JP5560649B2 - Resin composition for sliding member and resin sliding member - Google Patents
Resin composition for sliding member and resin sliding member Download PDFInfo
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- JP5560649B2 JP5560649B2 JP2009242044A JP2009242044A JP5560649B2 JP 5560649 B2 JP5560649 B2 JP 5560649B2 JP 2009242044 A JP2009242044 A JP 2009242044A JP 2009242044 A JP2009242044 A JP 2009242044A JP 5560649 B2 JP5560649 B2 JP 5560649B2
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 102200082816 rs34868397 Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010680 novolac-type phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、摺動部材用樹脂組成物及び樹脂製摺動部材に係わり、更に詳しくは潤滑性を有する流体が介在する環境下で使用する射出成形可能な摺動部材用樹脂組成物及び樹脂製摺動部材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a resin composition for a sliding member and a resin sliding member, and more particularly, an injection-moldable resin composition for a sliding member used in an environment in which a fluid having lubricity is present, and a resin product. The present invention relates to a sliding member.
従来から機械機構部品において樹脂製の摺動部材は広く使用されている。潤滑性を有する流体が介在する環境下で使用される従来の樹脂製摺動部材は、摺動相手金属材質が鋼の場合、許容される面圧、すべり速度の範囲内において使用可能であったが、この許容値を超えた条件においては、摩擦熱による影響で摩擦特性及び摩耗特性が著しく悪化し、使用は困難であった。 Conventionally, resin-made sliding members have been widely used in mechanical mechanism parts. Conventional plastic sliding members used in environments where fluids with lubricity are present can be used within the allowable surface pressure and sliding speed ranges when the metal material of the sliding counterpart is steel. However, under conditions that exceeded this allowable value, the frictional characteristics and wear characteristics were significantly deteriorated due to the influence of frictional heat, making it difficult to use.
また一方で、摺動相手金属材質が軟質金属の場合においては、従来の樹脂製摺動部材は耐摩耗性が不足しており、また配合充填材の硬度、形状及び充填量に起因する相手攻撃性のため、軟質金属が損傷する問題があり、条件的に狭い領域しか適応できず、使用が限定的であった。 On the other hand, when the sliding metal member is a soft metal, the conventional resin sliding member has insufficient wear resistance, and the opponent attack is caused by the hardness, shape and filling amount of the compounded filler. Due to the property, there is a problem that the soft metal is damaged, and only a narrow region can be applied conditionally, and its use is limited.
特許文献1には、射出成形可能な樹脂組成物で成形したトランスミッション用スラストワッシャが開示されている。この樹脂組成物は、フェノール樹脂に、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維及び芳香族ポリアミド繊維から選ばれた少なくとも一つの繊維状配合材を樹脂組成物全体に対して30〜80重量%配合したものである。更に、樹脂組成物に、シリカ、炭酸カルシウム、マイカ、ウォラストナイト、ガラスフレーク及びクレーから選ばれた少なくとも一つの無機配合材を配合して剛性や耐摩耗性を向上させる点も記載されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a thrust washer for transmission molded with a resin composition that can be injection molded. In this resin composition, at least one fibrous compounding material selected from glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aromatic polyamide fiber is blended with phenol resin in an amount of 30 to 80% by weight based on the entire resin composition. Furthermore, it is also described that the resin composition contains at least one inorganic compounding material selected from silica, calcium carbonate, mica, wollastonite, glass flakes, and clay to improve rigidity and wear resistance. .
本出願人の先願に係る特許文献2には、フェノール樹脂が30〜55重量%、ガラス繊維が30〜55重量%、ガラスビーズが5〜25重量%であり、全体が100%となるように調製した樹脂組成物を用いて一体成形したチェーンガイド及びチェーンテンショナアームが開示されている。この樹脂組成物に、更にアルミナ粒子を0.5〜20重量%添加して摩擦係数を低下させることも開示されている。
In
更に、特許文献3には、フェノール樹脂100質量部に対し、無機補強繊維50〜90質量部、潤滑性付与材10〜50質量部及び金属水和物30〜80質量部を必須成分として配合した樹脂製摺動部材に適したフェノール樹脂成形材料が開示されている。前記無機補強繊維として、ガラス繊維、カーボン繊維、繊維状珪酸カルシウム、繊維状硫酸マグネシウム、グラスウール、ロックウール、スラグウール、セピオライト繊維およびワラストナイト繊維から選ばれる少なくとも一種類を含み、前記潤滑性付与材として、グラファイト、フッ素樹脂粉末および2硫化モリブデンから選ばれる少なくとも一種類を含有する。水酸化アルミニウムや水酸化マグネシウム等の金属水和物を配合することにより、熱伝導性を高める点が記載されているが、金属水和物を配合すると寸法安定性、機械的強度が低下する。
Furthermore, in
近年、自動車用の機械機構部品において、燃費向上のために構成部品総量の軽量化を図ることが大命題となっている。金属部材は、鋼からアルミ合金への材質変更と、小型化によって軽量化が図られている。そして、スラスト軸受にも金属から樹脂製への材質変更と、更に薄肉化のために転がり軸受から滑り軸受へと変更を強いられている。一方、潤滑油では、粘性抵抗を減らして燃費向上を図るため低粘度化の傾向にある。潤滑油の低粘度化によって潤滑性が低下し、温度が上昇する。そのため、摺動環境は益々厳しくなってきている。しかし、従来の樹脂製摺動部材は、この摺動環境の変化に十分に対応できていない。また、相手材質が鋼とアルミ合金の両方において、摺動特性と摩耗特性が共に許容できる範囲の特性を備えた摺動部材用樹脂組成物は提供されていなかった。 In recent years, in the mechanical mechanism parts for automobiles, it has become a major issue to reduce the total amount of components in order to improve fuel efficiency. The metal member has been reduced in weight by changing the material from steel to aluminum alloy and downsizing. The thrust bearing is also forced to change from a metal to a resin, and from a rolling bearing to a sliding bearing for further thinning. On the other hand, lubricating oil tends to have a low viscosity in order to reduce viscosity resistance and improve fuel efficiency. Lowering the viscosity of the lubricating oil decreases the lubricity and increases the temperature. For this reason, the sliding environment has become increasingly severe. However, the conventional resin sliding member cannot sufficiently cope with the change of the sliding environment. In addition, when the mating material is both steel and an aluminum alloy, a resin composition for a sliding member having characteristics in a range that allows both sliding characteristics and wear characteristics has not been provided.
そこで、本発明が前述の状況に鑑み、解決しようとするところは、従来の樹脂製摺動部材が有する耐熱性、寸法安定性及び機械的特性を維持し、潤滑性を有する流体が介在する環境下で従来の樹脂製摺動部材が使用困難な条件領域において、鋼、軟質金属両材に対する摩擦・摩耗特性をともに向上させ、更に軟質金属への損傷を最小限に抑制できるといった幅広い条件下で使用することができる射出成形可能な摺動部材用樹脂組成物及び樹脂製摺動部材を提供する点にある。 Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned situation, the present invention intends to solve an environment in which a fluid having lubricity is present while maintaining the heat resistance, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of a conventional resin sliding member. Under conditions where it is difficult to use conventional plastic sliding members under a wide range of conditions, both friction and wear characteristics for both steel and soft metal can be improved and damage to soft metal can be minimized. It is in the point which provides the resin composition for sliding members which can be used, and the sliding member made from resin.
本発明は、前述の課題解決のために、射出成形可能なノボラック型フェノール樹脂又はフェノールアラルキル樹脂を母材とし、これに必須充填材として、炭素繊維5〜25容量%、鱗状黒鉛10〜25容量%、アミノシラン処理ガラス球3〜10容量%を配合したことを特徴とする摺動部材用樹脂組成物を構成した。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention uses a novolac-type phenolic resin or phenol aralkyl resin that can be injection-molded as a base material, and as an essential filler therefor, 5 to 25% by volume of carbon fiber, 10 to 25% of scaly graphite. %, And a resin composition for a sliding member characterized in that 3 to 10% by volume of aminosilane-treated glass spheres were blended.
更に、前記必須充填材に加えて、含油シリカ2〜8容量%を配合することがより好ましい。また、前記必須充填材に加えて、ウィスカ状炭酸カルシウム3〜10容量%を配合することも好ましい。そして、含油シリカとウィスカ状炭酸カルシウムは、前記必須充填材に共に加えることも好ましい。 Furthermore, in addition to the essential filler, it is more preferable to blend 2-8% by volume of oil-containing silica. Moreover, it is also preferable to mix | blend 3-10 volume% of whisker-like calcium carbonate in addition to the said essential filler. And it is also preferable to add oil-impregnated silica and whisker-like calcium carbonate to the essential filler.
また、本発明は、前述の摺動部材用樹脂組成物を用いて成形した樹脂製摺動部材を構成した。この樹脂製摺動部材の機械的特性は、曲げ強さが100〜300MPa、曲げ弾性率が10〜30GPa、熱膨張係数が2×10-5〜3×10-51/K、熱伝導率が1.0〜5.0W/mK、及び曲げ弾性率保持率(100×[150℃での曲げ弾性率]/[25℃での曲げ弾性率])が85〜95%であり、炭素鋼(S45C)に対する動摩擦係数が0.070以下、アルミ合金(ADC12)に対する動摩擦係数が0.040以下を共に満たすものである。 Moreover, this invention comprised the resin-made sliding members shape | molded using the above-mentioned resin composition for sliding members. The mechanical characteristics of the resin sliding member are as follows: bending strength is 100 to 300 MPa, bending elastic modulus is 10 to 30 GPa, thermal expansion coefficient is 2 × 10 −5 to 3 × 10 −5 1 / K, thermal conductivity. Is 1.0 to 5.0 W / mK, and the flexural modulus retention (100 × [flexural modulus at 150 ° C.] / [Flexural modulus at 25 ° C.]) is 85 to 95%, carbon steel The dynamic friction coefficient for (S45C) satisfies 0.070 or less, and the dynamic friction coefficient for aluminum alloy (ADC12) satisfies 0.040 or less.
本発明の摺動部材用樹脂組成物は、量産に好適な射出成形が可能であり、製造コスト面での利点があるのに加え、従来の樹脂製摺動部材の有する耐熱性、寸法安定性及び機械的特性を維持し、その上、鋼、軟質金属両材にとの摺動性において優れる利点から、樹脂製摺動部材として使用域が広がるものである。また、本発明の樹脂製摺動部材は、熱伝導性にも優れているので、摩擦発熱を周辺金属へ熱伝導して局部蓄熱を抑制し、潤滑油が接触する最も高温である摺動界面温度を低下させ、潤滑油の粘度低下を抑制し、厳しい摺動環境下においても良好な潤滑状態を維持することができる。 The resin composition for a sliding member of the present invention can be injection-molded suitable for mass production and has advantages in terms of manufacturing cost, as well as the heat resistance and dimensional stability of conventional resin sliding members. In addition, the range of use as a resin-made sliding member is widened because of the advantage of maintaining the mechanical characteristics and also being excellent in the slidability of both the steel and the soft metal. In addition, since the resin sliding member of the present invention is also excellent in thermal conductivity, the frictional heat generation is conducted to the surrounding metal to suppress local heat storage, and the sliding interface at the highest temperature at which the lubricating oil comes into contact. The temperature can be lowered, the viscosity drop of the lubricating oil can be suppressed, and a good lubricating state can be maintained even under severe sliding environments.
更に、本発明の摺動部材用樹脂組成物の有する前記特性から従来の樹脂製摺動部材では実現困難であった金属製転がり軸受の代替及び金属製摺動部材の代替、即ち軽量化、省スペース化、低騒音化及び低コスト化へも期待できる。また、近年、環境への配慮から産業界において、注力、促進されている鋼製機構部品における小型軽量化検討及び鋼製機構部品から軟質金属製機構部品への軽量化検討に際し、貢献していくことができる樹脂製摺動部材となる。 Further, from the above characteristics of the resin composition for a sliding member of the present invention, it is difficult to realize with a conventional resin sliding member, an alternative to a metal rolling bearing and an alternative to a metallic sliding member, that is, weight reduction and saving. It can also be expected to reduce space, noise and cost. Also, in recent years, due to consideration for the environment, the industry has been focusing on and promoting efforts to reduce the size and weight of steel mechanism parts and to reduce the weight from steel mechanism parts to soft metal mechanism parts. It becomes a resin-made sliding member.
本発明の摺動部材用樹脂組成物は、射出成形可能なフェノール系樹脂を母材とし、この母材に対し、充填材として、炭素繊維、鱗状黒鉛及びガラス球を必須成分に総量60容量%を上限に配合、又はこの必須成分に加えて、種々の繊維状、ウィスカ状及び粒子状物質を添加し、母材との総計が100容積%となるように配合させたものである。これにより、従来の樹脂製摺動部材の有する耐熱性、寸法安定性及び機械的特性を維持し、熱伝導特性(熱伝導率:1.0W/mK以上)及び鋼、軟質金属両材における摺動特性をバランスさせ、従来の樹脂製摺動部材との比較で、幅広い条件下で使用できる所望の摺動部材用樹脂組成物を完成させた。 The resin composition for a sliding member of the present invention uses a phenolic resin that can be injection-molded as a base material, and a total amount of 60% by volume of carbon fiber, scaly graphite, and glass spheres as essential components for the base material. Is added to the upper limit, or in addition to this essential component, various fibrous, whisker-like and particulate substances are added so that the total amount with the base material is 100% by volume. As a result, the heat resistance, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the conventional resin sliding member are maintained, and the thermal conductivity characteristics (thermal conductivity: 1.0 W / mK or more) and the sliding properties of both the steel and the soft metal material. A desired resin composition for a sliding member that can be used under a wide range of conditions was completed by balancing the dynamic characteristics and comparing with a conventional resin sliding member.
そして、前記摺動部材用樹脂組成物を用いて、樹脂製摺動部材として図1に示すようなスラストワッシャを射出成形により作製した。スラストワッシャ1は、偏平な環状形状であり、摺動面2に半径方向へ連続した潤滑油の供給溝3を複数形成している。スラストワッシャ1は、その摺動面2が相手部材の摺動面に摺接して軸方向の荷重を支持するが、スラストワッシャと相手部材の一方が回転する場合と、両者が回転する場合がある。本実施形態では、樹脂製摺動部材としてスラストワッシャに基づいて説明するが、本発明はスラストワッシャに限定されるものではない。
And the thrust washer as shown in FIG. 1 was produced by injection molding as a resin-made sliding member using the said resin composition for sliding members. The thrust washer 1 has a flat annular shape, and a plurality of lubricating
具体的には、本発明の摺動部材用樹脂組成物は、射出成形可能なノボラック型フェノール樹脂又はフェノールアラルキル樹脂を母材とし、これに必須充填材として、炭素繊維5〜25容量%、鱗状黒鉛10〜25容量%、アミノシラン処理ガラス球3〜10容量%を配合したものである。
Specifically, the resin composition for a sliding member of the present invention has a novolac type phenol resin or a phenol aralkyl resin that can be injection-molded as a base material. Graphite 10 to 25% by volume and aminosilane-treated
炭素繊維は、平均直径7μm、平均長さ6mmのものを用いた。炭素繊維の充填量が多くなるにしたがい、熱伝導率と曲げ強さが高くなるが、逆に引張り強度が低下する傾向がある。一般にスラストワッシャでは引張り強度は100MPa以上必要とされている。炭素繊維を入れ過ぎるとフェノールとの接着性が低下して充填が困難になり、また少ない場合には満足する機械特性が得られず、熱線膨張係数も高くなる。炭素繊維の充填量が5容量%より少ないと、十分な曲げ強さと熱伝導率が得られず、25重量%より多いと、引張り強度が低くなり、成形性も悪くなるので、炭素繊維の充填量を5〜25容量%とした。 Carbon fibers having an average diameter of 7 μm and an average length of 6 mm were used. As the carbon fiber filling amount increases, the thermal conductivity and bending strength increase, but the tensile strength tends to decrease. In general, a thrust washer requires a tensile strength of 100 MPa or more. If too much carbon fiber is added, the adhesion with phenol is lowered and filling becomes difficult, and if it is small, satisfactory mechanical properties cannot be obtained and the coefficient of thermal expansion is increased. When the carbon fiber filling amount is less than 5% by volume, sufficient bending strength and thermal conductivity cannot be obtained. When the carbon fiber filling amount is more than 25% by weight, the tensile strength is lowered and the moldability is deteriorated. The amount was 5-25% by volume.
鱗状黒鉛は、平均サイズ100μmのものを用いた。鱗状黒鉛の充填量が多くなるにしたがい、熱伝導率が高くなるが、逆に曲げ強さが低くなり、強度低下及び摩耗量が増大する傾向がある。鱗状黒鉛の充填量が10容量%より少ないと、十分な熱伝導率を得られず、25容量%より多いと、曲げ強さが低下して機械的強度が不足するので、鱗状黒鉛の充填量を10〜25容量%とした。 The scaly graphite having an average size of 100 μm was used. As the scaly graphite filling amount increases, the thermal conductivity increases, but conversely, the bending strength decreases, and the strength tends to decrease and the wear amount increases. When the amount of scaly graphite is less than 10% by volume, sufficient thermal conductivity cannot be obtained, and when it is more than 25% by volume, the bending strength is reduced and the mechanical strength is insufficient. Was set to 10 to 25% by volume.
ガラス球は、平均粒径50μmのものを用いた。フェノールとの親和性を高めるために、アミノシラン処理ガラス球を用いた。ガラス球の充填量が多くなるにしたがい、摩擦係数は低下するが、逆に相手金属の摩耗量が増加する傾向がある。ガラス球の充填量が3容量%より少ないと、摩擦係数は高くなり、スラストワッシャとしての機能が果たせず、また10容量%より多いと相手金属を抉ってしまうため、金属摩耗量が増大するので好ましくない。 Glass spheres having an average particle diameter of 50 μm were used. In order to increase the affinity with phenol, aminosilane-treated glass spheres were used. As the filling amount of the glass sphere increases, the friction coefficient decreases, but conversely, the wear amount of the counterpart metal tends to increase. If the glass sphere filling amount is less than 3% by volume, the coefficient of friction will be high, and the function as a thrust washer will not be fulfilled. It is not preferable.
前述の必須充填材に加えて、含油シリカ2〜8容量%を配合することがより好ましい。また、前記必須充填材に加えて、ウィスカ状炭酸カルシウム3〜10容量%を配合することも好ましい。 In addition to the above-mentioned essential filler, it is more preferable to add 2 to 8% by volume of oil-containing silica. Moreover, it is also preferable to mix | blend 3-10 volume% of whisker-like calcium carbonate in addition to the said essential filler.
含油シリカは、多孔質シリカにシリコーン油等の潤滑油を保持させたものであり、含油シリカを充填すると、潤滑性能が高くなって低摩擦性に寄与するが、多くなると機械的特性が悪くなり、成形性にも悪影響を及ぼすため、充填量2〜8容量%とした。ウィスカ状炭酸カルシウムを充填すると、曲げ強さと曲げ弾性率を高めるとともに、引張り強度も改善するが、多くなると成形性が悪くなるため、充填量を3〜10容量%とした。含油シリカとウィスカ状炭酸カルシウムは、それぞれ異質の機能を発揮させるものであり、必要に応じて組み合わせて使用する。 Oil-impregnated silica is obtained by holding a lubricating oil such as silicone oil in porous silica. Filling with oil-impregnated silica increases the lubrication performance and contributes to low friction, but if it increases, the mechanical properties deteriorate. In order to adversely affect the moldability, the filling amount is set to 2 to 8% by volume. When the whisker-like calcium carbonate is filled, the bending strength and the flexural modulus are increased and the tensile strength is also improved. However, when the amount is increased, the moldability is deteriorated, so the filling amount is set to 3 to 10% by volume. Oil-impregnated silica and whisker-like calcium carbonate each have a different function and are used in combination as necessary.
この摺動部材用樹脂組成物で成形した樹脂製摺動部材の機械的特性は、曲げ強さが100〜300MPa、曲げ弾性率が10〜30GPa、熱膨張係数が2×10-5〜3×10-51/K、熱伝導率が1.0〜5.0W/mK、及び曲げ弾性率保持率(100×[150℃での曲げ弾性率]/[25℃での曲げ弾性率])が85〜95%であり、炭素鋼(S45C)に対する動摩擦係数が0.070以下、アルミ合金(ADC12)に対する動摩擦係数が0.040以下を共に満たしている。 The mechanical properties of the resin sliding member molded from this sliding member resin composition are as follows: bending strength is 100 to 300 MPa, bending elastic modulus is 10 to 30 GPa, and thermal expansion coefficient is 2 × 10 −5 to 3 ×. 10 −5 1 / K, thermal conductivity 1.0 to 5.0 W / mK, and flexural modulus retention (100 × [flexural modulus at 150 ° C.] / [Flexural modulus at 25 ° C.]) Is 85 to 95%, the dynamic friction coefficient for carbon steel (S45C) is 0.070 or less, and the dynamic friction coefficient for aluminum alloy (ADC12) is 0.040 or less.
実施例と比較例の試験体は、母材樹脂に各種充填材を配合して混練し、グラニュール状あるいはペレット状の射出成形材料を作製し、その射出成形材料を用いて所定形状に射出成形して作製する。以下に射出成形材料の製造方法と試験体の成形方法を具体的に説明する。 The test specimens of Examples and Comparative Examples are prepared by mixing various fillers with a base material resin and kneading them to produce granule-shaped or pellet-shaped injection molding materials, and then using the injection molding materials, injection molding into a predetermined shape. To make. Hereinafter, a method for producing an injection molding material and a method for molding a specimen will be described in detail.
先ず、フェノール樹脂を母材とする場合(実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜8)の射出成形材料は、以下の製造方法で作製する。表1及び表2に示した割合でフェノール樹脂と各種充填材を配合し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて適度な時間、ミキシングした。その後、ミキシングした材料を2軸ロール混練機にて、十分に加熱混練してシート状にし、冷却後、粉砕機で粉砕し、グラニュール状の射出成形材料を得た。 First, the injection molding materials when phenol resin is used as a base material (Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8) are produced by the following manufacturing method. Phenol resin and various fillers were blended at the ratios shown in Tables 1 and 2, and mixed with a Henschel mixer for an appropriate time. Thereafter, the mixed material was sufficiently heated and kneaded in a biaxial roll kneader to form a sheet, cooled, and then pulverized with a pulverizer to obtain a granular injection molding material.
この射出成形材料(母材:フェノール樹脂)をインライン式射出成形機にて、射出成形し、所定形状の成形品を得た。成形条件は、シリンダー温度:前部90℃、後部60℃、金型温度:185℃、硬化時間:40秒である。 This injection molding material (base material: phenol resin) was injection molded with an in-line injection molding machine to obtain a molded product having a predetermined shape. The molding conditions are: cylinder temperature: front 90 ° C., rear 60 ° C., mold temperature: 185 ° C., curing time: 40 seconds.
次に、熱可塑性樹脂を母材とする場合(比較例9〜13)の射出成形材料は、以下の製造方法で作製する。表3に示した各種充填材を配合し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて適度な時間、ミキシングした。その後、ミキシングした材料を2軸混練押出機で十分に混練し、直径2.5mmのダイを通し、ストランドとし、水冷した後、ストランドカッターを用いてペレット化し、射出成形材料を得た。 Next, the injection molding material in the case of using a thermoplastic resin as a base material (Comparative Examples 9 to 13) is manufactured by the following manufacturing method. Various fillers shown in Table 3 were blended and mixed with a Henschel mixer for an appropriate time. Thereafter, the mixed material was sufficiently kneaded with a twin-screw kneading extruder, passed through a die having a diameter of 2.5 mm, turned into a strand, cooled with water, and then pelletized using a strand cutter to obtain an injection molding material.
この射出成形材料(母材:熱可塑性樹脂)をインライン式射出成形機にて、射出成形し、所定形状の成形品を得た。成形条件は、一般的な成形条件であるため省略する。 This injection molding material (base material: thermoplastic resin) was injection molded with an in-line type injection molding machine to obtain a molded product having a predetermined shape. Since the molding conditions are general molding conditions, they are omitted.
このようにして得られた実施例1〜6と比較例1〜13の試験体の各種特性、即ち曲げ強さと曲げ弾性率、熱膨張係数、熱伝導率及び摩擦摩耗特性を評価した。それらの測定結果は表1〜3に示している。 Various characteristics of the specimens of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 13 thus obtained, that is, bending strength and flexural modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, and friction and wear characteristics were evaluated. The measurement results are shown in Tables 1-3.
ここで、曲げ強さと曲げ弾性率は、島津製作所製のオートグラフ AGS1000にて、JIS7203に準拠して測定した。熱膨張係数は、熱機械分析(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー製、熱分析装置)にて、射出成形における流動方向(MD)と流動に対して垂直方向(TD)について各々測定した。熱伝導率は、細線加熱法を利用した熱伝導率計(京都電子工業製、迅速熱伝導率計 QTM−500)により、各々測定した。 Here, the bending strength and the bending elastic modulus were measured in accordance with JIS7203 with an autograph AGS1000 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. The thermal expansion coefficient was measured for each of the flow direction (MD) and the direction perpendicular to the flow (TD) in injection molding by thermomechanical analysis (manufactured by SII Nanotechnology, thermal analyzer). The thermal conductivity was measured with a thermal conductivity meter (manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Co., Ltd., rapid thermal conductivity meter QTM-500) using a thin wire heating method.
また、摩擦摩耗試験(スラスト試験)は、スラスト式摩擦摩耗試験機(高千穂精機製、摩擦摩耗試験機 TRI−S500N)を用いて、表4に示す試験条件にて行った。 Further, the friction and wear test (thrust test) was performed under the test conditions shown in Table 4 using a thrust type friction and wear tester (manufactured by Takachiho Seiki, friction wear tester TRI-S500N).
実施例1〜6の試験体は、曲げ強さ及び曲げ弾性率において、十分な機械的強度を備え、曲げ弾性率保持率(100×[150℃での曲げ弾性率]/[25℃での曲げ弾性率])も90%前後を有し、且つ熱膨張係数も寸法安定性に優れているばかりでなく、熱伝導率が2.3〜2.7W/mKと非常に高くなっている。そして、炭素鋼(S45C)に対する動摩擦係数が0.070以下、アルミ合金(ADC12)に対する動摩擦係数が0.040以下を共に満たしており、樹脂製摺動部材と相手金属の摩耗量も少ないことがわかった。 The specimens of Examples 1 to 6 have sufficient mechanical strength in bending strength and flexural modulus, and flexural modulus retention ratio (100 × [flexural modulus at 150 ° C.] / [At 25 ° C. The flexural modulus]) is about 90%, and the thermal expansion coefficient is not only excellent in dimensional stability, but also has a very high thermal conductivity of 2.3 to 2.7 W / mK. The dynamic friction coefficient for carbon steel (S45C) satisfies 0.070 or less and the dynamic friction coefficient for aluminum alloy (ADC12) satisfies 0.040 or less, and the wear amount of the resin sliding member and the counterpart metal is small. all right.
それに対して、フェノール樹脂を母材とした比較例1〜8の試験体は、曲げ強さ及び曲げ弾性率、熱膨張係数は実施例1〜6と同等であるが、曲げ弾性率保持率がやや劣り、熱伝導率は大きく劣っている。また、比較例1,2は、炭素鋼に対する摩耗量は実施例1〜6と同程度であるが、アルミ合金に対する摩耗量が5倍以上と大きい。そして、比較例3〜8は、炭素鋼に対する摩耗量は実施例1〜6より3〜4倍と大きく、アルミ合金に対する摩耗量も3倍程度大きい。 On the other hand, the specimens of Comparative Examples 1 to 8 using a phenolic resin as a base material have the same bending strength and bending elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient as those of Examples 1 to 6, but the bending elastic modulus retention rate is the same. Somewhat inferior, thermal conductivity is greatly inferior. Moreover, although the abrasion amount with respect to carbon steel is comparable as Examples 1-6 in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the abrasion amount with respect to an aluminum alloy is as large as 5 times or more. And in Comparative Examples 3-8, the abrasion amount with respect to carbon steel is 3-4 times larger than Examples 1-6, and the abrasion amount with respect to an aluminum alloy is also about 3 times larger.
また、熱可塑性樹脂を母材とした比較例9〜13の試験体は、曲げ弾性率、曲げ弾性率保持率、熱膨張係数及び熱伝導率が実施例1〜6と比べて大きく劣り、機械的強度が乏しく、寸法安定性も実用に耐え得ない。しかも、比較例9〜13は、炭素鋼とアルミ合金の両材に対して摩耗量が共に大きく、実用に耐え得ない。 In addition, the specimens of Comparative Examples 9 to 13 using a thermoplastic resin as a base material are greatly inferior to Examples 1 to 6 in bending elastic modulus, bending elastic modulus retention, thermal expansion coefficient, and thermal conductivity. The mechanical strength is poor and the dimensional stability cannot withstand practical use. Moreover, Comparative Examples 9 to 13 have a large wear amount with respect to both carbon steel and aluminum alloy, and cannot be practically used.
本発明によれば、量産に好適な成形方法である射出成形が可能であり、耐熱性、寸法安定性、機械的特性及びオイル環境下、鋼及びアルミ合金双方に対して、摺動性に優れ、また熱伝導特性に優れることから、従来の樹脂製摺動部材と比較して、使用範囲が広がる利点があり、軽量化に向けた樹脂化促進が可能となる。 According to the present invention, injection molding, which is a molding method suitable for mass production, is possible, and it is excellent in heat resistance, dimensional stability, mechanical properties and oil environment, and is excellent in slidability against both steel and aluminum alloy. Moreover, since it is excellent in heat conduction characteristics, there is an advantage that the use range is widened as compared with the conventional resin sliding member, and it is possible to promote resinization for weight reduction.
1 スラストワッシャ
2 摺動面
3 溝
1
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