application means of the drive means with which the optical scanner shown in FIG. 21 is provided. It is a figure which shows an example of the voltage which generate | occur | produces in the 1st voltage generation part shown in FIG. 23, and a 2nd voltage generation part. Sectional drawing which shows the optical scanner of the address optical scanning part with which the image drawing apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention is provided. It is a figure which shows the outline of the rear projection type display apparatus of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of an image forming apparatus and a rear projection display device according to the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
<First Embodiment>
First, a first embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described.
1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a screen included in the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a screen showing transmittance and a liquid crystal polymer composite. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of the screen, FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the screen, and FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the image forming apparatus illustrated in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the projector having FIG. 7, FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the vector scan module shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a plan view of an optical scanner included in the vector scan module shown in FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the optical scanner shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a connecting portion included in the optical scanner shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing displacement means included in the optical scanner shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a sectional view for explaining the operation of the optical scanner shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the raster scan module shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. 15 is an optical scanner included in the raster scan module shown in FIG. FIG. 16 is a sectional view for explaining the operation of the optical scanner shown in FIG. 15, FIG. 17 is a view for explaining the operation of the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 18 is a raster scan module shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the drive of.
In the following, for convenience of explanation, the upper side in FIGS. 1, 2, 9, 12, 13, 15, and 16 is referred to as “upper” and the lower side is referred to as “lower”.

An image forming apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 displays a predetermined image such as a still image or a moving image on a screen (display object) 11 installed in a building or the like, for example, in a building or the like, and a display surface 11 a of the screen 11. And a projector 12.
In the present embodiment, the screen 11 is supported by the stage S, and is installed without being fixed to a wall or the like of a building, for example. Further, the screen 11 is colorless and transparent (light transmission state) when an image is not displayed, and the back of the screen 11 can be visually recognized like a glass plate.

  When an image is displayed on the screen 11 by the projector 12, only the area where the image on the display surface 11a is displayed is made cloudy (light diffusion state), and the laser beam is emitted from the projector 12 to the cloudy area. By irradiating light (display light LL ″), a desired image is displayed on the screen 11. At this time, a region where no image is displayed remains transparent.

According to the image forming apparatus 1 having such a configuration, first, there is an advantage that the screen 11 is not visually disturbed when not in use (when an image is not displayed). Second, when using (when displaying an image), the image is displayed on a transparent plate, so that the viewer can feel as if the image is raised and displayed. It is possible to effectively have interest in images.
That is, the image forming apparatus 1 does not visually disturb the screen 11 when not in use, and can exhibit an excellent advertising effect when in use.

  In addition, the projector 12 according to the present embodiment is provided in the vicinity of the screen 11 and is configured to display an image by proximity projection on the screen 11. In the present embodiment, the projector 12 is provided in front of the screen 11. The projector 12 is provided within 1 m from the portion of the display surface 11 a of the screen 11 that is closest to the projector 12. Thus, by providing the projector 12 in the vicinity of the screen 11, it is possible to effectively prevent the laser light emitted from the projector 12 from being blocked by an obstacle such as a pedestrian. In addition, a desired image can be displayed on the display surface 11a.

  Furthermore, the projector 12 according to the present embodiment is not disposed in a region formed by extending the outline of the screen 11 in a direction orthogonal to the display surface 11a. That is, the projector 12 is installed outside the area surrounded by the dotted line in FIG. Thereby, the observation of the image displayed on the display surface 11a can be effectively prevented from being obstructed by the projector 12. Therefore, the image displayed on the display surface 11a is easily observed by an observer, and an excellent advertising function can be exhibited.

Hereinafter, the screen 11 and the projector 12 that are components of the image forming apparatus 1 will be sequentially described in detail.
-Screen 11-
As shown in FIG. 2, the screen 11 includes a first substrate 111 on which a first electrode 111a is formed, a photoconductive film 112, an alignment film 113, a liquid crystal polymer composite layer (liquid crystal layer) 114, an alignment film 115, and A voltage is applied between the screen body 118 formed by laminating the second substrate 116 on which the second electrode 116a is formed in this order from the display surface 11a side, and the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a. Voltage applying means 117 for applying. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to obtain the screen 11 that can easily switch between the light transmission state and the light diffusion state as described above.

  Each of the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 is composed of a sheet-like (flat plate) member, and has a function of supporting and protecting each member disposed therebetween. Further, each of the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 has light transparency and is substantially colorless and transparent. Each of the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 may have flexibility or may be hard.

The constituent materials of the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 are not particularly limited, and polymer films such as glass, silicon, polyester (polyethylene terephthalate), polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and polycarbonate are used. be able to.
A film-like first electrode 111a is formed on the lower surface of the first substrate 111 (the surface on the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 side), and the upper surface of the second substrate 116 (the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 side). The film-like second electrode 116a is formed on the surface. Each of the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a has light transparency and is substantially colorless and transparent. The first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a are electrically connected to the voltage application unit 117, and the voltage application unit 117 applies a voltage between the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a. When applied, an electric field is generated between them, and the generated electric field acts on the photoconductive film 112 and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114.

The constituent materials of the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a are not particularly limited as long as they are substantially conductive and substantially colorless and transparent. For example, gold, silver, copper, In metal materials such as aluminum or alloys containing these, carbon-based materials such as carbon black, electron conductive polymer materials such as polyacetylene, polyfluorene or derivatives thereof, matrix resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, NaCl, Cu Conductive oxidation of ion conductive polymer material, indium oxide (IO), indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), etc. in which an ionic substance such as (CF ₃ SO ₃ ) ₂ is dispersed Examples include various conductive materials such as physical materials, and one or more of these may be used in combination. Kill.

The photoconductive film 112 has a film shape and is formed on the lower surface (the surface on the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 side) of the first electrode 111a. In addition, the photoconductive film 112 has light transparency and is substantially colorless and transparent. Such a photoconductive film 112 only needs to have an impedance that changes in accordance with the amount of light when irradiated with light. A charge generating material is deposited by a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a CVD method, or the like. Film-formed one, charge generation substance dispersed in resin binder, applied by bar coating method, spin coating method, roll coating method, dipping method, casting method, etc., or these charge generation layer, charge transport layer A laminate of these can be used.
The charge generating material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include inorganic materials such as a-Si, ZnS, ZnO, CdS, CdSe, Se, SeTe, and TiO, phthalocyanine-based, azo-based, polycyclic quinone-based, indigo-based, quinacridone. Organic materials such as those of perylene, perylene, squalium, azurenium, cyanine and pyrylium can be used.

  In addition, the resin binder is not particularly limited, and for example, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, acrylic, methacrylic, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, a copolymer thereof, or the like is used. Can do. As the charge transport material, organic materials such as carbazole, triazole, oxadiazole, imidazole, pyrazoline, hydrazone, stilbene, amine, and nitrofluorenone can be used.

The liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 is in a state where the particles of the polymer 114b are dispersed in the liquid crystal 114a and phase-separated.
As the polymer 114b, a polymer that is compatible with the liquid crystal 114a in the liquid crystal phase state and phase-separated from the liquid crystal 114a when cured is used. Examples of such a polymer 114b include thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, and ultraviolet curable polymers as long as they have a main chain with a side chain having a benzene skeleton or a biphenyl skeleton. It can be widely used regardless of whether it is different.

  On the other hand, as the liquid crystal 114a, a liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy aligned in a direction parallel to the electric field direction is used. Examples of such liquid crystal 114a include phenylcyclohexane derivative liquid crystal, biphenyl derivative liquid crystal, biphenylcyclohexane derivative liquid crystal, terphenyl derivative liquid crystal, phenyl ether derivative liquid crystal, phenyl ester derivative liquid crystal, bicyclohexane derivative liquid crystal, azomethine derivative liquid crystal, and azoxy derivative. A liquid crystal, a pyrimidine derivative liquid crystal, a dioxane derivative liquid crystal, a cubane derivative liquid crystal, or the like can be used. As the liquid crystal 114a, it is preferable to use a liquid crystal having a refractive index anisotropy Δn as large as possible in order to improve the contrast of the screen 11.

  The alignment films 113 and 115 are subjected to an alignment process for aligning the liquid crystal 114 a and the polymer 114 b of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 in a direction parallel to the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116. The polymer 114b is in a liquid crystal phase when it is aligned, but is then cured, so that the alignment state is maintained. Therefore, the alignment direction of the polymer 114b does not align with the electric field direction even when an electric field is applied thereafter. On the other hand, since the alignment state of the liquid crystal 114a is not fixed, it is aligned in the electric field direction when an electric field is applied.

  Therefore, when no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 (when the strength of the electric field does not reach V1, as will be described later), the alignment direction of the polymer 114b and the liquid crystal 114a is the first. The substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 are aligned in a parallel direction (the liquid crystal 114a and the polymer 114b are aligned and aligned). In this state, the display surface 11a of the screen 11 is in a transparent state (light transmission state) by matching the refractive indexes of the two.

  On the other hand, when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal 114a is aligned with the electric field direction (because the liquid crystal 114a and the polymer 114b are aligned in different directions). The liquid crystal 114a and the polymer 114b are in a light scattering state due to a mismatch in refractive index at the interface, and the display surface 11a of the screen 11 is in a cloudy state (light diffusion state).

  According to such a liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114, when a voltage is not applied, a colorless and transparent light transmission state is obtained, and a white turbid light diffusion state can be obtained by applying a voltage. A screen 11 suitable for the use of the device 1 can be obtained. Note that switching between the light transmission state and the light diffusion state can be performed independently at each portion of the display surface 11a.

  Here, the polymer 114b may be obtained by encapsulating a polymer precursor in a liquid crystal phase between the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 and then polymerizing the polymer precursor. In the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 of this embodiment, the particles of the polymer 114b are dispersed in the liquid crystal 114a. Conversely, the particles of the liquid crystal 114a are dispersed in the polymer 114b. Also good.

Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the screen 11 will be described. In addition, the manufacturing method of the screen 11 is not limited to the following method.
First, the first electrode 111 a is formed on the surface of the first substrate 111, and the second electrode 116 a is formed on the surface of the second substrate 116. These first and second electrodes 111a and 116a can be formed, for example, by vapor deposition. Next, the photoconductive film 112 is formed on the surface of the first electrode 111a by the method described above. Further, the alignment film 113 is formed by spin-coating polyimide, for example, on the surface of the photoconductive film 112, and the alignment film 115 is also formed on the surface of the second electrode 116a by the same method. Thereafter, the first substrate 111 on which the alignment film 113 is formed and the second substrate 116 on which the alignment film 115 is formed are baked at 150 ° C. After firing, rubbing treatment (orientation treatment) is performed on the surfaces of the alignment films 113 and 115. Note that the rubbing direction in the rubbing process is set so that the rubbing direction is parallel when the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 are combined.

Next, the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 are arranged to face each other so that the alignment films 113 and 115 face each other, and are fixed so that the gap is, for example, 10 μm. Then, a mixture in which the polymer precursor and the liquid crystal 114a are mixed at a ratio of, for example, 1:10 is mixed in the gap. In addition, paraphenylphenol methacrylate can be used as the polymer precursor, and PN001 (trade name, manufactured by Rodick) can be used as the liquid crystal 114a. Next, the mixture of the polymer precursor and the liquid crystal 114a is gradually cooled, and the polymer precursor is polymerized and cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays at room temperature, and phase-separated as the liquid crystal 114a and the polymer 114b.
In this way, the screen 11 is obtained.

Next, the operation of the screen 11 will be described. For convenience of explanation, the screen 11 manufactured by the above manufacturing method will be described as an example.
The polymer 114b and the liquid crystal 114a shown in FIG. 2 exhibit similar refractive index anisotropy, the refractive index in the direction parallel to the alignment direction is about 1.5, and the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the alignment direction is about 1.7. It is. In a state where no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114, the liquid crystal 114a is aligned in the same direction as the polymer 114b, and thus the liquid crystal 114a in the direction perpendicular to the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 is used. And the refractive index of the polymer 114b match. Therefore, in this state, the screen 11 is in a substantially colorless and transparent state (light transmission state) with a transmittance of about 80%.

  On the other hand, when a voltage is applied between the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a by the voltage applying means 117 and an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114, the orientation direction of the polymer 114b remains unchanged. On the other hand, only the liquid crystal 114 a is aligned in the electric field direction, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116. Therefore, in the electric field direction perpendicular to the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116, the refractive index of the polymer 114b remains about 1.7, whereas the refractive index of the liquid crystal 114a is about 1.5. To change. Accordingly, the difference in refractive index between the polymer 114b and the liquid crystal 114a in the electric field direction is about 0.2, and light incident from a direction perpendicular to the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 116 is scattered. As a result, in this state, the screen 11 becomes clouded (light diffusion state) in the electric field direction.

  Next, the relationship between the transmittance of the screen 11 and the strength of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the screen 11 maintains a high transmittance of about 80% until the strength of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 exceeds V1, and maintains a substantially colorless and transparent state. ing. Then, the transmittance sharply decreases from when the voltage exceeds V1 until it reaches V2, and when it exceeds V2, the transmittance becomes almost zero. Thus, in the screen 11, the transmittance does not decrease linearly with respect to the magnitude of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114, but sharply transmits when the voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage value V1. It can be seen that the rate decreases.

  Here, the relationship between the voltage applied between the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a by the voltage applying means 117 and the voltage actually applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the screen 11. In FIG. 4, the equivalent capacitance and equivalent resistance values of components other than the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 and the photoconductive film 112 (for example, the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a) are ignored.

  In FIG. 4, CA and RA indicate the capacitance and resistance value of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114, and VA indicates the liquid crystal when the voltage V is applied between the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a. The voltage actually applied to the polymer composite layer 114 is shown. In FIG. 4, CO and RO indicate the capacitance and resistance value of the photoconductive film 112, and VO indicates light when a voltage V is applied between the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a. The voltage drop which generate | occur | produces in the electrically conductive film 112 is shown.

The resistance value RO changes in accordance with the amount of address light LL ′ emitted from the projector 12. When the address light LL ′ is not irradiated (or when the light amount is small), the resistance value RO of the photoconductive film 112 is sufficiently large, and the voltage VA actually applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 is It becomes as follows by the electrostatic capacitance partial pressure of the electrostatic capacitances CA and CO.
VA = (C / CA) V (1)
C = CA · CO / (CA · CO) (2)

  On the other hand, when the light amount of the address light LL ′ increases, the resistance value RO of the photoconductive film 112 decreases due to the internal photoelectric effect, and the voltage VA actually applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 increases. That is, in the image forming apparatus 1, by controlling the light quantity of the address light LL ′ irradiated from the projector 12 to the screen 11 in a state where a voltage is applied between the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a. The voltage VA actually applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 can be controlled.

Next, a method for using such a screen 11 will be described.
First, a voltage (alternating voltage) is applied between the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a by the voltage applying means 117 (hereinafter, this state is also referred to as “standby state”). The strength of the applied voltage is preferably such that the voltage actually applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 is slightly lower than V1 or equal to V1. Thereby, the screen 11 can be kept substantially colorless and transparent in the standby state, and the screen 11 can be changed to the light diffusion state by slightly increasing the voltage from the standby state. In the present embodiment, the strength of the voltage applied between the first electrode 111a and the second electrode 116a is determined so that the transmittance of the screen 11 in the standby state is about 80%. The transmittance of the screen 11 in the standby state is not particularly limited, and may be set to about 70%, for example. This may be set as appropriate according to the transmittance required in the standby state of the screen 11.

  Next, the address light LL ′ is irradiated from the projector 12 to a desired portion (small area) of the display surface 11 a of the screen 11 in the standby state. Then, in the portion irradiated with the address light LL ′, the electrical resistance of the photoconductive film 112 is lowered due to the irradiation of the address light LL ′, and the actual voltage applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 is increased. . Thereby, the transmittance | permeability of this site | part falls, it becomes cloudy and it will be in a light-diffusion state. On the other hand, the portion that is not irradiated with the address light LL ′ is maintained in a colorless and transparent state because the strength of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 114 does not change. Then, by forming the cloudy part corresponding to the image displayed on the display surface 11a, that is, in the region where the image is displayed, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, the display surface 11a corresponds to the contour of the image. Thus, a light diffusion region (region that actually functions as a screen) 11b is formed.

The light amount of the address light LL ′ irradiated on the display surface 11a is not particularly limited as long as the transmittance of the portion irradiated with the address light LL ′ can be reduced, but the transmittance of the screen 11 is 20% or less. The amount of light is preferable, and the amount of light is more preferably 5% or less. Thereby, the light-diffusion area | region which has the outstanding light diffusibility can be formed.
Thus, the screen 11 is colorless and transparent in the standby state, and is used so that only the area where the image is displayed is in the light diffusion state. Thereby, the above-mentioned excellent advertising effects can be exhibited.
The screen 11 has been described in detail above.

-Projector 12-
Next, the projector 12 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 6, the projector 12 includes a vector scan module (vector scan unit) 12a, a raster scan module (raster scan unit) 12b, and a control unit 12c that controls operations of the vector scan module 12a and the raster scan module 12b. It consists of and. The vector scan module 12a performs vector scanning with the address light LL ′ for bringing the region corresponding to the image on the display surface 11a into a light diffusion state so that a desired image can be displayed on the display surface 11a. One raster scan module 12b raster scans the display light LL ″ for displaying an image in a region that is in a light diffusion state by irradiation of the address light LL ′ on the display surface 11a. According to this, since the area other than the area where the image of the display surface 11a of the screen 11 is displayed can be kept transparent, as described above, the display surface 11a is strongly interested in the observer. An image can be displayed.

  Here, the vector scanning is a method of scanning a laser beam so as to sequentially form line segments connecting two different points on the display surface 11a of the screen 11, and the display surface is matched with an image to be displayed on the display surface 11a. The laser beam is scanned irregularly only in a necessary portion 11a (a portion where the laser beam is desired to be irradiated). One raster scan is a method of scanning two-dimensionally by scanning laser light in the horizontal direction (first direction) of the display surface 11a and in the vertical direction (second direction). The laser light is scanned regularly.

[Vector Scan Module]
As shown in FIG. 7, the vector scan module 12a includes an address light source unit (address light emitting unit) 21 that emits the address light LL ′ and an address light scan that reflects the address light LL ′ and scans it onto the display surface 11a. Part 22. This simplifies the apparatus configuration of the vector scan module 12a.

(Light source unit for address light)
The address light source unit 21 includes a laser light source 211i that emits an infrared laser (infrared ray) as the address light LL ′, a collimator lens 212i and a dichroic mirror 213i provided in correspondence with the laser light source 211i. Yes. The address light LL ′ emitted from the laser light source 211i is collimated by the collimator lens 212i to form a thin beam, and then reflected by the dichroic mirror 213i. Then, the reflected address light LL ′ is emitted from the address light source unit 21.

As described above, by using an infrared laser as the address light LL ′, it is possible to prevent the address light LL ′ from being visually recognized by an observer and to display the address light LL ′ on the display surface 11a. It is possible to prevent the hue of the image from being affected, and a desired image can be displayed on the display surface 11a.
In the address light source unit 21, a collimator mirror can be used in place of the collimator lens 212i. In this case, a narrow beam of parallel light beams can be formed. Further, when a parallel light beam is emitted from the laser light source 211i, the collimator lens 212i can be omitted.

(Address optical scanning unit)
The address light scanning unit 22 has a function of vector scanning the address light LL ′ emitted from the address light source unit 21 on the display surface 11 a of the screen 11. Such an optical scanning unit 22 has one optical scanner 3 that performs vector scanning on the display surface 11 a with the address light LL ′ emitted from the address light source unit 21. With this configuration, the device configuration of the address light scanning unit 22 is simplified.

  Hereinafter, the optical scanner 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 13. As shown in FIG. 8, the three axes orthogonal to each other are the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis, and the surface of the movable plate in the non-driven state. And the plane formed by the X-axis and the Y-axis coincide (is parallel), and the thickness direction of the movable plate coincides with the Z-axis. Hereinafter, a direction parallel to the X axis is referred to as an “X axis direction”, a direction parallel to the Y axis is referred to as a “Y axis direction”, and a direction parallel to the Z axis direction is referred to as a “Z axis direction”. .

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the optical scanner 3 includes a movable plate 31, a support portion 32 that supports the movable plate 31, and four connecting portions 4, 5, 6 that connect the movable plate 31 and the support portion 32. 7, a base 33 that supports the vibration system 3 a, and a displacement means 8 that displaces (rotates) the movable plate 31.
The vibration system 3a of this embodiment is formed by removing unnecessary portions of the SOI substrate by various etching methods such as wet etching.

The support part 32 has a function of supporting the movable plate 31. Such a support portion 32 has a frame shape and is provided so as to surround the periphery of the movable plate 31. The shape of the support portion 32 is not particularly limited as long as the movable plate 31 can be supported. For example, a pair is provided so as to face the X axis direction or the Y axis direction via the movable plate 31. Also good.
A movable plate 31 is provided inside the support portion 32. The movable plate 31 has a flat plate shape, and a light reflecting portion 312 having light reflectivity is formed on one surface (surface opposite to the base 33) 311. The address light LL ′ emitted from the address light source unit 21 is reflected by the light reflecting portion 312 and scanned on the display surface 11a. The light reflecting portion 312 is obtained, for example, by forming a metal film such as aluminum or nickel on the surface 311 by vapor deposition or the like. In the present embodiment, the planar view shape of the movable plate 31 is circular. However, the planar view shape of the movable plate 31 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a polygon such as a rectangle or a square, an ellipse, or the like. Also good.

Such a movable plate 31 is connected to the support portion 32 by four connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7. The four connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the movable plate 31, that is, at 90 ° intervals in the plan view of the movable plate 31. Of the four connecting portions 4, 5, 6, 7, the connecting portions (first connecting portions) 4, 6 are opposed to the movable plate 31 in the X-axis direction via the movable plate 31. The connecting portions (second connecting portions) 5 and 7 are formed symmetrically with respect to the movable plate 31 so as to oppose each other in the Y-axis direction via the movable plate 31. By supporting the movable plate 31 by such connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7, the movable plate 31 can be supported in a stable state. Further, as will be described later, the movable plate 31 can be rotated about the X axis and the Y axis independently.

Specifically, the connecting portion 4 is a pair of a driving plate (driving portion) 41, a first shaft portion 42 that connects the driving plate 41 and the movable plate 31, and a pair that connects the driving plate 41 and the support portion 32. The second shaft portion 43. The connecting portion 5 also includes a drive plate 51, a first shaft portion 52 that connects the drive plate 51 and the movable plate 31, and a pair of second shaft portions 53 that connect the drive plate 51 and the support portion 32. And have. The connecting portion 6 also includes a drive plate 61, a first shaft portion 62 that connects the drive plate 61 and the movable plate 31, and a pair of second shaft portions 63 that connect the drive plate 61 and the support portion 32. And have. The connecting portion 7 also includes a drive plate 71, a first shaft portion 72 that connects the drive plate 71 and the movable plate 31, and a pair of second shaft portions 73 that connect the drive plate 71 and the support portion 32. And have. The “similar configuration” means that the elements constituting the connecting portion are common. Therefore, it is not necessary for the outer shapes to match.
By configuring each of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7 as described above, the configuration of the connecting portion is simplified, and rotation of the movable plate 2 around the rotation center axes X 1 and Y 1 as will be described later. Can be done smoothly.

  Hereinafter, the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7 will be described in detail. However, since the structures of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7 are the same as each other, the connecting portion 4 will be described as a representative. The description of the connecting portions 5, 6, and 7 is omitted. In addition, the connection parts 5 and 7 are arrange | positioned in the state rotated 90 degree | times with respect to the connection part 4 by planar view of the movable plate 31. FIG. Therefore, the connecting portions 5 and 7 are described by setting the “Y-axis direction” in the description of the connecting portion 4 below as the “X-axis direction” and the “X-axis direction” as the “Y-axis direction”. You can also.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the pair of second shaft portions 43 are disposed to face each other in the Y-axis direction via the drive plate 41 and support the drive plate 41 at both ends. Further, each of the pair of second shaft portions 43 has a rod shape extending in the Y-axis direction. The pair of second shaft portions 43 can be twisted and deformed around the central axis. The pair of second shaft portions 43 are provided coaxially, and the pair of second shaft portions 43 are twisted around this shaft (hereinafter also referred to as “rotation center axis Y2”). The drive plate 41 rotates while twisting.

  The drive plate 41 is provided away from the movable plate 31 in the X-axis direction. Further, the drive plate 41 is supported at both ends by the pair of second shaft portions 43 as described above. A through hole 411 is formed in the drive plate 41, and a permanent magnet 811 is inserted and fixed in the through hole 411. The permanent magnet 811 is fixed to the drive plate 41 by, for example, fitting (press fitting) or an adhesive. The permanent magnet 811 is a part of the configuration of the displacement means 8 and will be described later.

  In this embodiment, the plan view shape of the drive plate 41 is a rectangle whose longitudinal direction is the Y-axis direction. With the drive plate 41 having such a shape, the width (length in the X-axis direction) of the drive plate 41 can be suppressed while securing a space for fixing the permanent magnet 811. By suppressing the width of the drive plate 41, the moment of inertia generated when the drive plate 41 rotates about the rotation center axis Y2 can be suppressed, the reactivity of the drive plate 41 is increased, and faster rotation is achieved. Is possible. In addition, when the reactivity of the drive plate 41 is increased, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of unintentional vibration due to the rotation of the drive plate 41 (particularly when turning over when the rotation direction is switched). Therefore, the optical scanner 3 can be driven stably.

Note that the shape of the drive plate 41 in plan view is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a square, a pentagon or more polygon, or a circle.
Such a drive plate 41 is connected to the movable plate 31 by the first shaft portion 42. The first shaft portion 42 is provided so as to extend as a whole in the X-axis direction. Such a first shaft portion 42 includes a stress relaxation portion 421 provided between the drive plate 41 and the movable plate 31, and a movable plate side shaft portion 422 that connects the stress relaxation portion 421 and the movable plate 31. The drive plate side shaft portion (drive portion side shaft portion) 423 connects the stress relaxation portion 421 and the drive plate 41.
The movable plate side shaft portion 422 and the drive plate side shaft portion 423 each have a rod shape extending in the X axis direction. Further, the movable plate side shaft portion 422 and the drive plate side shaft portion 423 are provided coaxially.

Of these two shaft portions, the drive plate side shaft portion 423 is set to a hardness that does not substantially deform when the optical scanner 3 is driven. On the other hand, the movable plate side shaft portion 422 can be twisted and deformed around its central axis. In this way, the first shaft portion 42 has a hard portion that does not substantially deform and a torsionally deformable portion located on the tip side thereof, so that the movable plate 31 can be moved in the X-axis and Y-direction as will be described later. The shaft can be stably rotated around each axis. The term “does not deform” means that bending or bending in the Z-axis direction and torsional deformation around the central axis do not occur substantially.
Such a movable plate side shaft portion 422 and the drive plate side shaft portion 423 are connected via a stress relaxation portion 421. The stress relieving part 421 relieves (absorbs) a function that becomes a node when the first shaft part 42 is bent and torsionally deforms the movable plate side shaft part 422, and the torque is driven. It has a function of preventing or suppressing transmission to the plate side shaft portion 423.

As shown in FIG. 10, the stress relaxation part 421 includes a pair of deformation parts 4211 and 4212, a non-deformation part 4213 provided therebetween, and a pair of connection parts that connect the deformation part 4211 to the non-deformation part 4213. 4214 and a pair of connection portions 4215 that connect the deformable portion 4212 to the non-deformed portion 4213.
The non-deformable portion 4213 has a rod shape extending in the Y-axis direction. Such a non-deformation portion 4213 is set to a hardness that does not substantially deform when the optical scanner 3 is driven. Thereby, as will be described later, the first shaft portion 42 can be bent around the central axis Y4 of the non-deformable portion 4213, and the stress relaxation portion 421 can reliably exhibit the function as a node. The optical scanner 3 can be driven stably.

  A pair of deformable portions 4211 and 4212 are arranged symmetrically with respect to such a non-deformed portion 4213. The deformable portions 4211 and 4212 each have a rod shape extending in the Y-axis direction. Further, the deforming parts 4211 and 4212 are arranged in parallel with being spaced apart from each other in the X-axis direction. Each of the deforming portions 4211 and 4212 can be twisted and deformed around the central axis.

  The deformable portion 4211 located on the movable plate 31 side is connected to one end of the movable plate side shaft portion 422 at substantially the center in the longitudinal direction, and is not deformed via a pair of connection portions 4214 at both ends thereof. It is connected to the portion 4213. Similarly, the deformable portion 4212 located on the drive plate 41 side is connected to one end of the drive plate side shaft portion 423 at substantially the center in the longitudinal direction, and a pair of connection portions 4215 at both ends thereof. Are connected to the non-deformable portion 4213.

One connection portion of the pair of connection portions 4214 connects one end portions of the deformation portion 4211 and the non-deformation portion 4213, and the other connection portion connects the other end portions of the deformation portion 4211 and the non-deformation portion 4213. ing. In addition, one connection portion of the pair of connection portions 4215 connects one end portions of the deformation portion 4212 and the non-deformation portion 4213, and the other connection portion connects the other end portions of the deformation portion 4212 and the non-deformation portion 4213. It is connected.
Each of such connection portions 4214 and 4215 has a rod shape extending in the X-axis direction. Each of the connection portions 4214 and 4215 can be bent in the Z-axis direction and can be twisted and deformed around its central axis.
The configuration of the vibration system 3a has been specifically described above.

As described above, the vibration system 3a is integrally formed from the SOI substrate. This facilitates the formation of the vibration system 3a. Specifically, as described above, the vibration system 3a includes a portion that is positively deformed and a portion that is not to be deformed (not to be deformed). On the other hand, the SOI substrate is a substrate in which a first Si layer, a SiO ₂ layer, and a second Si layer are stacked in this order. Therefore, the portion not to be deformed is composed of all the three layers, and the portion to be actively deformed is composed of only the second Si layer, that is, the layer is deformed by selecting a layer to be used in each part. The vibration system 3a in which a part and a part that is not deformed are mixed can be easily formed. In addition, the site | part actively deform | transformed may be comprised by ₂ layers of the 2nd Si layer and SiO2 layer.

  Here, the “part to be deformed” includes the second shaft portions 43, 53, 63, 73, the movable plate side shaft portions 422, 522, 622, 722, the deformation portions 4211, 4212, 5211, 5212, 6211, 6212, 7211, 7212 and connection portions 4214, 4215, 5214, 5215, 6214, 6215, 7214, 7215 are included. On the other hand, the “parts not to be deformed” include the movable plate 31, the support portion 32, the drive plates 41, 51, 61, 71, the drive plate side shaft portions 423, 523, 623, 723, and the undeformed portions 4213, 5213, 6213. , 7213 are included.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the base 33 has a flat plate-like base portion 331 and a frame portion 332 provided along the edge of the base portion 331, and has a box shape (a bowl shape). . Such a base 33 is joined to the lower surface of the support portion 32 of the vibration system 3 a by a frame portion 332. As a result, the vibration system 3 a is supported by the base 33. Such a base 33 is made of, for example, glass or silicon as a main material. In addition, it does not specifically limit as a joining method of the base 33 and the support part 32, For example, you may join using an adhesive agent and may use various joining methods, such as anodic bonding.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the displacement means 8 includes a first displacement means 81 having a permanent magnet 811, a coil 812 and a power supply 813, a second displacement means 82 having a permanent magnet 821, a coil 822 and a power supply 823, A third displacement unit 83 having a permanent magnet 831, a coil 832 and a power source 833, and a fourth displacement unit 84 having a permanent magnet 841, a coil 842 and a power source 843 are included.

The first displacement means 81 is provided corresponding to the connecting portion 4, the second displacement means 82 is provided corresponding to the connecting portion 5, and the third displacement means 83 is The fourth displacement means 84 is provided corresponding to the connecting portion 7.
According to such a structure, the structure of the displacement means 8 becomes simple. Moreover, by making the displacement means 8 electromagnetically drive, a comparatively big force can be generated and the movable plate 31 can be rotated more reliably. Moreover, since one displacement means is provided in each connection part 4,5,6,7, each connection part 4,5,6,7 can be deformed independently.

  Hereinafter, the first displacement means 81, the second displacement means 82, the third displacement means 83, and the fourth displacement means 84 will be described. Since these have the same configuration, the first displacement means 81 will be described below. The displacement means 81 will be described as a representative, and the description of the second displacement means 82, the third displacement means 83, and the fourth displacement means 84 will be omitted. The second displacing means 82 and the fourth displacing means 84 are arranged in a state of being rotated 90 degrees with respect to the first displacing means 81 in a plan view of the movable plate 31. Therefore, for the second displacement means 82 and the fourth displacement means 84, the “Y-axis direction” in the following description of the first displacement means 81 is “X-axis direction”, and “X-axis direction” is “ It can also be described as “Y-axis direction”.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the permanent magnet 811 has a rod shape and is magnetized in the longitudinal direction. That is, the permanent magnet 811 has one end side in the longitudinal direction as an S pole and the other end side as an N pole. Such a permanent magnet 811 is inserted through a through-hole 411 formed in the drive plate 41 and is fixed to the drive plate 41 at substantially the center in the longitudinal direction. The permanent magnet 811 protrudes by the same length above and below the drive plate 41, and the S pole and the N pole face each other via the drive plate 41 (rotation center axis Y2). Thereby, as will be described later, the movable plate 31 can be stably displaced.

The permanent magnet 811 is provided such that the longitudinal direction thereof is orthogonal to the surface direction of the drive plate 41. Further, the permanent magnet 811 is provided such that its central axis intersects the rotation central axis Y2.
The permanent magnet 811 is not particularly limited, and for example, a magnet made of a hard magnetic material such as a neodymium magnet, a ferrite magnet, a samarium cobalt magnet, an alnico magnet, or a bonded magnet can be suitably used.

  In the present embodiment, the permanent magnet 811 has a rod shape, but the shape of the permanent magnet 811 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a plate shape. In this case, the permanent magnet 811 may be magnetized in the plane direction and fixed to the drive plate 41 so that the plane direction is orthogonal to the X-axis direction. Thereby, since the length of the permanent magnet 811 in the X-axis direction can be shortened, the moment of inertia generated with the rotation of the drive plate 41 can be suppressed.

  The coil 812 generates a magnetic field that acts on the permanent magnet 811. Such a coil 812 is disposed in the vicinity of the outside of the vibration system 3a so as to face the permanent magnet 811 in the X-axis direction. In addition, the coil 812 can generate a magnetic field in the X-axis direction, that is, a state where the permanent magnet 811 side of the coil 812 is an N pole and the opposite side is an S pole, and the permanent magnet 811 side of the coil 812 is an S pole. It is provided so as to be able to generate a state where it is a pole and the opposite side is an N pole.

  The optical scanner 3 has a coil fixing portion 85 fixedly provided to the base 33 outside the vibration system 3a, and the coil fixing portion 85 has a coil on a protruding portion 851 extending in the X-axis direction. 812 is wound. With such a configuration, the coil 812 can be fixed to the vibration system 3a, and the above-described magnetic field can be easily generated. Further, by configuring the protruding portion 851 with a soft magnetic material such as iron, the protruding portion 851 can be used as the magnetic core of the coil 812, and the above-described magnetic field can be generated more efficiently.

The power source 813 is electrically connected to the coil 812. A magnetic field as described above can be generated from the coil 812 by applying a desired voltage from the power source 813 to the coil 812. In the following description, for convenience of explanation, a configuration in which the permanent magnets 811, 821, 831, and 841 are all arranged with the N pole on the upper side will be described as a representative.
The displacement means 8 has been described above.

Next, the operation of the optical scanner 3 will be described.
-Displacement around the Y-axis First, the displacement around the Y-axis of the movable plate 31 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 12A, a voltage is applied from the power sources 813 and 833 to the coils 812 and 832 so that the permanent magnet 811 side of the coil 812 has N pole and the permanent magnet 831 side of the coil 832 has S pole.

In this state, since the south pole of the permanent magnet 811 is attracted to the coil 812 and the north pole moves away from the coil 812, the drive plate 41 can move its upper surface while twisting and deforming the pair of second shaft portions 43. It inclines around the rotation center axis Y2 so as to face the plate 31 side. At the same time, the N pole of the permanent magnet 831 is attracted to the coil 832 and the S pole moves away from the coil 832, so that the drive plate 61 has its lower surface movable while the pair of second shaft portions 63 are twisted and deformed. It inclines around the rotation center axis Y3 so as to face the 31 side. That is, the drive plates 41 and 61 are both inclined clockwise in FIG.
Along with the inclination of the drive plates 41 and 61, the drive plate side shaft portion 423 is inclined so that the end on the movable plate 31 side faces downward, and the drive plate side shaft portion 623 faces the end on the movable plate 31 side upward. To tilt. As a result, the ends on the movable plate 31 side of the drive plate side shaft portions 423 and 623 are shifted in the Z-axis direction.

Then, the movable plate 31 side ends of the drive plate side shaft portions 423 and 623 are displaced in the Z-axis direction, so that the deformable portions 4211, 4212, 6211, and 6212 are twisted and deformed around the central axis, and each connection is made. While bending the portions 4214, 4215, 6214, 6215, the movable plate side shaft portions 422, 622 and the movable plate 31 are integrally inclined counterclockwise in FIG.
As described above, in the first state, the first shaft portion 42 of the connecting portion 4 is bent and deformed into a V-shape projecting downward at the stress relaxation portion 421 in the middle thereof, and the first portion of the connecting portion 6 is also deformed. 12 is bent in a V-shape convex upward at the stress relaxation portion 621 in the middle thereof, so that the movable plate 31 rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 12A around the rotation center axis Y1. Inclined to.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12B, voltage is applied from the power sources 813 and 833 to the coils 812 and 832 so that the permanent magnet 811 side of the coil 812 is in the south pole and the permanent magnet 831 side of the coil 832 is in the north pole. Is applied, the reverse deformation occurs in the case of FIG. That is, the first shaft portion 42 of the connecting portion 4 is bent and deformed into a convex V shape at the upper side by the stress relaxing portion 421, and the first shaft portion 62 of the connecting portion 6 is lowered by the stress relaxing portion 621. Bends and deforms into a convex V shape. As a result, the movable plate 31 is tilted counterclockwise in FIG. 12B with the rotation center axis Y1 as the center.

Such a state of FIGS. 12A and 12B is alternately switched regularly or irregularly, or the movable plate 31 as shown in FIG. 12A is inclined in the counterclockwise direction. The movable plate 31 can be rotated regularly or irregularly around the rotation center axis Y1 by changing the inclination angle (deflection angle) regularly or irregularly. Further, the movable plate 31 can be maintained in a posture inclined at a predetermined angle by keeping the voltage applied to the coils 812 and 832 constant. Thereby, the movable plate 31 can be displaced around the rotation center axis Y1 with a behavior suitable for vector scanning.
Note that the rotation of the movable plate 31 around the rotation center axis Y1 is permitted by the torsional deformation of the movable plate side shaft portions 522 and 722 included in the connecting portions 5 and 7 around the center axis.

-Displacement around the X axis Next, the displacement around the X axis of the movable plate 31 will be described with reference to FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 13A, a voltage is applied from the power sources 823 and 843 to the coils 822 and 842 so that the permanent magnet 821 side of the coil 822 has N pole and the permanent magnet 841 side of the coil 842 has S pole. Then, like the above-described rotation of the movable plate 31 about the rotation center axis Y1, the first shaft portion 52 of the connecting portion 5 is formed in a V-shape convex downward at the stress relaxation portion 521 in the middle thereof. In addition to being bent and deformed, the first shaft portion 72 of the connecting portion 7 is bent and deformed in a V-shape convex upward at the stress relaxation portion 721 in the middle thereof, so that the movable plate is centered on the rotation center axis X1. 31 inclines counterclockwise in FIG.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 13B, when a voltage is applied from the power sources 823 and 843 to the coils 822 and 842 so that the permanent magnet 821 side of the coil 822 is the south pole and the permanent magnet 841 side of the coil 842 is the north pole, A deformation opposite to that in the case of FIG. That is, the first shaft portion 52 of the connecting portion 5 is bent and deformed in a convex V shape upward at the stress relaxing portion 521, and the first shaft portion 72 of the connecting portion 7 is lowered at the stress relaxing portion 721. Bends and deforms into a convex V shape. As a result, the movable plate 31 is tilted counterclockwise in FIG. 13B with the rotation center axis X1 as the center.

The states of FIGS. 13A and 13B are alternately switched regularly or irregularly, or the movable plate 31 is tilted counterclockwise as shown in FIG. By changing the (deflection angle) regularly or irregularly, the movable plate 31 can be rotated regularly or irregularly around the rotation center axis X1. Further, the movable plate 31 can be maintained in a posture inclined at a predetermined angle by keeping the voltage applied to the coils 822 and 842 constant. Thereby, the movable plate 31 can be displaced around the rotation center axis X1 with a behavior suitable for vector scanning.
Note that the rotation of the movable plate 31 about the rotation center axis X1 is permitted by the torsional deformation of the movable plate side shaft portions 422 and 622 included in the connecting portions 4 and 6 around the center axis.

-Displacement around each of the X-axis and Y-axis By simultaneously performing the displacement around the X-axis and the displacement around the Y-axis as described above, the movable plate 31 is rotated around the rotation center axis Y1 and the rotation center axis. It can be displaced two-dimensionally around each axis of X1. Here, in the optical scanner 3, the rotation of the movable plate 31 about the rotation center axis Y1 and the rotation about the rotation center axis X1 can be performed independently. Therefore, in the optical scanner 3, the rotation of the rotation center axis Y1 is not affected by the rotation about the rotation center axis X1, and conversely, the rotation of the rotation center axis X1 is also about the rotation center axis Y1. Unaffected by rotation. Therefore, the optical scanner 3 can stably rotate the movable plate 2 around each of the rotation center axis Y1 and the movable center axis X1, and can be said to be an apparatus configuration suitable for vector scanning.

  Further, as described above, in the optical scanner 3, the rotation of the movable plate 31 around the rotation central axis Y1 is permitted by the torsional deformation of the movable plate side shaft portions 522 and 722 around the central axis. Rotation of the movable plate 31 around the rotation central axis X1 is permitted by the torsional deformation of the movable plate side shaft portions 422 and 622 around the central axis. As described above, each of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7 has the movable plate side shaft portions 422, 522, 622, and 722 that can be torsionally deformed around the central axis, so that the movable plate 31 is rotated It can be smoothly rotated around the central axes Y1 and X1. Furthermore, in the optical scanner 3, the movable plate side shaft portions 422, 522, 622, and 722 are directly connected to the movable plate 31.

  In the optical scanner 3, in the connecting portion 4, the stress relaxation portion 421 is provided between the movable plate side shaft portion 422 that twists and deforms as described above and the drive plate side shaft portion 423 that does not want to be deformed. . Therefore, the stress generated by the above-described torsional deformation is absorbed and relaxed by the deformation of the deformation portions 4211 and 4212 and the connection portions 4214 and 4215 of the stress relaxation portion 421, and is not transmitted to the drive plate side shaft portion 423. That is, by providing the stress relaxation portion 421, it is possible to reliably prevent the drive plate side shaft portion 423 from being twisted and deformed around its central axis while the movable plate 31 is rotating. The same applies to the connecting parts 5, 6 and 7 other than the connecting part 4. Therefore, the movable plate 31 can be smoothly displaced about each of the rotation center axes Y1 and X1.

  Furthermore, the destruction of each drive plate side shaft portion 423, 523, 623, 723 is effectively prevented. In other words, in a rod-shaped member, the fracture when the stress in the Z-axis direction is applied from the state in which torsional deformation around the central axis occurs rather than the fracture strength when the stress in the Z-axis direction is applied from the natural state. It is technically clear that the strength is lower. Therefore, as described above, the stress relaxation portions 421, 521, 621, and 721 are provided and the drive plate side shaft portions 423, 523, 623, and 723 are not torsionally deformed, whereby the drive plate side shaft portion 423, The destruction of 523, 623, and 723 can be effectively prevented.

Further, in the connecting portion 4, the drive plate side shaft portion 423 is not substantially deformed, so that the stress generated by the rotation of the drive plate 41 can be efficiently used for the rotation of the movable plate 31. The same applies to the connecting portions 5, 6, and 7. Therefore, the movable plate 31 can be displaced with a large rotation angle and with power saving.
Moreover, in the connection part 4, since the stress relaxation part 421 has the non-deformation part 4213, the 1st axial part 42 can be bent centering on this non-deformation part 4213. FIG. The same applies to the connecting portions 5, 6, and 7. Therefore, the first shaft portions 42, 52, 62, 72 of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, 7 can be bent easily and reliably, and the movable plate 31 can be displaced stably.

  In addition, the connection portion 4 includes a deformation portion 4211 where the stress relaxation portion 421 is connected to the movable plate side shaft portion 422 and a deformation portion 4212 connected to the drive plate side shaft portion 423. At the time of bending, the deformation portions 4211 and 4212 are torsionally deformed around the central axis, thereby effectively relieving the stress generated by the bending. The same applies to the connecting portions 5, 6, and 7. Therefore, the first shaft portions 42, 52, 62, and 72 of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7 can be reliably bent, and the first shaft portions 42, 52, 62, and 72 can be destroyed. Can be prevented.

  Moreover, in the connection part 4, since the stress relaxation part 421 has a pair of deformation | transformation parts 4211 and 4212, the following effects can also be exhibited. That is, for example, the thermal expansion of the movable plate side shaft portion 422 and the drive plate side shaft portion 423 due to the heat generated from the coil 812 by energization, the heat generated by the light applied to the light reflecting portion 312, or the like, the deformation portions 4211, 4212. Can be tolerated by deformation. The same applies to the connecting portions 5, 6, and 7. Therefore, the optical scanner 3 can prevent or suppress the stress from remaining in the vibration system 3a, and can exhibit desired vibration characteristics regardless of the temperature.

[Raster scan module]
As shown in FIG. 14, the raster scan module 12b includes a display light source unit (display light emitting unit) 23 that emits display light LL ″ (laser light), and a display light source unit 23 with respect to the display surface 11a. Display light scanning unit 24 that scans the display light LL ″ emitted from the display light LL ″. With such a configuration, the raster scan module 12b can be configured relatively easily.

(Light source unit for display light)
The display light source unit 23 includes laser light sources 231r, 231g, and 231b for the respective colors, collimator lenses 232r, 232g, and 232b and dichroic mirrors 233r, 233g, which are provided corresponding to the laser light sources 231r, 231g, and 231b for the respective colors. 233b. The laser light sources 231r, 231g, and 231b for the respective colors emit red, green, and blue laser beams RR, GG, and BB, respectively. The laser beams RR, GG, and BB are emitted in a modulated state corresponding to the drive signal transmitted from the control unit 12c, and are collimated by collimator lenses 232r, 232g, and 232b to form a thin beam. . The dichroic mirrors 233r, 233g, and 233b have characteristics of reflecting the red laser beam RR, the green laser beam GG, and the blue laser beam BB, respectively, and combine the laser beams RR, GG, and BB of the respective colors to display light LL ". Is emitted.

  A collimator mirror can be used in place of the collimator lenses 232r, 232g, and 232b. In this case as well, a narrow beam of parallel light beams can be formed. Further, when parallel light beams are emitted from the laser light sources 231r, 231g, and 231b of the respective colors, the collimator lenses 232r, 232g, and 232b may be omitted. Further, the laser light sources 231r, 231g, and 231b can be replaced with light sources such as light emitting diodes that generate similar light beams.

(Display light scanning part)
The display light scanning unit 24 scans the display surface 11a with the display light LL ″ emitted from the display light source unit 23 in the horizontal direction (first direction) (horizontal scan: main scan), and in the horizontal direction. Two-dimensional scanning is performed by scanning in the vertical direction (second direction: y direction orthogonal to the x direction) at a scanning speed slower than the scanning speed (vertical scanning: sub-scanning).

  The display light scanning unit 24 includes a light scanner 25 that is a horizontal scanning mirror that horizontally scans the display surface 11 a with the display light LL ″ emitted from the display light source unit 23, and the light scanner 25 will be described later. Angle detection means (behavior detection means) 26 for detecting the angle (behavior) of the movable plate 251a, and vertical scanning for scanning the display light LL ″ emitted from the display light source unit 23 with respect to the display surface 11a in the vertical direction. The optical scanner 27 is a mirror, and angle detecting means (behavior detecting means) 28 for detecting an angle (behavior) of a movable plate 271a (to be described later) of the optical scanner 27.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the optical scanners 25 and 27 will be described. Since the optical scanners 25 and 27 have the same configuration, the optical scanner 25 will be described below as a representative, and the optical scanner 27 will be described. Omitted.
As shown in FIG. 15, the optical scanner 25 is a so-called one-degree-of-freedom vibration system, and includes a base 251, a counter substrate 253 provided so as to face the lower surface of the base 251, a base 251, and a counter substrate 253. And a spacer member 252 provided between the two.

The base 251 includes a movable plate 251a, a support portion 251b that rotatably supports the movable plate 251a, and a pair of connecting portions 251c and 251d that connect the movable plate 251a and the support portion 251b.
The movable plate 251a has a substantially rectangular shape in plan view. On the upper surface of the movable plate 251a, a light reflecting portion 251e having light reflectivity is provided. The light reflecting portion 251e is made of a metal film such as Al or Ni, for example. A permanent magnet 254 is provided on the lower surface of the movable plate 251a.

The support portion 251b is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the movable plate 251a in a plan view of the movable plate 251a. That is, the support portion 251b has a frame shape, and the movable plate 251a is located inside thereof.
The connecting portion 251c connects the movable plate 251a and the support portion 251b on one side of the movable plate 251a, and the connecting portion 251d connects the movable plate 251a and the support portion 251b on the other side of the movable plate 251a. doing. Each of the connecting portions 251c and 251d has a longitudinal shape. Further, each of the connecting portions 251c and 251d can be elastically deformed. Such a pair of connecting portions 251c and 251d are provided coaxially with each other, and the movable plate 251a is located with respect to the support portion 251b around this axis (hereinafter referred to as "rotation center axis J1"). Rotate.

  Such a base body 251 is made of, for example, silicon as a main material, and a movable plate 251a, a support portion 251b, and connection portions 251c and 251d are integrally formed. As described above, by using silicon as a main material, it is possible to realize excellent rotation characteristics and to exhibit excellent durability. Further, fine processing (processing) is possible, and the optical scanner 25 can be downsized.

The spacer member 252 has a frame shape, and its upper surface is joined to the lower surface of the base body 251. The spacer member 252 is substantially equal to the shape of the support portion 251b in the plan view of the movable plate 251a. Such a spacer member 252 is made of, for example, various glasses, various ceramics, silicon, SiO ₂ or the like. The method for joining the spacer member 252 and the substrate 251 is not particularly limited, and for example, the spacer member 252 may be joined via another member such as an adhesive, or anodic bonding may be used depending on the constituent material of the spacer member 252. Also good.

Similar to the spacer member 252, the counter substrate 253 is made of, for example, various kinds of glass, silicon, SiO ₂ or the like. A coil 255 is provided on the upper surface of the counter substrate 253 as described above and at a portion facing the movable plate 251a.
The permanent magnet 254 has a plate bar shape and is provided along the lower surface of the movable plate 251a. Such a permanent magnet 254 is magnetized (magnetized) in a direction orthogonal to the rotation center axis J1 in a plan view of the movable plate 251a. That is, the permanent magnet 254 is provided so that both poles face each other with the rotation center axis J1. The permanent magnet 254 is not particularly limited, and for example, a neodymium magnet, a ferrite magnet, a samarium cobalt magnet, an alnico magnet, or the like can be used.

  The coil 255 is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the permanent magnet 254 in a plan view of the movable plate 251a. The coil 255 is connected to the voltage application unit 256. The voltage application unit 256 is configured to be able to adjust (change) each condition such as the voltage value and frequency of the voltage to be applied. The voltage applying unit 256, the coil 255, and the permanent magnet 254 constitute a driving unit 257 that rotates the movable plate 251a.

  A predetermined voltage is applied to the coil 255 from the voltage applying unit 256 under the control of the control unit 12c, and a predetermined current flows. When an alternating voltage is applied from the voltage applying means 256 to the coil 255 under the control of the control unit 12c, a current flows accordingly, a magnetic field in the thickness direction of the movable plate 251a is generated, and the direction of the magnetic field is periodic. Switch to. That is, the state A in which the vicinity of the upper side of the coil 255 is the S pole and the vicinity of the lower side is the N pole and the state B in which the vicinity of the upper side of the coil 255 is the N pole and the vicinity of the lower side are alternately switched.

  In the state A, as shown in FIG. 16A, the S pole of the permanent magnet 254 is displaced upward by the repulsive force with the magnetic field generated by energizing the coil 255, and the N pole of the permanent magnet 254 is It is displaced downward by the attractive force with the magnetic field. Thereby, the movable plate 251a is rotated counterclockwise and tilted. On the contrary, in the state B, as shown in FIG. 16B, the S pole of the permanent magnet 254 is displaced downward, and the N pole of the permanent magnet 254 is displaced upward. Thereby, the movable plate 251a rotates clockwise and tilts.

  By alternately repeating the state A and the state B, the movable plate 251a rotates around the rotation center axis J1 while twisting and deforming the connecting portions 251c and 251d. Further, the current flowing can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage applied from the voltage applying means 256 to the coil 255 under the control of the control unit 12c, whereby the rotation center axis J1 of the movable plate 251a is set as the center. The deflection angle to be adjusted can be adjusted.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the optical scanners 25 and 27 having the above-described configuration are provided such that the rotation center axes J1 and J2 are orthogonal to each other. By providing the optical scanners 25 and 27 in this manner, the display light LL ″ emitted from the display light source unit 23 can be two-dimensionally scanned with respect to the display surface 11a. With the configuration, a two-dimensional image can be drawn on the display surface 11a.

Specifically, the display light LL ″ emitted from the display light source unit 23 is reflected by the reflection surface of the light reflection portion 251e of the light scanner 25, and then the reflection surface of the light reflection portion 271e of the light scanner 27. And is projected onto the display surface 11a of the screen 11. Then, the light reflecting portion 251e of the light scanner 25 is rotated, and the light reflecting portion 271e of the light scanner 27 is rotated at an angular velocity lower than the angular velocity (speed). By rotating, the display light LL ″ emitted from the display light source unit 23 is scanned in the horizontal direction with respect to the display surface 11a, and in the vertical direction at a scanning speed slower than the horizontal scanning speed. Scanned. Thus, the display light LL ″ emitted from the display light source unit 23 is scanned two-dimensionally with respect to the display surface 11a, and an image is drawn on the display surface 11a.
Here, in order to rotate the light reflecting portion 271e of the light scanner 27 at an angular velocity lower than the angular velocity of the light reflecting portion 251e of the light scanner 25, for example, the light scanner 25 is set to resonance driving using resonance, and the light scanner 27 is used. Is preferably non-resonant driving without using resonance.

Next, the angle detection means 26 for detecting the angle of the movable plate 251a of the optical scanner 25 will be described. Note that the angle detection unit 28 that detects the angle of the movable plate 271a of the optical scanner 27 has the same configuration as the angle detection unit 26, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 15, the angle detection means 26 includes a piezoelectric element 261 provided on the connecting portion 251 c of the optical scanner 25, an electromotive force detection unit 262 that detects an electromotive force generated from the piezoelectric element 261, and an electromotive force. And an angle detection unit 263 that obtains an angle of the movable plate 251a (detects a behavior) based on the detection result of the detection unit 262.

  When the connecting portion 251c is torsionally deformed as the movable plate 251a rotates, the piezoelectric element 261 is deformed accordingly. When the piezoelectric element 261 is deformed from a natural state to which no external force is applied, the piezoelectric element 261 has a property of generating an electromotive force having a magnitude corresponding to the deformation amount. Therefore, the angle detection unit 263 includes the electromotive force detection unit 262. Based on the magnitude of the electromotive force detected in step 1, the degree of twist of the connecting portion 251c is obtained, and the angle of the movable plate 251a (the reflection surface of the light reflecting portion 251e) is obtained from the degree of twist. In addition, the angle detection unit 263 obtains a deflection angle around the rotation center axis J1 of the movable plate 251a. A signal including information on the angle and deflection angle of the movable plate 251a is transmitted from the angle detection unit 263 to the control unit 12c.

[Control unit]
The control unit 12c determines a region in the display surface 11a to be in a light diffusion state from image data Da displayed on the display surface 11a of the screen 11 transmitted from a computer (not shown). This area is equal to the area irradiated with the display light LL ″ in order to display an image corresponding to the image data Da. Then, the control unit 12c performs vector scanning so that the address light LL ′ is irradiated onto the determined area. The controller 12c controls the driving of the module 12a, and the control unit 12c shakes the movable plate 31 of the optical scanner 3 for irradiating the address light LL 'to the coordinates (x, y coordinates) of each point on the display surface 11a. Information such as a table showing combinations of angles (tilts) is stored in advance, and the voltage applied to each of the coils 812, 822, 832, and 842 is driven by driving the optical scanner 3 based on this information (that is, the voltages applied to the coils 812, 822, 832, and 842). By changing each, the determined area is irradiated with the address light LL ′ to make the area in a light diffusion state, whereby the contour of the image displayed on the display surface 11a. Light diffusion region that matches the region enclosed, for example, a light diffusion region 11b as shown in FIG. 17 (a) is formed.

  In parallel (synchronized) with the step of forming the light diffusion region 11b, the control unit 12c is configured to irradiate the light diffusion region 11b on the display surface 11a with the display light LL ″ corresponding to the image data Da. Specifically, the controller 12c controls the color and light amount of the display light LL ″ at each part of the area of the display surface 11a irradiated with the display light LL ″ based on the image data Da. The display light LL ″ based on the determined color information is emitted from the display light source unit 23. The control unit 12c emits the display light LL ″ from the display light source unit 23 in accordance with the behavior of the movable plates 251a and 271a transmitted from the angle detection means 26 and 28, so that the display surface 11a The display light LL ″ is irradiated to the light diffusion region 11b. As a result, as shown in FIG. 17B, the display light LL ″ is reflected and diffused by the light diffusion region 11b, and a desired image is displayed on the display surface 11a.

  Since the screen 11 does not have a memory property, the portion that is in the light diffusion state by irradiating the address light LL ′ from the light transmitting state promptly becomes irradiated with the address light LL ′. Return to light transmission state. Therefore, when the image displayed on the display surface 11a is a still image, it is preferable to continue scanning with the address light LL ′ and the display light LL ″ at a relatively high speed of, for example, about 60 frames / second. When the image to be displayed on the display surface 11a is a moving image, the nth frame is drawn and the next frame is drawn. Since the image of the previous frame has been erased from the screen 11, there is no need for a resetting process such as returning the entire display surface 11a to the light transmissive state once. The time from the start of drawing the (n + 1) th frame to the time when the address light LL ′ is not irradiated is preferably equal to the time from the light diffusion state to the light transmission state. Arbitrariness. Accordingly, it is possible to inter-frame display good continuous video.

The image forming apparatus 1 has been described above.
According to such an image forming apparatus 1, as described above, the screen 11 is not visually disturbed when not in use, and when used, it is recognized that an image is displayed on a transparent plate. It is possible to give the person a feeling that the image is raised, and to effectively give interest to the displayed image.

  Further, as described above, the image forming apparatus 1 is configured to form a light diffusion region on the display surface 11a by the vector scan module 12a and to form an image in the light diffusion region by the raster scan module 12b. Here, vector scanning can increase the amount of light (light quantity) irradiated per unit area as compared to raster scanning. On the other hand, raster scanning can draw a clearer image than vector scanning. Therefore, like the image forming apparatus 1, the address light LL ′ is scanned on the display surface 11a by vector scanning to form a light diffusion region, and the display light LL ″ is scanned by raster scanning to display an image. By scanning in this manner, the advantages of vector scanning and raster scanning can be exhibited together.

  Here, in the raster scan module 12b, when the deflection angle of the movable plate 251a of the optical scanner 25 is constant, the deflection width of the display light LL ″ in the light emission state depends on the angle of the movable plate 271a of the optical scanner 27. The position in the vertical direction on the display surface 11 a where the display light LL ″ is scanned increases as the distance from the projector 12 increases. Therefore, in the projector 12, the deflection angle of the movable plate 251a may be adjusted according to the angle of the movable plate 271a. That is, the farther the vertical position on the display surface 11a is from the projector 12, the smaller the swing angle of the movable plate 251a, so that the swing width of the display light LL "in the light emission state is made constant along the vertical direction. By performing such correction, so-called “trapezoidal deflection” can be corrected. Note that making the swing width of the movable plate 251a constant can be achieved, for example, by controlling the magnitude of the alternating voltage applied to the coil 255.

  Further, the raster scan module 12b may perform the following control by adjusting the fluctuation width of the display light LL ″ in the light emission state. That is, the raster scan module 12b (the control unit 12c) The swing angle of the movable plates 251a and 271a may be changed based on the contour (outer shape) of the image displayed on the surface 11a, specifically, for example, the contour of the image displayed on the display surface 11a is shown in FIG. If the deflection angle of the movable plate 271a is equal to the vertical deflection width of the display light LL ″ at each horizontal position of the display surface 11a Control is made to be slightly larger than that. At the same time, the swing angle of the movable plate 251a is set so that the horizontal swing width of the display light LL ″ matches the horizontal width of the contour or slightly larger at each position in the vertical direction of the display surface 11a. According to such control, the display light LL ″ can be efficiently scanned on the display surface 11a and the same image is displayed on the display surface 11a as compared with the case where the control is not performed. It takes less time to complete. Thereby, a clear image can be displayed on the display surface 11a.

Second Embodiment
Next, a second embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a display light scanning unit included in the image forming apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the image forming apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment described above, and description of similar matters will be omitted.

The image forming apparatus according to the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment except that the configuration of the display light scanning unit is different, specifically, that one of the pair of optical scanners is replaced with a galvanometer mirror. Is almost the same. In FIG. 19, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
As shown in FIG. 19, the display light scanning unit 24A is a vertical scanner that scans the display light LL ″ emitted from the light scanner 25, the angle detection unit 26, and the display light source unit 23 in a direction perpendicular to the display surface 11a. It has a galvanometer mirror 29 that is a scanning mirror, and angle detection means 28A that detects the angle (behavior) of the reflection surface 291 of the galvanometer mirror.

The galvanometer mirror 29 includes a motor 294 having a rotation shaft 293 and a mirror portion 292 fixed to the rotation shaft 293. Further, the surface of the mirror portion 292 is a reflective surface 291. The galvanometer mirror 29 scans the display light LL ″ in the vertical direction by driving the motor 294 and rotating the reflecting surface 291 about the rotation axis 293. The angle detection means 28A is, for example, a rotation axis. The angle of the reflection surface 291 is detected based on the rotation angle of 293.
Also by such 2nd Embodiment, the effect similar to 1st Embodiment can be exhibited.

<Third Embodiment>
Next, a third embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the image forming apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the image forming apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment described above, and description of similar matters will be omitted.

The image forming apparatus of the third embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment except that the image forming apparatus has a reflecting mirror. In FIG. 20, the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as those in the above-described embodiment.
As illustrated in FIG. 20, the image forming apparatus 1 includes a screen 11, a projector 12, and a reflection mirror 13. These are relative to each other in a fixed positional relationship.

  In such an image forming apparatus 1, the address light LL ′ and the display light LL ″ emitted from the projector 12 are respectively reflected by the reflection mirror 13 and then scanned onto the display surface 11 a of the screen 11. The address light LL ′ and the display light LL ″ are once reflected by the reflection mirror 13, whereby the optical path lengths of the address light LL ′ and the display light LL ″ can be increased. The address light LL ′ and the display light LL ″ The area that can be scanned becomes larger. Such a configuration is particularly effective when the projector 12 is provided in the vicinity of the screen 11.

The reflection mirror 13 is not arranged in a region formed by extending the outline of the screen 11 in a direction orthogonal to the display surface 11a. Thereby, the observation of the image displayed on the display surface 11a can be effectively prevented from being obstructed by the reflection mirror 13. Therefore, the image displayed on the display surface 11a is easily observed by an observer, and an excellent advertising function can be exhibited.
According to the third embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be exhibited.

<Fourth embodiment>
Next, a fourth embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described.
21 is a plan view showing an optical scanner of a display light scanning unit included in an image drawing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 21, and FIG. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of voltages generated by the first voltage generation unit and the second voltage generation unit shown in FIG. 23. . In the following, for convenience of explanation, the front side in FIG. 21 is referred to as “up”, the back side in FIG. 21 is referred to as “down”, the right side is referred to as “right”, and the left side is referred to as “left”. The “upper” and the lower side are called “lower”.

Hereinafter, the image display apparatus according to the fourth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment described above, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
The image forming apparatus according to the fourth embodiment is different from the first embodiment except that the configuration of the optical scanner provided in the display light scanning unit is different, and specifically, one optical scanner is used instead of the two optical scanners. Is almost the same. In FIG. 22, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The display light scanning unit 24 has one optical scanner 9 of a so-called two-degree-of-freedom vibration system.
The optical scanner 9 includes a base 91 including a first vibration system 91a, a second vibration system 91b, and a support portion 91c as shown in FIG. 21, a counter substrate 92 disposed to face the base 91, and the base 91. A spacer member 93 provided between the counter substrate 92, a permanent magnet 941, and a coil 942 are provided.

  The first vibration system 91a includes a frame-shaped drive unit 911a provided inside the frame-shaped support unit 91c, and a pair of first connection units 912a that support the drive unit 911a on both sides of the support unit 91c. 913a. One second vibration system 91b includes a movable plate 911b provided inside the drive unit 911a, and a pair of second coupling portions 912b and 913b that support the movable plate 911b at both ends of the drive unit 911a. Has been.

The drive unit 911a has an annular shape in a plan view of FIG. The shape of the drive unit 911a is not particularly limited as long as it has a frame shape. For example, the drive unit 911a may have a quadrangular ring shape in a plan view of FIG. A permanent magnet 941 is joined to the lower surface of the driving unit 911a.
Each of the first connecting portions 912a and 913a has a longitudinal shape and can be elastically deformed. The first connecting portions 912a and 913a connect the driving portion 911a and the supporting portion 91c so that the driving portion 911a can be rotated with respect to the supporting portion 91c. The first connecting portions 912a and 913a are provided coaxially with each other, and the drive portion 911a rotates with respect to the support portion 91c around this axis (hereinafter referred to as “rotation center axis J3”). It is configured as follows.

The first connecting portion 912a is provided with a piezoelectric element 95a for detecting the angle of the drive portion 911a (the rotation angle around the rotation center axis J3).
The movable plate 911b has a circular shape in plan view of FIG. The shape of the movable plate 911b is not particularly limited as long as the movable plate 911b can be formed inside the drive unit 911a. For example, the shape of the movable plate 911b may be an ellipse or a quadrangle in a plan view of FIG. May be. A light reflecting portion 91d having light reflectivity is formed on the upper surface of the movable plate 911b.

Each of the second connecting portions 912b and 913b has a longitudinal shape and can be elastically deformed. The second connecting portions 912b and 913b respectively connect the movable plate 911b and the drive portion 911a so that the movable plate 911b can be rotated with respect to the drive portion 911a. The second connecting portions 912b and 913b are provided coaxially with each other, and the movable plate 911b rotates with respect to the drive portion 911a around this axis (hereinafter referred to as “rotation center axis J4”). It is configured as follows.
The second connecting portion 912b is provided with a piezoelectric element 95b for detecting the angle of the movable plate 911b (the rotation angle around the rotation center axis J4).

As shown in FIG. 21, the rotation center axis J3 and the rotation center axis J4 are orthogonal to each other. Further, the centers of the driving unit 911a and the movable plate 911b are respectively located on the intersections of the rotation center axes J3 and J4 in the plan view of FIG. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, an intersection of the rotation center axis J3 and the rotation center axis J4 is also referred to as an “intersection point G”.
As shown in FIG. 22, the base 91 as described above is bonded to the counter substrate 92 via a spacer member 93. A coil 942 for generating a magnetic field acting on the permanent magnet 941 is provided on the upper surface of the counter substrate 92.

The permanent magnet 941 passes through the intersection point G in the plan view of FIG. 21 and is inclined with respect to each of the rotation center axis J3 and the rotation center axis J4 (this line segment is referred to as “line segment M”). (Also called). Such a permanent magnet 941 has an S pole on one side in the longitudinal direction with respect to the intersection point G and an N pole on the other side.
In the plan view of FIG. 21, the inclination angle θ of the line segment M with respect to the rotation center axis J3 is preferably 30 to 60 degrees, more preferably 40 to 50 degrees, and approximately 45 degrees. Is more preferable. By providing the permanent magnet 941 in this manner, the movable plate 911b can be smoothly rotated around the rotation center axis J3 and the rotation center axis J4. In the present embodiment, the line segment M is inclined about 45 degrees with respect to the rotation center axis J3 and the rotation center axis J4.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 22, a recess 941 a is formed on the upper surface of the permanent magnet 941. The recess 941a is an escape portion for preventing contact between the permanent magnet 941 and the movable plate 911b. By forming such a recess 941a, it is possible to prevent the movable plate 911b from coming into contact with the permanent magnet 941 when the movable plate 911b rotates about the rotation center axis J3.

The coil 942 is formed so as to surround the outer periphery of the drive unit 911a in a plan view of FIG. Thereby, when the optical scanner 9 is driven, the contact between the drive unit 911a and the coil 942 can be reliably prevented. As a result, the distance between the coil 942 and the permanent magnet 941 can be further shortened, and the magnetic field generated from the coil 942 can be efficiently applied to the permanent magnet 941.
The coil 942 is electrically connected to the voltage applying means 943, and when a voltage is applied to the coil 942 by the voltage applying means 943, each of the rotation center axis J3 and the rotation center axis J4 from the coil 942. A magnetic field is generated in the axial direction perpendicular to.

  As shown in FIG. 23, the voltage applying means 943 includes a first voltage generator 943a that generates a first voltage V1 for rotating the movable plate 911b around the rotation center axis J3, and a movable plate 911b. A second voltage generator 943b that generates a second voltage V2 for rotating around the rotation center axis J4 is superimposed on the first voltage V1 and the second voltage V2, and the voltage is applied to the coil 942. And a voltage superimposing portion 943c to be applied.

As shown in FIG. 24A, the first voltage generator 943a generates a first voltage V1 (vertical scanning voltage) that periodically changes at a period T1. The first voltage V1 has a waveform like a sawtooth wave. Therefore, the optical scanner 9 can effectively vertically scan the light. Note that the waveform of the first voltage V1 is not limited to this. Here, the frequency (1 / T1) of the first voltage V1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a frequency suitable for vertical scanning, but is preferably 15 to 40 Hz (about 30 Hz).
In the present embodiment, the frequency of the first voltage V1 is different from the torsional resonance frequency of the first vibration system 91a configured by the drive unit 911a and the pair of first coupling units 912a and 913a. Has been adjusted.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 24B, the second voltage generator 943b generates a second voltage V2 (horizontal scanning voltage) that periodically changes at a period T2 different from the period T1. The second voltage V2 has a waveform like a sine wave. Therefore, the optical scanner 9 can perform main scanning of light effectively. The waveform of the second voltage V2 is not limited to this.
The frequency of the second voltage V2 is not particularly limited as long as it is higher than the frequency of the first voltage V1 and is suitable for horizontal scanning, but is preferably 10 to 40 kHz. Thus, by setting the frequency of the second voltage V2 to 10 to 40 kHz and the frequency of the first voltage V1 to about 30 Hz as described above, the movable plate 911b can be moved at a frequency suitable for drawing on the screen. It can be rotated around the rotation center axis J3 and the rotation center axis J4. However, if the movable plate 911b can be rotated around each of the rotation center axis J3 and the rotation center axis J4, the combination of the frequency of the first voltage V1 and the frequency of the second voltage V2 can be obtained. There is no particular limitation.

In the present embodiment, the frequency of the second voltage V2 is adjusted to be equal to the torsional resonance frequency of the second vibration system 91b configured by the movable plate 911b and the pair of second coupling portions 912b and 913b. Has been. Thereby, the rotation angle around the rotation center axis J3 of the movable plate 911b can be increased.
In addition, when the resonance frequency of the first vibration system 91a is f ₁ [Hz] and the resonance frequency of the second vibration system 91b is f ₂ [Hz], f ₁ and f ₂ are f ₂ > f ₁ is preferably satisfied, and more preferably f ₂ ≧ 10f ₁ is satisfied. As a result, the movable plate 911b can be rotated more smoothly around the rotation center axis J3 at the frequency of the second voltage V2 while being smoothly rotated at the frequency of the first voltage V1. Can do.

The first voltage generation unit 943a and the second voltage generation unit 943b are each connected to the control unit 12c and driven based on a signal from the control unit 12c. A voltage superimposing unit 943c is connected to the first voltage generating unit 943a and the second voltage generating unit 943b.
The voltage superimposing unit 943c includes an adder 943d for applying a voltage to the coil 942. The adder 943d receives the first voltage V1 from the first voltage generator 943a and the second voltage V2 from the second voltage generator 943b, and superimposes these voltages and applies them to the coil 942. It has become.

The optical scanner 9 configured as described above is driven as follows.
For example, the first voltage V1 as shown in FIG. 24A and the voltage V2 as shown in FIG. 24B are superimposed by the voltage superimposing unit 943c, and the superimposed voltage is applied to the coil 942 ( This superimposed voltage is also referred to as “voltage V3”.
Then, the first voltage V1 component in the voltage V3 tries to attract the south pole side of the permanent magnet 941 to the coil 942, and the magnetic field trying to separate the north pole side from the coil 942 and the permanent magnet 941. The magnetic field which tries to separate the S pole side from the coil 942 and the N pole side to the coil 942 is alternately switched. As a result, the drive unit 911a rotates about the rotation center axis J3 at the frequency of the first voltage V1 together with the movable plate 911b while twisting and deforming the first coupling portions 912a and 913a.

  The frequency of the first voltage V1 is set to be extremely lower than the frequency of the second voltage V2, and the resonance frequency of the first vibration system 91a is the resonance frequency of the second vibration system 91b. Designed lower than. Therefore, the first vibration system 91a is easier to vibrate than the second vibration system 91b, and the movable plate 911b rotates around the rotation center axis J4 due to the first voltage V1 component. Can be prevented.

On the other hand, the second voltage V2 component in the voltage V3 causes the S pole side of the permanent magnet 941 to be attracted to the coil 942, and the N pole side is separated from the coil 942, and the permanent magnet 941 The magnetic field which tries to separate the S pole side from the coil 942 and the N pole side to the coil 942 is alternately switched. As a result, the movable plate 911b rotates about the rotation center axis J4 at the frequency of the second voltage V2 while twisting and deforming the second connecting portions 912b and 913b.
Since the frequency of the second voltage V2 is equal to the torsional resonance frequency of the second vibration system 91b, the movable plate 911b can be predominantly rotated around the rotation center axis J4 by the second voltage V2. it can. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the movable plate 911b from rotating about the rotation center axis J3 together with the drive unit 911a by the second voltage V2.

According to the optical scanner 9 as described above, the display light LL ″ can be scanned two-dimensionally with one optical scanner, and the space for the display light scanning unit 24 can be saved. When a pair of optical scanners are used as in the embodiment, the relative positional relationship between these optical scanners must be set with high accuracy. However, in the present embodiment, this is not necessary, and thus manufacturing is facilitated. be able to.
According to the fourth embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be exhibited.

<Fifth Embodiment>
Next, a fifth embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical scanner of an address optical scanning unit provided in an image drawing apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the following, for convenience of explanation, the upper side in FIG. 25 is referred to as “upper” and the lower side is referred to as “lower”.

Hereinafter, the image forming apparatus according to the fifth embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the image forming apparatus according to the above-described embodiment, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
The image forming apparatus of the fifth embodiment is substantially the same as the image forming apparatus described above except that the configuration of the optical scanner included in the address light scanning unit is different. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the structure similar to 1st Embodiment mentioned above.
As shown in FIG. 25, in the optical scanner 3D of this embodiment, the direction of the vibration system 3a is opposite to that of the first embodiment described above. That is, the surface located on the base 33 side in the above-described embodiment is located on the side opposite to the base 33, and the surface located on the side opposite to the base 33 is located on the base 33 side. Is provided.

  In addition, the movable plate 31D of the present embodiment includes a base 313D that is connected to each of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7, and a light reflecting plate 315D that is fixed to the base 313D via a column portion 314D. . In such a movable plate 31D, the light reflecting portion 312 is provided on the upper surface of the light reflecting plate 315D. By configuring the movable plate 31D as described above, it is possible to increase the area of the light reflecting portion 312 while preventing the optical scanner 3D from being enlarged. As a result, the light reflecting portion 312 can reflect the address light LL ′ having a larger luminous flux. Therefore, the address light LL ′ can be efficiently scanned on the display surface 11a. Further, it is possible to make it difficult to transfer heat generated by light reflection at the light reflecting portion 312 to each of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, 7, and to suppress thermal expansion of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, 7. Can do. From the viewpoint of preventing heat transfer to each of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, and 7, the column portion 314D may be made of a material having excellent heat insulation.

  The light reflecting plate 315D may have any shape and size as long as the driving of the light scanner 3D is not hindered. For example, the light reflecting plate 315D is fit between the pair of non-deformable portions 4213 and 6213 in the X-axis direction. It is preferable that the shape and the size fit between the pair of non-deformable portions 5213 and 7213 in the Y-axis direction. As a result, when any of the first shaft portions 42, 52, 62, 72 of the connecting portions 4, 5, 6, 7 is bent, any one of the drive plate side shaft portions 423, 523, 623, 723 and the light reflecting plate. Contact with 315D can be reliably prevented.

Specifically, the planar shape of the light reflecting plate 315D is preferably, for example, a circular shape having a diameter smaller than the separation distance between the pair of non-deformed portions 4213 and 6213. In addition, it is also preferable that the length in the X-axis direction is shorter than the distance between the pair of non-deformable portions 4213 and 6213 and the length in the Y-axis direction is shorter than the distance between the pair of non-deformable portions 5213 and 7213.
According to the fifth embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be exhibited.
The image forming apparatus as described above can be suitably applied to, for example, a rear projection display device (rear projector). As a result, a rear projector having excellent drawing characteristics can be provided.

As shown in FIG. 25, the rear projector 100 has a configuration in which a projector 12, a light guide mirror 110, and a screen 11 are arranged in a housing 120. The screen 11 is disposed with the first substrate 111 side facing the housing 120. Such a rear projector 100 is configured to reflect the address light LL ′ and the display light LL ″ emitted from the projector 12 by the light guide mirror 110 and scan the display surface 11 a of the screen 11.
In the rear projector 100, since the observer visually recognizes the screen 11 from the back side (the side opposite to the display surface 11a), the projector 12 displays a mirror image of an image that the observer wants to observe on the display surface 11a. Thus, it is preferable to scan the address light LL ′ and the display light LL ″.

  As described above, the image forming apparatus and the rear projection display apparatus of the present invention have been described based on the illustrated embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the configuration of each unit is arbitrary having the same function. It can be replaced with the configuration of In addition, any other component may be added to the present invention. Further, the present invention may be a combination of any two or more configurations (features) of the above embodiments.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Image forming apparatus 11 ... Screen 11a ... Display surface 11b ... Light diffusion area 111 ... 1st board | substrate 111a ... 1st electrode 112 ... Photoconductive film 113, 115 ... Alignment film 114 ... Liquid crystal polymer composite layer (liquid crystal layer) 114a Liquid crystal 114b Polymer 116 Second substrate 116a Second electrode 117 Voltage applying means 118 Screen body 12 Projector 12a Vector scan module 12b Raster scan module 12c Control unit 13 Reflection mirror 21 Light source unit for address light (address light emission unit) 211i Laser light source 212i Collimator lens 213i Dichroic mirror 22 ... Address light scanning unit 23 ... Light source unit for display light Display light emitting unit) 231r, 231g, 231b ... Laser light source 232r, 232g, 232b ... Collimator lens 233r, 233g, 233b ... Dichroic mirror 24, 24A ... Display light scanning part 25, 27 ... Optical scanner 26 , 28, 28A ... Angle detection means 251 ... Base 251a, 271a ... Movable plate 251b ... Support part 251c, 251d ... Connection part 251e, 271e ... Light reflection part 252 ... Spacer member 253 ... Counter substrate 254 ... Permanent magnet 255 ... Coil 256 ... Voltage application means 257 ... Drive means 261 ... Piezoelectric element 262 ... Electromotive force detection part 263 ... Angle detection part 29 ... Galvano mirror 291 ... Reflecting surface 292 ... Mirror part 293 Rotating shaft 294 Motor 3, 3D ... Optical scanner 3a ... Vibration system 31, 31D ... Movable plate 311 ... Surface 312 ... Light reflection part 313D ... Base part 314D ... Column part 315D ... Light reflection plate 32 ... Support part 33 ································································································ Base part 332 ... Frame part 4, 5, 6, 7 ... Connection part 41, 51, 61, 71 ... Drive plate 411 ... ... 1 shaft portion 421, 521, 621, 721... Stress relieving portion 422, 522, 622, 722... Movable plate side shaft portion 423, 523, 623, 723... Drive plate side shaft portion 4211, 4212, 5211, 5212, 6211, 6212, 7211, 7212 ... deformed part 4213, 5213, 6213, 7213 ... non-deformed part 4214, 4215, 5214, 5215, 6214, 6215, 7214, 7215... Connection portion 43, 53, 63, 73 .. Second shaft portion 8... Displacement means 81... First displacement means 811, 821, 831, 841 ... Permanent magnet 812, 822, 832 , 842 ... coil 813, 823, 833, 843 ... power supply 82 ... second displacement means 83 ... third displacement means 84 ... fourth displacement means 85 ... coil fixing part 851 ... projection part DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Optical scanner 91 ... Base 91a ... 1st vibration system 91b ... 2nd vibration system 91c ... Support part 91d ... Light reflection part 92 ... Opposite substrate 93 ... Spacer member 911a ... Drive Portions 912a, 913a ... First connecting portion 911b ... Movable plate 912b, 913b ... Second connecting portion 941 ... Permanent magnet 942 ... Coil 943 ... Voltage applying means 9 a, 95b ... Piezoelectric element 941a ... Recess 943a ... First voltage generator 943b ... Second voltage generator 943c ... Voltage superposition part 943d ... Adder 100 ... Rear projector 110 ... Derivative Optical Mirror 120 ... Case S ... Stage LL '... Address Light LL "... Display Light RR, GG, BB ... Laser Light

Claims (18)

A screen having a display surface, and a projector for drawing an image by scanning the display surface with light,
The screen can independently select a light transmitting state for transmitting light and a light diffusing state for diffusing light at each part of the display surface, and the part irradiated with address light becomes the light diffusing state. The portion that is not irradiated with the address light is configured to be in the light transmission state,
The projector includes a vector scanning unit that performs vector scanning of the address light on the display surface so that an area corresponding to an image displayed on the display surface of the display surface is in the light diffusion state, and for displaying the image the display light possess a raster scan unit for raster scanning region became the light diffusion state by the irradiation of the address light,
The vector scanning unit includes an address light emitting unit that emits the address light and an address light scanning unit that reflects the address light and scans the display surface.
The address light scanning unit includes a movable plate provided with a light reflecting unit having light reflectivity, a support unit that supports the movable plate, the movable plate and the support unit, and a plan view of the movable plate. In the outer periphery of the movable plate, there are four connecting portions provided at intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction,
The four connection parts are composed of a pair of first connection parts opposed to each other via the movable plate, and another pair of second connection parts, and the first connection parts are bent by bending the first connection parts. The movable plate can be rotated around the axis of the second connecting portion while twisting and deforming the two connecting portions, and the first connecting portion is twisted by bending a pair of the second connecting portions. An image forming apparatus , wherein the movable plate can be rotated around the axis of the first connecting portion while being deformed .   The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the address light is infrared light. The raster scanning unit, an image forming apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, reflected have a display optical scanning unit for scanning to the display surface display light emitting portion and the display light that emits the display light. The display light scanning unit includes a movable plate provided with a light reflecting unit having light reflectivity so that the movable plate can rotate in at least one direction or two directions orthogonal to each other, and the light reflected by the light reflecting unit by the rotation. The image forming apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising an optical scanner that scans the display surface. When two axes perpendicular to each other in plan view of the movable plate are taken as an X axis and a Y axis,
The pair of first connecting portions includes a driving portion spaced apart from the movable plate in the X-axis direction, a first shaft portion connecting the movable plate and the driving portion and extending in the X-axis direction, A second shaft portion connecting the drive portion and the support portion and extending in the Y-axis direction, and twisting the second shaft portion to deform the drive portion around the Y axis By turning, the first shaft is bent in the middle of its longitudinal direction,
The pair of second connecting portions includes a driving portion spaced from the movable plate in the Y-axis direction, a first shaft portion connecting the movable plate and the driving portion and extending in the Y-axis direction, A second shaft portion that connects the drive portion and the support portion and extends in the X-axis direction, and twists the second shaft portion to deform the drive portion around the X axis. by rotating, the image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to bend the first axis in the middle of the longitudinal direction. The first shaft portions of the four connecting portions are respectively connected to the stress relief portion provided between the movable plate and the drive portion, the stress relief portion and the movable plate, and around the central axis. The image according to claim 5 , further comprising: a movable plate side shaft portion that can be torsionally deformed, and a drive portion side shaft portion that connects the stress relaxation portion and the drive portion, and is bent at the stress relaxation portion. Forming equipment. The stress absorbing portions of the connecting portions of the four, respectively, in plan view of the movable plate, extend in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the movable plate-side shaft portion and the driver-side shaft portion, A pair of deformable portions that twist and deform around a central axis, wherein one of the pair of deformable portions is connected to the movable plate side shaft portion, and the other deformable portion is The image forming apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the image forming apparatus is connected to the drive unit side shaft. The stress relieving portions of the four connecting portions are each provided between the pair of deformation portions, extend in a direction parallel to the extending direction of the deformation portions, and are twisted and deformed around a central axis. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7 , further comprising a non-deformable portion that does not. Displacement means for displacing the movable plate with respect to the support portion;
Four displacement means are provided corresponding to the four connecting portions,
Four of the displacement means, respectively, the image forming according to any one of a permanent magnet provided on the drive unit, the preceding claims 5 and a coil for generating a magnetic field acting on the permanent magnet 8 apparatus. In the four displacement means, the permanent magnet is provided so that both poles face each other in the thickness direction of the movable plate, and the coil generates a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the movable plate. The image forming apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the image forming apparatus is provided. The projector determines an area to be the light diffusion state of the display surface from image data displayed on the display surface, the address light is irradiated to the determined area, and the display light is the address light. The image according to any one of claims 3 to 10 , further comprising a control unit that controls operations of the raster scanning unit and the vector scanning unit so that the region that is in the light diffusion state by irradiation is irradiated. Forming equipment. When the directions orthogonal to each other in plan view of the display surface are the first direction and the second direction,
The raster scanning unit is configured to scan the display surface by scanning in the second direction while scanning the display light in the first direction,
The control unit determines a swing width in the first direction and a swing width in the second direction of the display light scanned on the display surface by the display light scanning unit based on the image data. The image forming apparatus according to claim 11 . The projector, the image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 not placed the contour of the screen in the area formed by extending in a direction perpendicular to the display surface 12. The projector, the image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13 is installed within 1m from the site closest to the projector of the display surface. The screen includes a light-transmitting first substrate on which a first electrode is formed, a photoconductive film in which electric resistance of a portion irradiated with the address light is reduced, and a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal is dispersed When the image forming apparatus according to any one of the second to the substrate is no claim 1 are provided in this order from the display surface side 14 which has a light transmitting property which the second electrode is formed. The liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal polymer composite layer in which the liquid crystal and the polymer are separated from each other. The liquid crystal and the polymer have refractive index anisotropy, and the first electrode and the second The light transmission state in which the liquid crystal and the polymer are aligned together according to the strength of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer by applying a voltage between the electrodes, and the liquid crystal and the high The image forming apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the image forming apparatus is configured to take the light diffusion state in which molecules are oriented in different directions. When the strength of the voltage at which the light transmission state and the light diffusion state are switched is V, the strength of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. In a state where a voltage is applied so that the voltage does not become larger than the V, the address light is irradiated to a portion of the display surface to be in the light diffusion state, and the portion of the photoconductive film irradiated with the address light By reducing the electrical resistance, the strength of the voltage acting on the portion of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer irradiated with the address light is made larger than the V, whereby the address light on the display surface is irradiated. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein the formed portion is changed from the light transmission state to the light diffusion state. A housing, a screen fixed to the housing and having a display surface, and a projector which is disposed in the housing and draws an image by scanning light on the display surface;
The screen can independently select a light transmitting state for transmitting light and a light diffusing state for diffusing light at each part of the display surface, and the part irradiated with address light becomes the light diffusing state. The portion that is not irradiated with the address light is configured to be in the light transmission state,
The projector includes a vector scanning unit that performs vector scanning of the address light on the display surface so that an area corresponding to an image displayed on the display surface of the display surface is in the light diffusion state, and for displaying the image the display light possess a raster scan unit for raster scanning region became the light diffusion state by the irradiation of the address light,
The vector scanning unit includes an address light emitting unit that emits the address light and an address light scanning unit that reflects the address light and scans the display surface.
The address light scanning unit includes a movable plate provided with a light reflecting unit having light reflectivity, a support unit that supports the movable plate, the movable plate and the support unit, and a plan view of the movable plate. In the outer periphery of the movable plate, there are four connecting portions provided at intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction,
The four connection parts are composed of a pair of first connection parts opposed to each other via the movable plate, and another pair of second connection parts, and the first connection parts are bent by bending the first connection parts. The movable plate can be rotated around the axis of the second connecting portion while twisting and deforming the two connecting portions, and the first connecting portion is twisted by bending a pair of the second connecting portions. A rear projection display device characterized in that the movable plate can be rotated around the axis of the first connecting portion while being deformed .

Images