JP5563086B2 - 燃料中の水分センサ - Google Patents
燃料中の水分センサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5563086B2 JP5563086B2 JP2012527376A JP2012527376A JP5563086B2 JP 5563086 B2 JP5563086 B2 JP 5563086B2 JP 2012527376 A JP2012527376 A JP 2012527376A JP 2012527376 A JP2012527376 A JP 2012527376A JP 5563086 B2 JP5563086 B2 JP 5563086B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- moisture sensor
- fuel
- refractive index
- pof
- fuel according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000013308 plastic optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000113 methacrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 diesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
- G01N33/2847—Water in oils
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/43—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length by measuring critical angle
- G01N21/431—Dip refractometers, e.g. using optical fibres
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
この発明は、液体燃料中に溶解した添加剤の量を検出するためのセンサに関する。たとえば、この発明は、航空機燃料(灯油)中の水分の存在を検出するための装置に用いられ得る。
一般に、石油から生成される液体燃料(たとえばガソリン、ディーゼル、灯油)は、ある特性を高める(たとえば取扱を容易にする、または性能を改善する)ために、その中に溶解した化学添加剤を有する。そのような添加剤の比率は非常に小さく(たとえば100ppm未満)あり得るが、燃料が所望の特性を示すことを確保するために、注意深く管理される必要があり得る。
最も一般的には、この発明は、化学物質が液体燃料中に溶解している場合に、その化学物質を検出するために、光ファイバの光学的特性において検出可能な変化を生成するための手段としての、化学物質に対して感度を有する材料から光ファイバを製造することを提案する。すなわち、化学物質の存在は、固有の方法で、光ファイバの光学的特性に影響を与える。これは、光ファイバを用いて中間体における変化が検出される従来のセンサと区別可能である。
図1は、燃料中の水分センサ10の実施形態を示す。センサは光源12を備え、光源12は、たとえばハロゲンランプ等の広帯域白色光源であり、光ファイバ14を介してプローブ21に光学的に結合される。この実施の形態において、光ファイバ14は従来のシリカ系ファイバであるが、光源12の出力をプローブ21へと運ぶ、任意の他の手段を用いることができる。
Claims (11)
- 燃料中の水分センサであって、
燃料に浸すためのプローブを備え、前記プローブは、光放射を導くための、コーティングされていないポリマー光ファイバ(POF)を備え、前記POFは、透水性のプラスチック材料からなるとともに格子部分を有し、前記格子部分は、特有の反射または透過プロファイルを示す周期的な屈折率変調を有し、
前記燃料中の水分センサは、さらに、
前記プローブに光学的に結合されて前記POFに光放射を届けるための光源と、
前記格子部分から反射され、または前記格子部分により透過された光放射を受けて、前記格子部分の前記特有の反射または透過プロファイルをモニタするように構成された検出器とをさらに備える、燃料中の水分センサ。 - 前記POFは、第1の屈折率を有する透水性のプラスチックからなるコアと、第2の屈折率を有する、前記コアを囲むクラッディングとを備え、前記第2の屈折率は、前記第1の屈折率よりも低い、請求項1に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。
- 前記周期的な屈折率変調は、前記コア内に制限される、請求項2に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。
- 前記クラッディングは、前記格子部分において減少した厚みの領域を有する、請求項2または3に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。
- 前記格子部分は、ブラッググレーティング(FBG)または長周期格子(LPG)を備える、先行する請求項のいずれか1項に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。
- 前記検出器は、前記FBGまたは前記LPGの共鳴波長をモニタするように構成される、請求項5に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。
- 前記光源は、広帯域光放射を前記POFに結合するように構成され、
前記検出器は、前記格子部分から反射され、または前記格子部分により透過された光放射のスペクトルを検出するように構成される、先行する請求項のいずれか1項に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。 - 前記光源は、単一の調節可能な周波数を有する光放射を前記POFに結合するように構成され、前記検出器は、前記光源とともにフィードバックループに配置されて前記格子部分の共鳴周波数を検出する、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。
- 前記POFは、ポリ(メチルメタクリル樹脂)系(PMMA系)材料からなる、先行する請求項のいずれか1項に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。
- 前記POFは、実質的に純粋なPMMAからなるクラッディングを備え、前記クラッディングはコアを囲み、前記コアは、その屈折率を増加させるために、1以上の他のポリマーを含むPMMAからなる、請求項9に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。
- 前記コア中の前記他のポリマーは、1以上の光感度増強ポリマーを含む、請求項10に記載の燃料中の水分センサ。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0915492.3 | 2009-09-04 | ||
GB0915492A GB0915492D0 (en) | 2009-09-04 | 2009-09-04 | Sensor |
PCT/GB2010/001623 WO2011027099A1 (en) | 2009-09-04 | 2010-08-27 | Water-in-fuel sensor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2013504052A JP2013504052A (ja) | 2013-02-04 |
JP5563086B2 true JP5563086B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
Family
ID=41203222
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012527376A Expired - Fee Related JP5563086B2 (ja) | 2009-09-04 | 2010-08-27 | 燃料中の水分センサ |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8873060B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2473837A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5563086B2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB0915492D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011027099A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9361779B2 (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2016-06-07 | Caterpillar Inc. | Remote water in fuel indicator unit |
RU2615401C1 (ru) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-04-04 | Федеральное автономное учреждение "25 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химмотологии Министерства обороны Российской Федерации" | Способ качественного определения мицеллярной воды в реактивных топливах |
EP3343203B1 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-11-13 | Vito NV | Optical methods for phase change materials |
KR101983551B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-05-29 | 한밭대학교 산학협력단 | 토양수분센서 디바이스용 고분자 봉지 산화물 박막 트랜지스터 |
WO2022076747A1 (en) * | 2020-10-07 | 2022-04-14 | Goltzman Chad M | On-vehicle water in fuel sensing system and related signal processing |
Family Cites Families (18)
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US4638305A (en) | 1985-03-22 | 1987-01-20 | General Motors Corporation | Apparatus for detecting water in fuel |
JPS62168034A (ja) * | 1986-01-20 | 1987-07-24 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 光フアイバ−を用いた湿度の測定方法及び湿度計 |
US5005005A (en) | 1986-03-10 | 1991-04-02 | Brossia Charles E | Fiber optic probe system |
JPS6392241A (ja) | 1986-10-04 | 1988-04-22 | Hokuto Seisakusho:Kk | 電気機材用コイルの製造方法 |
JPS6392241U (ja) * | 1986-12-05 | 1988-06-15 | ||
US5121986A (en) | 1990-04-17 | 1992-06-16 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method and apparatus for determining composition of fuel mixtures |
US5642098A (en) | 1996-04-18 | 1997-06-24 | Oems Corporation | Capacitive oil water emulsion sensor system |
AU8913898A (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-03-08 | Shiping Chen | Large scale high speed multiplexed optical fiber sensor network |
JP2001013334A (ja) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-19 | Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co Ltd | ファイバ型検出素子、その製造方法および製造装置、並びにそれを用いたセンサ |
US6965708B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2005-11-15 | Luna Innovations, Inc. | Devices, systems, and methods for sensing moisture |
US7781725B2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2010-08-24 | Mossman Guy E | Optical fiber based sensor system suitable for monitoring remote aqueous infiltration |
GB0415882D0 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2004-08-18 | Univ Southampton | Optical sensors |
WO2006126468A1 (ja) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | 光ファイバセンサ |
US20070116402A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2007-05-24 | Infoscitex Corporation | Humidity sensor and method for monitoring moisture in concrete |
JP2007071863A (ja) * | 2005-08-10 | 2007-03-22 | Yokohama National Univ | 光学式センサ及び流体測定方法 |
JP2007214430A (ja) * | 2006-02-10 | 2007-08-23 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | マルチモード光通信システムおよび多波長面発光素子 |
FR2902190B1 (fr) * | 2006-06-13 | 2008-12-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Capteur a base de fibre optique microstructuree et a reseau de bragg |
US20090059209A1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-05 | An-Dien Nguyen | Lock-in demodulation technique for optical interrogation of a grating sensor |
-
2009
- 2009-09-04 GB GB0915492A patent/GB0915492D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-08-27 EP EP10752107A patent/EP2473837A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-08-27 WO PCT/GB2010/001623 patent/WO2011027099A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-08-27 JP JP2012527376A patent/JP5563086B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-27 US US13/393,946 patent/US8873060B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120162654A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
JP2013504052A (ja) | 2013-02-04 |
GB0915492D0 (en) | 2009-10-07 |
US8873060B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
WO2011027099A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
EP2473837A1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
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